Bell Beaker ‘Re-Use’ of Older Sites
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A Research Program on Innovations in Prehistory and Antiquity?
Special Volume 6 (2016): Space and Knowledge. Topoi Research Group Articles, ed. by Gerd Graßhoff and Michael Meyer, pp. 777–818. Svend Hansen – Jürgen Renn – Florian Klimscha – Jochen Büttner – Barbara Helwing – Sebastian Kruse The Digital Atlas of Innovations: A Research Program on Innovations in Prehistory and Antiquity Edited by Gerd Graßhoff and Michael Meyer, Excellence Cluster Topoi, Berlin eTopoi ISSN 2192-2608 http://journal.topoi.org Except where otherwise noted, content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 Svend Hansen – Jürgen Renn – Florian Klimscha – Jochen Büttner – Barbara Helwing – Sebastian Kruse The Digital Atlas of Innovations: A Research Program on Innovations in Prehistory and Antiquity The authors discuss the simultaneous appearance of technological innovations in three key technologies (metallurgy, wheeled vehicles, weighing systems) in the second half of the 4th millennium. This is done from a source-critical perspective because the innova- tions are discussed with the help of dynamic maps from the Topoi project Digital Atlas of Innovations. Besides indications of diffusion gradients influenced by special research conditions, exceptional waves of innovation can be detected for all three technologies in the discussed period. These waves of innovation cannot, however, be generalized but have to be understood on the basis of the respective technology traditions and lines of devel- opment specific to local areas. Monocentric diffusion theories can be clearly disproven, local technology developments and their converging in certain centrally situated regions have to be assumed instead. Similarly, the transfer of objects and their châine opératoire can only be detected rather infrequently, while the adaptation to local socio-economic and environmental factors can be demonstrated. -
Pottery Technology As a Revealer of Cultural And
Pottery technology as a revealer of cultural and symbolic shifts: Funerary and ritual practices in the Sion ‘Petit-Chasseur’ megalithic necropolis (3100–1600 BC, Western Switzerland) Eve Derenne, Vincent Ard, Marie Besse To cite this version: Eve Derenne, Vincent Ard, Marie Besse. Pottery technology as a revealer of cultural and symbolic shifts: Funerary and ritual practices in the Sion ‘Petit-Chasseur’ megalithic necropolis (3100–1600 BC, Western Switzerland). Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, Elsevier, 2020, 58, pp.101170. 10.1016/j.jaa.2020.101170. hal-03051558 HAL Id: hal-03051558 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03051558 Submitted on 10 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 58 (2020) 101170 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Anthropological Archaeology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jaa Pottery technology as a revealer of cultural and symbolic shifts: Funerary and ritual practices in the Sion ‘Petit-Chasseur’ megalithic necropolis T (3100–1600 BC, -
Hassuna Samarra Halaf
arch 1600. archaeologies of the near east joukowsky institute for archaeology and the ancient world spring 2008 Emerging social complexities in Mesopotamia: the Chalcolithic in the Near East. February 20, 2008 Neolithic in the Near East: early sites of socialization “neolithic revolution”: domestication of wheat, barley, sheep, goat: early settled communities (ca 10,000 to 6000 BC) Mudding the world: Clay, mud and the technologies of everyday life in the prehistoric Near East • Pottery: associated with settled life: storage, serving, prestige pots, decorated and undecorated. • Figurines: objects of everyday, magical and cultic use. Ubiquitous for prehistoric societies especially. In clay and in stone. • Mud-brick as architectural material: Leads to more structured architectural constructions, perhaps more rectilinear spaces. • Tokens, hallow clay balls, tablets and early writing technologies: related to development o trade, tools of urban administration, increasing social complexity. • Architectural models: whose function is not quite obvious to us. Maybe apotropaic, maybe for sale purposes? “All objects of pottery… figments of potter’s will, fictions of his memory and imagination.” J. L. Myres 1923, quoted in Wengrow 1998: 783. What is culture in “culture history” (1920s-1960s) ? Archaeological culture = a bounded and binding ethnic/cultural unit within a defined geography and temporal/spatial “horizons”, uniformly and unambigously represented in the material culture, manifested by artifactual assemblage. pots=people? • “Do cultures actually -
817 CHRONOLOGY and BELL BEAKER COMMON WARE Martine
