Key words: branch. for development oftourist conditions economic and social have necessary Priazovye ofEastern areas municipal all that determinate itwas conclusion In well-being. levels ofsocial-economic have high Priazovye ern East- ofthe areas all that argued be itcan results, to According industry. tourism ofthe revitalization the require identifi It was indicators. standardization of methods mathematical with analysis comparative multidimensional ofthe by technique Priazovye Eastern ofthe areas municipal ofthe well-being development social-economic and level oftourism ofthe indicators the defi article The region. development investigated in oftourism levels the and levels welfare economic and ofsocial ofinterrelation establishment and determination proposes paper velopment. The de- for mutual acatalyst as act to able are territory ofthe state economic and social the and industry tourism The SOCIAL ANDECONOMICFACTORSOFTOURISMWELLBEINGINTHEEASTPRIAZOVYE [3] Kushnir K.V. Dynamics of development of hotel economy of the Azov coast of Russia 2013–2016 [Dinamika 2013–2016 ofRussia [Dinamika coast K.V. Azov ofdevelopment ofthe Kushnir economy ofhotel Dynamics [3] ocenki [Metodika development region ofthe economic and ofsocial ofassessment Technique A.N. Girina [2] of development ofregions economic and Voroshilov level N.V., ofsocial ofthe Assessment E.S. Gubanova [1] ofcriteria. ofstandardization methods mathematical Priazovye, ofEast districts municipal analysis, comparative al EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT &REFERENCESSSUMMARY [10] //http://rostov.gks.ru/ URL: Rostovstat. Federal statistics state ofthe portal Federal portal of the state statistics[9] Krasnodarstat. URL: http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/munst/munst03/DBI- [8] Spatial aspects of development of the region [Prostranstvennye aspekty razvitiya regiona] /Under gen- regiona] the razvitiya aspekty [Prostranstvennye ofdevelopment region ofthe aspects Spatial [8] approval // the report on of About implementa- the of district Neklinovsky resolution of administration The [7] http://www. URL: region. Rostov ofthe governments oflocal ofactivity ofmonitoring –Portal OMSU portal [6] development ofthe «Economic district Azov ofthe program municipal ofthe onimplementation report The [5] social’no-ekonomichesko- [Indikatory development region economic and N.V. Neveykina ofsocial Indicators [4] Federal University; leading researcher, Russian Information and Analytical and Research Water Management Water Management Research and Analytical and Information Russian researcher, leading University; Federal References: scientifi 2013–2016 2nd Rossii ofthe gg.] poberezh’ya azovskogo collection // xozyajstva The gostinichnogo razvitiya 2013, №8(157), OGU]. pp. [Vestnik 82–86. institution public ofregional Bulletin // The regiona] razvitija social’no-ekonomicheskogo 2013, 3), ipredprinimatel’stvo]. №12 (part pp.konomika 325–332. [Je- business // and Economy Rossii] regionov razvitija social’no-jekonomicheskogo urovnja [Ocenka Russia net.cgi#1 eral editorship of V.A. Ilyin. Vologda, TsEMI RAS Vologda Vologda, scientifi TsEMI of V.A. Ilyin. RAS editorship eral 2016. http://nekl.donland.ru/Data/Sites/36/media/doc/adm/2017/post_226.pdf URL: economy» for development innovative and «Economic district ofNeklinovsky program municipal ofthe tion ifrigate.ru/project_more.html?vid=isystem&id=360 FQjCNGSkgAa6dDIl80DomVA0YMAhyrcAQ ww.rayon.azov-info.ru%2FFile%2Famdinistaciya%2FNPA%2Fpost%2F2017%2Fp192–29032017.doc&usg=A ce=web&cd=1&ved=0ahUKEwjWwImNjr7VAhUJrxoKHccEAd8QFggmMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fw sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&sour 2016 rayona» za https://www.google.ru/url? Azovskogo god]. URL: razvitie rayona «Ekonomicheskoe Azovskogo programmy munitsipal’noy for 2016 orealizatsii [Otchet district» Azov 2013, №23(302), pp. 16–21. ipraktika]. teoriya ekonomika: [Regional’naya practice and theory economy: // Regional regiona go razvitiya SFEDU, 2016, Rostov-on-Don, oZemle»]. problemy nauk pp. 530–533. «Aktual’nye uchastiem smezhdunarodnym uchenyx studentov imolodyx 2-j konferencii nauchnoj [Sbornik Earth» about of sciences U doctor of geographical sciences, associate professor, professor of department of an okeanologiya, Southern Southern okeanologiya, ofan professor, ofdepartment professor associate sciences, ofgeographical doctor M integrated indicators of tourism development and social and economic wellbeing levels, multidimension- c conference of students and young scientists with young scientists and ofstudents c conference M Russian Information and Analytical and Research Water Management Center, Water Rostov-on-Don; Management Research and Analytical and Information Russian doctor of geographical sciences, professor, Southern Federal University; leading researcher, leading University; Federal professor, Southern sciences, ofgeographical doctor A R Y

ed the areas with a high level of tourism development and the areas that that areas development the and level oftourism ahigh with areas the ed & postgraduate student, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don; University, Federal Rostov-on-Don; Southern student, postgraduate

SSOCIETY R O C E I E T F the international participation «Current problems problems «Current participation international the Y E R c and coordination center, 2008, 298 p. 298 center, 2008, coordination c and e-mail: [email protected] E N e-mail: [email protected] nes the criteria and assesses assesses and criteria the nes C e-mail: [email protected] Center, Rostov-on-Don; E S L.A. Bespalova, K.V. Kushnir, O.V. Ivlieva,

Summary & References 184 DISCOURSE STRATEGIES

S.I. Bogdanov, Doctor of Philology, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Education, rector, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint-Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected] N.N. Suvorov, doctor of philosophical sciences, professor, Saint Petersburg state institute of culture; e-mail: [email protected] K.V. Sultanov, honored worker of science of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Philosophy, professor, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint-Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected] SYMBOLISM OF IMAGINARY IN THE COURSE OF KNOWLEDGE Imaginary is fi lled with the symbols having various nature and a structure. Mastering this space of post-material values demands efforts in modern educational process. The tradition of a research of symbolism of conscious- ness developed the Russian symbolists. The symbol closely adjoins to the sign and value and reveals in the system of meanings. The research of the symbolism imagined belongs to the productive sphere of studying of creative process. The attention to a role of corporality and its demonstrations in symbolical imagined is paid. Imagined is considered in connection with development of the theory and practice of the Russian symbolism which has affected researches of the nature of a symbol and its infl uence on creative process. Symbolism imagined and his historical and cultural metamorphoses are present at many works by great artists. The analysis of symbolical helps to defi ne limits of the work of art, the sphere of his interpretation and cultural continuity. Symbolism of imagined opens in- tensions of researches of cultural infl uences of religious consciousness and its transformation in images of an art. Key words: values, imagined, a symbol, the sign, corporality, culture, the work, symbolization, phantasms, sense, value, art. References: [1] Belyy Andrey. Symbolism as a world view [Simvolizm kak miroponimaniye]. Moscow, Republic [Respublica], 1994, 528 p. [2] Gombrikh E. Symbolic images. Essays on the art of the Renaissance [Simvolicheskiye obrazy. Ocherki po iskusstvu Vozrozhdeniya]. St. Petersburg, Aleteja, 2017, 408 p. [3] Ivanov Vyach. I. Native and universal [Rodnoye i vselenskoye]. Moscow, Academic project [Akademicheskiy proekt], 1994, 428 p. [4] Cassirer E. Philosophy of symbolic forms. [Filosofi ya simvolicheskikh form]. V. 1. Moscow, 2011, 101 p. [5] Kolesov V.V. Russian mentality in language and text [Russkaya mental’nost’ v yazyke i tekste]. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg oriental studies [Peterburgskoe vostokovedenie], 2006, 624 p. [6] Losev A.F. Sign. Symbol. Myth. [Znak. Simvol. Mif]. Moscow, MGU, 1982, 480 p. [7] Mamardashvili M.K., Pyatigorskiy A.P. Symbol and consciousness [Simvol i soznaniye]. Moscow, Progress- Tradition [Progress-Traditsiya], 2009, 287 p. [8] Prigogine I., Stengers I. Order out of Chaos. Moscow, 1986, 432 p.

GLOBALIZATION: POLEMIC OF CIVILIZATIONS

Shi Ran, a doctor of judicial science, a postdoctoral research assistant, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; e-mail: [email protected] ON LENIN’S THEORY OF PRE-CAPITALIST SOCIALIST FORMATION Lenin proposed the theory of pre-capitalist socialist formation. According to Lenin, traditional agrarian society with feudal patriarchal system was the historic predecessor of pre-capitalist socialist society. The political development mode of pre-capitalist socialism insisted the unifi cation of the elements of socialist political civilization, including the cultivation of new socialist citizenship through democratic culture and the balance of power based on democratic ¹ 1’2018 centralism. The self-guided union of the working masses would be the form of socialist development in the future. Key words: Pre-capitalist socialism; state capitalism and commodity economy; new citizenship and Democratic mechanism; self-guided union of the working masses References: [1] Lenin’s Essays on Nation and Colonial Issue. Beijing, People’s Publishing House, 1960. [2] Lenin’s Essays on the Construction of the Soviet Regime, the 1st Volume. Beijing, Law Press, 1958. [3] Lenin’s Essays on the New Economic Policy. Beijing, People’s Publishing House, 2001. [4] Sartori G. The Theory of Democracy Revisited. Beijing, Oriental Press, 1998. [5] Selections of Lenin Essays: on Socialism. Beijing, People’s Publishing House, 2009. [6] The Collected Works of Lenin, the 4th Volume. Beijing, People’s Publishing House, 1986. [7] The Collected Works of Lenin, the 34th Volume. Beijing, People’s Publishing House, 1985.

