The Feudal System
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Unit 8: the Feudal System
The Artios Home Companion Series Unit 8: The Feudal System Teacher Overvie w AFTER THE Fall of Rome and the conquests and raids of the Vikings, the people of Europe needed protection and security. It was out of this need that the feudal system arose. Lesser lords and knights would pay tribute to more powerful nobles in exchange for their protection. While this may sound good in theory, the resulting system had its disadvantages, such as abuse of the poor. In this unit we will study the effects of feudalism. Miniature from the Queen Mary Psalter, c. 1310, of men harvesting wheat with reaping-hooks. It is a depiction of socage (paying rent in the form of labor) on the royal demesne (the land which was retained by a lord of the manor for his own use and support) in feudal England. Reading and Assignments Based on your student’s age and ability, the reading in this unit may be read aloud to the student and journaling and notebook pages may be completed orally. Likewise, other assignments can be done with an appropriate combination of independent and guided study. In this unit, students will: Complete one lesson in which they will learn about the feudal system. Define vocabulary words. Explore the following websites: ▪ The Middle Ages - The Feudal System: http://www.angelfire.com/hi5/interactive_learning/NormanConquest/t he_middle__ages.htm ▪ Britain’s Bayeux Tapestry: http://www.bayeuxtapestry.org.uk/ Visit www.ArtiosHCS.com for additional resources. Medieval to Renaissance: Elementary Unit 8: The Feudal System Page 76 Leading Ideas God orders all things for the ultimate good of His people. -
Lordship of Chorlton
Lordship of Cowley Cowley, Principle Victoria County Parish/ County Oxfordshire source Histories Date History of Lordship Monarchs 871 Creation of the English Monarchy Alfred the Great 871-899 Edward Elder 899-924 Athelstan 924-939 Edmund I 939-946 Edred 946-955 Edwy 955-959 Edgar 959-975 Edward the Martyr 975-978 Ethelred 978-1016 Edmund II 1016 Canute 1016-1035 Harold I 1035-1040 Pre Conquest There were four Lordships of Cowley. These were; two held Harthacnut 1040-1042 Edward the Confessor by Roger of Ivry, one by Leofwin of Nuneham and the last 1042-1066 followed here owned by Toli. Harold II 1066 1066 Norman Conquest- Battle of Hastings William I 1066-1087 1086 Domesday 1086 Toli continued to be Lord of Cowley of Miles Crispin. The Lordship/Manor is measured as 1 ½ hide and 1/3 virgate. The Manor is part of the Honor of Wallingford. William II 1087-1100 Henry I 1100-35 Stephen 1135-54 1166 The Lordship comes into the hands of the Chausey family. Henry II 1154-89 They were substantial tenants of the honor. th Late 12 The Chissebeches are Lords of Cowley. The Chissebeches live Richard I 1189-99 Century in Chisbidge, Buckinghamshire and therefore sub-let the Manor to Osbert de Cowley. 1197 William de Cowley inherits from his father. A dispute develops between William, his sister Alice, Henry de Kersington or de Cowley, and the Chissebeches. William conveys 1 virgate to Geoffrey de Chissebeche. Later Henry de Kersinton and his wife Denise Talemasch (Alice de Cowley’s daughter) established their claim to hold the other 5 virgates of the Chissebeches for 15s a year. -
Unit 8: the Feudal System
The Artios Home Companion Series Unit 8: The Feudal System Teacher Overview AFTER Charlemagne’s empire was broken up and Norsemen began to raid, Europe’s rulers needed to find a way to protect their lands and people from invading marauders and other enemies. Over time the feudal system developed, by which powerful lords offered protection to lesser lords, expecting service in return. Castle – a traditional symbol of a feudal society (Orava Castle in Slovakia) (By Wojsyl - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=101646) Reading and Assignments In this unit, students will: Complete two lessons in which they will learn about the rise of the feudal system, and feudal warfare, journaling and answering discussion questions as they read. Define vocabulary words. Medieval to Renaissance: Middle School Unit 8: The Feudal System Page 97 After each day’s reading, a wonderful time of exploration will be spent on the suggested websites dealing with