RADIOCARBON, Vol 51, Nr 2, 2009, p 817–830 © 2009 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona CHRONOLOGY AND BELL BEAKER COMMON WARE Martine Piguet • Marie Besse Laboratory of Prehistoric Archaeology and Human Population History, Department of Anthropology and Ecology, University of Geneva, Switzerland. Email: [email protected] and [email protected]. ABSTRACT. The Bell Beaker is a culture of the Final Neolithic, which spread across Europe between 2900 and 1800 BC. Since its origin is still widely discussed, we have been focusing our analysis on the transition from the Final Neolithic pre-Bell Beaker to the Bell Beaker. We thus seek to evaluate the importance of Neolithic influence in the establishment of the Bell Bea- ker by studying the common ware pottery and its chronology. Among the 26 main types of common ware defined by Marie Besse (2003), we selected the most relevant ones in order to determine—on the basis of their absolute dating—their appear- ance either in the Bell Beaker period or in the pre-Bell Beaker groups. INTRODUCTION This study is part of a research project now ongoing for several years and directed by M Besse. Its objective is to better explain the Bell Beaker phenomenon. Two projects funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (FNS) made it possible to develop the study of the common ware pot- tery and its chronology (M Besse and M Piguet), territory analysis (M Besse and M Piguet), analysis of non-metric dental traits (J Desideri), and copper metallurgy (F Cattin). -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses Neolithic and chalcolithic cultures in Turkish Thrace Erdogu, Burcin How to cite: Erdogu, Burcin (2001) Neolithic and chalcolithic cultures in Turkish Thrace, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3994/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk NEOLITHIC AND CHALCOLITHIC CULTURES IN TURKISH THRACE Burcin Erdogu Thesis Submitted for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. University of Durham Department of Archaeology 2001 Burcin Erdogu PhD Thesis NeoHthic and ChalcoHthic Cultures in Turkish Thrace ABSTRACT The subject of this thesis are the NeoHthic and ChalcoHthic cultures in Turkish Thrace. Turkish Thrace acts as a land bridge between the Balkans and Anatolia. -
Standing Stones: Stonehenge, Carnac and the World of Megaliths Free
FREE STANDING STONES: STONEHENGE, CARNAC AND THE WORLD OF MEGALITHS PDF Jean-Pierre Mohem,Dorie B. Baker | 176 pages | 29 Mar 1999 | Thames & Hudson Ltd | 9780500300909 | English | London, United Kingdom Standing Stones : Stonehenge, Carnac and the World of Megaliths Dorie B. Baker | eBay AIA Tours: land. Tour Dates: May June 5, 12 days. Tour Leader s : Paul G. Bahn. Amidst beautiful landscapes see world renowned, as well as lesser known, Neolithic and Bronze Age megaliths and monuments such as enigmatic rings of giant standing stones and remarkable chambered tombs. Explore medieval churches, charming villages, museum collections, and more. One of the best tours I Carnac and the World of Megaliths ever taken part Carnac and the World of Megaliths. Single room supplement will be charged when requested or required. With fewer than 10 participants, a small group surcharge may be Standing Stones: Stonehenge. This afternoon, take a guided walking tour of Salisbury, including a tour of the Salisbury Museum with its Director. In the evening, enjoy a welcome drink and dinner at our hotel. Overnight at the 4-star Legacy Rose and Crown Hotel for three nights. Its archaeological collections span the Neolithic through medieval periods, and include finds from Stonehenge and Avebury which we visit on May 28 th and May 29 threspectively. After an independent lunch in Devizes we return to Salisbury. The balance of the day is at leisure. After an independent lunch, we drive to Durrington Walls, site of a henge circular structure and the largest Neolithic settlement in northern Europe, where a local expert will join us for Carnac and the World of Megaliths rest of the day. -
The Recumbent Stone Circles of Aberdeenshire
The Recumbent Stone Circles of Aberdeenshire The Recumbent Stone Circles of Aberdeenshire: Archaeology, Design, Astronomy and Methods By John Hill The Recumbent Stone Circles of Aberdeenshire: Archaeology, Design, Astronomy and Methods By John Hill This book first published 2021 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2021 by John Hill All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-6585-8 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-6585-2 This book is dedicated to: Dr Joan J Taylor (1940-2019) Dr Aubrey Burl (1926-2020) “What was once considered on the fringe of archaeology, now becomes mainstream” and to Rocky (2009-2020) “My faithful companion who walked every step of the way with me across the Aberdeenshire landscape” TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures............................................................................................ ix List of Tables ............................................................................................ xii Acknowledgements ................................................................................. xiii Introduction ............................................................................................... -