Îáùåñòâî. Ñðåäà. Ðàçâèòèå Ðàçâèòèå Ñðåäà. Îáùåñòâî. [8] The Collected Works of Lenin, the 35th Volume. Beijing, People’s Publishing House, 1986. governing elite. During the administrative reform was formulated the principles of effi principles the formulated was reform administrative the During elite. governing a be to they require are people –the hand other onthe unit, professional as regard still are they onehand, on the ofoffi status ofsocial transformation the to contributed is this and service, onpublic expectations of sacrality apply to apower. Depersonifi permission Divine the received whoson has per- the is monarch the religions most the In unsafe. forbidden and divine, something it’slent concept, consolidate ambiva- an is sacrality that It founded service. ofpublic system the in problem ofsacrality the about is article The THE SACRALITYANDPROFESSIONALISMOFMODERNBUREAUCRACY [12] The Selected Works of Marx and Engels, the 3rd Volume. Beijing, People’s Publishing House, 2012. 3rd Volume. the People’s Engels, Beijing, and Publishing Works ofMarx Selected The [12] House, 2012. Volume. 4th People’s the Beijing, Works Publishing ofLenin, Selected The [11] 1995. House, Volume. People’s 30th Beijing, Publishing the Engels, and Works ofMarx Collected The [10] 1972. House, 23rd Volume. the People’s Engels, Beijing, and Publishing Works ofMarx Collected The [9] SOCIAL PHENOMENASOCIAL [3] Concept of international and cross-border coop cross-border and ofinternational Concept [3] ofIndependent Commonwealth ofthe –participants states ofthe cooperation ofcross-border Convention [2] Integration baremeter [Integracionnyj barometr http://www.eabr.org/r/research/centre/project EABR]. URL: [1] tegration, identity. Key words: relations. ofinternational actors as ofregions formation the to contribute and adjacent territories with eration infl borders, external onthe zones» «interaction create game, of the rules the establishing systems, Integration dialogue. political development by strengthening economic the achieving infl the under are space post-Soviet the and ofRussia part [12] Public opinion in the European Union. Standard Eurobarometer 83 Spring 2015. 83Spring http://ec.europa. Eurobarometer URL: Union. Standard European the in opinion [12]Public endogeno Europe: of Europeanization The B. Hettne [11] p. 569 2003, Press, University Cambridge Security. ofInternational Powers: and Structure The B.Regions Buzan [10] [Opyt approaches constructivism and Europe: paradiplomacy Northern in Building Region E.A. Shlapeko [9] [Institut space social and cultural transborder in place its and diplomacy ofpublic Institute A. E. Shlapeko [8] development the of in participants states- CIS ofthe Assembly roleofInterparliamentary onthe Decision [7] of ofstates-participants cooperation cross-border and on interregional documents ofinternational Record [6] https://eeas.europa.eu/del- URL: Rossii]. v ES [Predstavitel’stvo Russia to Union European the of Delegation [5] kak region [Global’nyj century XXI the in system element ofworld as political region Global M.L. Lagutina [4] tegration unions and in- ofthe the identity role of territorial the to border paid is attention territories Particular spaces. as post-Soviet transl and European the in legislation tion coopera- international ofthe analysis the as well as theories constructivist and institutional onthe based is study The EEU. EU and ofthe regions with relations regions border ofRussian practice and theory the examines article The MODELS OFCROSS-BORDERCOOPERATIONTHERUSSIANREGIONS [13] Wendt A. Social theory of international politics. Cambridge University Press, 1999, 429 p. 1999, 429 Press, University Cambridge politics. ofinternational theory Wendt Social A. [13] References: Gosudarstv]. URL: http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=2510 (05.03.2017) http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=2510 URL: Gosudarstv]. Nezavisimyh Sodruzhestva – uchastnikov gosudarstv sotrudnichestve [Konvencija oprigranichnom states (05.03.2017) eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb83/eb83_fi v. 2002, 24, №4,pp. 325–340. Integration. 2016, nauki]. v.Obshhestvennye 2(150), pp. 98–104. 3: Serija universiteta. federal’nogo Ural’skogo [Izvestija sciences Political and 3.Social Series Journal. versity Uni- Federal // Ural iparadiplomatii] konstruktivizma teorii spozicij Evrope vSevernoj regionostroitel’stva 2017, issledovanija]. Regionovedcheskie [Ojkumena. №1, studies pp.152–162.gional Re- // Oecumene. prostranstve] sociokul’turnom vtransgranichnom iegomesto diplomatii obshhestvennoj (05.03.2017) http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=4990 SNG]. URL: –uchastnikov gosudarstv sotrudnichestva mezhregional’nogo SNG vrazvitii –uchastnikov blei gosudarstv Assam- Mezhparlamentskoj roli [Reshenie CIS ofthe participants states- among cooperation international http://www.e-cis.info/page.php?id=19901 (05.03.2017) SNG]. URL: –uchastnikov gosudarstv nichestve sotrud- iprigranichnom dokumentov omezhregional’nom mezhdunarodnyh podpisannyh [Reestr CIS the na-period-2014_ru (05.03.2017) egations/russia/21472/konkursy-proektov-v-ramkah-pyati-programm-prigranichnogo-sotrudnichestva-pps- № 2(19), pp.16–21. 2015, politika]. v. [Sravnitel’naja 6, veka] politics. // XXI Comparative sistemy politicheskoj mirovoj jelement (05.03.2017) http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=5135 goda]. URL: do2020 SNG period na –uchastnikov gosudarstv sotrudnichestva iprigranichnogo mezhregional’nogo Doctor of sociology, Leading researcher, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Yakutsk; ofSakha ofRepublic ofSciences Academy researcher, Leading ofsociology, Doctor cross-border cooperation, regionalization, the European Union, the Eurasian Economic Union, in- Economic Eurasian Union, the European the regionalization, cooperation, cross-border Ph.D. (Political science), research fellow, Institute of Economics Karelian Research Center Research Karelian ofEconomics fellow, Institute science), research Ph.D. (Political rst_en.pdf (05.03.2017) uence of the EU and the EEU which activities are aimed at at aimed are activities which EEU the EU and uence ofthe ators of integration ideas. Regionalization in the European European the in Regionalization ideas. ofintegration ators eration of the CIS states until 2020 [Koncepcija [Koncepcija 2020 until states CIS ofthe eration us and exogenous dimensions // Journal of European ofEuropean // Journal exogenous dimensions and us of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk; Petrozavodsk; ofSciences, Academy Russian of the uence the content, directions and forms ofcoop- forms and directions content, uence the cation of government lead to the transit transit ofgovernment the leadto cation e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: ciency evaluation of public E.A. Shlapeko, E.A. E.A. Vasilieva, cials: 185 Summary & References 186 service on the base of “professionalization conceptions”. This conception means further desacralisation of the ac- tivity of public servants, reduction of they powers, and decrease of they social status. However the offi cials believe themselves as the persons who access to the unique knowledge and they are oppose the reformation to keep out the “status kwo”. Thus, the involving of principle of professionalism in the practice of government paradoxically lead to the opaqueness of this institutions and contribute to spread of sacrality on to the public service. Key words: public service, sacrality, power, professionalism, bureaucracy, administrative reform. References: [1] Anurin V.F. Religion as a factor of social integration [Religiya kak faktor sotsial’noi integratsii] // Sociological research [Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya], 2013, № 1, pp. 135–146. [2] Achitaeva E.A. «Man and the Sacred» in the processes of sacralization, desacralization and resacraliza- tion [«Chelovek i sakral’noe» v protsessakh sakralizatsii, desakralizatsii i resakralizatsii] // Gramota, 2012, № 10 (65), pp. 22–24. [3] Gryzunova G.V. On the professionalism of civil servants: the prospects of culture-centricity [O professional- izme gosudarstvennykh sluzhashchikh: perspektivy kul’turotsentrichnosti] // Sociological research [Sotsio- logicheskie issledovaniya], 2010, № 9, pp. 124–126. [4] Dulina A.M. Hermeneutics of the Japanese sacred text: the example of the monument of the XIV cen- tury. «Instruction to stupid children about Hatiman» («Hatiman gudo: kin») [Germenevtika yaponskogo sakral’nogo teksta: na primere pamyatnika XIV v. «Nastavlenie glupym detyam o Khatiman» («Khatiman gudo:kin»)] // Asiatica: works on philosophy and cultural studies of the East [Asiatica: trudy po fi losofi i i kul’turologii Vostoka], 2016, № 10, pp. 90–97. [5] Zinchenko Ya.G. Professionalization of the state civil service [Professionalizatsiya gosudarstvennoi grazh- danskoi sluzhby]. Rostov-na-Donu, Izd-vo SKAGS, 2011, 136 p. [6] Karadzhe T.V. Evolution of the sacralization of power [Evolyutsiya sakralizatsii vlasti] // Bulletin of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, series Politology [Vestnik RUDN, seriya Politologiya], 2014, № 1, pp. 86–95. [7] Kozhokin E.M. Power in the Islamic tradition [Vlast’ v islamskoi traditsii] // The free thought [Svobodnaya mysl’], 2012, № 3–4 (1632), pp. 94–105. [8] Korepanov K.I., Gaifutdinov A.A. Sociocultural situations and archetypes [Sotsiokul’turnye situatsii i arkhetipy] // Scientifi c notes of Almetyevsk State Petroleum Institute [Uchenye zapiski Al’met’evskogo gos- udarstvennogo neftyanogo institute], 2014, № 12, pp. 78–85. [9] Kuz’min S.L. The concept of Great Khan’s power and the theocratic statehood of Mongolia in the twentieth century [Kontseptsiya velikokhanskoi vlasti i teokraticheskaya gosudarstvennost’ Mongolii v XX veke] // Sci- entifi c Dialogue [Nauchnyi dialog], 2016, № 9 (57), pp. 136–148. [10] Lobazova O.F. Sacral power in a secular society: the paradox and the regularity of the phenomenon [Sakral’nost’ vlasti v sekulyarnom obshchestve: paradoksal’nost’ i zakonomernost’ yavleniya] // New look: International scientifi c herald [Novyi vzglyad: Mezhdunarodnyi nauchnyi vestnik], 2015, № 7, pp. 178–192. [11] Mysticism. Religion. The science. Classics of world religious studies. Anthology [Mistika. Religiya. Nauka. Klassiki mirovogo religiovedeniya. Antologiya] / Transl. by A. N. Krasnikova. Moscow, Kanon+, 1998, 432 p. [12] Rubtsova M.V., Vasil’eva E.A. «Trust»: conceptualization and operationalization of the concept in corpus linguistics [«Doverie»: kontseptualizatsiya i operatsionalizatsiya ponyatiya v korpusnoi lingvistike] // Socio- logical research [Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya], 2016, № 1, pp. 58–65. [13] Severinyuk V.M. Confucius: the concept of «noble power» [Konfutsii: kontseptsiya «blagorodnoi vlasti»] // Proceedings of the Afanasiev Readings [Materialy Afanas’evskikh chtenii], Vol. 1, 2012, № 10, pp. 246–250. [14] Skripkina E.V. Sacral power of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich: ceremonial and symbolic aspects of the problem [Sakral’nost’ vlasti tsarya Alekseya Mikhailovicha: tseremonial’nyi i simvolicheskii aspekty problem] // Bulletin of the Omsk Orthodox Seminary [Vestnik Omskoi pravoslavnoi dukhovnoi seminarii], 2016, № 1, pp. 108–113. [15] Sokolova A.N. Sacral in the discourse of the anthropology of the Abkhazians and Adygs [Sakral’noe v dis- kurse antropologii abkhazov i adygov] // Liturgical practices and cult arts in the polyethnic region. Collec- tion of materials of the International Scientifi c Conference, ed. S.I. Khvatova [Bogosluzhebnye praktiki i kul’tovye iskusstva v polietnicheskom regione. Sbornik materialov mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii, pod red. S.I. Khvatovoi]. Maikop, Press House «Magarin Oleg Grigor’evich», 2016, pp. 662–673. [16] Turchinov A.I., Magomedov K.O. Personnel potential of the state civil service: spiritual and moral problems [Kadrovyi potentsial gosudarstvennoi grazhdanskoi sluzhby: dukhovno-nravstvennye problem]. Moscow, RAGS, 2010, 122 p. [17] Fukalov I.A. The infl uence of Tengrianity on the sacredness of power among the nomads of Central Asia in the early Middle Ages [Vliyanie tengrianstva na sakral’nost’ vlasti u kochevnikov Tsentral’noi Azii v rannem srednevekov’e] // ANTRO, 2014, № 2 (15), pp. 138–149. [18] Shainer L. Secularization as a sociological concept (according to the research of Western sociologists) [Sekul- ¹ 1’2018 yarizatsiya kak sotsiologicheskoe ponyatie (po issledovaniyam zapadnykh sotsiologov)] // Sociological re- search [Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya], 2008, № 8, pp. 62–67. M.S. Baynova, Ph.D., assotiate professor, Russian state social university, Moscow; e-mail: [email protected] V.P. Makrausova, graduate student, Russian state social university, Moscow; e-mail: [email protected] THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE CULTURE AND THE RELIGION IN MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY Relations of culture and religion become a problem in modern Russian conditions. It is often possible to observe

