Effects of Consecutive Extreme Weather Events on a Temperate
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A Survey of the Nation's Lakes
A Survey of the Nation’s Lakes – EPA’s National Lake Assessment and Survey of Vermont Lakes Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation - Water Quality Division 103 South Main 10N Waterbury VT 05671-0408 www.vtwaterquality.org Prepared by Julia Larouche, Environmental Technician II January 2009 Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures........................................................................................................................................................................... ii Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 What We Measured..................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Water Quality and Trophic Status Indicators.......................................................................................................................................... 4 Acidification Indicator............................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Ecological Integrity Indicators................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Nearshore Habitat Indicators -
Experimental Study of the Zooplankton Impact on the Trophic Structure of Phytoplankton and the Microbial Assemblages in a Temper
ARTICLE IN PRESS Limnologica 37 (2007) 88–99 www.elsevier.de/limno Experimental study of the zooplankton impact on the trophic structure of phytoplankton and the microbial assemblages in a temperate wetland (Argentina) Rodrigo Sinistroa,Ã, Marı´ a Laura Sa´ ncheza, Marı´ a Cristina Marinoneb, Irina Izaguirrea,c aDepartamento de Ecologı´a, Gene´tica y Evolucio´n, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina bDepartamento de Biodiversidad y Biologı´a Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina cConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas y Te´cnicas (CONICET), Argentina Received 7 July 2006; received in revised form 23 August 2006; accepted 1 September 2006 Abstract An experimental study using mesocosms was conducted in the main shallow lake of a temperate wetland (Otamendi Natural Reserve, Argentina) to analyse the impact of zooplankton on phytoplankton and the microbial assemblages. The lake is characterised by the presence of a fluctuating cover of floating macrophytes, whose shading effects shape the phytoplakton community and the ecosystem functioning, which was absent during the study period. The experiment was run in situ using polyethylene bags, comparing treatments with and without zooplankton. The cascade effect of zooplankton on phytoplankton and the lower levels of the microbial food web (ciliates, heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) and picoplankton) were analysed. A significant zooplankton grazing on the nano-phytoplankton fraction (3–30 mm) was observed. Conversely, large algae (filamentous cyanobacteria, colonial chlorophytes and large diatoms) increased in all mesocosms until day 10, suggesting that they were not actively grazed by zooplankton during this period. -
Lake Ecology
Fundamentals of Limnology Oxygen, Temperature and Lake Stratification Prereqs: Students should have reviewed the importance of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Aquatic Systems Students should have reviewed the video tape on the calibration and use of a YSI oxygen meter. Students should have a basic knowledge of pH and how to use a pH meter. Safety: This module includes field work in boats on Raystown Lake. On average, there is a death due to drowning on Raystown Lake every two years due to careless boating activities. You will very strongly decrease the risk of accident when you obey the following rules: 1. All participants in this field exercise will wear Coast Guard certified PFDs. (No exceptions for teachers or staff). 2. There is no "horseplay" allowed on boats. This includes throwing objects, splashing others, rocking boats, erratic operation of boats or unnecessary navigational detours. 3. Obey all boating regulations, especially, no wake zone markers 4. No swimming from boats 5. Keep all hands and sampling equipment inside of boats while the boats are moving. 6. Whenever possible, hold sampling equipment inside of the boats rather than over the water. We have no desire to donate sampling gear to the bottom of the lake. 7. The program director has final say as to what is and is not appropriate safety behavior. Failure to comply with the safety guidelines and the program director's requests will result in expulsion from the program and loss of Field Station privileges. I. Introduction to Aquatic Environments Water covers 75% of the Earth's surface. We divide that water into three types based on the salinity, the concentration of dissolved salts in the water. -
Climate Change: the Cascade Effect Final Appendices
