DOCSLIB.ORG

Poster Annona

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Poster Annona Sugar apple (Annona squamosa): Processing and Product Information 2. Processing from the pulp Nectar Jam Pulp Pulp Mix with sugar Add 2.5 l of wa- (pulp:sugar = 1:1) ter, 0.37 kg of sugar and 1 g of citric acid for 1 kg Heat in a steel of pulp vessel while stirring Dissolve citric Why process sugar apple fruits? acid in water Mix pulp with Mix pulp with water, ⇒ The fruit is an excellent source of energy as it is citric acid sugar and citric acid high in carbohydrate and boil for 3 min ⇒ The fruit contains vitamin C and minerals such at 70ºC Continue heating while stirring as calcium, phosphorus and potassium Dissolve potassium ⇒ Processing increases the shelf-life of the fruit Pour into jars/bottles metabisulphite considerably (0.1 g/kg) in water Mix pulp with ⇒ Processing adds value and increases income Seal by using crown potassium caps metabisulphite Potential processed products Pour into sterilised jars Sterilise for 15 min at Packaging and Storage 95ºC Pack in well-sealed clean Juice Wine/liquors Ice cream/milk glass or plastic bottles. Seal containers Store in a cool dark place Nectar Jam Frozen pulp Cool + store for up to 5 months. Cool + store How to process sugar apple How to store fresh sugar apple fruits? fruits or pulp? Fresh fruits 1. Pre-processing ⇒ Fruit: - store for 2 days Cut fruits and scrape at room tem- the pulp from the skin perature in straw Extract seeds or dried grass from the pulp - store between 15-20ºC and 85-90% Place in jars or Storage Fresh pulp plastic containers relative humidity to delay ripening - store for 5-6 weeks at 4.5ºC in good con- Place in plastic Heat pulp for 3 min Where available: dition for consumption, however, the containers at 70ºC - Add potassium metabisulphite (0.4 g/kg) if stored skin shows chilling injuries and becomes in a refrigerator - Add potassium brown metabisulphite (0.8 g/kg) if stored at Freeze pulp Place in jars room temperature ⇒ Pulp: - store for 6 months at room temperature when treated with potassium Storage Boil for 15 min at 95ºC Place in jars metabisulphite (0.5 g/kg) - store for 5 months at 27ºC pasteurised Storage Storage and sealed in jars Fruits for the Future References: Pinto, A.C. de Queiroz, Cordeiro, M.C.R., Andrade, S.R.M. de, Ferreira, F.R., Filgueiras, H.A. da Cunha and Alves, R. E. Department of Agriculture, Peradeniya (1997) Tropical fruits of Sri Lanka. Extension and Communication Centre, Department of (in press) Five important species of Annona. Ed.: A. Hughes, C.R. Clement, N. Haq and R.W. Smith. ICUC, Southampton, UK. Agriculture, Peradeniya, Ministry of Agriculture & Lands, Sri Lanka. Rathore, D.S. (2002) Processing and marketing of underutilised fruits in India. In: Fruits for the Future in Asia. Ed.: N. Haq and Morton, J. (1987) Sugar apple (Annona squamosa). In: Fruits of warm climates. Ed.: J.F. Morton, Miami, Florida, USA: 69-72. A. Hughes. ICUC, Southampton, UK: 134-152. Nakasone, H.Y. and Paull R.E. (1998) Annonas. In: Tropical Fruits. Ed.: H.Y. Nakasone and R.E. Paull. CAB International, Wal- Salunkhe, D.K. and Desai, B.B. (1984) Custard apple and jujube. In: Postharvest biotechnology of fruits. Volume II. Ed.: D.K. lingford, UK: 45-75. Salunkhe and B.B. Desai. CRC Press, Inc, Boca Raton, Florida, USA: 133-135. Please contact ICUC for further references. Prepared and published by the International Centre for Underutilised Crops (ICUC), School for Civil Engineering and the Environ- This publication is an output from a research project funded by the United Kingdom Department of International ment, University of Southampton. Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. Tel: +44-23-80594229 Fax: +44-23-80677519 Development for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID [R8399 Forestry Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.civil.soton.ac.uk/icuc © 2004 International Centre for Underutilised Crops, UK Research Programme]. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phenological Study of Sugar Apple (Annona Squamosa L.) in Dystrophic Yellow Latosol Under the Savanna Conditions of Roraima