feudalism and William the Conqueror or reading one of the library resources suggest the teacher or parent. ▪ The Middle Ages – The Feudal System: http://www.angelfire.com/hi5/interactive_learning/NormanConquest/t he_middle__ages.htm ▪ Britain’s Bayeux Tapestry: http://www.bayeuxtapestry.org.uk/ Be sure to visit www.ArtiosHCS.com for additional resources. Leading Ideas God orders all things for the ultimate good of His people. And we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those who are called according to his purpose. — Romans 8:28 Vocabulary Key People, Places, and Lesson 1: Events homage vassal recompense fealty adherent villein William the Conqueror serf Lesson 2: none Homage of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis Medieval to Renaissance: Middle School Unit 8: The Feudal System Page 98 L e s s o n O n e History Overview and Assignments The Feudal System “The root idea [of feudalism] was that all the land in a country belonged to the King, who held it from God alone; but of course no one man, king although he might be, could farm the land of a whole country. -
The Seigneurs Descend to the Rank of Creditors: the Abolition of Respect, 1790
Articles The Seigneurs Descend to the Rank of Creditors: The Abolition of Respect, 1790 James Q. Whitman* On the great night of August 4, 1789, the French National Assembly proclaimed the abolition of feudalism. This momentous revolutionary proclamation was not, however, self-executing: in the days that followed, it became clear that there was no definitive agreement about what "feudalism" was. After a week of uncertain debate, the gentlemen of the Assembly had not produced fully detailed abolition legislation. Politics having failed, the decision was made to turn the problem over to lawyers; on August 12, the Assembly constituted a Committee, made up principally of lawyers, and charged with the task of defining "feudalism." So it was that the lawyers stepped in, to take charge of the first great abolition of Western history. The special Committee on Feudal Rights worked away during six months of increasing revolutionary tension, as peasants rioted and chateaux burned in many parts of France. Finally, on * This article is a revised and expanded version of "Les seigneurs descendent au rang de simples crdanciers: Droit romain, droit fdodal, et R6volution," in Droits. Revue frangaise de th6orie juridique 17 (1993): 23. I would like to thank Professors Laurent Mayali, Olivier Beaud, James Gordley, and participants in the Yale Law School Faculty Workshop for helpful comments. 249 Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities, Vol. 6, Iss. 2 [1994], Art. 6 Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities [Vol. 6: 249 February 8, 1790, the Committee delivered a refined and elegant report, full of technicalities and fine phrases. Among that report's pronouncements was the following declaration: "the Seigneurs," reported the Committee, analyzing the legal essence of the abolition of feudalism, "have descended to the rank of simple Creditors."' This elegant bit of Revolutionary legal analysis is my starting point in this article. -
Feudal Baronies and Manorial Lordships
Feudal Baronies and Manorial Lordships The seven years of the Baronage operation on the Internet have seen two messages stressed repeatedly — first, that the only feudal baronies still held in baroniam and capable of being sold with their status intact are those of Scotland, and, second, that genuine manorial lordships are not titles of nobility, and their holders are not qualified to be styled “Lord” (as in “Lord Blogges” or “Lord Bloggeston”). Now as new Scottish legislation is intended to separate baronial titles from the land to which they have been tied for, in some cases, close to 900 years, and thus to allow them, in essence, to be traded in a manner similar to English manorial lordships (with all the risks that entails), many readers have written to ask for an explanation of what is happening and for our views on what will happen in the future. In response, this special edition of the Baronage magazine examines the nature of feudal baronies and manorial lordships. Feudalism and the Barony The feudal system was developed in the territories Charlemagne had ruled, and it was brought to Britain by the Norman Conquest. Under feudalism all land belongs to the King. He grants parts of it to his closest advisers and most powerful warriors, these being known as tenants-in-chief, and they in turn grant parts of their lands to others who could in turn let parts of their holdings. There is thus a chain – King, tenants-in-chief, tenants, sub-tenants. The basic unit of feudalism is the manor – which had existed in Britain before the Conquest but was readily absorbed into the feudal system. -
