- Border Issues and : A View from India Namrata Goswami, Ph.D. USIP/IDSA May 08, 2013 Map of the North East Major Ethnic profile of the India-China- Trans-borders A Menba(China) T I B E T A N KHAMTI C Adi,Nishi,Bengni, MEMBA Hill Miri,Tagin,Apatani D C H I N A B F & Mising(India)/ MISHMI MONPA 1 Lhoba(China) F D -Lhoba(China) SINGPHO TANI C E E Hkamti(Myanmar) A F E G Kachin(Myanmar)/ Jingpo(China) NAGA G LISU I N D I A MEITEI

SHAN M Y A N M A R 1 Arunachalis B A N G L A D E S H

KUKI-CHIN The Chicken’s neck B U R M A N I N D I A Significant Factors

 Disputed Border and Territorial Claim.  as the Core Issue.  Balance of Military Forces.  Military Exercises  Infrastructure Development  India US Relationship  Local Perceptions on the disputed border  Negotiations  Future Scenarios

Strategic Territory

China – India Border:McMahon line

Brahmaputra River

Upper Brahmaputra, from a NASA shuttle, 200 km from the earth. C H I N A

McMahon Line

P L A

Tawang

BHUTAN

Chinese claimed border

P L A I N D I A B U R M A TIBET AS CORE

Sections

Balance of Military Forces. Military Exercises.

Local Perceptions

China’s Missile Deployment

Source: http://blogs.fas.org/security/2008/05/extensive-nuclear-deployment-area-discovered-in-central-china/ Rapid Deployment Infrastructure

India-US Relationship Local Perspective on the Border

Complexity of the Negotiations

 1993 Agreement: Agreement on the Maintenance of Peace and Tranquility along the (LAC) in the India - China Border Area  1996 Agreement: CBMs in the Military Field  2003 Agreement: Declaration on Principles for Relations and Comprehensive Cooperation  2005 Guiding principles  Stalled? Fixed Positions? Swap? Future Scenarios

 Deterrence Signaling  Local Strength  Governance and Riparian Issues  Transparency?  Accepting status quo?  Military balance

The recent dispute in Ladakh