Îáùåñòâî. Ñðåäà. Ðàçâèòèå Ðàçâèòèå Ñðåäà. Îáùåñòâî. social confl icts related to cultural and religious relations. Sociology, cultural studies, philosophy consider the [9] Grigoriev S.I., Govorukhina G.V. Expert estimation of social effectiveness of Russian National Project (2008– Project National ofRussian effectiveness ofsocial G.V. estimation S.I., Govorukhina Grigoriev Expert [9] refl statistics Voroncov in ademography and A.V. sociology countryside The [8] Vetlicyna I.M.[7] Cultural sphere of Russian rural territory in focus of nationwide v [Vstuplenie Rossii sector farming for the consequences some state WTO: the to Russia’s Vegren accession S.K. cultural policy[6] [Kul’tura [1] Berdiaev N.A. The philosophy of creativity, culture and art [Filosofi art and culture ofcreativity, philosophy The N.A. Berdiaev [1] [8] Toffl [8] Moscow, ofhumanitarian Teologiya Center kul’tury]. [Izbrannoe. P. theology Culture Favourites. Tillich [7] project Moscow, Academic dinamika]. ikul’turnaya [Social’naya dynamics Cultural and Social P.A. Sorokin [6] Moscow, F. Evil. AST, and 2017, Beyond Nietzsche Good p. 288 21 1999, [5] mir], World p. Moscow, [Nauchniy ikul’tura]. Scince [Religiya Culture and J. Religion Maritain [4] Isovremen- [Drevnee modern iEvropa]. and N.Ya. Moscow, [Rossiya Europe Ancient and Danilevskij Russia 2016,[3] Moscow, 178 Direct-media, p. ofCapitalism. Spirit the and Ethic Protestant Weber M.The [2] [11] Engels F. The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State [Proiskhozhdenie sem’i, chastnoj sobst- chastnoj sem’i, [Proiskhozhdenie State the and Property, Family, Private ofthe F. Engels Origin The [11] 2017, West. Moscow, ofthe 1088 p. Alfa-kniga, О. Spengler Decline The [10] p. 684 2004, Moscow, [Mysl’], Thought sochinenij]. Works [Sobranie Collected P.A. Florensky [9] 5 Bychenko Ju.G., V.L. infl Shabanov The [5] posledstvija [Social’nye inferiority class and surrounding ofmonopolistic consequences I.N. Social Buzdalov [4] of transformation ofdisastrous indicator an E.V., as Bocharova P.P. ofpeasantry Velikii destruction The [3] (2011– ofmonitoring results On network transformation. libraries municipal and state M.B.Russian Avramova [2] 131 nevypol- N law offederal [Missija context in ofculture House or Rural V. impossible, is Avitisjan Mission [1] Key words: dialogue. ofsocial problems and misunderstanding to leads religion and culture both ofconfl asource as this see authors The events. cultural attend to oftime alack cited also Respondents believers. be to themselves even events, believing religious attend rarely Respondents events. in participation involvement, aweak arare time same but atthe relations, religious and tural onconfl opinion their expressed events, cultural religion, toward attitudes about questions answered Respondents district. Mitino ofthe residents ofMuscovites, groups focus in astudy conducted authors The type. ofacultural-historical part as religion ofculture, aform as religion ofculture, asource as religion including ofview points different from religion and culture between relationship Key words: ofpersonnel. lack institutions, cultural ofmunicipal downsizing by large-scale caused territories, rural in leisure oforganized low ofeconomy; quality sector ofagrarian support state in decline the areas; ployed rural in ofunem- proportion ahigher and income capita per households’ low level ofrural chronically the settlement; rural ofsmall depopulation forced community; rural ofthe groups social and ofapersonality orientation ological the last years points of out information research on the social onthe main author based The reform. barriers municipal also reform, market of and positive liberal state dynamics by spheres caused leisure and of domestic cultural economic, and social rural demographic, territories: and social spiritual, the in confl crisis the as briefl article The TODAY’S RUSSIANRURALTERRITORIESDEVELOPMENTPROBLEMS References: References: jeffektivnosti nacproekta 2008–2009 gg. na sele, reform sel’skogo sociuma Rossii rubezha XX–XXI vekov XX–XXI rubezha Rossii gg. sel’skogo sociuma reform sele, na 2008–2009 nacproekta jeffektivnosti social’noj ocenka of2010) [Jekspertnaja survey, beginning the expert ofsociological (results centuries 20th and 19th ofthe turn atthe community rural ofRussian reforms and territories rural for domestic 2009) 2011, Razvitie], №1, Sreda. pp.[Obshhestvo. 138–143. 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LANGUAGES OF CULTURE ¹ 1’2018 S.A. ogli Bedirhanov, Сandidate of philological sciences, senior staff researcher, Institute of language, literature and arts “G. Cadasa” of Daghestan scientifi c center of the Russian academy of sciences, Makhachkala; e-mail: [email protected] THE THEME «I» AND «THE WORLD» IN THE POETIC CREATIVITY OF AZISA ALEMA. SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECT The theme «I» and «World» belongs to the category of eternal, has deep roots in the ethnopoetic work of the Lezgin people. In pre-revolutionary poetry it was built into the value-semantic hierarchy, developed mainly in the strophic structures of social and philosophical lyrics. In Lezgin Soviet poetry, Aziz Alem refers to the theme «I» and «the World («universe»). This topic defi nes the essence of the dominant artistic and aesthetic positions of the known Lezgian poet, the carrier of the entire socio-cultural tensions of the 1960s – 1990s. If in Aziz Alem’s poetry of the 1960s the pole « Mir «represents an internally concentrated fi gurative structure affecting existential

Îáùåñòâî. Ñðåäà. Ðàçâèòèå Ðàçâèòèå Ñðåäà. Îáùåñòâî. meanings of human being, then in the 1990s» Mir « is included in the vital rhythms of its lyrical Self in the form 9 Chernoivanenko E. Literary process[9] in the historical and cultural context. Development and change of analysis historical theoretical century: XX ofthe 80s and 30s Konev period V.P. ofthe culture art Soviet [8] bor- onthe century. Dialogues twentieth ofthe literature V.V. Russian in Zamanskaya tradition Existential [7] Peo- Lezgin ofthe Consciousness ofEthno-Poetry Foundations Structural The Ballad. The S.A. Bedirkhanov [6] V. Russia). 1. From Dynamics the (Sociocultural Experience ofHistorical Criticism Russia: A.S. Akhiezer Moscow, 2013,[5] Lezg.) Stikhi]. p. 256 (in [Terpeniye vnozhnakh. Poems sheath. the in Patience Alem. Aziz [4] 1970, DKI, Lezg.) p. (in 80 luchey]. [Okhapka ofrays Makhachkala, Abunch Alem. Aziz 1978, Lezg.) p.[3] (in 64 Dagknigoizdat, sky[Vosmoye Eighth nebo]. Makhachkala, Alem. Aziz 1967, Lezg.) 55 p. (in Dagknigoizdat, [2] Makhachkala, oblaka]. [Belyye clouds White Alem. Aziz [1] 6 Savchuk V.V. [Mediafi ofreality Attack Mediaphilosophy. [6] Rus- to threats non-military promising most oneofthe as war V. Kovalev Yu. Behavioral A. I., Matvienko [5] [Voprosy Filosofi questions // Philosophy ispravedlivost’] [Istina justice Truth and I.A. Ivannikov [4] kontseptsii [Formirovanie state ofthe sovereignty concept ofinformation ofthe formation The A.A. Efremov [3] v voyna [Informatsionnaya Society Information the in I.Yu. Warfare A.P., Alekseeva Information Alekseev [2] 2014, Moscow, [Nagota]. p. Nudity G. 204 Grundrisse, Agamben [1] practices cultural confrontation, Key words: ofinfl obiect main the becomes being) (of human Imaginary The media. the in ofrationality ofnewtype adoption and practices ofnewcultural offormation grounds the considers article The process. contest the in violence tension, speed, high requires fun and passion including show itself ofthe structure the consumption media enforced the with linked closely is environment media the As ofrationality. ofnewtype assertion relations, ofimperious establisment practices, communicatio media ofthe environment newlyemerging The THE MEDIAASATERRITORYOFCULTURALPRACTICES:BATTLEFORIMAGINARY Key words: nation. condem- and surprise expressing signs in manifested are compositions strophic in which fragments, of separate MUSEUM programs. The leading intermuseum competitive practices are considered, for example, «The changing museum museum «The for example, considered, changing are practices competitive intermuseum leading The programs. competitive in expositions and exhibitions ofvirtual projects elements, interactive using projects exhibition built technologically present museums The communication. ofmuseum strategies creative and velopment ofmethods ofde- process catalyzing activity competitive project the in shown is exposition an conceptin interactive ofan tion scientifi particular, in institutions, ofcultural activities the in elements interactive ofincluding process active an is Nowadays there AND EXHIBITIONACTIVITYOFTHERUSSIANMUSEUMS INTERACTIVITY OFCOMPETITIVEPROJECTSASBASISMODERN EXPOSITION References: References: bibliotek_Buks/Culture/chernoiv/14.php vv.]. http://www.gumer.info/ ХІ–ХХ slovesnosti URL: vrusskoy soznaniya literaturno-khudozhestvennogo itipov literatury tipov ismena Razvitiye kontekste. vistoriko-kul’turnom protsess [Literaturnyy centuries ХІ–ХХ ofthe literature Russian the in consciousness artistic and ofliterary types and ofliterature types Kemerovo, 2004. ofdiss. /Author’s abstract analiz] istoricheskiy teoretiko veka: godov XX –kh –80 –kh 30 perioda kul’tura khudozhestvennaya [Sovetskaya granitsakh na Dialogi veka. ХХ literature russkoy v p. 304 Uchebnoye 2002, posobiye]. Nauka, stoletiy: Moscow, Flint; traditsiya [Ekzistentsialnaya Textbook centuries: of ders 2017, Razvitie.]. Sreda. Development. [Obschestvo. №3.pp. 26–29. godov] Environment. 1980-h // Society. 1960– `etnopo`eticheskogo naroda osnovam lezginskogo soznanija Kstrukturnym [Ballada. ple 1960–1980s 1997, p. Chronograph, 804 kbudushchemu]. Siberian shlogo The Novosibirsk, past to the future [Rossiya: kritika istoricheskogo opyta (Sotsiokul’turnaya dinamika Rossiya). T.1. Ot pro- ing house of Russian Christian Humanities Academy, 2013, 350p. Humanities Christian ofRussian house ing voyny]2016, [Informatsionnye vol. 4(40), pp. warfare 20–25. Information // Rossii] bezopasnosti ugroz nevoennykh perspektivnykh iz odna kak voyna [Povedencheskaya sia’s security vol. 3,pp. 5–15. [Pravo]. 2017, // Right gosudarstva] suvereniteta vol. 1,informatsionnogo pp. 201–215. [Voprosy Filosofi questions // Philosophy obshchestve] informatsionnom theme, I, the world, poetic creativity, Aziz Alem, 1960 – 1990th years. –1990th 1960 Alem, Aziz creativity, world, I, the poetic theme, image, imagination, simulation, mediamilieu, mediarationality, mediaanalytics, communication, communication, mediaanalytics, mediarationality, mediamilieu, simulation, imagination, image, Doctor of philosophical sciences, Associate Professor, Kuznetsov Naval Academy, Saint Petersburg; Petersburg; Academy, Naval Saint Kuznetsov Professor, Associate sciences, ofphilosophical Doctor candidate of cultural science, manager of department of a muzeologiya and document science, document and ofamuzeologiya ofdepartment manager science, ofcultural candidate c and stock, cultural and educational, exposition and exhibition work of museums. The crea- The work ofmuseums. exhibition and exposition educational, and cultural stock, c and competition, rivalry, confrontation are inevitable. The The inevitable. are confrontation rivalry, competition, losofi n represents a space of institution of new cultural ofnewcultural ofinstitution aspace n represents ya. Pristup real’nosti]. St. Petersburg, Publish- Petersburg, St. real’nosti]. Pristup ya. Altai state institute of culture, Barnaul; ofculture, institute state Altai i]. 2016, vol. 11, pp. 5–14. uence. e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: e-mail: [email protected] G.R. Khaydarova,G.R. D.E. Shorina, D.E. i]/ 2017, i]/ 189 Summary & References 190 in the changing world», «The scientifi c museum in the 21st century». Interpretation, comparison of their contents helps to reveal basic interactive elements in museum projects. Competition programs contribute to the develop- ment of key aspects of the contemporary exposition and exhibition work of museums, promoting to the formation of an interactive space where the visitor has an opportunity to be both an object and the subject. Key words: competition, museum project, interactivity, exposition and exhibition activities, museum interactive exhibition. References: [1] Volkovich A.Yu. A Museum Exposition As A Semiotic System [Muzejnaja jekspozicija kak semioticheskaja sistema]. Saint Petersburg, 1999. 23 p. [2] Dolac Ya. A Museum Exposition Is a Museum Communication [Muzejnaja jekspozicija – muzejnaja kommu- nikacija] // Questions of Museology [Voprosy museologii]. 2010, № 1, pp. 106–107. [3] Yeliner I.G. Interactivity as The Quintessence of a Multimedia Work [Interaktivnost’ kak kvintjessencija mul’timedijnogo proizvedenija] // Works of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture and Arts [Trudy Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta kul’tury i iskusstv]. 2013, vol. 200, pp. 19–23. [4] Karmanov A.V. Organization of an Interactive Museum Environment: From Methods to Models [Organ- izacija interaktivnoj muzejnoj sredy: ot metodov k modeljam] // Questions of Museology [Voprosy muse- ologii]. 2012, № 2, pp. 171–178. [5] Contest “Changing Museum in a Changing World” by Vladimir Potanin’ Charity Fund and Ministry of Cul- ture of Russian Federation [Konkurs «Menjajushhijsja muzej v menjajushhemsja mire» Blagotvoritel’nogo fonda V. Potanina, Ministerstva kul’tury Rossijskoj Federacii]. URL: http://www.bestmuseums.ru/index.php [6] Contest “Scientifi c Museum in the 21st century” by “The Dynasty”, Dmirty Zimine’s Fund [Konkurs «Nauch- nyj muzej v XXI veke» Fonda Dmitrija Zimina «Dinastija»]. URL: http://www.dynastyfdn.com/news/414 [7] Kopelyanskaya N.G. Museum Contests: From Factory of Stars to Star Wars [Muzejnye konkursy: ot fabriki zvezd k zvezdnym vojnam] // Museum Projections [Museinoe proektirovanie]. Moscow, 2009, pp. 118–143. [8] The Lexicon of Non-Classics. Artistic and Aesthetic Culture of the 20th century [Leksikon nonklassiki. Hu- dozhestvenno-jesteticheskaja kul’tura XX veka]. Мoscow, 2003, 607 p. [9] Lyashko A.V. The cultural interpretation of modern contest practices in Russia [Kul’turologicheskaja in- terpretacija sovremennoj konkursnoj praktiki v Rossii] // Society. Environment. Development [Obshhestvo. Sreda. Razvitie], 2012, № 3, pp. 123–128. [10] Medvedeva E. B. Interactivity in a Museum Space [Interaktivnost’ v prostranstve muzeja] // The Nizhny Novgorod Museum. Society. History. Culture [Nizhegorodskij muzej. Obshhestvo. Istorija. Kul’tura], 2008, № 16, pp. 118–119. [11] Simon N. The Participatory Museum [Participatornyj muzej]. Мoscow : Ad Marginem, 2017, 368 p. [12] Usanova O. Literary and Exhibition Project “The Tale About the Perm Krai” [Literaturno-vystavochnyj proekt «Skazka o Permskom krae»]. URL: http://es.slideshare.net/olgausanova/ ss-38324348 [13] Mikhail Prokhorov’s Fund [Fond Mihaila Prohorova]. URL: http://prokhorovfund.ru [14] Hannolainen D.P. Computer Art as a Problem of the Morphology of Art [Komp’juternoe iskusstvo kak prob- lema morfologii iskusstva]. Мoscow, 2015, 25 p. [15] Chesnokova M.V. Evolution of a Museum Exhibition as a Semiotic System [Jevoljucija muzejnoj jekspozicii kak znakovoj sistemy]. Saint Petersburg, 2010, 29 p. [16] Youkhnevich M. Yu. The Exposition Guide as a Method of Creating an Interactive Situation [Putevoditel’ po jekspozicii kak sredstvo sozdanija interaktivnoj situacii] // The Nizhny Novgorod Museum. Society. History. Culture [Nizhegorodskij muzej. Obshhestvo. Istorija. Kul’tura], 2008, № 16, pp. 121–123.

