DOCSLIB.ORG

Heads We Win -- the Cognitive Side of Counterinsurgency (COIN

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Heads We Win -- the Cognitive Side of Counterinsurgency (COIN THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as a public CHILD POLICY service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION Jump down to document ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING organization providing objective analysis and effective PUBLIC SAFETY solutions that address the challenges facing the public SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Support RAND WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND National Defense Research Institute View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non- commercial use only. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. This product is part of the RAND Corporation occasional paper series. RAND occasional papers may include an informed perspective on a timely policy issue, a discussion of new research methodologies, essays, a paper presented at a conference, a conference summary, or a summary of work in progress. All RAND occasional papers undergo rigorous peer review to ensure that they meet high standards for research quality and objectivity. RAND COUNTERINSURGENCY STUDY • PAPER 1 Heads We Win The Cognitive Side of Counterinsurgency (COIN) David C. Gompert Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense Approved for public release; distribution unlimited The research described in this report was prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). The research was conducted in the RAND National Defense Research Institute, a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the OSD, the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, the Department of the Navy, the Marine Corps, the defense agencies, and the defense Intelligence Community under Contract W74V8H-06-C-0002. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN 978-0-8330-4021-3 The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. R® is a registered trademark. © Copyright 2007 RAND Corporation All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from RAND. Published 2007 by the RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2665 RAND URL: http://www.rand.org/ To order RAND documents or to obtain additional information, contact Distribution Services: Telephone: (310) 451-7002; Fax: (310) 451-6915; Email: [email protected] Preface This paper is one of the first outputs of the RAND Corporation’s research project for the U.S. Department of Defense on how to improve U.S. counterinsurgency (COIN) capabilities. It should be of interest to the U.S. government and other countries and organizations now rethinking COIN strategies and retooling COIN capabilities in view of developments since September 11, 2001, as well as to scholars trying to understand continuity and change in this field. The larger RAND project of which this is a part will yield a stream of interim products during its course. It will culminate in a final report that draws on that stream of work. Thus, this particular report can and should be read both as an output, in and of itself, and as a piece of a larger picture of COIN that is taking shape. The topic, cognitive capabilities for COIN, is one that has not been analyzed heavily. Indeed, a reason for this paper is that the topic has not received enough attention, given the emphasis on technology, territorial control, and organization that characterizes U.S. COIN strategy and analysis. Thus, the author’s purposes are to fuel debate and stimulate more research on an important yet neglected aspect of COIN. This analysis was sponsored by the Combating Terrorism Technology Task Force of the U.S. Department of Defense and conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute, a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, the Department of the Navy, the Marine Corps, the defense agencies, and the defense Intelligence Community. For more information on RAND’s International Security and Defense Policy Center, contact the Director, James Dobbins. He can be reached by email at James_Dobbins@rand. org; by phone at 703-413-1100, extension 5134; or by mail at the RAND Corporation, 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050. More information about RAND is available at www.rand.org. iii Contents Preface ........................................................................................................... iii Figures and Table ..............................................................................................vii Summary ........................................................................................................ ix Acknowledgments .............................................................................................xv Abbreviations ................................................................................................. xvii CHAPTER ONE Introduction: Purpose, Scope, and Definitions........................................................... 1 CHAPTER TWO The Mind as Central Front.................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER THREE Reordering COIN Priorities .................................................................................13 CHAPTER FOUR Thoughts of the Jihad .........................................................................................19 CHAPTER FIVE Closing the Gap ................................................................................................29 CHAPTER SIX Cognitive Requirements in Global COIN ................................................................35 CHAPTER SEVEN Cognitive Capabilities for COIN ...........................................................................41 Understanding Global Insurgency ............................................................................41 Global COIN-Shaping Strategy.............................................................................. 44 Global COIN Operations..................................................................................... 