How to Tell a Cromlech from a Quoit ©
How to tell a cromlech from a quoit © As you might have guessed from the title, this article looks at different types of Neolithic or early Bronze Age megaliths and burial mounds, with particular reference to some well-known examples in the UK. It’s also a quick overview of some of the terms used when describing certain types of megaliths, standing stones and tombs. The definitions below serve to illustrate that there is little general agreement over what we could classify as burial mounds. Burial mounds, cairns, tumuli and barrows can all refer to man- made hills of earth or stone, are located globally and may include all types of standing stones. A barrow is a mound of earth that covers a burial. Sometimes, burials were dug into the original ground surface, but some are found placed in the mound itself. The term, barrow, can be used for British burial mounds of any period. However, round barrows can be dated to either the Early Bronze Age or the Saxon period before the conversion to Christianity, whereas long barrows are usually Neolithic in origin. So, what is a megalith? A megalith is a large stone structure or a group of standing stones - the term, megalith means great stone, from two Greek words, megas (meaning: great) and lithos (meaning: stone). However, the general meaning of megaliths includes any structure composed of large stones, which include tombs and circular standing structures. Such structures have been found in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, North and South America and may have had religious significance. Megaliths tend to be put into two general categories, ie dolmens or menhirs. -
Aerial Investigation and Mapping of the Newgrange Landscape, Brú Na Bóinne, Co
Aerial investigation and mapping of the Newgrange landscape, Brú na Bóinne, Co. Meath The Archaeology of the Brú na Bóinne World Heritage Site Interim Report, December 2018 This interim report has been prepared to make available the results of ongoing analysis, interpretation and mapping work in advance of full publication. The report has been produced for use on the internet. As such, the high-resolution imagery has been compressed to optimise downloading speeds. Interpretation and opinion expressed in the interim report are those of the authors. Printed copies of the report will be made available as soon as is practicable following the release of this digital version. Adjustments may be made to the final publication text subject to the availability of information at that time. NOTE Virtually all of the sites featured in this report are located on private land. These are working farms with both crops and livestock. There is no entry onto these lands without the express permission of the landowners. Furthermore, the sites are mostly subsurface and can only be seen as cropmarks. There are extensive views across the floodplain from Newgrange Passage Tomb, which can be accessed via the OPW Brú na Bóinne Visitor Centre. Details of on-line booking for the Brú na Bóinne Visitor Centre and guided tour of Newgrange are available at: http://www.heritageireland.ie/en/midlands-eastcoast/brunaboinnevisitorcentre/ Cover image: View across the Geometric Henge, looking north towards Newgrange Farm. © Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht -
Prehistoric Activities in Megalithic Graves in Falbygden, Sweden by MALOU BLANK
Prehistoric Activities in Megalithic Graves in Falbygden, Sweden BY MALOU BLANK Abstract The different types of use of megalithic graves are discussed in this article. Based on new AMS analyses and the re-examination of materials from excavated graves in Falbygden, a multitude of later modifications and activities are demonstrated. A long-term perspective of the use of dolmens, passage graves and the less studied gallery graves is applied and it is shown that the extent as well as the location of activity differed during the various periods. In this study, it is argued that the reuse of megalithic graves occurs more often than previously described and also that times of abandonment needs to be considered. The