CULTURAL HERITAGE

D.V. Osipov, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected] NEW ATTRIBUTIONS OF SCULPTURES FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE DUKE MAXIMILIAN OF LEUCHTENBERG IN THE PALACE AND PARK ENSEMBLE «SERGIEVKA», PETERHOF The article presents a new attributions for nine statues of the former Duke Maximilian of Leuchtenberg meeting in the palace and park ensemble «Sergievka», Peterhof. For the fi rst time provides information about the work of the great masters of Western European art: Giovanni da Bologna («Mercury»), H.D. Rauch («Faith, Love, Hope»),

¹ 1’2018 H. Imgof («Jesus Christ and John the Baptist»). Five new attributions relating to copies of ancient statues.

Key words: Duke Maximilian of Leuchtenberg, the manor «Sergievka», the collection of sculptures, Giovanni da Bologna, H.D. Rauch, H. Imgof, copies of ancient statues, electroplating, shpiatr. References: [1] Androsov S.O. Sculptors and Russian collectors in Rome in the second half of the 18th century [Skul’ptory i russkie kollekcionery v Rime vo vtoroj polovine XVIII veka]. St. Petersburg, Dmitriy Bulanin, 2011, 274 p. [2] Geychenko S., Schultz P. Inventory of artistic works located on the territory of the estate b. Duke of Leuchten- berg. [Opis’ hudozhestvennyh proizvedenij, nahodjashhihsja na territorii imenija b. gercoga Lejhtenberg- skogo]. Composed 1924 v. Petergofskie museums, Inv. № 748, case № 35. 31 handwritten pages. [3] Gushin V.A. Leuchtenberg Palace. «Lost monuments of Peterhof. [Dvorec Lejhtenbergskogo. «Utrachennye pamjatniki Petergofa»]. – St. Petersburg, Old Peterhof [Staryy Petergof], 1999. 38 p. [4] Korenev L.I. Maximilian of Leuchtenberg and parovozostroenie [Maksimilian Lejhtenbergskij i parovozos-

Îáùåñòâî. Ñðåäà. Ðàçâèòèå Ðàçâèòèå Ñðåäà. Îáùåñòâî. troenie] // Science and Technology. Questions of history and theory. St. Petersburg, 1999. [13] Zolin P.M. Monuments – Homeland symbols in ideological and educational work of RCP(b) and Councils work Councils ofRCP(b) and educational and ideological in P.M. symbols Zolin Monuments[13] –Homeland by /Transl. T. Mos- Novikova. Putevoditel’] Parizhu: po [Progulki guide The Paris: across Walks Z. Desmon [12] Pe- St. Peterburga]. voinskoy slavy [Pamyatniki Petersburg ofSt. glory A.Yu. Gusarov Monuments ofmilitary [11] 2007, 352 Petersburg, p. St. prod. 5th nazvany?] tak [Pochemu called? E.P. so Hablo are Why K.S., Gorbachevich [10] V. 1982. Power in Utopia uvlasti]. [Utopiya 1. A. Leningrad, M., Nekrich Gtller [9] of Narochnitskaya the [Vnutrennyaya nation. solidarity Internal Natalia Interview with natsii. solidarnost’ [8] Krem- the in meeting ataceremonial report USSR». The ofthe 50anniversary the «About L.I. Brezhnev [7] Mos- kommunizma]. ismysl russkogo [Istoki Communism Russian of the Sense and Sources N.A. Berdyaev [6] / acommunism stop –to task main the Shesolved atall. process wasn’t economic Privatization Chubais: A. 1981, GVK]. [5] op. sh.191. 29, Leningradskogo [Arkhiv GVK Leningrad ofthe Archive GVK]. 1975,[4] op. sh.202. 29, Leningradskogo [Arkhiv GVK Leningrad ofthe Archive 1972, GVK]. [3] op. sh.229. 29, Leningradskogo [Arkhiv GVK Leningrad ofthe Archive 2007, 352 p. Press, onbyl]. Moscow, Gamma [2] –kakim Sobchak [Anatoliy hewas –what Sobchak Anatoly [1] Key words: calls. for modern readiness its and ofsociety ofunity overcome be sake to for the need interests momentary and Class Leningrad». «Besieged and Petersburg» St. «brilliant concepts the connect to realities, political and economic fi for modern city ofthe past heroic the adapt to tries Petersburg ofSt. «Elite» consciousness. political ofpatriotic for destruction state, modern of Part THE «REMOVED»HEROES.PROBLEMSOFMODERNTOPONYMY [15] Wikimedia Commons. URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glaube_Liebe_Hoffnung_Kirche_ oldPe- in ofLeuchtenberg Duke ofthe Palace ofthe research restoration and research and survey Technical [14] Pavlovskogo dvor- [Skul’ptura ofcollections. complete catalogue The Museum. of Pavlovsk Palace Sculpture [13] Pavlovskogo dvor- [Skul’ptura ofcollections. complete catalogue The Museum. of Pavlovsk Palace Sculpture [12] (histori- century 19th ofthe half second ofthe [11] D.V.Osipov Sergievka Manor ofDucal system Fountain and attribution shedevrov]. (Searches, utrachennyh D.V. Osipov [Vozvrashhenie [10] masterpieces oflost Return D.V. Osipov Scientifi [9] Pe- vStarom iSergievka dacha Novikov U.V. oldPeterhof. [Sobstvennaja in Sergievka and cottage Private [8] Scientifi fate. their and Sculptors O.A. Krivdina [7] Petersburg // St. Lejhtenbergskih] skul’ptur [Kollekcija ofsculpture collection Leuchtenberg O.A. Krivdina [6] ofBiological Sergievka Manor Park and ofLeuchtenberg Duke ofthe Palace ofthe Sculpture O.A. Krivdina [5] References: Abstract of diss. Leningrad, 1991. Leningrad, ofdiss. Abstract iSovetov (1917–1925 RKP(b) rabote (1917–1925) videyno-vospitatel’noy –simvoly Rodiny gg.)] / [Pamyatniki cow, 2010. FAIR, tersburg, [Paritet], Parity 2010, p. 400 2017, vedomosti]. [Sankt-Peterburgskie sheets November Petersburg // 3. St. Narochnitskoy] sNataliey Interv’yu 1971 21 s»ezdov dekabrya g.]. 1971. Dvortse Kremlevskom Moscow, Politizdat, lin Palace of Congresses on December 21, 1971cow, 224 [Nauka], 1990, p. Science [«O 50-letii SSSR». Doklad na torzhestvennom 18.02.2010.ru. https://forum-msk.org/material/economic/2493684.html URL: zasedanii v Forum.msk. gazeta] elektronnaya [Otkrytaya newspaper electronic 2001 Open god]// The samoleta, bortu na Chubaysom sAnatoliem /Interv’yu kommunizm –ostanovit’ zadachu glavnuyu reshala Ona protsessom. ekonomicheskim nebyla voobshche Chubays: Privatizatsiya 2001 [A. aboard, Chubais Anatoly with Interview Bad_Arolsen.jpg 1987. «Lenoblproekt», Institute Project Leningrad, I.M.Selujanova. project ofthe Architect Chief LSU. The of Institute Research Biological by the study, commissioned architectural and Petergofe] // Historical v Starom Lejhtenbergskogo dvorcu po gercoga izyskanija inauchno-restavracionnye obsledovanie [Tehnicheskoe terhof. Pavlovsk, 2011, Petersburg, St. serve. 152 p. Museum-pre- Pavlovsk ofPavlovsk State Park. Vol. kollekcij]. 2.Sculpture III.Iss. katalog Polnyj ca-muzeja. Pavlovsk, 2007,burg, 248 p. ca-muzeja. Polnyj katalog kollekcij]. Vol. III. Iss. 1. Sculpture. 2012, pp. 44–58. [Soyuz-Dizayn], Union Design bronzy)]. Petersburg, St. Pavlovsk State i kamnya Museum-preserve. iz pamyatnikov sokhraneniya (Problemy nebom otkrytym pod ages) [Muzey bronze and stone St. Peters- toricheskaja rekonstrukcija)] veka (is- XIX poloviny vtoroj Sergievka usad’by // velikoknjazheskoj sistema Museum [Fontannaja reconstruction) undercal the open sky. Problems of preservation of artefacts from the pp. 95–106. 2008, Design. Soyuz Wednesday. Petersburg, City St. the in sites monitoring and ofsculpture on restoration ofarticles collection Manor) // A Sergievka in ofLeuchtenberg Duke ofthe collection the from ofworks ofsculpture restoration Scientifi Biological St.Petersburg, ment. 1997, ichernoe]. [Beloe white pp. 132–177. and Vol. Black Petersburg. St. Petersburg, in 4.St. Monuments ofculture materials. and tergofe] // Research (3597), pp. issue 11–13. Special University. 2002, №20(3543), University. Petersburg // pp. 2000, St. 26–32. SPbGU] instituta Biologicheskogo Sergievka usad’by iparka Lejhtenbergskogo dvorca gercoga [Skul’ptura University State Petersburg ofSaint Institute biografi tvorcheskih rekonstrukcija Nauchnaja sud’by. iih [Vajateli century 19th ofthe half second and middle of the Siege of Leningrad, military patriotic education, historical vandalism, patriotism, toponymics. patriotism, vandalism, historical education, patriotic military ofLeningrad, Siege j rossijskih skul’ptorov serediny i vtoroj poloviny XIX veka]. St. Petersburg, Sudaryna, 2006, 662 p. 662 2006, Sudaryna, veka]. Petersburg, St. XIX poloviny ivtoroj serediny skul’ptorov j rossijskih c-historical essay [Nauchno-istoricheskij ocherk] // Park Sergievka-complex nature monu- nature ocherk] Sergievka-complex // Park [Nauchno-istoricheskij essay c-historical gures, scientists, writers and publicists of the «liberal» direction tries to use toponymics toponymics use to tries direction «liberal» ofthe publicists and writers scientists, gures, c Research Institute St.Petersburg State University, pp. 6–13. 2005, State St.Petersburg Institute c Research c reconstruction of creative biographies of Russian sculptors sculptors ofRussian biographies ofcreative c reconstruction e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: PhD, St. Petersdurg; St. PhD, P.I. Yakubenkov, P.I. 191 Summary & References 192 [14] Seleznyov G. Russia is under construction our love [Rossiya stroitsya nashey lyubov’yu] // Russian Federation today [RF segodnya]. 2004, № 12. [15] Sergeyev A. Whether it is worth renaming streets when there are new? [Stoit li pereimenovyvat’ ulitsy, kogda est’ novye?] // News of St. Petersburg [Novosti Peterburga]. 2018, № 224. [16] Startsev V.I. Storm Winter Palace [Shturm Zimnego]. Leningrad, Lenizdat, 1987, 136 p. [17] The black book of names, which not the place on the Russia map [Chernaya kniga imen, kotorym ne mesto na karte Rossii]. Мoscow, Posev, 2004. URL: RoyalLib.com