46 v vi Heads We Win: The Cognitive Side of Counterinsurgency (COIN) CHAPTER EIGHT Conclusions: Investment and Reform .....................................................................53 APPENDIX Investments and Measures to Enhance Cognitive COIN Capabilities ..............................57 Bibliography ....................................................................................................59 Figures and Table Figures 4.1. The Jihadist Personnel Model ....................................................................25 5.1. COIN Capabilities Profile ....................................................................... 30 6.1. COIN Requirements for Global Insurgency .................................................. 38 7.1. COIN Requirements for Global Insurgency ...................................................51 8.1. DoD Investment Priorities for Global COIN ..................................................55 Table A.1. Cognitive Capabilities and Required Measures and Investments............................57 vii Summary The Need to Reorder Priorities This paper documents an effort to specify requirements for strongercognition — comprehension, reasoning, and decisionmaking—in 21st-century counterinsurgency (COIN). Different from information technology (IT) (e.g., sensors, chat rooms, displays), cognition is what occurs “between the ears” after receiving information. It is as crucial to COIN as physi- cal capabilities, organizational structures, and territorial control, especially against shrewd, distributed insurgents. Greater attention to cognitive capabilities is dictated by the rise and persistence of a new class of insurgency that combines utopian aims, intense motivation, global connectiv- ity and mobility, extreme violence, and constant adaptation. The foremost example of this is the Islamist-Sunni-Salafist jihad, which aims to overthrow what its adherents see as a corrupt nation-state order in the Muslim world, devised by the West to dominate Islam. Like classical insurgency, the jihad vies for the support of a contested population—in this case, alienated Muslims in both Muslim-majority and Muslim-minority states. Jihad not only aids but also infects local insurgencies with anti-Western venom, religious extremism, and suicide terrorist leanings, making them more vicious and intractable.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • HOW to WIN the WAR of IDEAS Lessons from the Gramscian Right
    Susan George HOW TO WIN THE WAR OF IDEAS Lessons from the Gramscian Right In Greek the hegemon is the leader, and from ket-dominated, iniquitous world is neither there it’s just a linguistic hop, skip, and jump to natural nor inevitable, then it should be pos- the notion of rule, authority, and dominance ex- sible to build a counter-project for a different pressed by the word “hegemony.” Traditionally, kind of world. the term was reserved for states. In the 1920s and 1930s, the great Italian Marxist thinker An- Exclusion and Ideology tonio Gramsci took the concept further, using it to explain how one class could establish its lead- The late twentieth century could be dubbed the ership over others through ideological domi- Age of Exclusion. It’s now clear that the “free nance. Whereas orthodox Marxism explained market,” which increasingly determines politi- nearly everything by economic forces, Gramsci cal and social as well as economic priorities, added the crucial cultural dimension. He showed cannot embrace everyone. The market’s job is how, once ideological authority—or “cultural he- not to provide jobs, much less social cohesion. gemony”—is established, the use of violence to It has no place for the growing numbers of people impose change can become superfluous. who contribute little or nothing to production Today, few would deny that we live under or consumption. The market operates for the the virtually undisputed rule of the market-domi- benefit of a minority. nated, ultracompetitive, globalized society with The Age of Exclusion engenders myriad so- its cortège of manifold iniquities and everyday cial ills with which various humanitarian and violence.
    [Show full text]
  • Al-Qaeda's “Single Narrative” and Attempts to Develop Counter
    Al-Qaeda’s “Single Narrative” and Attempts to Develop Counter- Narratives: The State of Knowledge Alex P. Schmid ICCT Research Paper January 2014 This Research Paper seeks to map efforts to counter the attraction of al Qaeda’s ideology. The aim is to bring together and synthesise current insights in an effort to make existing knowledge more cumulative. It is, however, beyond the scope of this paper to test existing counter-narratives on their impact and effectiveness or elaborate in detail a new model that could improve present efforts. However, it provides some promising conceptual elements for a new road map on how to move forward, based on a broad review and analysis of open source literature. About the Author Alex P. Schmid is a Visiting Research Fellow at the International Centre for Counter Terrorism – The Hague, and Director of the Terrorism Research Initiative (TRI), an international network of scholars who seek to enhance human security through collaborative research. He was co-editor of the journal Terrorism and Political Violence and is currently editor-in-chief of Perspectives on Terrorism, the online journal of TRI. Dr. Schmid held a chair in International Relations at the University of St. Andrews (Scotland) where he was, until 2009, also Director of the Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence (CSTPV). From 1999 to 2005 he was Officer-in-Charge of the Terrorism Prevention Branch at the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in the rank of a Senior Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Officer. From 1994 to 1999, Dr. Schmid was an elected member of the Executive Board of ISPAC (International Scientific and Professional Advisory Council) of the United Nations' Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme.