Appendices Appendix 1. Issues raised at workshops Hamilton workshop Three Waters (including river protection structures) • Increased risk of flooding will have knock-on implications for all different services. Economic viability within the catchment. Insurance (or not). Knock-on effect for people who live within the region. Public health risks associated with dampness. Schools impacted by this and the implications for mental health. Property values. Depress the economy. • We may have gone past some of the thresholds for viable land use in some regions. Rates increases becoming untenable for both councils and farmers. As soon as we say we will no longer top up the stopbanks that will be the loss of that community (and a loss for many people). Unless we have a parallel way to get out. Will be legal challenges and huge ramifications. Some of the community do not believe in climate change. • Perceptions of safety by citizens due to having stopbanks. Loss of storytelling. Need to pay if they want to go from a 50yr to a 100 yr scheme. Gold-plated scheme $$$. If locals can't pay, the wider community or central government pay. Cost to others. Debt caps exist however. • Loss of stopbank could knock out key roading infrastructure. In particular SH25. Would have to change to SH2. • Loss of stopbank impacts local communities (i.e., housing). • Loss of stopbanks impacts on agriculture and farming communities. • Bigger pipes could lead to benefits for fish passage, etc. • Need to ensure wastewater is dealt with to protect water supply. • Important to maintaining commercial viability. • Financial implications if wastewater is knocked out. -
Light-Induced Changes in Fatty Acid Profiles of Specific Lipid Classes in Several Freshwater Phytoplankton Species
Light-induced changes in fatty acid profiles of specific lipid classes in several freshwater phytoplankton species Alexander Wacker1*, Maike Piepho2, John L. Harwood3, Irina A. Guschina3, Michael T. Arts4 1Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Germany, 2Institute of 3 Aquatic Ecology, University of Rostock, Germany, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, United Kingdom, 4Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Canada Submitted to Journal: Frontiers in Plant Science Specialty Section: Plant Metabolism and Chemodiversity ISSN: 1664-462X Article type: Original Research Article Received on: 23 Dec 2015 Accepted on: 19 Feb 2016 Provisional PDF published on: Provisional19 Feb 2016 Frontiers website link: www.frontiersin.org Citation: Wacker A, Piepho M, Harwood JL, Guschina IA and Arts MT(2016) Light-induced changes in fatty acid profiles of specific lipid classes in several freshwater phytoplankton species. Front. Plant Sci. 7:264. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00264 Copyright statement: © 2016 Wacker, Piepho, Harwood, Guschina and Arts. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. This Provisional PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance, after peer-review. Fully formatted PDF and full text (HTML) versions will be made available soon. Frontiers in Plant Science | www.frontiersin.org Provisional 1 Light-induced changes in fatty acid profiles of specific lipid classes in several 2 freshwater phytoplankton species 3 4 5 Alexander Wacker1*, Maike Piepho2, John L. -
CHARACTERIZATION, EPIGENETIC DRUG EFFECT, and GENE DELIVERY to BREAST CANCER CELLS a Dissertation Presented to the Graduate Facu
CHARACTERIZATION, EPIGENETIC DRUG EFFECT, AND GENE DELIVERY TO BREAST CANCER CELLS A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Shan Lu December, 2015 CHARACTERIZATION, EPIGENETIC DRUG EFFECT, AND GENE DELIVERY TO BREAST CANCER CELLS Shan Lu Dissertation Approved: Accepted: Advisor Department Chair Dr. Vinod Labhasetwar Dr. Stephen Weeks Committee Chair Dean of the College Dr. Coleen Pugh Dr. John Green Committee Member Dean of Graduate School Dr. Abraham Joy Dr. Chand Midha Committee Member Dr. Ali Dhinojwala Committee Member Dr. Anand Ramamurthi Committee Member Dr. Peter Niewiarowski ii ABSTRACT Cancer relapse is strongly associated with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which drive the development of metastasis and drug resistance. In human breast cancer, CSCs are identified by the CD44+/CD24- phenotype and characterized by drug resistance, high tumorigenicity and metastatic potential. In this study, I found that MCF-7/Adr cells that are breast cancer cells resistant to doxorubicin (Dox) uniformly displayed CSC surface markers, possessed CSC proteins, formed in vitro mammospheres, yet retained low migratory rate. They were also able to self-renew and differentiate under floating culture condition and are responsive to epigenetic drug treatment. High degree of DNA methylation (modifications of the cytosine residues of DNA) and histone deacetylation are major epigenetic landmarks of CSCs. In this work, I showed that MCF-7/Adr cells are sensitive to histone deacetylation inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). Through RNA-sequencing technology, I also found that decitabine (DAC) and SAHA similarly affected a large number of the examined pathways, including drug and nanoparticle cellular uptake and transport, lipid metabolism, carcinogenesis and nuclear transport pathways. -