analyses indicate that despite similarities to several megalithic areas in Sweden, the prehistory of Falbygden is unique. In contrast to other regions, there is a significant level of megalithic reuse during the second part of the Late Neolithic. The results imply that the monumentality of the graves, which has often been claimed in previous research, is of less importance. Instead, megalithic graves were transformed through time and adapted to the prevailing practices. Introduction The prehistoric reuse of graves and monuments of the graves (Tilley 1994; Bradley 2002; is a well-known phenomenon which has been van Dyke & Alcock 2003; Arwill-Nordbladh recognized in many parts of Europe (Leclerc 2013). This study emphasizes the importance & Masset 1980; Hingley 1996; Holtorf of including reused graves in archaeological 1998; Billard et al. 2010). Although the research, in order to gain a more complete reuse of older graves is noted, its potential for understanding of prehistoric societies. -
The Landscape Archaeology of Martin Down
The Landscape Archaeology of Martin Down Martin Down and the surrounding area contain a variety of well‐preserved archaeological remains, largely because the area has been unaffected by modern agriculture and development. This variety of site types and the quality of their preservation are relatively unusual in the largely arable landscapes of central southern England. Bokerley Dyke, Grim's Ditch, the short section of medieval park boundary bank and the two bowl barrows west of Grim's Ditch, form the focus of the Martin Down archaeological landscape and, as such, have been the subject of part excavations and a detailed survey by the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England. These investigations have provided much information about the nature and development of early land division, agriculture and settlement within this area during the later prehistoric and historic periods. See attached map for locations of key sites A ritual Neolithic Landscape….. Feature 1. The Dorset Cursus The Cursus dates from 3300 BCE which makes it contemporary with the earthen long barrows on Cranborne Chase: many of these are found near, on, or within the Cursus and since they are still in existence they help trace the Cursus' course in the modern landscape. The relationship between the Cursus and the alignment of these barrows suggests that they had a common ritual significance to the Neolithic people who spent an estimated 0.5 million worker‐hours in its construction. A cursus circa 6.25 miles (10 kilometres) long which runs roughly southwest‐northeast between Thickthorn Down and Martin Down. Narrow and roughly parallel‐sided, it follows a slightly sinuous course across the chalk downland, crossing a river and several valleys. -
Megaliths, Monuments & Tombs of Wessex & Brittany
From Stonehenge to Carnac: Megaliths, Monuments & Tombs of Wessex & Brittany Menhhir du Champs Dolent SLM (1).JPG May 25 - June 5, 2021 (12 days | 14 guests) with prehistorian Paul G. Bahn © Jane Waldbaum ©Vigneron ©AAlphabet © DChandra © DBates Archaeology-focused tours for the curious to the connoisseur “The special tour of Stonehenge was a highlight, as well as visiting the best of the best of prehistoric sites with Archaeological Institute an immensely knowledgeable guide like Paul Bahn.” of America - Grant, Ontario Lecturer xplore the extraordinary prehistoric sites of Wessex, England, & Host and Brittany, France. Amidst beautiful landscapes see world renowned, as well as lesser known, Neolithic and Bronze Age Emegaliths and monuments such as enigmatic rings of giant standing stones and remarkable chambered tombs. Dr. Paul G. Bahn is a leading archaeological writer, translator, and broadcaster in the Highlights: field of archaeology. He is a Contributing Editor of the AIA’s Archaeology magazine, • Stonehenge, the world’s most famous megalithic site, which is a and has written extensively on prehistoric UNESCO World Heritage site together with Avebury, a unique art, including the books Images of the Ice Neolithic henge that includes Europe’s largest prehistoric stone circle. Age, The Cambridge Illustrated History of Prehistoric Art, and Cave Art: A Guide to • Enigmatic chambered tombs such as West Kennet Long Barrow. the Decorated Ice Age Caves of Europe. Dr. • Carnac, with more than 3,000 prehistoric standing stones, the Bahn has also authored and/or edited many world’s largest collection of megalithic monuments. books on more general archaeological subjects, bringing a broad perspective to • The uninhabited island of Gavrinis, with a magnificent passage tomb understanding the sites and museums that is lined with elaborately engraved, vertical stones.