    AJCS 13(09):1467-1472 (2019) ISSN:1835-2707 doi: 10.21475/ajcs.19.13.09.p1557 Phenological study of sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) in dystrophic yellow latosol under the savanna conditions of Roraima Elias Ariel de Moura1*, Pollyana Cardoso Chagas2, Edvan Alves Chagas3, Railin Rodrigues de Oliveira2, Wellington Farias Araújo2, Sara Thiele Moreira Sobral2, Daniel Lucas Lima Taveira2 1Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, 59.625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brasil 2Universidade Federal de Roraima, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Fitotecnia. Boa Vista/RR, Brasil 3Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Boa Vista, RR, Brasil. CNPq Research Productivity Scholarship. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) is a commercially significant fruit species due to its nutritional qualities. The state of Roraima has excellent soil and climatic conditions for the cultivation of the species. However, no studies on the phenological behavior of this plant have been reported in the literature. In this context, the objective of this work was to investigate the vegetative and reproductive phenological behavior of sugar apple under the savanna conditions of the state of Roraima. The experiment was carried out in four seasons of the year (2014/2014 and 2015/2015 rainy season and 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 Summer). Production pruning was carried out in February 2014 (2014.1 cycle), September 2014 (2014.2 cycle), February 2015 (2015.1 cycle) and September 2015 (2015.2 cycle). Forty plants were monitored during the experiment and evaluated every three days for the following variables: beginning date of bud swelling; duration of flowering; and fruit harvest time.
    [Show full text]
  • Plants of the Annonaceae Traditionally Used As Antimalarials: a Review1
    315 PLANTS OF THE ANNONACEAE TRADITIONALLY USED AS ANTIMALARIALS: A REVIEW1 GINA FRAUSIN2 , RENATA BRAGA SOUZA LIMA3, ARI DE FREITAS HIDALGO4, PAUL MAAS5, ADRIAN MARTIN POHLIT6 ABSTRACT- Species of the Annonaceae family are used all over the tropics in traditional medicine in tropical regions for the treatment of malaria and other illnesses. Phytochemical studies of this family have revealed chemical components which could offer new alternatives for the treatment and control of malaria. Searches in scientific reference sites (SciFinder Scholar, Scielo, PubMed, ScienceDirect and ISI Web of Science) and a bibliographic literature search for species of Annonaceae used traditionally to treat malaria and fever were carried out. This family contains 2,100 species in 123 genera. We encountered 113 articles reporting medicinal use of one or more species of this family including 63 species in 27 genera with uses as antimalarials and febrifuges. Even though the same species of Annonaceae are used by diverse ethnic groups, different plant parts are often chosen for applications, and diverse methods of preparation and treatment are used. The ethanol extracts of Polyalthia debilis and Xylopia aromatica proved to be quite active against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro (median inhibition concentration, IC50 < 1.5 µg/mL). Intraperitoneal injection of Annickia chlorantha aqueous extracts (cited as Enantia chlorantha) cleared chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis from the blood of mice in a dose-dependant manner. More phytochemical profiles of Annonaceous species are required; especially information on the more commonly distributed antimalarial compounds in this family. Index terms: Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis. PLANTAS DA FAMILIA ANNONACEAE TRADICIONALMENTE USADAS COMO ANTIMALÁRICOS: UMA REVISÃO RESUMO- Espécies da família Annonaceae têm amplo uso na medicina tradicional em regiões tropicais para o tratamento da malária e de sintomas como febres, dentre outras doenças.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Trees of Virgin Islands National Park
    Seashore Trees Fruit Trees Mangrove National Park Service Sugar Apple Rhizophora mangle U.S. Department of the Interior Black, white and red Annona squamosa mangroves are common A small deciduous tree attaining 10-20 ft. in Virgin Islands National Park species along our tropi­ height with irregular cal shores. The red spreading branches. Well shown here, extends shorelines or creates is­ known for its sweet edi­ Common Trees of lands with it's arching ble fruit, resembling hand Virgin Islands National Park stilt roots. grenades in appearance. Ginger Thomas* Seagrape Tecoma stans Cocoloba uvifera Mango* This familiar shoreline Mangifera indica tree is easy to identify by An excellent hardy its large round leathery shade tree with lance leaves. It bears clusters shaped leaves and bear­ of green, ripening to ing one of the finest purple, fruits that are tropical fruits. One of edible. many introduced spe­ cies. Its sap may cause dermatitis. Maho* Thespesia populnea This coastal tree, for Genip* which Maho Bay was Melicoccus bijugatus named, is characterized This large deciduous by large bell-shaped tree has gray blotchy flowers that turn from bark and dark green pale yellow to purple. It leaves . The clustered has heart shaped leaves edible fruits are quarter and green seed pods that sized with green leath­ Ginger Thomas (also yellow cedar or turn brown. ery skin, a single large yellow elder) is a nonnative tree or seed and tart pulpy Manchineel fruit. shrub, that produces the official Hippomane mancine/la flower of the US Virgin Islands. It is This is a very poisonous found along roadsides with bright tree with shiny , small Some common trees within the Park are non­ yellow, trumpet shaped flowers, and oval leaves.