AXIOLOGICAL EXPERIENCE

S.I. Bogdanov, Doctor of Philology, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Education, rector, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint-Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected] K.S. Pigrov, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected]. K.V. Sultanov, honored worker of science of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Philosophy, professor, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint-Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected] THE CONCEPT OF MODERNITY. EXPERIENCE DIALOGICAL ANALYSTS The aim of the research presented in this article is to clarify the concept of modernity in the aspect of social and philo- sophical ideas about dialogue. Dialogues in society are busy agonistic character. Generational rivalry in society is pre- sented, in essence, a struggle for the appropriation of modernity. Modernity has not only temporal but also the spatial aspect of competition between the centers and the periphery. «Modern» – centers on the defi nition of «not modern» – periphery. Humanity in its national diversity not only can not achieve global unity, how many do not want it, «instinc- tively» to save space on the dialogue, which could compete more modern. In light of the growing discipline of «health culture» raises the question of health and disease (crisis) of modernity. The authors conclude that the current crisis is by its very nature, because its contents are innovative in nature dialogs in which to create the future of social reality. Key words: modernity, dialogue, institute of education, social time, innovations, Russia, center, periphery. References: [1] Biryukova G.M. Dialogue. Social and philosophical analysis [Dialog. Sotsial’no-fi losofskiy analiz] / Diss – St. Petersburg, 2000. [2] Health culture: general concept and types of social ill [Gigiyena kul’tury: obshchiy kontsept i vidy sotsial’nykh bolezney]. Moscow, Science [Nauka], 2016. – 282 p. [3] Mikhailova M.V. The aesthetics of the classic text [Estetika klassicheskogo teksta]. St. Petersburg, Aletheia, 2012, 296 p. [4] Smith A. The Wealth of Nations [Issledovaniye o prirode i prichinakh bogatstva narodov]. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoy literatury, 1962, 684 p. [5] Toynbee A.Dzh. Comprehension of history [Postizhenie istorii]. Мoscow, Progress, 1991, 736 p. [6] Schweitzer A. The Decline and Revival of Civic Culture [Upadok i vozrozhdenie kul’tury]. Мoscow, Prometej, 1993, 512 p. [7] Albrecht R. Sozialtechnologie Und Ganzheitliche Sozialphilosophie. Bonn, Bouvier Verlag, Herbert Grund- mann, 1979, 235 p. [8] Arendt H. Elemente und Ursprьnge totaler Herrschaft. Mьnchen–Zьrich, Piper, 1995. [9] Henry Ford: «History is bunk». URL: https://www.lingvolive.com/ru-ru/translate/ru-en/чепуха (21.09.16) [10] Technologies of self: A seminar with Michel Foucault. L., Tavistock, 1988, 166 р. A.A. Voscresensky, PhD in Philosophy science, Assistant lecturer, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint-Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected]

¹ 1’2018 V.А. Rabosh, Doctor of philosophical Sciences, Professor, honored worker of Higher School of Russia, Vice-Rector, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint-Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected] A.G. Sunyagina, Senior Lecturer, St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University Peter the Great, Russia, Saint-Petersburg; e -mail: [email protected] POST-MATERIAL VALUES OF GENERATION Z ON THE WAY TO THE SOCIETY OF KNOWLEDGE – TO STATEMENT OF A PROBLEM The work is devoted to posing the problem of postmaterial values with the means of social philosophy. The post- modern values formed in the late post-industrial society have a colossal infl uence on the content and reform of

Îáùåñòâî. Ñðåäà. Ðàçâèòèå Ðàçâèòèå Ñðåäà. Îáùåñòâî. value orientations and educational models aimed at modern youth, which is the main consumer of information [6] Hofman I. Representing oneself in other ways in everyday life [Predstavlenie sebya drugim v povsednevnoi vpovsednevnoi drugim sebya [Predstavlenie everyday life ways in other in oneself I.Representing Hofman [6] civiliza- ofits basis the as ofRussia mentality national ofthe V.V., Gorshkova Originality A.A. Melnikova [5] away as elite humanitarian ofthe formation the V.V., ofcivilization: Gorshkova crisis The A.A. Melnikova [4] Voronina T.P. essence, society: Information features, problems [Informatsionnoe obshchestvo: sushchnost’, [3] [2] Berezhnaya E.A., Melnikova A.A. Advertising as a form of intercultural communication: translation ofna- translation communication: ofintercultural aform as Advertising A.A. Melnikova E.A., Berezhnaya [2] pro- sphere ofsocial socioeconomic the in management ofsocial factor Anthropological O.A. Belenkova [1] visual image Key words: culture. his society, own his from individual of the dissociation the we observe aresult, As over social. the prevail to begins individual «We-identity» when and the of «I-identity» understanding traditional the in afailure to leads This realities. Russian to adapts trend, apurely Western as atendency:.individualism, is there itand to notpeculiar havior ofbe- standards and models the integrate to tendency the to subject is ofsociety culture the time, same the At Internet. infl their spreading guidelines, value-normative form to begin moment people-brands Due to the specifi INFORMATION CULTURE:APERSONALBRANDINTHECONTEXTOFFORMATIONIDENTITY [4] Mart’ janov V.S. Global modernist style, post-material values and perefi and values post-material style, modernist Global V.S. janov Mart’ // 2011, ONS. ichelovecheskij] [4] №3,pp.122–139. social’nyj [Kapital human and social D. Capital Koulman [3] [Sovremennoe Prospects Contradictions, Nature, Society: V.L.Inozemcev post-industrial Modern [2] development ofhuman Sequence democracy: and changes cultural Vecel’ V. R., Inglhart Modernization, [1] post-economics. society, post-industrial paradigms, tional Key words: 2002. since born z, generation ofthe –representatives education ofmodern participants main ofthe demand social emerging the to aresponse is which interaction, social and sociality ofpersonality, oldtypes the forms trans- newand creates that paradigm asocio-cultural as society knowledge the in systems educational in changes about talking allow that criteria clear establish to attempts makes V.S. and Martyanov Inglehart R. W. Strauss, N. theories Hou, socio-philosophical and ofsociological basis the On paradigm. ofanewvalue bearer the and [8] Hiks Dzh., Alen R. Revision of the theory of value [Peresmotr teorii cennosti] // Milestones of an economic thought. thought. economic an of Milestones // cennosti] teorii [Peresmotr value of theory the of Revision R. Alen Dzh., Hiks [8] [Voprosy fi questions // Philosophy istorii?] [Konec Man Last the and F. ofHistory End Fukujama The [7] of space educational in ofYare ofgeneration K.V., problems and Features Sultanov A.A. Voskresenskij [6] Approaches ofthe V.P., I.B., Solomin Differentiation Romanenko K.V. Capital: Human Sultanov and Social [5] References: References: zhizni]. Moscow, KANON-press-C; Kuchkovo Field, 2000, 304 p. 304 Kuchkovo Field,2000, Moscow, KANON-press-C; zhizni]. SPbGUP, Petersburg, St. 2016, delRF]. pp. 385–386. inostrannykh Ministerstvo nauk, Kongress peterburgskoi intelligentsii, Sankt-Peterburgskii universitet gumanitarnyi profsoyuzov, akademiya Rossiiskaya chteniya. nauchnye Likhachevskie Mezhdunarodnye interesy. XVI i natsional’nye vyzovy global’nye [Sovremennye Federation Russian ofthe ofForeign Affairs of Trade Ministry Unions, University Humanitarian Petersburg St. Intellectuals, Petersburg ofSt. Congress ofSciences, Academy sian // Modern global challenges andtional dynamics [Svoeobrazie national natsional’noi mental’nosti Rossii osnovanie kak ee tsivilizatsionnoi dinamiki] interests. XVI International Likhachev SPbGUP, Scientifi Petersburg, St. 2017, delRF]. pp. inostrannykh 319–320. profsoyuzov, Ministerstvo iskaya akademiya nauk, Kongress peterburgskoi intelligentsii, Sankt-Peterburgskii universitet gumanitarnyi Rossi- chteniya. nauchnye Likhachevskie Mezhdunarodnye budushchego. XVII ikontury vyzovy sdvigi, sistemnye mir: [Global’nyi Federation Russian ofthe ofForeign Affairs ofTrade Ministry versity Unions, Uni- Humanitarian Petersburg St. Intellectuals, Petersburg ofSt. Congress ofSciences, Academy Russian Scientifi Likhachev International XVII future. ofthe contours and challenges shifts, systemic peace: // tupika] Global iz vykhod kak elity gumanitarnoi formirovanie tsivilizatsii: [Krizis impasse out ofthe problem].cherty, Moscow, TsAGI, 1995, 110 p. SPbGUP, Petersburg, 2016, St. pp. 145–146. razvitiya]. iperspektivy sostoyanie mennoe sovre- iPR vRossii: [Reklama development and prospects state current the Russia: PR in and // Advertising tional values [Reklama kak forma mezhkul’turnoi kommunikatsii: translyatsiya natsional’nykh tsennostei] tsennostei] natsional’nykh translyatsiya kommunikatsii: mezhkul’turnoi forma kak [Reklama values tional 324 2003, Un-t, p. tech. oil Ufa state. house Publishing proizvodctva].Ufa, sfere obshchestvennogo vsotsiokhozyaistvennoi upravleniya sotsial’nogo faktor [Antropologicheskii duction postindustrial’noe obshhestvo: priroda, protivorechija, perspektivy]. Moscow, 2000, 304 p. 304 Moscow, 2000, perspektivy]. protivorechija, priroda, obshhestvo: postindustrial’noe 2011, [Novoe izdatel’stvo], house p. New 464 publishing Moscow, razvitija]. chelovecheskogo Posledovatel’nost’ idemokratija: izmenenija kul’turnye [Modernizacija, sa] / Ed. V.M. Gal’perina. St. Petersburg, Economic school [Ekonomicheskaja shkola]. 2000, pp. 117–141. shkola]. 2000, [Ekonomicheskaja school Economic Petersburg, St. sa] V.M. /Ed. Gal’perina. Tom mysli. [Vehi jekonomicheskoj demand 1. ispro- and TeorijaVolume ofconsumption potreblenija 1. Theory №3,pp 134–155.1990, 2015, №3,pp. Razvitie]. 150–154. Sreda. Development [Obshhestvo. Environment. Society. // Rossii] sovremennoj prostranstve Yvobrazovatel’nom iproblemy pokolenija [Osobennosti Russia modern 2015, №3,pp. Razvitie]. 102–106. Sreda. hestvo. Development [Obsh- Environment. podhodov] // Society. differenciacija kapital: ichelovecheskij [Social’nyj tps://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2014.01.06 iperefi cennosti postmaterial’nye modern, postmaterial values, economic man, theory of generations, knowledge society, generation Z, educa- identity, personal brand, information society, identity crisis, simulacrum, external representation, representation, external simulacrum, crisis, identity society, information brand, identity, personal cs of modern communications focused on virtual and network transmission of information, at the atthe ofinformation, network transmission and onvirtual focused communications ofmodern cs Post-graduate student, Saint Petersburg University of the Humanities and Social Sciences; Social and Humanities ofthe University Petersburg Saint student, Post-graduate rijnyj kapitalizm v Rossii] // Polis. 2014, // DOI: Polis. ht- vRossii] №1, pp. 83–98. kapitalizm rijnyj riyny capitalism in Russia [Global’nyj [Global’nyj Russia in capitalism riyny uence, especially through the the through especially uence, e-mail: [email protected] I.V. Maksimenko, c Readings. Rus- Readings. c c Readings. Readings. c losofi i]. i].