    [Show full text]
  • In Grave Danger: How the United States Responds to Threats to the Nation Through Foreign Policy and Propaganda
    In Grave Danger: How the United States Responds to Threats to the Nation through Foreign Policy and Propaganda By Kelly Peterson Senior Seminar: Hst 499 Professor Hsieh Western Oregon University June 16, 2007 Readers Professor John L. Rector Professor Mark Henkels Copyright © Kelly Peterson, 2007 In Grave Danger: How the United States Responds to Threats to the Nation through Foreign Policy and Propaganda An unconventional enemy requires an unconventional and often times new strategy to defeat it. The United States has been faced with these types of enemies several times in its history. Communism and terrorism are two of them. Before the beginning of the Cold War the United States had generally faced national threats that were clearly defined. In World War I the Germans were the opposition and in World War II it was the Nazis and the Japanese. These threats were defined groups of people in an identifiable location or region. Being able to define an enemy to a specific group of people and/or nation makes targeting, attacking and defeating that target easier to understand, especially to the American people. Targeting an ideology like communism or a small, scattered group of people like terrorists is much harder to explain and comprehend. After an enemy has been identified and a new foreign policy has been created a third step must occur; the creation of a propaganda campaign. This propaganda is directed at foreign nations as well as at the American people. Propaganda can be defined as, “the construction and dissemination of certain words and images in order to shape the attitudes and behaviour of populations.”1 Thus a government would use propaganda to spread its views in regards to their new foreign policy and in turn influence their targeted audience.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychological Operations Principles and Case Studies
    Psychological Operations Principles and Case Studies Editor Frank L. Goldstein, Col, USAF Co-editor Benjamin F. Findley, Jr., Col, USAFR Air University. Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama September 1996 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Psychological operations : principles and case studies j editor, Frank L. Goldstein ; co-editor, Benjamin F. Findley. p. cm. At head of t.p. : AU Shield. "September 1996 ." 1. Psychological warfare-United States . 2. Psychological warfare-Case studies . 1. Goldstein, Frank L., 1945- . 11. Findley, Benjamin F. UB276.P82 1996 355 .3'434-dc20 96-22817 CIP ISBN 1-58566-016-7 Disclaimer This publication was produced in the Department of Defense school environment in the interest of academic freedom and the advancement of national defense-related concepts . The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the United States government. This publication has been reviewed by security and policy review authorities and is cleared for public release . For Sale by the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402 Contents Essay Page DISCLAIMER -------------------- ii FOREWORD . Lx PREFACE ______________________ xi PART I Nature and Scope of Psychological Operations (PSYOP) Introduction . 3 1 Psychological Operations : An Introduction Col Frank L. Goldstein, USAF Col Daniel W. Jacobowitz, USAF, Retired 2 Strategic Concepts for Military Operations . , 17 Col Fred W. Walker, USAF, Retired 3 No More Tactical Information Detachments: US Military Psychological Operations in Transition . 25 Col Alfred H. Paddock, Jr., USA, Retired 4 Blending Military and Civilian PSYOP Paradigms .
    [Show full text]
  • Political-Ideological Warfare in Integrated Strategy, and Its Basis in an Assessment of Soviet Reality1
    Political-Ideological Warfare in Integrated Strategy, and its Basis in an Assessment of Soviet Reality1 By John Lenczowski At the heart of the Reagan policy toward the USSR was a strategy to address squarely and ultimately eliminate the causes of tension between East and West. Despite little consensus in the American foreign policy establishment about these causes, the Reagan Administration proceeded from an unambiguous interpretation of what they were: nothing less than the nature of the Soviet regime. From this view, it followed that U.S. policy had to find a way to change that nature, and do so, if possible, without risking total war. Whereas in previous Administrations, U.S. policy toward Moscow was principally reactive and defensive, the Reagan strategy proceeded from a fundamentally offensively-oriented premise: the identification of the principal weaknesses of our adversary. To identify weaknesses required a proper understanding of the nature of the Soviet system -- again, a matter over which there was no consensus among experts in the field. Once these were identified, the Administration set forth a multifaceted strategy whose ultimate goal was to bring about regime change from within. Identifying the Sources of East-West Conflict The Reagan strategy was based on the premise that the source of the conflict between the two powers was neither the existence of nuclear weapons -- if it were, then we should also have had cold wars and arms control negotiations with other nuclear powers such as Britain, France, China, and Israel -- nor economic rivalry, nor any other material factor. Such elements were not causes of the conflict, they were its symptoms.