Domesday & Manor Life
Date: What was life like in the Middle Ages for the majority of people? Villein: Peasants with land to farm. Villeins were not allowed to leave their manor Serf: Peasants with land to farm. A Serf could move if necessary But it was safer to stay Manor House: Home of the lord (Tenant in chief) Domesday Book: A survey By William to assess the land and wealth of his new country (and tax people) Tithe: A tax (10% of earnings paid to the Church Aim: To understand what the Domesday Book was for and Begin to understand what it was like to live in the Middle Ages There are some 13,418 towns and villages recorded in the Domesday Book, covering 40 of the old counties of England. The majority of these still exist in some form today. Perhaps nothing showed William’s desire to control his new country more than the making of a countrywide survey, the results of which were recorded in the Domesday Book. William wanted to collect this information for a number of reasons, including the following: • He feared another Viking invasion and needed to know where he could station and feed his soldiers • He thought that some of his barons might be holding lands that should belong to him or the Church • He wanted to be able to collect more taxes Answer in full sentences: Why did William want to collect all of this information? Questions William’s commissioners wanted to know: Name of the manor; who held it in King Edward’s time; who holds it now; how much land there is; how many ploughlands belong to the domain and how many belong to the men; how many villeins; cottars; slaves; freemen; how much woodland; pasture; meadow; how many mills or fisheries; how much has been added to the estate or taken away; what it was worth and what it is now worth; All this is to be recorded for three periods: as it was in King Edward’s time; as it was when King William granted the manor; and as it is now. -
In Search of the Dark Ages in Search of the Dark Ages
IN SEARCH OF THE DARK AGES IN SEARCH OF THE DARK AGES Michael Wood Facts On File Publications New York, New York Oxford, England For my mother and father IN SEARCH OF THE DARK AGES Copyright © 1987 by Michael Wood All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the pub lisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wood, Michael. In search of the Dark Ages. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Great Britain—History—To 1066. 2. England— Civilization—To 1066. 3. Anglo-Saxons. I. Title. DA135.W83 1987 942.01 86-19839 ISBN 0-8160-1686-0 Printed in the United States of America 10 987654321 CONTENTS Acknowledgements 6 Introduction 7 Genealogy Table 10 CHAPTER 1 13 Boadicea CHAPTER 2 37 King Arthur CHAPTER 3 61 The Sutton Hoo Man CHAPTER 4 77 Offa CHAPTER 5 104 Alfred the Great CHAPTER 6 126 Atheistan CHAPTER 7 151 Eric Bloodaxe CHAPTER 8 177 Ethelred the Unready CHAPTER 9 204 William the Conqueror Postscript 237 Book List 243 Picture Credits 244 Index 245 Acknowledgements I must first thank the staffs of the following libraries for their kindness and helpfulness, without which this book would not have been possible: Corpus Christi College Cambridge, Jesus College Oxford, the Bodleian Library Oxford, the Cathedral Library Durham, the British Library, Worcester Cathedral Library, the Public Record Office, and the British Museum Coin Room. I am indebted to Bob Meeson at Tamworth, Robin Brown at Saham Toney and Paul Sealey at Colchester Museum, who were all kind enough to let me use their unpublished researches. -
English Feudalism and the Origins of Capitalism