193 Summary & References 194 [7] Castells M. Information age: the economy of society and culture [Informatsionnaya epokha: ekonomika obshchestvo i kul’tura]. Moscow, State University Higher School of Economics, 2000, 608 p. [8] Kruglyanskaya L.Ya., Melnikova A.A. Interrelation of the foundations of Russian culture and gender arche- types in the context of civilization dynamics [Vzaimosvyaz’ osnovanii russkoi kul’tury i gendernykh arkhetipov v kontekste tsivilizatsionnoi dinamiki] // Historical, philosophical, political and legal sciences, culturology and art history. Questions of theory and practice [Istoricheskie, fi losofskie, politicheskie i yuridicheskie nauki, kul’turologiya i iskusstvovedenie. Voprosy teorii i praktiki]. Tambov, 2014, № 2–2, pp. 131–133. [9] Culture of the information society and the problem of modernization of Russia: collection of science Articles [Kul’tura informatsionnogo obshchestva i problemy modernizatsii Rossii: sb. nauch. Statei.]. Moscow, MSU Publishing House, 2011, 158 p. [10] Melnikova A.A. Norm and pathology in the culturological context [Norma i patologiya v kul’turologicheskom kontekste] // Nikonov readings. Electronic collection of scientifi c articles in 2 volumes [Nikonovskie chteniya. Elektronnyi sbornik nauchnykh statei v 2-kh tomakh]. Cheboksary, 2016, pp. 115–118. [11] Melnikova A.A. Universals of civilization vs. the deep foundations of Russian culture: reasons for confronta- tion [[Universalii tsivilizatsii vs. glubinnykh osnovanii russkoi kul’tury: prichiny protivostoyaniya] // Society. Wednesday. Development [Obshchestvo. Sreda. Razvitie], 2012, № 4, pp. 294–296. [12] Melnikova A.A. Language and socio-cultural reality [Yazyk i sotsial’no-kul’turnaya real’nost’] // Social psy- chology today: science and practice [Sotsial’naya psikhologiya segodnya: nauka i praktika]. St. Petersburg, SPbGUP, 2011, pp. 72–73. [13] Parygin B.D., Melnikova A.A. Integral Humanitarian Theory: Conceptualization of the Connection of Psy- chology with Culturology, Philosophy, Sociology and Linguistics [Integral’naya gumanitarnaya teoriya: kontseptualizatsiya soedineniya psikhologii s kul’turologiei, fi losofi ei, sotsiologiei i lingvistikoi] // Bulletin of the Leningrad State University A.S. Pushkin [Vestnik Leningradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. A.S. Pushkina]. V. 5, 2012, № 2, pp. 5–14. [14] Praet Van D. Unconscious branding: use of the latest achievements in neuroscience in marketing [Bessoznatel’nyi brending: ispol’zovanie v marketinge noveishikh dostizhenii neirobiologii]. Moscow, ABC Business [and others], 2014, 320 p. [15] Rampersad H.K. Authentic personal brand: sell yourself when no one is buying [Autentichnyj personal’nyj brend: prodaj sebja, kogda nikogo ne pokupajut]. Moscow, Olimp Business, 2016 (2015), 267 p. [16] Smolina T.L., Melnikova A.A. Psychology of cross-cultural adaptation [Psihologija kross-kul’turnoj adap- tacii]. St. Petersburg, Scythia, 2017, 304 p. [17] Sterledeva, T.D. The world of man in virtual reality [Mir cheloveka v virtual’noj real’nosti]. Perm’, Publishing house of Perm. State University, 2003, 334 p. [18] Traindl A. Mastery of retail branding [Masterstvo ritejl-brendinga]. Moscwo, Alpina Pablisher, 2013, 154 p. [19] Tulchinsky G.L. Total Branding: the mythology of the post-informational society. Brands and their role in modern business and culture [Total Branding: mifodizajn postinformacionnogo obshhestva. Brendy i ih rol’ v sovremennom biznese i kul’ture]. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg State, 2013, 280 p. [20] Chernykh AI Rituals and myths of the media [Ritualy i mify media]. Moscow; St. Petersburg, Center for Humanitarian Initiatives, 2015, 160 p. [21] Smolina T.L., Melnikova A.A. Auto-stereotypes of the Russians: psychological research // SENTENTIA. European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. 2017, № 3, pp. 62–70. [22] Smolina T.L., Melnikova A.A. How Russians View Themselves: Psychological Study of National Auto-Stere- otypes // Psychology and Psychoequipment [Psihologija i Psihotehnika]. 2017, № 4, pp. 15–22.

PEDAGOGICAL EXPERIENCE

R.V. Savinov, PhD in Philosophy, Senior Lecturer, St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, St. Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected] I.L. Phokin, Doctor in Science in Philosophy, St. Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected] DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN 18TH CENTURY: CENTRAL EUROPE UNIVERSITIES The article examine a development of Central-European universities in 18th century. Defi ned universities of this time was confront with non-academic intellectual institutions. Institutionally it raised a model of medieval uni- ¹ 1’2018 versity, with specifi c complex of faculties and programs. Thus academic science isolated upon the new science was madden of modern philosophers (Descartes, Leibniz etc), and educational courses don’t refl ect of fundamental changes in worldview was happens in 17th and 18th centuries. Role of universities termined some functions like examinations, degrees award. But universities have done socially legitimized knowledge, and it was reformed in 18th century. Development of European Universities determined fundamentally becoming of Russian high educa- tion and formation of Russian Universities. Key words: «ancien régime», universities, education, Age of Enlightenment, Early Modern, reforms, conservatism. References: [1] Andreev A.Yu. Russian Universities in 18th and 1 half of 19th centuries in context of history of European universities [Rossiyskie universitetyi XVIII – pervoy polovinyi XIX veka v kontekste universitetskoy istorii Evropyi]. Moscow: Jaziki slavianskich kultur Publ., 2009, 649 p.

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SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY

A.A. Golovinsky, candidate of psychological sciences, associate professor, Military Naval academy of a name of the Admiral fl eet Soviet Union N. G. Kuznetsov, Saint-Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected] Y.V. Grigoryeva, candidate of cultural studies, associate professor, Military Naval academy of a name of the Admiral fl eet Soviet Union N. G. Kuznetsov, Saint-Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected] M.I. Nuzha, candidate of philosophical sciences, associate professor, Military Naval academy of a name of the Admiral fl eet Soviet Union N. G. Kuznetsov, Saint-Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected] HEURISTIC POTENTIAL OF A CONCEPT «ENTROPY» IN A RESEARCH OF SOCIOCULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MILITARY COLLECTIVE The article analyses the term «entropy», the prospects of its use for studying social and cultural characteristics of military collective. An application of entropy method to a research of military collective are described by the au- ¹ 1’2018 thors. Calculations of entropy as uncertainty measures (disorder, randomness) systems are analyzed by studying various military divisions. Any left to itself system gets disorganized, loses part of its energy, and therefore its en- tropy increases. In the article are analysed the directions of decrease in the increasing uncertainty of a condition of military collective, and, therefore, increase in orderliness and military discipline. Thus, a military collective should be considered as a self-organizing system capable to exchange its activity with the environment, energy and information and seeking to reduce internal chaos by employing the information from an external source. The application of the laws of thermodynamics borrowed from natural sciences has a high heuristic potential for humanitarian and social knowledge. Key words: entropy, military collective, self-organized system, social group, personal interest. References: [1] Big encyclopedic dictionary [Bol’shoi entsiklopedicheskii slovar’]. Moscow, «Big Russian Encyclopedia»

