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T H E 2 1 S T C E N T U R Y J E T L I N AIRBUS A380 jetliner AIRBUS A380 - the 21st century the 21st century- 1 - jetliner copyright 2006 by Titus Neupert & Tobias Baldauf [email protected] [email protected] All rights reserved printed in Germany Information contained in this work was obtained from sources be- lieved to be reliable. We don’t guarantee for the accuracy or com- AIRBUS A380 - the 21st century jetliner AIRBUS A380 - the 21st century pleteness of any information published herein. c o n t e n t [1] Introduction ..................................................................... 2 [2] Development ................................................................... 4 [2.2] First Orders ......................................................................4 [2.3] Test phase .........................................................................4 [2.4] Production .........................................................................5 [3] Technology ........................................................................ 6 [3.1] Turbo fan ...........................................................................6 [3.2] Physics of flight/lift .............................................................7 [3.3] New technologies ...............................................................9 [3.4] Comparison of giant airplanes ...........................................11 [4] Versions .........................................................................12 [4.1] Passenger version ............................................................12 [4.2] Freight version .................................................................14 [5] Problems ........................................................................15 [5.1] Wake turbulence ..............................................................15 [5.2] Ground operation .............................................................15 [5.3] Evacuation/emergency ......................................................16 [6] Appendix .........................................................................17 [6.1] Orders ............................................................................17 [6.2] Competitors ....................................................................18 [6.3] Sources & Pictures ..........................................................18 jetliner AIRBUS A380 - the 21st century - 1 - [1] Introduction which seems to be important in a cen- tury of growing air travel. The first ver- The A380 is the most advanced and spa- sion of A380 can transport up to 555 cious airliner yet developed. With this passengers in a standard three-class documentation we are going to inform configuration. Airbus made big efforts about this masterpiece of engineering, to develop an environmentally friendly but on the other hand we will show also aircraft. So the plane has a significantly disadvantages and problems of this su- reduced noise level and lower emissions. perjumbo. In addition to this the reader For example the A 380 produces half will find some short descriptions of tech- the noise than other aircraft of com- nologies and principles which offer an in- parable size on take-off. This is on the sight into the exciting science of aero- one hand an effect of the new engines nautics. The A 380 which Airbus sees Rolls-Royce Trent 900 or Engine Alliance as the “flagship of the 21st century”2 GP7200, which were designed especially was designed in close collaboration with for A380 but on the other hand it is also major airlines and airworthiness authori- a consequence of an advanced wing and ties. This plane combines the very latest landing gear design. Because of this the technologies for materials and industrial A380 will be quieter than todays and fu- processes. It also stands for the eco- ture noise limits. But if you talk about nomical competition between America A380 as an environmental friendly air- and Europe as the latest discussions craft you will have to consider not only revolving about subsidies for Boing and noise reductions. Lightweight materi- Airbus show. The A380 will meet the als like composites are used extensively most stringent international certifica- within the body and wings, which results tion requirements. It will be able to car- in a remarkable reduction of the plane’s ry 35 per cent more passengers than weight. Therefore A380 burns 12 % its closest rival, the Boing 747. There less fuel than Boing 747, which makes will be much more comfort for the pas- it a “highly efficient aircraft”.2 An effect sengers of the A 380 because of much of this are significantly reduced exhaust more floor space available. Because of emissions. Indeed, the A380 will be the the application of new technologies, which result in a high rate of efficiency there will be 15-20 percent lower seat- per-mile costs and the range will be 10 per cent greater than that of its clos- est rivals. For instance on long-distance routes like Frankfurt-Los-Angeles pas- sengers will experience a more relaxing way of traveling. A380 will help to avoid aircraft jams by transporting people AIRBUS A380 - the 21st century jetliner AIRBUS A380 - the 21st century without additional aircraft movements - 2 - first long-distance aircraft to consume airports and on the flight routes and less than three liters of cerosine per a significantly increase of influences of passenger over 100 km.7 This fuel con- air travel on the environment. Another sumption is comparable to a family car. consequence would be a raised risk of It is also important, that pilots who have accidents because of necessary cuts flown other Airbus aircraft will be able in security distances. The concept has to operate the superjumbo with minimal been confirmed, through worldwide par- additional training, because A380 uses ticipation in the program from its roots the same cockpit layout, procedures, on and through the already remarkable handling characteristics and a steer- number of planes sold. At the end of July ing system called “fly-by-wire”2 like oth- 2005, 16 customers had announced er Airbus planes. Airbus designed the firm orders and commitments for a to- A380 in collaboration with the world’s tal of 159 planes.2 biggest airports, ensuring airport com- At the beginning the A 380 family con- patibility and an easy entry into service. sists of a passenger aircraft with a range So the A380 provides a very responsible of up to 15,000 km and the freight ver- solution to growing air traffic and air- sion. This A380F, will enable airlines to port congestion. The alternative would transport about 150 tons over 10,400 be a further increase in aircraft move- km.7 Stretched or extended range vari- ments.2 But this might require billions ants will become available as and when of dollars of investment by airports in the market requires them. We hope you new runways, terminals and facilities will enjoy our short publication about the and would also contribute to jams at realization of this European dream. Aircraft Dimensions ft m overall length 239ft 3in 73 cabin length 166ft 3in 50.68 fuselage diameter 23ft 5in 7.14 height (to top of horizontal tail) 79ft 7in 24.1 wing span (geometric) 261ft 8in 79.8 Design Weights lb X 1000 tonnes max. take-off weight 1 235 560 max. landing weight 851 386 max. zero fuel weight 796 361 typical operating weight empty 608.4 276.8 Basic Operation Data engines Trent 900/GP 7 000 engine thrust range 70 000 lb slst range (max. pax) 8 000nm / 15 000km according to www.eads.com jetliner AIRBUS A380 - the 21st century - 3 - [2] Development fore launching the program. In July 2000 Emirates Airlines became the first A380 [2.1] Design phase customer by saying it wants to buy sev- Airbus first began studies on a very large en. Air France, International Lease Fi- 500 seat passenger aircraft in the early nance Corporation (ILFC), Singapore Air- 1990s. The company wanted to develop a lines, Qantas and Virgin Atlantic followed competitor and successor to the Boeing and completed the 50 orders2. Airbus 747 as a strategic play to end Boeing‘s was in the position to officially approve dominance of the very large airliner mar- the project and its name “A380”. ket. At first Boeing and Airbus launched FedEx became the first customer for the a cooperative research project, later on freighter version of the A380 by placing it became obvious that there is no mar- their order on January 16, 2001. FedEx ket for two superjumbos. will take delivery of three aircraft each Boeing decided to focussed on a differ- in 2008, 2009 and 2010, as well as one ent strategy with the “Dreamliner 787” in 2011. – a medium sized, cost-effective and Singapore Airlines will be the first airline modern aircraft, whereas Airbus design- to operate the 555-seat A380. The de- ers introduced the superjumbo project livery of the first aircraft is planned for in June 1994. Airbus began engineering the first quarter of 2006. The A380 will development studied numerous design be used on routes to London, Los An- configurations of the plane, then known geles, San Francisco, New York, Tokyo, as the A3XX. E.g. a single deck aircraft Hong Kong and Sydney. was taken into consideration, which would have seated 12 abreast and twin [2.3] Test phase vertical tails. However Airbus decided on On May 17, 2004 Airbus started A380 a twin deck configuration where a much engine flight trials. The first engine des- lighter structure is possible. The key tined to power the A380, the Rolls- aims of the design are lower operating Royce Trent 900, made a successful costs per seat than Boeing
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