A Construção Do Mundo Ficcional No Seriado Televisivo Breaking Bad

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A Construção Do Mundo Ficcional No Seriado Televisivo Breaking Bad UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA FACULDADE DE COMUNICAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM COMUNICAÇÃO E CULTURA CONTEMPORÂNEAS JOÃO EDUARDO SILVA DE ARAÚJO CRYSTAL BLUE PERSUASION: A CONSTRUÇÃO DO MUNDO FICCIONAL NO SERIADO TELEVISIVO BREAKING BAD Salvador 2015 JOÃO EDUARDO SILVA DE ARAÚJO CRYSTAL BLUE PERSUASION: A CONSTRUÇÃO DO MUNDO FICCIONAL NO SERIADO TELEVISIVO BREAKING BAD Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação e Cultura Contemporâneas, Faculdade de Comunicação, Universidade Federal da Bahia, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Comunicação Orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Maria Carmem Jacob de Souza Salvador 2015 Página reservada para atos de exame compreensivo de defesa de dissertação AGRADECIMENTOS Aos meus pais, que mesmo só tendo cursado o ensino fundamental tornaram a academia um mundo possível para mim. E à minha avó, quem mais legitima meu objeto de pesquisa, pois sempre que me vê assistindo séries ou novelas diz que eu ando estudando demais. A Carminha – que em nada se parece com a de João Emanoel –, por ser uma mentora, uma colega, uma inspiração e uma grande amiga. A ela sou grato pela paciência comigo e os meus atrasos, pelo carinho, o acolhimento, as discussões, a atenção à leitura, a confiança, e pela generosidade em me incluir em tantos dos seus projetos e sonhos. A Marcelo, o mais estável dos relacionamentos que já tive. A Bulhões, o mais próximo dos que foram morar longe. Ao grupo de pesquisa A-Tevê, no qual todos são meus co-orientadores; em especial Lessa, o meu irmão mais velho da academia. Aos colegas, professores e amigos do Programa, cuja importância para a minha formação é inestimável; e em especial à minha turma de pós, que tornou o percurso bem mais divertido. Ao Petcom, porque tudo começa na graduação. A Inara, Katarina e Maíra, que me fizeram após tantos anos voltar a enxergar Salvador com os olhos de um recém-chegado. A Lessa, Renata, Valéria, Marcelo, Davi e Vitor, pelo zelo, rigor e cuidado nas revisões e considerações. A contribuição deles a este trabalho é imensurável, e lhes serei sempre grato. A Valéria, Vitor, Talyta, Patrícia, Renata, Davi, Maycon, Lôra, Lisi, Laura, Carol, Caio, Lara, Samuel, Matheus, Babi, Mariana, Raquel, Phillip, e tantos outros amigos que tornaram suportáveis os (e que me suportaram nos) últimos dois anos. Ao CNPq, cujo financiamento tornou essa pesquisa possível. A Marcel Vieira Barreto e Fábio Sadao Nakagawa, que foram generosos o suficiente para ceder seu tempo para ler e contribuir com esse trabalho. Por fim, aos alunos do tirocínio e aos inúmeros fãs da série, cujos trabalhos, blogs, Wikis, fan sites e vídeos forneceram mais insights para esta dissertação do que seria possível especificar. “There are more realities these days than there are television channels”. “Há mais realidades hoje em dia do que há canais de televisão”. The Invisibles, v. 1, n. 17. Grant Morrison. “Quoi qu’il en soit, je crois que l’imagination humaine n’a rien inventé qui ne soit vrai, dans ce monde ou dans les autres”. “Seja como for, creio que a imaginação humana nada inventou que não seja verdade, neste mundo ou nos outros”. Aurélia. Ou la rêve et la vie. Gérard de Nerval. RESUMO Esta dissertação analisa a arquitetura do mundo ficcional criado ao longo de cinco temporadas pelo seriado televisivo Breaking Bad (2008-2013), com ênfase: na sua ambientação, em especial nos modos como são constituídos a sua contraparte ficcional da cidade de Albuquerque, o deserto ao redor dela e as residências das personagens; e na construção de uma atmosfera e de protagonistas ambivalentes, com uma disposição que se mostra decadente ao longo da série. Para tanto, atentamos especialmente para três dimensões relativas ao edifício deste mundo: os modos como a obra nos convoca a imergir nele, as estratégias empregadas no seu arranjo, e os elementos específicos que o mobíliam. Aqui, tentamos nos distanciar do uso heurístico que tem sido feito do conceito de mundo ficcional nos últimos anos, e buscamos operacionalizar noções importantes que ele traz no seu bojo, como as de incompletude e quadros de referência. Ademais, o trabalho examina não apenas o modo como este mundo se erige em seus próprios méritos, mas também como ele se aproxima de certas referências intertextuais ao fazê-lo. Nomeadamente, são verificadas interfaces da obra com: os filmes Paris, Texas (1984) e Era Uma Vez no Oeste (C'era una volta il West, 1968); as fotografias documentais realistas de William Eggleston e Lee Friedlander; e gêneros consagrados como o western, o drama burguês e o melodrama. Além disso, este estudo conjuga questões semânticas vinculadas aos mundos ficcionais, o problema pragmático de como a obra