    [Show full text]
  • Annona Squamosa Linn
    Pandey, et al., Int J Res Pharm Sci 2014, 4(2) ; 8 – 12 International Journal Available online at www.ijrpsonline.com of Research in Pharmacy and Science Research Article Pharmacognostical and physiochemical study on the leaves of Annona squamosa Linn. Pandey VK1, Giri IC2, Prakashdeep3, Singh S4, Srivastava A5 1 RRS College of Pharmacy, Amethi, ABSTRACT 2 Uttar Pradesh, India, DR MC This paper gives the information about the Annona squamosa linn. Pharmacognostical and Saxena College of Pharmacy Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Phytochemical studies on the leaves of Annona squamosa linn were performed. Interest in 3Amity Institute of Pharmacy, medicinal plant has increased enormously over the last two-decades. The present work Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar covers the pharmacognostical, phytochemical studies on leaves of Annona squamosa linn. 4 Pradesh, India, Rameshwaram which commonly called as ,“Sitaphal” in Hindi It is an important medicinal plant having Institute of Technology & Management Lucknow, Uttar many traditional uses. Leaves are applied to, antifungal, bacteriostatic skin disease, Pradesh, India, 5Saraswati College worms, seed used as an insecticide. In the present study, pharmacognostical, Of Pharmacy Varanasi, Uttar phytochemical and pharmacological investigations on the Annona squamosa linn. carried Pradesh, India out. It is concluded that, scientific parameters based on taxonomical, pharmacognostical Address for Correspondence and phytochemical studies are essential to identify a plant. Phytochemical investigation Vijayendra Kumar Pandey shows the presence of aminoacid, terpenes, lipids, steroids, flavonoids . Many important E-mail : [email protected] diagnostic characters such as paracytic stomata found in lower epidermis, Single layer of palisade cells are present below upper epidermis etc will certainly help in identification of Received: 27-12-2013 Review completed: 17-05-2014 drug.
    [Show full text]
  • Antioxidant Properties of Selected Fruit Cultivars Grown in Sri Lanka ⇑ K.D.R.R
    Food Chemistry 238 (2018) 203–208 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchem Antioxidant properties of selected fruit cultivars grown in Sri Lanka ⇑ K.D.R.R. Silva , M.S.F. Sirasa Department of Applied Nutrition, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries and Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila 60170, Sri Lanka article info abstract Article history: Extracts of twenty locally available Sri Lankan fruits were analysed for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl Received 29 April 2016 (DPPH) scavenging activity, ferrous reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC), total Received in revised form 14 August 2016 flavonoid content (TFC) and vitamin C content. The results showed that gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica Accepted 26 August 2016 ‘local’) exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging activity (111.25 mg ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant Available online 27 August 2016 capacity (AEAC)/g), FRAP (1022.05 lmol FeSO4/g), TPC (915.7 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g), TFC (873.2 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/100 g) and vitamin C (136.8 mg ascorbic acid equivalents Chemical compounds studied in this article: (AAE)/100 g), respectively. Sugar apple (Annona squamosa ‘local’) and star fruit (Averrhoa carambola Methanol (PubChem CID: 887) ‘Honey Sweet’) obtained the second and third highest antioxidant activities in terms of rankings of Metaphosphoric acid (PubChem CID: 3084658) FRAP, DPPH activities, TPC, TFC and vitamin C content. Strong correlation between vitamin C, TPC and Ascorbic acid (PubChem CID: 54670067) TFC with FRAP and DPPH showed their contribution to antioxidant capacity. Among the selected fruits, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) underutilized fruit cultivar gooseberry showed the highest overall antioxidant potential.