    [Show full text]
  • War of Ideas’’
    THE ARTS This PDF document was made available CHILD POLICY from www.rand.org as a public service of CIVIL JUSTICE the RAND Corporation. EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit NATIONAL SECURITY research organization providing POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY objective analysis and effective SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY solutions that address the challenges SUBSTANCE ABUSE facing the public and private sectors TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY around the world. TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Support RAND Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND National Security Research Division View document details This product is part of the RAND Corporation reprint series. RAND reprints reproduce previously published journal articles and book chapters with the permission of the publisher. RAND reprints have been formally reviewed in accordance with the publisher’s editorial policy. CHAPTER 72 Waging the ‘‘War of Ideas’’ William Rosenau, Ph.D. Political Scientist, The RAND Corporation, Washington Office; Adjunct Professor, Security Studies Program, Georgetown University INTRODUCTION ‘‘Wars of subversion and counter subversion are fought, in the last resort, in the minds of the people,’’ a leading British authority on counterterrorism concluded in 1971.1 More than three decades later, there is growing recognition among U.S. government officials, journalists,
    [Show full text]
  • American Exceptionalism, the War on Terror, and the Rule of Law in the Islamic World
    AMERICAN EXCEPTIONALISM, THE WAR ON TERROR, AND THE RULE OF LAW IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD NADINE STROSSEN* When some New York Law School students first decided to organize a Federalist Society chapter many years ago, they ac‐ tually asked me to be their faculty advisor. Some will say that this shows how hard it is to find a conservative law professor. But what it really shows is that these New York Law School students were honoring this organization’s libertarian found‐ ing principles. Those principles are reflected in the opening words of the Federalist Society’s mission statement: “The Fed‐ eralist Society . is founded on the principle[] that the state exists to preserve freedom . The Society seeks . [to reor‐ der] priorities within the legal system to place a premium on individual liberty . .”1 Also relevant to this Essay’s topic, the mission statement declares that “the separation of governmen‐ tal powers is central to our Constitution.”2 Unfortunately, the “War on Terror”3 has violated these fundamental precepts of the Federalist Society in numerous ways, with devastating con‐ sequences for liberty, democracy, and national security alike. For details, refer to the website of a certain organization that has been promoting the libertarian aspect of the Federalist So‐ * Professor of Law, New York Law School; President, American Civil Liberties Union, 1991–2008. Most of the footnotes were prepared by Professor Strossen’s Chief Aide, Steven Cunningham (NYLS ‘99), based on her guidance and with the assistance of her Research Assistants John Bilancini (NYLS ‘10) and Nicole Tesoriero (NYLS ‘11). Accordingly, Steven Cunningham bears both the responsibility and the credit for the footnotes.
    [Show full text]
  • Counterinsurgency and Stability Operations: a New Approach to Legal Interpretation
    Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen XIV Counterinsurgency and Stability Operations: A New Approach to Legal Interpretation Dale Stephens* Introduction e live in the postmodern era of warfare,1 where small-scale, intra-State Wconflict is increasingly becoming the norm. While the modern era con- ceived of war and warfighting as a large-scale, inter-State conflict waged between massed professional armies,2 the postmodern era perceives conflict as “war among the people”3 where technological advantage, massive firepower and physical ma- neuver can count for little in the struggle for ascendancy.4 It turns out that such conflict can be as deadly and as strategically significant as conventional warfare. The US military in its recent reconceptualization of how such wars are to be ef- fectively engaged (and how victory is to be meaningfully measured) has embraced the realities of the emergent postmodern style of warfare. The recently published U.S. Army/Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual5 and its companion vol- ume, The U.S. Army Stability Operations Field Manual,6 portray a somewhat counterintuitive model for prevailing in these postmodern conflicts. Significantly, the methodologies these manuals espouse are written against the background of bitter experience of conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan. Indeed, partially through ne- cessity, these doctrines emerged from reflection about these conflicts and took * Captain, CSM, Royal Australian Navy. All views expressed in this article are solely those of the author and do not necessarily
    [Show full text]
  • Losing the War of Ideas Countering Violent Extremism in the Age of Trump