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V.A., Kryukov Rumyantsev [7] biosphere [Iskopaemye ofevolution ofthe stages early and sedimentogenesis A.Yu., Rozanov bacteria, Fossil [6] avtobiografi [Genom: chapters 23 in species autobiography Genome: M. Ridley [5] GLOBAL ECOLOGICAL CRISIS: MYTHS AND REALITY [41] Shuper V.A. Development of theoretical ideas in the fi [44] Yakovlev V.A. Metaphysics: heuristic programs and principles of science [Metafi ofscience principles and [44] programs Yakovlev V.A. Metaphysics: heuristic ofForeign House Moscow, Publishing vkibernetiku]. [Vvedenie cybernetics to [43] U.R. Introduction Ashby ge- vteoreticheskoj prostranstvo [Harakternoe geography theoretical in space Shuper V.A. Acharacteristic [42] [4] Perminova I.V. Perminova classifi Analysis, [4] or- 1cianobakterij: [Fotosistema function and N.V. organization Karapetyan 1ofcyanobacteria: Photosystem [3] biofi in V.V., Drucker function their and Bacteriophages A.S. Gorshkov [2] [Issle- organisms on aquatic nanoparticles ofsilver effects oftoxic modeling N.B. and Study Abramenko [1] infl have different shapes geometric different of polymers synthetic and ofmetals Nanoparticles environment. ofthe properties on depend the BAD and GMOs of ofproduction country the in restrictions use The processes. roleofabiotic leading due the to of atmosphere ofoxygenization growth conceptofthe the and ago years billion 3.5–3.8 oxygen photosynthesis ofthe beginning the about ofview point common previous to contrary is This Sericytochromatia). (Melainabacteria, cyanobacteria of acceleration newclasses two were opened analysis, ofmetagenomic methods (Oxyphotobacteria) cyanobacteria photosynthetic with Along useless. considered recently, was until DNA and, non-coding is (98.5%) nucleotide the fi the in research fornew need the stimulates Sciences natural ofthe achievements main ofthe some in ofparadoxes presence The PARADOXES OFECOLOGYINNOVATIVETECHNOLOGIES Key words: partially. determined be only can future foreseeable the in notestablished still is processes, natural of regulators as substances ofhumic structure molecular Accurate ofmicroorganisms. walls cell ofthe pores the of properties physico-chemical on the depends bacteria gram-negative and gram-positive against nanoparticles academician of RAS, doctor of geographical Sciences, Professor, scientifi Professor, Sciences, ofgeographical doctor ofRAS, academician References: grammy i principy nauki] // Philosophy of Science [Filosofi ofScience // Philosophy nauki] iprincipy grammy Evolvability in a Escherichia coli Population // Science. 2011, // Science. Population coli v. 331, aEscherichia in Evolvability pp. 1433–1436. 2017, // Science. Cyanobacteria in v. 355, respiration pp.aerobic 1436–1440. DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00076 2017. Diseases. Infectious // ACS Selectivity Selectivity and Activity Nanostructure-Dependent Reveal bials v. 135. biologii], sovremennoj 2015, [Uspekhi pp. №2, biology 115–127. ofmodern // Successes cianobakterij] nauk], v. 473. 2017, Akademii [Doklady Sciences pp. №6, 724–727. of ofAcademy sapropelya] // Reports veshchestv guminovyh svojstv [Unikal’nost’ sapropel ofthe stances 2016, №3,pp. 120–124. Razvitie]. Sreda. [Obshchestvo. Development. Environment. // Society. novoj produkcii] ibezopasnost’ ehffektivnost’ unikal’naya sapropelya, effi unique version ofsapropel, nauk], v. 82.2012,akademii pp. №6, 552–557. Rossijskoj [Vestnik ofSciences Academy Russian vodoemov] ofthe // Herald cveteniya regulyatory yarnye pp. №6, 41–49. 2003, zhurnal]. [Paleontologicheskij journal // biosfery]. Paleontological ehvolyucii stadii irannie sedimentogenez bakterii, 432 p. 2008, Eksmo, Moscow, 359 p. MSU, Sciences. chem. 2000, Doc. /Thesis kislot] gumusovyh svojstv prognoz Literature [Izdatel’stvo inostrannoy literatury], 1959, p. 254 literatury], inostrannoy [Izdatel’stvo Literature ografi ografi geografi Seriya RAN. [Izvestiya series graphic Ageo- ofSciences. Academy Russian ofthe // Proceedings analiza] prostranstvennogo voblasti stavlenij ganizaciya i funkcii] // Successes of biological chemistry [Uspekhi biologicheskoj himii]. 2001, v. himii]. 41, biologicheskoj pp. 39–76. [Uspekhi chemistry ofbiological // Successes ifunkcii] ganizaciya v. EHkologiya], 5. Biologiya. 2012, №3,pp.Seriya: 8–16. Irkutskogo GU. [Izvestiya Biology. University. Ecology Series: State ofIrkutsk // vbioplenkah] Bulletin anie University, nauk]. Moscow 2017, ,Moscow state him. kand. 122 p. [Dissertaciya Sciences chem. Cand. /Thesis gidrobiontah] na serebra nanochastic dejstviya toksicheskogo imodelirovanie dovanie cheskaya]. 2014, №4,pp. 5–15. i] // Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A geographic series [Izvestiya RAN. Seriya ge- Seriya RAN. [Izvestiya series Ageographic ofSciences. Academy Russian ofthe i] // Proceedings ecology, paradox, gene, photosynthesis, nanoparticles, biocompatibility nanoparticles, gene, photosynthesis, ecology, paradox, eld of ecology. The human genome contains 20–25 thousand active genes, and the remainder of remainder the and genes, active thousand 20–25 genome contains human The eld ofecology. ciencyand safety of new products [Innovacionnaya tekhnologiya pererabotki pererabotki tekhnologiya [Innovacionnaya ofnew products safety ciencyand cation and prediction of properties of humic acids [Analiz, klassifi doctor of chemical Sciences, chief researcher, INES of RAS, St. Petersburg; St. ofRAS, INES researcher, chief Sciences, ofchemical doctor uence on the bacteria. The biological activity of spherical, fl ofspherical, activity biological The bacteria. uenceonthe cheskaya]. 2011, №3,pp. 7–16. eld of spatial analysis [Razvitie teoreticheskih pred- teoreticheskih [Razvitie analysis eld ofspatial ya nauki]. 2013, nauki]. ya №1, pp. 3–19. owering bodies of water [Supramolekul- water of bodies owering c Director, INES of RAS, St. Petersburg; St. ofRAS, INES c Director, lms [Bakteriofagi i ih funkcionirov- iih [Bakteriofagi lms e -mail: [email protected] e -mail: ya vida v 23 glavah]. Moscow, Moscow, glavah]. 23 v vida ya zika: ehvristicheskie zika: pro- e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: V.A. Rumyantsev, V.A. L.N. Kryukov, kaciyai at, at, rod 199 Summary & References 200 N.V. Lovelius, PhD, professor, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint-Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected] A.Ju. Retejum, PhD, professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow; e-mail: [email protected] THE SOLAR SYSTEM CYCLES IN THE ARCTIC The authors consider the connection between solar cycles and the Solar system motion and present some exam- ples of their infl uence on the Arctic nature. Key words: 11-year cycles, 179-year cycles, the Arctic, the growth of trees, abundance of deer. References [1] Lovelius N.V. Solar activity impact on the climate and the environment of reindeers in Taimyr [O vliya- nii solnechnoi aknivnosty na factory sredy obitania (na primerah gidrometeorologicheskih elementov I pogolovia oleney Taimyra)] //Society. Environment. Development [Obshestvo,Sreda, Razvitie]. 2006, № 1, pp. 61–69. [2] Lovelius N.V. The Reindeer – natural resource of indigenous people in Taimyr [Olen – prirodnuy resurs korennuh narodov Taimyra] // Proc. of annual international conference, LXV Herzen meeting [Materialy ezhegodnoi mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-practycheskoi konferenzii. LXV Herzenovskie chtenia, posviashen- nue 215-letiu Herzenovskogo universiteta i 80-letiu fakulteta geografi i, 19–21 aprelia 2012 g.]. St. Peterburg, Asterion, pp. 60–63. [3] Lovelius N.V., Rerejum A.Yu. Fluctuations growth larch in the sparse growth of trees northern taiga on the most northern forestall island of «Ari-Mas» [Kolebania rosta listvennizy v redkolesii severnoi taigi i samom severnov lesnom ostrove «Ary-Mas»] // Society. Environment. Development [Obshestvo,Sreda, Razvitie]. 2011, № 1,pp. 239–243. [4] Lassen K., Thejll P. Multi-decadal variation of the East Greenland Sea-Ice Extent: AD 1500–2000 // Scientifi c Report 05–02. Danish Meteorological Institute, 2005. N.V. Lovelius, PhD, professor, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint-Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected] FACTORS OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND POSSIBILITY OF THEIR USE FOR PREDICTIONS OF ABNORMAL HIGH WATERS OF ENISEI Dudinka (1935) allows to defi ne the most long series of observations behind water levels around seaport years of their highest and naboly low levels. For them average monthly distribution of factors of the environment is defi ned: solar and geomagnetic activity, galactic space beams, circulation of the atmosphere in the northern hemisphere, the air temperature and rainfall in days of opposite abnormal high waters. On average monthly distribution of factors of the environment there is an opportunity with advance time in several months to predict an abnormal high water in Dudinka. Сonclusions: Thus, the distribution of space and terrestrial fac- tors with a certain degree of reliability can predict the level of impending fl oods. Information on the level of the next high water is of great practical importance for economic activity within the coastal territories of the Enisei. Key words: water levels, high waters, solar and geomagnetic activity, temperature, rainfall, galactic space lch, circulation atmospheres. References: [1] A.G. Kizim’s archive and Taimyr museum of local lore [Arhiv A.G. Kizima i Tajmyrskogo kraevedcheskogo muzeja]. Dudinka. [2] Archive of observations of a meteorological station Dudinka in Taimyr museum of local lore. [3] Archive of the doctor of physical and mathematical sciences V.A. Dergachyov [Arhiv doktora fi z.-mat. nauk V.A. Dergachjova]. St. Petersburg. [4] Kononova N.K. Classifi cation of circulating mechanisms of the northern hemisphere by B.L. Dzerdzeevsky’s typifi cation [Klassifi kacija cirkuljacionnyh mehanizmov severnogo polusharija po tipizacii B.L. Dzerdzeevsko- go]. Moscow, 2009, 372 p. [5] Levi K.G., Zadonina N.V., Yazev S.A., Voronin V.I., Naurzbayev M.M., Hantemirov R.M. Heliogeodynam-