    [Show full text]
  • Edited Uses of Plants in St Lucia
    Biographical Note After raising her family and getting a bachelor’s degree in environmental studies, Verna came to St Lucia in 1982 as a Peace Corps volunteer. She helped set up the herbarium in the forestry department and went on innumerable collection field trips. She also interviewed many local herbalists and this resulted in this document detailing traditional herbal uses. She thanks Laurent Jean-Pierre and the forestry department for their help and support. In 1987 she returned to Oregon and worked for the U.S. Forest Service in the Silviculture Department, identifying plant communities and surveying for rare and endangered plants. She “retired” in 1999 and now has Depot Gardens. It’s a gift shop and public gardens of flowers, herbs and vegetables. Many thanks to Armanda Augustin who volunteered to type this difficult document. Somehow she managed to do it quickly and accurately in March 2001. Roger Graveson Dec. 19, 1986 First Revision Feb. 27, 1987 Second Revision April 14, 1987 Corrections Nov. 13, 1987 Edited Uses of Plants in St Lucia Abrus precatorius Fabaceae gwen legliz; graines l’eglise; jumbie bead; crab eyes; lickrish The leaves of crab eyes are used with other bush to make a syrup for chronic asthma. The seeds are sometimes used in crafts, but this is discouraged because of the toxicity. The seeds are also put in lamps to make the oil last longer. One herbalist uses of leaves or the seeds to stop hemorrhage in women. For this remedy the seeds are parched with a dry ochra pod (Abelmoschus esculentus) then boiled with three leaves of lozey (sorrel) (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and some chouvalyé wonzé leaves (Portulaca pilosa), strained, and given to the person to drink.
    [Show full text]
  • GRENADA: COUNTRY REPORT to the FAO INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE on PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES (Leipzig 1996)
    GRENADA: COUNTRY REPORT TO THE FAO INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES (Leipzig 1996) Prepared by: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Mt. Wheldale , St. George’s, August 1995 GRENADA country report 2 Note by FAO This Country Report has been prepared by the national authorities in the context of the preparatory process for the FAO International Technical Conference on Plant Genetic Resources, Leipzig, Germany, 17-23 June 1996. The Report is being made available by FAO as requested by the International Technical Conference. However, the report is solely the responsibility of the national authorities. The information in this report has not been verified by FAO, and the opinions expressed do not necessarily represent the views or policy of FAO. The designations employed and the presentation of the material and maps in this document do not imply the expression of any option whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. GRENADA country report 3 Table of contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO GRENADA AND ITS AGRICULTURAL SECTORS 5 1.1 BACKGROUND 5 1.2 THE ECONOMY AND AGRICULTURE 6 CHAPTER 2 INDIGENOUS PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES 9 2.1 FOREST PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES 9 2.2 AGRICULTURAL PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES 14 CHAPTER 3 NATIONAL CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES 17 3.1 IN SITU CONSERVATION 17 3.2 LAND RACES AND TRADITIONAL VARIETIES 18 3.3 EX
    [Show full text]
  • Collection and Evaluation of Custard Apple (Annona Squamosa L