Article Is Available Gen Availability
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1763–1777, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1763-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Oxycline oscillations induced by internal waves in deep Lake Iseo Giulia Valerio1, Marco Pilotti1,4, Maximilian Peter Lau2,3, and Michael Hupfer2 1DICATAM, Università degli Studi di Brescia, via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy 2Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany 3Université du Quebec à Montréal (UQAM), Department of Biological Sciences, Montréal, QC H2X 3Y7, Canada 4Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA Correspondence: Giulia Valerio ([email protected]) Received: 22 October 2018 – Discussion started: 23 October 2018 Revised: 20 February 2019 – Accepted: 12 March 2019 – Published: 2 April 2019 Abstract. Lake Iseo is undergoing a dramatic deoxygena- 1 Introduction tion of the hypolimnion, representing an emblematic exam- ple among the deep lakes of the pre-alpine area that are, to a different extent, undergoing reduced deep-water mixing. In Physical processes occurring at the sediment–water inter- the anoxic deep waters, the release and accumulation of re- face of lakes crucially control the fluxes of chemical com- duced substances and phosphorus from the sediments are a pounds across this boundary (Imboden and Wuest, 1995) major concern. Because the hydrodynamics of this lake was with severe implications for water quality. In stratified shown to be dominated by internal waves, in this study we in- lakes, the boundary-layer turbulence is primarily caused by vestigated, for the first time, the role of these oscillatory mo- wind-driven internal wave motions (Imberger, 1998). -
Ecological Cascades Emanating from Earthworm Invasions
502 REVIEWS Side- swiped: ecological cascades emanating from earthworm invasions Lee E Frelich1*, Bernd Blossey2, Erin K Cameron3,4, Andrea Dávalos2,5, Nico Eisenhauer6,7, Timothy Fahey2, Olga Ferlian6,7, Peter M Groffman8,9, Evan Larson10, Scott R Loss11, John C Maerz12, Victoria Nuzzo13, Kyungsoo Yoo14, and Peter B Reich1,15 Non- native, invasive earthworms are altering soils throughout the world. Ecological cascades emanating from these invasions stem from rapid consumption of leaf litter by earthworms. This occurs at a midpoint in the trophic pyramid, unlike the more familiar bottom- up or top- down cascades. These cascades cause fundamental changes (“microcascade effects”) in soil morphol- ogy, bulk density, and nutrient leaching, and a shift to warmer, drier soil surfaces with a loss of leaf litter. In North American temperate and boreal forests, microcascade effects can affect carbon sequestration, disturbance regimes, soil and water quality, forest productivity, plant communities, and wildlife habitat, and can facilitate other invasive species. These broader- scale changes (“macrocascade effects”) are of greater concern to society. Interactions among these fundamental changes and broader-scale effects create “cascade complexes” that interact with climate change and other environmental processes. The diversity of cascade effects, combined with the vast area invaded by earthworms, leads to regionally important changes in ecological functioning. Front Ecol Environ 2019; 17(9): 502–510, doi:10.1002/fee.2099 lthough society usually -
A Lake and Pond Classification System for the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic States
A Lake and Pond Classification System for the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic States November 2014 Mark Anderson, Arlene Olivero Sheldon, Alex Jospe The Nature Conservancy Eastern Regional Office Call Outline • Goal • Process • Key Variables – Trophic Level – Alkalinity – Temperature – Depth • Integration of Variables into Types • Distributable Information • Web Mapping Service Goal: A classification and map of waterbodies in the Northeast Product is not intended to override existing state or regional classifications, but is meant to complement and build upon existing classifications to create a seemless eastern U.S. aquatic classification that will provide a means for looking at patterns across the region. Counterpart to the NE Aquatic Habitat Classification Streams and • Lakes and Ponds Rivers Olivero, A, and M.G. Anderson. 2008. The Northeast Aquatic Habitat Classification. The Nature Conservancy, Eastern Conservation Science. 90 pp. http://www.rcngrants.org/spatialData Steering Committee State/Federal Name Agency EPA Jeff Hollister Environmental Protection Agency ME Dave Halliwell Department of Environmental Protection Develop Douglas Suitor Department of Environmental Protection frame- Linda Bacon Department of Environmental Protection Dave Coutemanch The Nature Conservancy work NH Matt Carpenter Division of Fish and Game VT Kellie Merrell Department of Environmental Conservation MA Richard Hartley Department of Fish and Game Share Mark Mattson Department of Environmental Protection CT Brian Eltz DEEP Inland Fisheries Division data NY -
Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of Thermal Stratification and Vertical
Journal of Meteorological Research 1 Yang, Y. C., Y. W. Wang, Z. Zhang, et al., 2018: Diurnal and seasonal variations of 2 thermal stratification and vertical mixing in a shallow fresh water lake. J. Meteor. 3 Res., 32(x), XXX-XXX, doi: 10.1007/s13351-018-7099-5.(in press) 4 5 Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of Thermal 6 Stratification and Vertical Mixing in a Shallow 7 Fresh Water Lake 8 9 Yichen YANG 1, 2, Yongwei WANG 1, 3*, Zhen ZHANG 1, 4, Wei WANG 1, 4, Xia REN 1, 3, 10 Yaqi GAO 1, 3, Shoudong LIU 1, 4, and Xuhui LEE 1, 5 11 1 Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information, 12 Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China 13 2 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information, 14 Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China 15 3 School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information, Science and Technology, 16 Nanjing 210044, China 17 4 School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information, Science and 18 Technology, Nanjing 210044, China 19 5 School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, 20 USA 21 (Received June 21, 2017; in final form November 18, 2017) 22 23 Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41275024, 41575147, Journal of Meteorological Research 24 41505005, and 41475141), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China 25 (BK20150900), the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of 26 Information Science and Technology (2014r046), the Ministry of Education of China under 27 grant PCSIRT and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education 28 Institutions. -
LA Native White Paper2
ATTACHMENT 1 LA Native An ecofriendly future for light rail stations www.lanative.org Our goal is simple: get the MTA and Expo Authority to use native species for the station landscaping in phase two of the Expo light rail line. The stations for phase two of the Expo Line present a perfect opportunity to create multiple pockets of native landscaping that will reduce water and fertilizer use; create vital islands of native habitat for birds, butterflies, and other species; and serve as public educational showcases of our native plant varieties, encouraging our citizenry to make better, sustainable choices for landscaping. We were stunned to discover that essentially no native plants were used in phase one of the Expo Line construction. The Theodore Payne Foundation (an LA Native member), provides some startling facts: 1) California uses 20% of its energy consumption to move and treat water. 2) Up to 70% of residential water goes to watering landscaping in our county—landscaping we've filled with non-native tropicals and invasive species that consume on average seven times more than our native plants. 3) Unlike the indigenous plants that evolved in our nitrogen-poor soil, non-natives need fertilizers. The abundant use of such fertilizers has become a huge source of runoff pollution in Santa Monica Bay. 4) Landscaping with native plants does not cost more, and in some cases reduces maintenance costs. 5) We've lost 90% of our native songbird and butterfly populations in the last fifty years. This is no coincidence. A primary food source for most of these bird species is butterfly caterpillars. -
Appendix Page
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES Division of Water Quality Environmental Sciences Section August 2004 This page was intentionally left blank NCDENR, Division of Water Quality Basinwide Assessment Report – Cape Fear River Basin - August 2004 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF APPENDICIES ........................................................................................................................ 5 LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................................... 7 LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................. 11 OVERVIEW OF THE WATER QUALITY OF THE CAPE FEAR RIVER BASIN.....................................17 EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES BY PROGRAM AREA.................................................................................27 FISHERIES ...................................................................................................................................... 27 BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES............................................................................................. 30 LAKE ASSESSMENT....................................................................................................................... 32 PHYTOPLANKTON MONITORING................................................................................................. 33 AMBIENT MONITORING................................................................................................................