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On Some Rude Stone Monuments in North Wales. Author(S): A On Some Rude Stone Monuments in North Wales. Author(s): A. L. Lewis Source: The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 7 (1878), pp. 118-123 Published by: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2841374 . Accessed: 10/06/2014 13:03 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 185.44.78.123 on Tue, 10 Jun 2014 13:03:01 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 118 A. L. LEWIS.-On some ON SOME RUDE STONE MONUMENTS IN NORTH WALES. By A. L. LEWIS, M.A.I. LASTsummer, during a stay of a fewdays in North Wales, I was enabled to visit some of the rude stonemonuments with which the country abounds, and to observe the following particularsconcerning them: In the park of Plas Newydd,so beautifullysituated on the Anglesea shore of the Menai Straits,stands a dolmen,pictures of which are perhaps more numerousthan of any other rude stone monument,Stonehenge and Kit's Coty House possibly excepted. It has often been called a Druidic altar, but it is obviouslya sepulchraldolmen, and was doubtlesscovered with earthor stonesin part or entirely. It consists of two chambers in a line runningabout N.E. and S.W., but not communicating with each other. The larger is at the north-eastend, and has six uprightstones still in position,two othersbeing prostrate; its dimensionsare about 9 feet by 8 by 4? high, the extreme measurementsof the coveringstone being 12 feetby 10 by 41 thick. The smaller chamber is about 6 feetby 4 by 21 high, and is coveredby a stone 6 feetsquare by 1I thick; fourof its supportersremain upright, and one is fallen,while a fewfrag- mentslie roundabout, which probablyformed part of the walls of the chambers. The total length of the dolmen is about 24 feet; some of the stonesare of a slaty nature,in consequenceof whichtwo have split beneaththe weightof the coveringstones. At a little distance in a north north-westerlydirection is a pentagonalflat-topped stone, 5 feethigh and 8 feetin thickness, whichmight possibly have servedas an altar,but which has no apparentconnection with the dolmen. On about the middle of the top of the Great Orme'sHead is a tumulus,from 30 to 40 feet in diameter,and 10 or 12 feet high, at the southern edge of which stands a little dolmen, consistingof fourupright stones, forming a pentagonalchamber, about 5 feetacross and 4 high,the side to the south-eastbeing open. This chamberis onlypartly covered by a capstone4 to 5 feetin diameterand not more than one footthick, and in its presentappearance and dimriensionsis singularlylike some of the Antas of Portugal,described and figuredby M. Pereirada Costa,but it may be onlypart of a largerstructure. Its most peculiarfeature is its position,not in, nor upon,but by the side of a tumulus. It is not improbablethat it may have been used like the In,_ain dolmens recentlydescribed by Mr. Walhouse, and which it seems to me to resemble,as a kind of shrineor coveringfor small objects of a sacred character. In this case its position by a probablysepulchral tumulus might indicate This content downloaded from 185.44.78.123 on Tue, 10 Jun 2014 13:03:01 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Rude StoneMonuments in North Wales. 119 that it was a sortof memorialchapel. Accordingto Stukeley, Kit's CotyHouse stood at the end of a long barrow,of whichno trace now remains; but this dolmen is much more like a sepulchralchamber than Kit's CotyHouse, whichin my opinion neverdiffered materially from its presentcondition. The third monumentof the kind which I visited,is situated at Tyn-y-coedfarm, Capel Garmon (above Bettws-y-coed),and differsfrom the two I have already described. It consistsof threechambers, in a line nearlyeast and west,ahd communi- catingwith each other. The western and centralchambers are about 10 feet long, and the eastern 81; the width varies from51 to 81 feet,and the height is about 5 feet,32 of which are below the presentsurface of the surroundingtumulus. The westernchamber is constructedof large, thin,slaty slabs, and is covered by a similarstone, 14 feet by 11, and not morethan one footthick. The other chambersare not now covered,but have preservedin them much more of the small, loose, flat stone work with which the spaces between the larger stones were carefullyfilled up. The north-eastcorner of the central compartmentis cut offby two stones,and formsa littlechamber by itself,and fromthe southernside of the centralcompartment a passage,some six yards long by one wide, runs to the outer edge of the