¹ 1’2018 ics: Natural aspects of global solar minima. Chronology [Geliogeodinamika: Prirodnye aspekty global’nyh solnechnyh minimumov. Hronologii]. Irkutsk: Publishing house of IRGTU, 2012, 511 p. [6] Enisei River. URL: http://www.protown.ru/information/hide/2500.html [7] Stozhkov Yu.N., Svirzhevsky N.S., Bazilevskaya G.A., etc. Streams of space beams in an absorption curve maximum in the atmosphere on border of the atmosphere (1957 – 2007) [Stozhkov Ju.N., Svirzhevskij N.S., Bazilevskaja G.A. i dr. Potoki kosmicheskih luchej v maksimume krivoj pogloshhenija v atmosfere na granice atmosfery (1957 – 2007)]. Moscow, 2007, 77 p. Îáùåñòâî. Ñðåäà. Ðàçâèòèå Ðàçâèòèå Ñðåäà. Îáùåñòâî. [17] Handbook on the USSR climate, issue. 26 (Primorsky Krai), part III (Wind) [Spravochnik po klimatu SSSR, SSSR, klimatu po [Spravochnik (Wind) III part Krai), (Primorsky 26 issue. climate, USSR the on Handbook [17] Snow Precipitation. air. [Spra- II(the soil) Temperature and part of air Krai), the 26(Primorsky issue. of climate, USSR on the Handbook [16] (humidity IV part Krai), (Primorsky 26 issue. climate, USSR the on Handbook [15] and balance radiation radiation, 1(Solar part Krai), 26(Primorsky Issue. climate, USSR on the Handbook [14] part V.V., // Nikol’skaya Southern rayonirovanie] [13] V.P. [Prirodnoe Chichagov Zoning D.A., Timofeev Natural Scientifi [12] South ofthe provinces V.V. Nikolskaya geographical development and [11] the ofphysical in trends natural On [Estest- Priamurye and Primorye South in change vegetation human-induced and Natural G.E. Kurentsova [10] [7] Short geographical encyclopedia [Kratkaya geografi [Kratkaya encyclopedia geographical Short [7] [9] Korotkij A.M., Korobov V.V., Skrylnikov G.P. Anomalous natural processes and their infl Korobov V.V., their A.M., and Korotkij processes natural G.P. Anomalous Skrylnikov [9] kraya] // Ma- Primorskogo rayonirovanie [Prirodnoe region Primorsky ofthe B.P. Kolesnikov zoning Natural [8] prirodnogo [Fond «Okhrana heritage» ofnatural // Found Bikin] «Protection reki [Dolina valley river Bikin [6] [Spisok list.) (tentative world heritage ofUNESCO List // The Bikin] reki [Dolina river ofBikin valley The [5] Vostoka]. Dal’nego chast’ [Yuzhnaya Far East ofthe part // Southern [Klimat] Climate G.N. The Vitvitsky [4] 2017, Moscow, zapreshchena]. V.N. [Okhota Ontoprint, prohibited is Hunting p. Bocharnikov 294 [3] opyt [Bikin: resources and biodiversity conditions, ofnatural assessment integrated in experience Bikin: [2] Moscow, SSSR]. MSU, 1956, 128 p. [Klimat USSR ofthe B.P. Climate Alisov [1] NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Key words: (a cover, forest vegetation others.). density, and and roleofridges) atype, barrier formation on separate sites are created by relief infl trans- climatic and differentiation considerable 1969). The (Vitvitsky, cloudiness ofraised ofconditions formation ofcyclonic domination activity, of winds with the southern points and frequent and entrance masses, of damp air by characterized itis summer by in coldwinter, whereas characterized itis and winds continental western «dry» to infl the under is regime meteorological and circulating, have defi (G.N.Vitvitsky, ofinfl features 1969). The (B.P. 1956); area Pacifi 2) the Alisov, food in a monsoonal gionalization, it is located: 1) in a moderate(the climatic settlement belt on the east Rodnikovaya; margin of Eurasiative meteorological (the an stations, representa- ontwo southern absolute observations i.e. ofregular Ulunga sub-area (the materials the to according settlement height of prov- characterized are Okhotnichy; ofclimate features The is an absolute 246 height m.). physical-geographical (a is 763 m.) Alin In and Gantsanza agreement Sikhote system (B.P.Kolesnikov, forests V.V. mountain ince, mixed 1958). ofthe with area height Asian East the to middle the Nikolsky, referrers 1969) and etal., the of accepted macro-slope grids western the ofwithin climatic re- infl right-bank (one basic ofthe watershed River Bikin ofthe lower upper and the parts occupies territory considered The THE MAINFEATURESOFCLIMATEBIKINNATIONALPARK PhD, senior researcher, associate Professor, leading research associate, Pacifi associate, research Professor, leading associate researcher, senior PhD, ows of the Ussuri River). It is located in the north of Primorskii Krai (46˚15 Krai ˚45N.; ′–46 135˚15 ofPrimorskii north the in ′–135˚45 River). It located is Ussuri ows ofthe E.) References: vyp. 26 (Primorskiy kray), ch. III (Veter)]. Leningrad, Hydrometeorological publishing house, 1967, house, 192 publishing p. Hydrometeorological kray), III(Veter)]. ch. Leningrad, 26(Primorskiy vyp. 220p. 1966, house, publishing Hydrometeorological ipochvy)]. Leningrad, vozdukha kray), II(Temperatura ch. 26(Primorskiy vyp. SSSR, klimatu po vochnik 240 p. 1968, house, publishing Hydrometeorological pokrov)]. Snezhnyy Leningrad, osadki. Atmosfernye vozdukha. (Vlazhnost’ kray), IV ch. 26(Primorskiy vyp. SSSR, cover.) klimatu po [Spravochnik 192 1966, p. house, publishing Hydrometeorological siyanie)]. Leningrad, isolnechnoe balans sionnyy radiat- radiatsiya, kray), 1 (Solnechnaya ch. 26(Primorskiy vyp. SSSR, klimatu po [Spravochnik sunlight) Vostoka]. Dal’nego Moscow, [Nauka], 1969, pp. chast’ 301–344. Science [Yuzhnaya Far East of the 416 1988, p. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1–6]. kray), chasti morskiy 26(Pri- dannye), vyp. 3(Mnogoletnie Seriya SSSR. klimatu po spravochnik [Nauchno-prikladnoy 1–6 parts Vostoka]. [Nauka], 1974, Science Novosibirsk, 127 p. fi razvitiya tendentsiyakh [O estestvennykh Far East of the ka], 1973, 231 p. [Nau- Science Novosibirsk, iYuzhnogo Priamur’ya]. Primor’ya vennye smeny rastitel’nosti iantropogennye 2011, Vostoka]. Dalnauka, p. 265 Dal’nego rossiyskogo Vladivostok, yuga geosistem sostoyanie na vliyanie iikh protsessy prirodnye [Anomal’nye Far East ofRussian South ofthe geosystems the Moscow, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1958, pp. 206–250. Moscow, ofSciences, Academy USSR fi po [Mat-ly Far East ofthe South ofthe geography on physical terials 1961,pedia, p. 592 naslediya»]. URL: www.nhpfund.ru/fi russian-sites.html http://www.nhpfund.ru/world-heritage/ spisok.)]. URL: YuNESKO (Predvaritel’nyy naslediya vsemirnogo Moscow, 1969, pp. 70–96. Science, 1997, 156 p. Dalnauka, iresursov]. Vladivostok, usloviy, bioraznoobraziya prirodnykh kompleksnoy otsenki Primorskii Krai, Sikhote Alin, Bikin, climate, continentality, oceanity. continentality, climate, Bikin, Alin, Sikhote Krai, Primorskii c and applied guide to the climate of the USSR. Series 3 (long-Term data), vol. 26 (Primorsky Krai), Krai), 3(long-Term Series vol. 26(Primorsky data), USSR. ofthe climate the to guide applied c and ned that continental climate with the monsoon features formed there. So, the winter winter the So, there. formed features monsoon the with climate continental that ned uence of the Asian anticyclone, against the general background relatively relatively background general the against anticyclone, Asian uence ofthe uence of the main climate-forming factors and processes i.e. radiating i.e. radiating processes and factors climate-forming main uence ofthe les/bikin-river-valley-nomination-ru.pdf Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok; ofSciences, Academy Russian ofthe Branch Eastern uence (the distinction of expositions, differences of heights, the the ofheights, differences ofexpositions, uence (the distinction cheskaya entsiklopediya], vol. 2. Moscow, Soviet encyclo- c area of a moderate zone in the Amur-Ussuriisky area area Amur-Ussuriisky the in zone ofamoderate c area ziko-geografi zich. zich. geografi cheskikh provintsiy yuga Dal’nego c Geographical Institute of the Far ofthe Institute c Geographical e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: i yuga Dal’nego Vostoka]. uence on the state of state uence onthe G.P. Skrylnik, 201 Summary & References 202 [18] Handbook on the USSR climate, issue. 26, (Primorsky Krai), part V (Atmospheric phenomena) [Spravochnik po klimatu SSSR, vyp. 26, (Primorskiy kray), ch. V (Atmosfernye yavleniya)]. Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 1969, 240 p. S.V. Kryukova, Candidate of Sciences, Associate Professor, Russian State Hydrometeorological University, Saint-Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected] T.E. Simakina, Candidate of Sciences, Associate Professor, Russian State Hydrometeorological University, Saint-Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected] ESTIMATION OF SPATIAL INTERPOLATION METHODS FOR METEOROLOGICAL DATA The 9 interpolation methods included in the widespread spatial data processing package Surfer on a typical array of meteorological data were tested. The average monthly values of te☺mperature, humidity and pressure were used as the initial values, as well as the amount of precipitation for November 2016 for 50 stations in the north- western Russian Federation part measuring 10x10°. The comparative characteristics of the constructed isolines are given and the accuracy of interpolation by each algorithm is calculated using the cross-validation method. The dependence of the constructed fi eld’s accuracy on the variability of initial parameters in space is established, which allows estimating the expected interpolation error before the interpolation procedure is performed. Key words: interpolation, inverse distance method, minimum curvature, natural neighbor, polynomial regression, local polynomials, radial basis functions, kriging, Shepard’s modifi ed method, triangulation, cross-validation References: [1] Demyanov V.V., Saveleva E.A. Geostatistics: theory and practice [Geostatistika: teoriya i praktika] / Ed. R.V. Harutyunyan; Institute of Safe Development of Nuclear Energy RAS. Moscow, Science [Nauka], 2010, 327 p. [2] Kanevsky M.F., Demyanov V.V., Saveleva E.A., Chernov S.Yu., Timonin V.A. Elementary introduction to geostatistics [Elementarnoye vvedeniye v geostatistiku] // Problems of the environment and natural resources [Problemy okruzhayushchey sredy i prirodnykh resursov]. Moscow, VINITI, № 11, 1999, 136 p. [3] Kapralov E.G., Koshkarev A.V., Tikunov V.S. and others. Geoinformatics [Geoinformatika] / Ed. V.S. Tiku- nov. Moscow, Academy, 2005, 480 p. [4] Kryukova S.V., Kuznetsov A.D., Simakina T.E. Optimization of the environmental control network in St. Pe- tersburg [Optimizatsiya seti ekologicheskogo kontrolya v g. Sankt-Peterburge] // Heterogeneous systems and processes in natural and technogenic environments. Atmospheric ecology. Geteris-2017. 28, 29 November, 2017. Abstracts of the international scientifi c conference [Geterogennyye sistemy i protsessy v prirodnykh i tekhnogennykh sredakh. Atmosfernaya ekologiya. Geteris-2017. 28, 29 noyabrya 2017. Tezisy mezhdunarod- noy nauchnoy konferentsii]. St. Petersburg, VVM Publishing House, 2017, p. 96. [5] Maltsev К.А., Muharamova S.S.. Construction of spatial variables models (with the Surfer package appli- cation) [Postroyeniye modeley prostranstvennykh peremennykh (s primeneniyem paketa Surfer)]. Kazan: Kazan University, 2014, 103 p. [6] Weather schedule [Raspisaniye pogody]. URL: https://rp5.ru [7] Savelyev A.A., Muharamova S.S., Pilyugin A.G. Spatial analysis in raster geoinformation systems [Prostranst- vennyy analiz v rastrovykh geoinformatsionnykh sistemakh]. Kazan’, Publishing house of Kazan University, 2007, 30 p. [8] Savelyev A.A., Muharamova S.S., Pilyugin A.G., Chizhikova N.A. Geostatistical analysis of data in ecolo- gy and nature management (with the use of package R) [Geostatisticheskiy analiz dannykh v ekologii i prirodopol’zovanii (s primeneniyem paketa R)]. Kazan’, Publishing house of Kazan University, 2012, 120 p. [9] Skvortsov A.V. Delaunay triangulation and its application [Triangulyatsiya Delone i yeyo primeneniye]. Tomsk, Publishing house Tom. University, 2002, 128 p. [10] Skvortsov A.V., Mirza N.S. Algorithms for constructing and analyzing triangulation [Algoritmy postroyeniya i analiza triangulyatsii]. Tomsk, Publishing house Tom. University, 2006, 168 p.

URBAN ENVIRONMENT

I.V. Makeev, postgraduate student, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia; general manager, ¹ 1’2018 Shipping company «Odisseya», Saint-Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected] INLAND PASSENGER WATER TRANSPORT OF SAINT-PETERSBURG. IN SEARCH OF GROWTH POINTS Comprehensive analysis of present state of water passenger transport in Saint-Petersburg is considered to achieve aims for searching its new growth points. This article, based on variety of statistical methods, shows problem situations with the brake effect for the shipowners: problem of water consumption, lack of infrastructure de- velopment, planned work of clearing sediment and etc. In this article based on using cartographic material is described different water ways divided into 4 categories and analysed. Also author revealed the reasons of rapid growth in this service: from the increase in domestic tourism to changes in legislation. High practical relevance of this article is strategic steps for further development of water tourism in Saint-Petersburg. Key words: water urban transport, Association of the city shipowners, the passenger transportation, river and

Îáùåñòâî. Ñðåäà. Ðàçâèòèå Ðàçâèòèå Ñðåäà. Îáùåñòâî. canals, waterways of Saint-Petersburg. [10] Statistics. Tourist market development [Statistika. Razvitie turistskogo rynka] // Offi rynka] turistskogo Razvitie Tourist development market [Statistika. Statistics. [10] http://www. Evropy!]. gorod URL: –luchshiy [Sankt-Peterburg ofEurope city best –the Saint-Petersburg [9] [Sankt-Pe- Russia in I.V. Makeev development transport ofthe ofriver centers oneofthe as Petersburg St. [8] vSankt- turizma vodnogo I.V. [O Makeev razvitii Petersburg St. in development tourism the ofwater On [7] [6] Makeev I.V. On the “shortage” of water space for the development of tourism in St. Petersburg [O «nehvatke» Petersburg I.V. St. in Makeev development for the space oftourism ofwater “shortage” the On [6] of prospects and state current capital: sea the in transport water Fedorova passenger E. 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St. method, air, «decision-tree» pheric Key words: costs, while maintaining reliability labor at a minimize high to allows enough which data, level. oforiginal availability and simplicity method: proposed ofthe advantages new. the Note fundamentally is of«decision-tree» form the in air ofatmospheric ofpollution forecast of the way. expert Method an of«decision-tree» form the in pollution level ofair the for forecasting developto amethod allowed factor, which inertial the and process SYNOPTIC from pollution level ofair ofthe formation ence ofthe depend- work Voeikovo. the the was station atthe During Coordinated)) Time (universal 12:00 UTC and (00:00 reviewed study, the of framework the 2014 In to 2006 the data from on the period vertical the profi during Petersburg), St. (within 26063 tion sta- atthe made observations ofmeteorological data urgent treated and work ofthe studied objective the achieve To method. «decision-tree» to according Petersburg ofSt. air ofatmospheric level ofpollution expected the determine to ofschemes creation pollution ofair offorecast method develop to amodern is ofthis purpose The THE LEVELOFAIRPOLLUTIONURBANENVIRONMENT IMPLEMENTATION OF“DECISION-TREE”METHODTOFORECASTING References: References: visit-petersburg.ru/ru/news/1396/ 519–521.pp. 2016, ofRussia, University Pedagogical State Herzen Petersburg, St. irazvitie]. sohranenie issledovanija, mezhdisciplinarnye nasledie: ikul’turnoe development and [Prirodnoe conservation research, disciplinary inter- heritage: cultural and // Natural vRossii] transporta rechnogo centrov razvitija iz odin kak terburg 2016, ofRussia, pp. University 138–141. 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