English Feudalism and the Origins of Capitalism GEORGE C. COMNINEL The specific historical basis for the development of capitalism in England — and not in France — is traced to the unique structure of English manorial lordship. It is the absence from English lordship of seigneurie banale - the specific political form of parcellised sovereignty that figured centrally in the development of Continental feudalism - that accounts for the peculiarly 'economic' turn taken in the development of English class relations of surplus extraction. In France, by contrast, the distinctly 'political' tenor of subsequent social development can equally specifically be traced to the central role of seigneurie banale in the fundamental class relations of feudalism. That the development of Western European societies generally, and England and France in particular, has been at least roughly parallel over the course of the past six centuries or longer has undoubtedly been among the most pervasive ideas of historically oriented social science. Even behind the emphasis specialists may give to particular differences, the presumption exists of a common European pattern of development. George C. Comninel, Department of Political Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Canada, M3J 1P3; e-mail [email protected]. An early version of this article was presented as a working paper to the History and Society Program of the University of Minnesota more than a decade ago. The author is grateful to the members of that program for their lively discussion and extensive comments. He is enormously indebted to his former colleague Sam Clark, of the University of Western Ontario, and to Ellen Meiksins Wood, for comments on and encouragement of this work over too many years. -
The Manor House by Don Nardo
LIBRARY ERAS LORDS, LADIES, PEASANTS, AND KNIGHTS: CLASS IN THE MIDDLE AGES DON NARDO LUCENT BOOKS An imprint of Thomson a part of The Thomson Corporation FarmingtonHillsMI Thomson GALE Detroit NewYork San Francisco San Diego New Haven, Connecticut Maine London Munich The Manor House In a common sce nario, the new vassa l received a fief consisting of an estate with a large manor house or small cas tle. In so me cases, especially in medieval Eng- land and France, a vassal's castle was com- parable in size and quality to that of his overlord. Kings usually clain1ed (or built) the largest and most splendid castles for themselves, but it was not unusual fo r some barons, dukes, or other noble vas- sals to live as well as their royal masters. Whether it belonged to the king or one of his chi ef retainers, a medieval Euro- pea n castle was the central focu s of life The great hall of Hedingham Castle, in Essex, England, features arch spanning twenty-eight fee t. In this room, meetings, ceremonies, and banquets took place. and activity on a typical feudal manor. ness, receive guests, and host banquets. Inside the castle or manor house, the In many cases, the hall also doubled as a principal room was the great hall, though sort of all-purpose lounging area, where it was more often ca lled simply "the tl1e lord's uncles, cousins, and some of his (Sometimes people referred to the entire most loya l retainers slept, ate, and social- castle or house as a hall.) In the ea rliest ized. -
E Altri Convegni 45
Atti delle “Settimane di Studi” e altri Convegni 45 PRESIDENTE DELLA FONDAZIONE: Irene Sanesi Segretario generale: Giampiero Nigro Comitato scientifico Presidente: Paola Massa Vicepresidenti: Erik Aerts, Michele Cassandro Direttore scientifico: Giampiero Nigro Giunta esecutiva: Erik Aerts, Carlo Marco Belfanti, Wim Blockmans, Michele Cassandro, Murat Çizakça, Laurence Fontaine, Paulino Iradiel Murugarren, Paolo Malanima, Giampiero Nigro, Michael North, Adam Manikowski, Paola Massa, Giovanni Muto Altri membri del Comitato scientifico: Mathieu Arnoux, Marco Cattini, Maria Raffaella De Gramatica, Markus A. Denzel, Giulio Fenicia, Gerhard Fouquet, Luciana Frangioni, Alberto Guenzi, Sergej Pavlovič Karpov, Olga Katsiardi-Hering, Maryanne Kowaleski, Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Luca Molà, Pellegrino Gerardo Nicolosi, Sheilagh Ogilvie, W. Mark Ormrod, Luciano Palermo, Paola Pierucci, Simone Teuscher, Diana Toccafondi, Michael Toch, Bas van Bavel Comitato d’Onore Maurice Aymard, Michel Balard, Giorgio Borelli, Giovanni Cherubini, Philippe Contamine, Mario Del Treppo, Domenico Demarco, Antonio Di Vittorio, Arnold Esch, Jean Favier, Richard Goldtwhaite, Alberto Grohmann, Elio Lodolini, Rosalia