tumulus. This passage is constructed,like the chambers,of slabs mingled with small uncemented masonry, and, as it narrowstowards the top, the walls may have been continuedupward till they met, at a height of 4 or 5 feet. This passage may remindus of the "portals," described by Dr. Lubach in connectionwith the " Hunebedden" of Holland, being,like them,at the southside of,and at rightangles to the chamberto which it conducts. Perhaps if it were carefully exploredwith the spade it mightdisclose some fewrelics of the builders. The remainsof the tumulusare now surroundedby an uncementedstone wall, whichdid not,however, appear to me to be part of the originalstructure. At Aber,by the side of the road to the waterfall,is a single stone,5 feethigh by 3 by 2, in the middleof a circle,18 feetin diameter,of small stones piled togetherand overgrownwith vegetation. Looking nearly due south from this stone the beautifulfall of Aber is clearly visible, and looking in the oppositedirection the sea appears between two hills,the stone beingplaced in the directline betweenthe two,but with regard to its antiquityand object I cannotsay anythingwith certainty. The last monumentwhich I have to describe,is a circle called Y MeineuHirion,* on theCerrig-y-Druidion, or hill of the Druids,next Penmaenmawr. I have not been able to ascertain * See wood-cuton page 120. K 2 This content downloaded from 185.44.78.123 on Tue, 10 Jun 2014 13:03:01 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions - ---~-.--, * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~) "-I- -- - _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- A k - -I -.------ =.s- s -'7 -J~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t This content downloaded from 185.44.78.123 on Tue, 10 Jun 2014 13:03:01 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions RubdeStone Jonumnents in North Wales. 121 how long the name Cerrig-y-Druidionhas been in use, but if it could be tracedback foreven threecenturies it would go farto show that the associationof the Druids with the rude stone monumentsis not, as has been suggested,a mereinvention of the antiquariesof the last century. Y Meineu Hirioni is composedof a small low bank of earthand stonesforming a circle 80 feet in diameter,on whichstood some largerupright stones; of these seven now remain upright,their dimensionsvarying from3 to 5- feetin height,and from1 to 5 feetin breadthand thickness,and one, 8 feet long, lies prostrate;there are also sundry fragmentsand stumps. This monument,desciibed in Gough'sCamden's Britannia as one of the most remarkablein NorthWales, is not unlike the Roll-richin character,but is smaller,and, so faras regardsthe circleitself, even insignificant. Thereis, however,one feature of very great importance,which is not noticed by Gough or Camden, but to whichI will now call your attention. In my formerpapers on Rude Stone Monuments,I have dwelt oftenand at some lengthon the very frequent,if not entirelyuniform, occurrence in connectionwith our Britishcircles of a special referenceto the north-east,either by singlestones placed in that directionor otherwise,and on the probability,deducible fromthis circumstancein particu- lar amongstothers, that these circles were places of resort,or in otherwords, temples,for sun-worship; and I am glad to be able to say that this little circle of Meineu Hirion is no exceptionto this rule, but a rather curiousexemplification of it. At Stonehengeand the Roll-rich,the outlyingstones are so placed as to stand betweenthe circleand the sun as he appears above the horizonon the morningof the longest day,but on the north-eastof the circleof Meineu Hirion,the ground falls rapidlyaway into a deep hollow,on the otherside of whichare loftyhills, yet, 500 feetto the north-east,down in the valley, is a large stone,now prostrate,9 feet long, by 5 by 2, and in the same direction,but about 400 feet further,is anotherpro- strate stone, 9 feet long,by 5 by 4. It might be suggested that,as the sun would not light these stones up in risingon MidsummerDay, the solar theorywould be at fault,but forthe factthat they lead the eye directlyto two hills on the other side of the valley,over the top of one of which,or more pro- bably betweenthe two,the sun would rise on the longest day; and, even were it not so, the reply would be obvious that customs often survive without strict regard to their original causes,and I thinktherefore that I am fullyjustified in claiming this case as a strong proofin support of what I have so frequentlyurged on formeroccasions.
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