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Accelerating the Development of the Australian Custard Apple Industry

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Accelerating the Development of the Australian Custard Apple Industry Accelerating the Development of the Australian Custard Apple Industry Grant Bignell The Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Qld Project Number: CU11000 CU11000 This report is published by Horticulture Australia Ltd to pass on information concerning horticultural research and development undertaken for the custard apple industry. The research contained in this report was funded by Horticulture Australia Ltd with the financial support of: The Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Qld the custard apple industry All expressions of opinion are not to be regarded as expressing the opinion of Horticulture Australia Ltd or any authority of the Australian Government. The Company and the Australian Government accept no responsibility for any of the opinions or the accuracy of the information contained in this report and readers should rely upon their own enquiries in making decisions concerning their own interests. ISBN 0 7341 3344 8 Published and distributed by: Horticulture Australia Ltd Level 7 179 Elizabeth Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 8295 2300 Fax: (02) 8295 2399 © Copyright 2014 FINAL REPORT FOR HAL PROJECT CU11000 (2014) ACCELERATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUSTRALIAN CUSTARD APPLE INDUSTRY Grant Bignell and David Bruun Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Queensland, Maroochy Research Facility, PO Box 5083, SCMC, Nambour 4560. HAL Project Number: CU11000 Project Leader Grant Bignell, Research Scientist Horticulture and Forestry Science Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry PO Box 5083 SCMC, Nambour Q4560 This is the final report for RD and E work conducted for the Australian custard apple Industry from 2012-2014. This project was funded by Horticulture Australia Limited (HAL) using the Custard Apples Australia Incorporated (CAA) levy and matched funds from the Australian Government. This is an integrated research, development and extension project where the following team members all contributed significantly to successful project outcomes. Grant Bignell Research Scientist, DAFF David Bruun Field Operations Manager, DAFF Trevor Olesen Senior Scientist, NSW DPI Ann and Peter Radke Manager, Yuruga Nursery, Walkamin QLD Joseph Tara Project Officer, Yuruga Nursery, Walkamin QLD This is a final report for RD and E work conducted for the Australian custard apple industry from 2012-2014. Date of report: May 2014 Any recommendations contained this publication do not necessarily represent current HAL policy. No person should act on the basis of the contents of this publication, whether as to matters of fact or opinion or other content, without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice in respect of the matters set out in this publication. Final Report for HAL Project CU11000 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 4 MEDIA SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. 4 TECHNICAL SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... 7 BREEDING PROGRAM....................................................................................................... 8 INDUSTRY IMPROVEMENT RESEARCH ....................................................................... 8 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .............................................................................................. 9 OVERVIEW OF DAFF CUSTARD APPLE BREEDING PROGRAM .............................. 9 HISTORY .............................................................................................................................. 9 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................ 9 SELECTION FOR HIGH PRODUCTIVITY ..................................................................... 13 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 13 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 13 RESULTS ........................................................................................................................ 14 SELECTION FOR RED SKIN COLOUR .......................................................................... 26 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 26 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 29 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...................................................................................... 29 SELECTION OF SEEDLESS CUSTARD APPLE VARIETIES ....................................... 33 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 33 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 33 RESULTS ........................................................................................................................ 35 NEW BUDSPORTS OF PINK’S MAMMOTH ............................................................... 36 HISTORY ........................................................................................................................ 36 DEVELOPING GENETIC MARKERS FOR CUSTARD APPLE BREEDING ............ 40 TESTING ADVANCED CUSTARD APPLE SELECTIONS............................................ 41 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 41 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 41 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...................................................................................... 45 OVERVIEW OF ROOTSTOCKS ....................................................................................... 49 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 49 CURRENT ROOTSTOCK TRIALS ............................................................................... 49 1 Final Report for HAL Project CU11000 VICTORIA PARK PARK ROOTSTOCK TRIAL ............................................................. 52 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 52 MATERIALS AND METHODS ..................................................................................... 52 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...................................................................................... 53 MAREEBA ROOTSTOCK TRIAL .................................................................................... 56 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 56 MATERIALS AND METHODS ..................................................................................... 56 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...................................................................................... 57 DEVELOPMENT OF CLONAL PROPAGATION METHODS FOR CUSTARD APPLE .............................................................................................................................................. 60 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 60 MATERIALS AND METHODS ..................................................................................... 61 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...................................................................................... 62 EVALUATION OF FUNDICIDES AND INSECTICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF MAJOR PESTS AND DISEASES OF CUSTARD APPLE ............................................... 65 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 65 MATERIALS AND METHODS ..................................................................................... 69 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...................................................................................... 69 CHEMICAL CONTROL OPTIONS FOR CONTROL OF MAJOR PESTS AND DISEASE IN CUSTARD APPLE ....................................................................................... 71 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 71 PSEUDOCERCOSPORA SPOT ..................................................................................... 71 ANTHRACNOSE ............................................................................................................ 72 PURPLE BLOTCH .......................................................................................................... 75 FRUIT SPOTTING BUGS .............................................................................................. 77 MEALYBUGS ................................................................................................................. 80 QUEENSLAND FRUIT FLY.......................................................................................... 83 EVALUATION OF POSSIBLE FLESH TAINTING IN CUSTARD APPLE DUE
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