    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2018; SP2: 149-152 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 National Conference on Conservation Agriculture JPP 2018; SP2: 149-152 (ITM University, Gwalior on 22-23 February, 2018) Swapnil Singh Chandel Department of Fruit Science College of Agriculture, IGKV, Collection and evaluation of custard apple (Annona Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India squamosa L.) genotypes in Chhattisgarh plains SN Dikshit Department of Fruit Science College of Agriculture, IGKV, Swapnil Singh Chandel, SN Dikshit and HG Sharma Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India HG Sharma Abstract Department of Fruit Science The present investigstion entitled “Collection and Evaluation of Custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) College of Agriculture, IGKV, genotypes in Chhattisgarh plains” was carried out in the Department of Fruit science, College of Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur through the survey conducted in the different villages of district Bilaspur and Mahasamund, during the year 2016-17. All 18 genotypes were evaluated for yield parameters and physical aspects. The results revealed a great variability for yield and quality traits. The fruit physical characters viz., fruit length (7.53 to 11.76 cm), fruit breadth (7.14 to 10.98 cm), fruit weight (155.86 to 365.78 g), pericarp weight (75.85 to 162.58 g), pulp weight (60.44 to 180.56 g), number of seeds per fruit (48.33 to 20.00) and seed weight (15.00 to 23.00 g) showed significant variation. Keywords: Custard apple, collection, evaluation, physical characters, Chhattisgarh 1. Introduction Annona squamosa is native to tropical America but its exact native range is unknown due to extensive cultivation but is thought to be in the Caribbean.
    [Show full text]
  • Monkey Trails the Numbers to the Plant ID Signs
    10 Pygmy Date Palm 13 Thai Mountain Giant Phoenix roebelenii Caryota gigas Native to Southeast Asia, this is This species is the largest of the a popular palm for indoor and Caryota species, reaching up to outdoor landscapes around 100 feet tall. It is a hapaxanthic the world. The species is slow tree, meaning that the tree dies growing, only reaching a mature after it flowers and sets fruit— size of 8 to 10 feet tall. after about 15 to 25 years. Another common name for this plant is fishtail palm. Caryota species are the only palm trees with bipinnate leaves. This means that the fronds of the palm are Look closely at this palm tree and you will notice that it FUN FACT has multiple heads. This is a “crested” palm and it is not divided twice, giving it the look of a fish’s tail. FUN FACT entirely understood why some develop in this manner. 14 Forest Bush Bell Mackaya bella 11 Silver Saw Tree This shrub is native to South Acoelorraphe wrightii Africa and reaches 6 to 8 feet tall. It produces light lavender This palm forms thickets in flowers in spring. ‘Bella’ is Latin brackish swamps in its native for “beautiful,” referring to its habitat in Florida, West Indies, attractive flowers. and Central America. In San Diego, it prefers light shade, coastal conditions, ample water, and good drainage. The fruit of this shrub is a hard, woody pod that splits and scatters the seeds. FUN FACT The common name comes from the rows of sharp orange teeth arranged along the edges of FUN FACT the leaf petiole.
    [Show full text]
  • Papua New Guinea Fruit Welcome to Papua New Guinea! ! " the Land of Fabulous Fruit Fruit - for Flavour and Vitamins! to Enjoy a Good Life, Enjoy Fruit!