Manno Tolu, Peter Mathias, Anthony Molho, John Munro, Giuseppe Pansini, Hans Pohl, Christopher Smout, Jean-Pierre Sosson, Rolf Sprandel, Hermann van der Wee, Valentín Vázquez de Prada, Immanuel Wallerstein, Giovanni Zalin FONDAZIONE ISTITUTO INTERNAZIONALE DI STORIA ECONOMICA “F. DATINI” PRATO SCHIAVITÙ E SERVAGGIO NELL’ECONOMIA EUROPEA SECC. XI-XVIII * SERFDOM AND SLAVERY IN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY 11TH - 18 TH CENTURIES * Atti della “Quarantacinquesima Settimana di Studi” 14-18 aprile 2013 a cura di Simonetta Cavaciocchi Firenze University Press 2014 Schiavitù e servaggio nell’economia europea. Secc. XI-XVIII = Serfdom and Slavery in the European Economy. 11th - 18th Centuries : atti della “Quarantecinquesima settimana di studi”, 14-18 aprile 2013 / a cura di Simonetta Cavaciocchi. -
Adoption of English Law in Maryland
ADOPTION OF ENGLISH LAW IN MARYLAND Garrett Power Professor Emeritus University of Maryland School of Law ABSTRACT It served as an axiom of Maryland’s constitutional history that settlers carried with them the “rights of Englishmen” when they crossed the Atlantic. In 1642 the Assembly of Maryland Freemen declared Maryland’s provincial judges were to follows the law of England. Maryland’s 1776 Declaration of Independence left a legal lacuna--- what were to be the laws and public institutions of this newly created sovereign entity? This paper considers the manner in which the sovereign state of Maryland filled the void. 1 ADOPTION OF ENGLISH LAW IN MARYLAND I. THE PROPRIETORSHIP In 1632 King Charles I of England granted Cecil Calvert, the Second Lord Baltimore, a charter making him the first Lord Proprietor of Maryland with all the feudal privileges of a monarch over a New World colony.1 The Proprietorship allowed Lord Baltimore and his heirs to grant the lands of Maryland to any person willing to purchase.2 Calvert promoted settlement by offering “adventurers” land patents of “hundreds” in return for the transportation of themselves and their laborers who undertook “plantation.”3 The Barons of Baltimore, however, were vested with seigniory. The 1632 Charter bestowed upon their hereditary line sovereign powers of the highest order. They were authorized “for the good and happy Government of the said Province, . to . Enact Laws . with the Advise, Assent, and Approbation of the Free-Men of the same Province . .”4 It served as an axiom of our constitutional history that these settlers carried with them the “rights of Englishmen” when they crossed the Atlantic.5 And Maryland’s Charter guaranteed the 1 See, e.g., 1 J. -
Changing Understandings of Gentility
CHANGING UNDERSTANDINGS OF GENTILITY: STATUS, GENDER, AND SOCIAL OPPORTUNITY IN ENGLAND, C. 1400-1530 By KRISTIN CANZANO PINYAN A dissertation submitted to the School of Graduate Studies Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in History Written under the direction of James Masschaele And approved by _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey October 2017 ©2017 Kristin Canzano Pinyan ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Changing Understandings of Gentility: Status, Gender, and Social Opportunity in England, c. 1400-1530 By KRISTIN CANZANO PINYAN Dissertation Director: James Masschaele This dissertation addresses the problem of the gentry in late medieval England and how this problem led to a unique moment of social opportunity during the fifteenth century. Modern scholars have struggled to develop a comprehensive definition of the gentry as a social group because members of the gentry themselves had difficulty articulating their social position. The fourteenth-century English nobility’s method of social closure through the hereditary summons to Parliament effectively divided the kingdom’s aristocracy. Forced out of this elite group, the knights, esquires, and gentleman were left to develop their own separate group identity. In this they failed. Any sense of kinship among them, that together they formed a gentle community with its own culture, was disrupted by that culture’s overlap into other groups. The continued use of the term “gentle” to refer to characteristics that were associated with all elite ranks of society made it impossible for the gentry to achieve any positive distinctions as a social group.