solicita nossa imersão, e aspectos sintático-formais importantes da ficção televisiva, especificamente o estilo e a serialidade. Quanto aos modos através dos quais Breaking Bad nos convida a imergir em seu mundo, por sua vez, observamos: a) o recurso a intensas recapitulações diegéticas que nos permitem lembrar porções consideráveis das tramas do seriado; b) a construção a longo prazo dos elementos que põem o enredo para frente, como o livro de Walt Whitman que leva Hank a descobrir que seu cunhado é um traficante; c) a criação de uma estrutura temporal que, a despeito de ter várias quebras de linearidade, segue um fluxo contínuo ao não particionar a narrativa em múltiplas cronologias, como fazem séries como Lost (2004-2010) e Once Upon a Time (2011-); d) o investimento em protagonistas tridimensionais, ainda que as personagens secundárias não o sejam; e e) a aposta em uma concentração temporal, actancial e espacial. Ao fim do trabalho, argumentamos que Breaking Bad constrói um mundo único, que não pode ser reduzido a uma representação do nosso, independente do fato de tal mundo não se encontrar no regime do fantástico ou do maravilhoso. Palavras-chave: mundos ficcionais; imersão; ficção seriada televisiva; estudos de televisão; Breaking Bad. ABSTRACT This thesis analyses the architecture of the fictional world created over the course of five seasons by the television series Breaking Bad (2008-2013), emphasizing: its setting, specially the ways through which its fictional counterpart of Albuquerque, the desert around it and the characters’ homes are constituted; and the ambivalent construction of its atmosphere and protagonists, which have a disposition to decay over the course of the series. To that end, we pay special attention to three dimensions related to the edifice of this world: the ways through which the work summons us to immerse into its world, the strategies employed in its arrangement, and the specific elements that furnish it. Here, we try to distance ourselves from the heuristic use with which the concept of fictional world has been met over the last few years, and we aim to operationalize important notions it brings in its core, such as incompleteness and frame of reference. Furthermore, the work examines not only how this world erects itself by its own merits, but also how it approaches certain intertextual references in doing so. Namely, we point out interfaces between the series and: the movies Paris, Texas (1984) and Once Upon a Time in the West (C'era una volta il West, 1968); the realistic documental photographs of William Eggleston and Lee Friedlander; and consecrated genres such as the western, the bourgeois drama, and the melodrama. Moreover, this study conjugates semantic matters attached to fictional worlds, the pragmatic issue of how the work prompts our immersion, and formal syntactic aspects of television fictions, specifically style and seriality. As for the ways through which Breaking Bad invites us to immerse into its world, by its turn, we observe: a) the recourse to intense diegetic recapitulations, which allow us to remember considerable portions of the series’ braids; b) the long term construction of the elements that push the plot forward, like the Walt Whitman’s book that leads Hank to the discovery that his brother-in-law is a drug dealer; c) the creation of a temporal structure that, despite its many breaks in linearity, follows a continuous flow, given that it doesn’t partition the narrative in multiple chronologies, as do Lost (2004-2010) and Once Upon a Time (2011- ); d) the investment in tridimensional protagonists, even if the secondary characters are not tridimensional themselves; and e) the bet in concentration of time, space, and action. At the end of this work, we argue that Breaking Bad builds a unique world, which cannot be reduced to a representation of our own, regardless of the fact that such world is not in the regime of the fantastic or the marvelous. Key-words: fictional worlds; immersion; television serial fictions; television studies; Breaking Bad. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1: Fring e o ex-chefe de Hank. ......................................................................... 74 Figura 2: o corpo de Gale. ........................................................................................... 74 Figura 3: o corpo de Combo. ....................................................................................... 74 Figura 4: carros de Jesse e Hank destruídos. ............................................................... 74 Figura 5: Fring, Krazy 8, máscara, Chow e Dennis. ................................................... 74 Figura 6: desenho de Walter. ....................................................................................... 74 Figura 8: Estrutura temporal de Breaking Bad. ..........................................................
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