    Food Plants International Documenting the edible plants of the world and getting the information back to those who need it most. Papua New Guinea fruit Welcome to Papua New Guinea! ! " The land of fabulous fruit Fruit - for flavour and vitamins! To enjoy a good life, enjoy fruit! ! " Fruit add flavour to life ! " Fruit are often rich in vitamins ! " Fruit make good quick snacks ! " Fruit are fun God meant us to enjoy the exciting flavours and textures of His amazing collection of tropical fruit Pineapple - a popular snack! Ananas comosus Bukubuk - a undiscovered special! Burckella obovata Durian - introduced from Indonesia ! Durio zibethinus Jackfruit - becoming better known! Artocarpus heterophyllus Soursop - an easy to grow coastal fruit! Annona muricata Sweetsop - Suits dry areas around Port Moresby! Annona squamosa Bullock’s heart - on coastal islands! Annona reticulata Guava - vitamin C for kids!! Psidium guajava Pomelo - the big tropical citrus! Citrus grandis Clymenia - a unique PNG citrus on offshore islands! Clymenia polyandra Ton - the Pacific lychee! Pometia pinnata Avocado - becoming popular in the highlands! Persea americana Highlands kapiak - an occasionally eaten fibrous fruit ! Ficus dammaropsis Kumu musong - also an edible fig fruit! Ficus copiosa and Ficus wassa Indian mulberry - a food and medicine! Morinda citrifolia Marita - for beautiful pandanus sauce! Pandanus conoideus Mulberry fruit! A tasty bonus to mulberry leaves! Morus alba Buni or Chinese laurel - a minor tree fruit in the lowlands! Antidesma bunius Five
    [Show full text]
  • Antioxidant Activity of Different Parts from Annona Squamosa, and Catunaregam Nilotica Methanolic Extract
    M PO RU LO IA N T O N R E U Acta Sci. Pol., Technol. Aliment. 11(3) 2012, 249-257 I M C S ACTA pISSN 1644-0730 eISSN 1889-9594 www.food.actapol.net/ ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT PARTS FROM ANNONA SQUAMOSA, AND CATUNAREGAM NILOTICA METHANOLIC EXTRACT Abdalbasit Adam Mariod1, Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab2, Sara Elkheir1, Yousif Mohamed Ahmed1, Putri Narrima Mohd Fauzi3, Cheah Shiau Chuen3 1Food Science and Technology Department, College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 71 Khartoum North, Sudan 2UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia 3Centre of Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ABSTRACT Background. We extracted phenolic compounds from Annona squamosa (leaves, bark, roots and seedcake), and Catunaregam nilotica (leaves, bark and seedcake) using methanol and their antioxidant activity was evaluated employing various established in vitro systems. Material and methods. Annona squamosa (leaves, bark, roots and seedcake), and Catunaregam nilotica (leaves, bark and seedcake) were used in the study. Antioxidant activity was estimated using oxygen radi- cal absorbance capacity, MTT assay and DPPH assays, and polyphenols profi le was determined by HPLC method. Results. The total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and the highest amounts were 171.5, 170.4, 169.5, and 167.9 g/kg plant extract as GAE for A. squamosa roots, C. nilotica bark, C. nilotica leaves, and A. squamosa bark, respectively. The leaves extracts of the two trees showed high fl avoniod con- tent.
    [Show full text]
  • Annona Squamosa L
    Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants - Online edition Annona squamosa L. Family: Annonaceae Linnaeus, C. von (1753) Species Plantarum : 537. Type: Indonesia?. Common name: Sweetsop; Anon; Apple, Custard; Apple, Sugar; Sugar Apple; Custard Apple Stem Usually grows into a small tree but also flowers and fruits as a shrub. Leaves Leaf blades about 5-17 x 2-6 cm. Oil dots quite small, visible with a lens. Fine oak grain in the twigs. Twig bark strong and fibrous when stripped. Underside of the leaf blades slightly glaucous. Leaves aromatic when crushed. Flowers Leaves & flowers. © CSIRO Flowers about 2.5 cm diam. Calyx lobes fused at the base. Petals thick and fleshy, about 25 x 7 mm. Anthers very numerous, sessile. Ovaries 50-60 or more, free from one another. Ovules 1 per ovary. Fruit Fruits formed by the fusion of numerous carpels. Fruits about 5-10 cm diam. Surface of the fruit knobbly or bumpy. Seeds ovoid-ellipsoid, smooth, black, about 12-14 x 7-8 mm, embedded in white edible flesh. Endosperm marked by numerous brown ruminations. Embryo straight, small, about 3 x 1.5 mm. Cotyledons slightly longer than the radicle. Seedlings Cotyledons normally fall from the seedling while still enclosed in the testa. First pair of leaves glabrous, much paler and somewhat glaucous on the underside, apex acute or obtuse, base Scale bar 10mm. © CSIRO truncate or obtuse. Oil dots visible with a lens. At the tenth leaf stage: leaves alternate (two ranked) rather than spirally arranged, leaf blade ovate to elliptic, apex acute to acuminate, base obtuse, lateral veins about 7-9 on each side of the midrib, lateral veins forming loops inside the blade margin.
    [Show full text]