    SAUDI PRESS AGENCY VIA AP VIA AGENCY PRESS SAUDI Losing the War of Ideas Countering Violent Extremism in the Age of Trump By Alia Awadallah, Hardin Lang, and Kristy Densmore August 2017 WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.ORG Losing the War of Ideas Countering Violent Extremism in the Age of Trump By Alia Awadallah, Hardin Lang, and Kristy Densmore August 2017 Contents 1 Introduction and summary 4 Worrying trends in the Trump administration’s approach to countering violent extremism 8 Regional efforts to counter violent extremism 13 Recommendations for U.S. policymakers 16 Conclusion 17 Appendix: Country breakdowns 22 About the authors 23 Endnotes Introduction and summary When President Donald Trump took office in January, he inherited a military campaign against the Islamic State and Al Qaeda affiliates in the Middle East that had yielded impressive gains in Iraq and, to a lesser extent, in Syria. Since then, the Trump administration has largely continued to rely on President Barack Obama’s counterterrorism strategy of working through partners in the region. However, the strategy to counter the spread of violent extremist ideologies that give rise to terrorism remains a work in progress. Initial steps by the Trump administration give cause for concern. Countering violent extremism (CVE) is a relatively new field. It was first incorpo- rated into official U.S. national security strategy in 2006.1 The challenges CVE seeks to address are more diverse and intangible than those targeted by the traditional tools of counterterrorism. According to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, “CVE aims to address the root causes of violent extremism by providing resources to communities to build and sustain local prevention efforts and promote the use of counter-narratives to confront violent extremist messaging online.”2 Yet there is little consensus on what constitute the key drivers of extremism.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Fight the War of Ideas Against Radical Islamism
    How to Fight the War of Ideas Against Radical Islamism Testimony before the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee John Lenczowski Founder and President, The Institute of World Politics June 14, 2017 Good morning, Mr. Chairman, Ranking Minority Member, and Members of the Committee. I am grateful and honored to have the opportunity to share with you my recommendations on how we in the United States can optimally protect ourselves and the world against radical Jihadism. My testimony consists of two parts. The first and major part addresses the question of how to defeat the principal dimensions of the Jihadist threat – particularly the method by which the Jihadist movement generates new recruits to its cause. The second addresses how our government should be organized and tasked with performing this critical function. Jihadism is Principally an Ideological Problem The United States has spent trillions of dollars fighting radical Islamist terrorism. We have done so by treating Jihadist aggression as principally a military and intelligence problem. Yet, it is a civilizational problem. We have been fighting two wars to destroy terrorism- supporting regimes, seeking out terrorists, and killing them. This is like trying to eradicate mosquitoes in your back yard by inviting all your friends over for a garden party, arming them each with shotguns, and shooting mosquitoes all afternoon. You will get a few of the mosquitoes. The problem is that there is a puddle in the back yard and something is going on there: it is the spawning of new mosquitoes – and we are doing very little about it.
    [Show full text]
  • Justice, Politics and Insurgency in Afghanistan
    No Shortcut to Stability No Shortcut to Stability Justice, Politics and Insurgency in Afghanistan Stephen Carter and Kate Clark Stephen Carter and Kate Clark December 2010 Chatham House, 10 St James Square, London SW1Y 4LE T: +44 (0)20 7957 5700 E: [email protected] F: +44 (0)20 7957 5710 www.chathamhouse.org.uk Charity Registration Number: 208223 No Shortcut to Stability Justice, Politics and Insurgency in Afghanistan Stephen Carter and Kate Clark December 2010 © The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2010 Chatham House (The Royal Institute of International Affairs) is an independent body which promotes the rigorous study of international questions and does not express opinions of its own. The opinions expressed in this publication are the responsibility of the authors. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. Please direct all enquiries to the publishers. Chatham House 10 St James’s Square London SW1Y 4LE T: +44 (0) 20 7957 5700 F: + 44 (0) 20 7957 5710 www.chathamhouse.org.uk Charity Registration No. 208223 ISBN 978 1 86203 240 8 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. Cover image: Taliban fighters with rocket-propelled grenades and AK-47s © Scott Peterson/Getty Images Designed and typeset by SoapBox Communications Limited www.soapboxcommunications.co.uk
    [Show full text]
  • Bin Laden and Al Qaeda Thematic Bibliography No
    Public Diplomacy Division Room Nb123 B-1110 Brussels Belgium Tel.: +32(0)2 707 4414 / 5033 (A/V) Fax: +32(0)2 707 4249 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.nato.int/library Bin Laden and Al Qaeda Thematic Bibliography no. 5/11 Ben Laden et Al-Qaida Bibliographie thématique no. 5/11 Division de la Diplomatie Publique Bureau Nb123 B-1110 Bruxelles Belgique Tél.: +32(0)2 707 4414 / 5033 (A/V) Fax: +32(0)2 707 4249 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.nato.int/library How to borrow items from the list below : As a member of the NATO HQ staff you can borrow books (Type: M) for one month, journals (Type: ART) and reference works (Type: REF) for one week. Individuals not belonging to NATO staff can borrow books through their local library via the interlibrary loan system. How to obtain the Multimedia Library publications : All Library publications are available both on the NATO Intranet and Internet websites. Comment emprunter les documents cités ci-dessous : En tant que membre du personnel de l'OTAN vous pouvez emprunter les livres (Type: M) pour un mois, les revues (Type: ART) et les ouvrages de référence (Type: REF) pour une semaine. Les personnes n'appartenant pas au personnel de l'OTAN peuvent s'adresser à leur bibliothèque locale et emprunter les livres via le système de prêt interbibliothèques. Comment obtenir les publications de la Bibliothèque multimédia : Toutes les publications de la Bibliothèque sont disponibles sur les sites Intranet et Internet de l’OTAN.
    [Show full text]