“An Applied Science of Air Barriers"
TSP Inc.
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 1 BUILDING AIR LEAKAGE REQUIREMENTS
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 2 Building Air Leakage And Air Barrier Requirements
State of Vermont Energy Code 2015
Residential: Whole Building Air Tightness - Less Than 3 air changes per hour at 50 Pa pressure difference (ASTM E1827 or E779) Vermont Residential Building Energy Code 2015
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 3 Building Air Leakage And Air Barrier Requirements State of Vermont Energy Code 2015
Commercial: Materials – Air permeability not greater than 0.004 cfm/ft2 at 75 Pa pressure difference (ASTM E2178) Assemblies – not greater than 0.04 cfm/ft2 at 75 Pa pressure difference (ASTM E 2357, ASTM E E1677, ASTM E238)
Whole Building Air Tightness - Not greater than 0.5 cfm/ft2 at 50 Pa (ASTM E779) Vermont Commercial Building Energy Standards 2015
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 4 Building Air Leakage And Air Barrier Requirements Other Entities: UVM: Whole Building Air Tightness - Not greater than 0.15 cfm/ft2 at 75 Pa (ASTM E779, ASTM E1827) USACE: Whole Building Air Tightness - Not greater than 0.25 cfm/ft2 at 75 Pa (ASTM E779, ASTM E1827) Passive House: Whole Building Air Tightness – 0.6 ACH at 50 Pa, less than 140,000 ft3 (ASTM E779, ASTM E1827)
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 5 Building Air Leakage And Air Barrier Requirements
My Recommendations: Whole Building Air Tightness - Not greater than 0.25 cfm/ft2 at 75 Pa (ASTM E779, ASTM E1827) -OR- Whole Building Air Tightness – 1.0 ACH at 50 Pa, (ASTM E779, ASTM E1827)
Depending!
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 6 MATERIALS THAT ARE AIR BARRIERS
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 7 What makes a material an Air Barrier
Testing the material ◦ ASTM ◦ ASTM E2178–13: Standard Test Method for Air Permeance of Building Materials - 0.004 cfm/ft2 at 75 Pa pd
◦ ASTM E2357–11: Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage of Air Barrier Assemblies 0.04 cfm/ft2 at 75 Pa
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 8 ASTM E-2178 tests
ABAA defines an air barrier material as one that has been tested and has an air permeance less than 0.02 L/(s•m2) @ 75 Pa (0.004 cfm/ft2 @ 1.57 lb/ft2). Keep in mind that air permeance is the amount of air that migrates through a material, whereas air leakage is the air that passes through holes or gaps.
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 9 Typical Air Barrier (Membrane Type) Air Permeability
Carlisle Coatings & Waterproofing Fire Resist 705 FR-A
Air Permeance (ASTM E2178): 0.00016 L/(s • m2) @ 75 Pa [0.000032 cfm /ft2 @ 1.57 psf] Water Vapor Permeance (ASTM E96 - desiccant method): < 0.572 ng / Pa•s•m2 [[< 0.01 US Perms] Water Vapor Permeance (ASTM E96 - water method): < 0.572 ng / Pa•s•m2 [< 0.01 US Perms]
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 10 ASTM E2357 Testing
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 11 ASTM S2357 Testing
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 12 ASTM E2357 Testing
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 13 Common Air Barrier Building Materials
List of materials That generally meet ASTM E2178 ◦ Spray Polyurethane Foam, ◦ Self Adhered Membranes ◦ Fluid Applied Membranes ◦ XPS – Foam board Insulation ◦ Gypsum Wall Board ◦ Poured Concrete ◦ Was Wood Boards (Zip System)
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 14 Wall Assemblies Components That Are Not Air Barriers CMU Blocks Brick EXP insulation boards (Expanded Polystyrene ) Open cell foam insulation All kinds of fluffy insulation
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 15 Wall Materials considered Air Barriers by the State of Vermont
Plywood not less than 3/8” thick. OSB not less than 3/8” thick . Thermal barrier (continuous barrier, cavity insulation). Open cell (EPS) foam with density greater than 0.4 lbs/ft3 and thickness greater than 4.5 inches. Portland cement/sand or gypsum plaster not less than 5/8” thick. CMU fully grouted. Vermont commercial building energy standards 2015
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 16 TESTING MATERIALS, ADHESION, THICKNESS DENSITY POROSITY
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 17 Testing The Air Leakage Through Brick
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 18 Thickness Testing -Fluid Applied
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 19 Adhesion Testing ASTM D4541
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 20 Adhesion Testing Self Adhered
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 21 Visual Successful Adhesion Tests
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 22 Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 23 Adhesion test SPF (ASTM D4541)
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 24 Location of Adhesion Failure, Thickness
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 25 Thickness Testing
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 26 Density Testing
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 27 AIR LEAKAGE WHOLE BUILDINGS TESTING COMPONENTS MOCKUP AND COMPLETE BUILDINGS
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 28 Typical Assembly Air Leaks
Courtesy of Building Science Inc Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 29 Fenestration, Hole Covers Maximum Air Leakage Rates of Fenestration Assemblies Leakage Rate Assembly CFM/ft2 Windows 0.2 Sliding Doors 0.2 Swinging Doors 0.2 Skylights with Condensation Weeps 0.3 Skylights 0.2 Curtain Walls 0.1 Storefront Glazing 0.1 Commercial Glazed Swinging Door 1.0 Revolving Doors 1.0 Garage Doors 0.4 Rolling Doors 1.0 High Speed Doors 1.3
Test Pressure Difference Varies Source: 2015 VT Commercial Building Energy Standard Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 30 Real Life Hole And Hole Cover
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 31 Garage Doors Leak at 0.4 CFM/SQFT
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 32 Mock Up Testing Components
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 33 AN AIR BARRIER IS NOT AN AIR BARRIER UNLESS ITS CONTINUOUS
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 34 Connecting Air Barriers at Penetrations
TAC Architectural Group
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 35 Connecting Air Barriers at Penetrations
TAC Architectural Group
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 36 Air Barriers that take on other functions
Thermal Vapor permeable and non-permeable Water resistive Retaining webbing
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 37 IF THE ADDED FUNCTION IS WATER RESISTIVE BARRIER …. THEN IT NEEDS TO DRAIN WITH AS LITTLE OPPORTUNITY FOR LEAKING AS POSSIBLE
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 38 Shingle Lap Starts at the Bottom
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 39 And Works ITs Way to the Top
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 40 Air Barriers, Vapor Barriers, Thermal Barriers Water Resistive Layer ?
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 41 Air Barriers Incorporated into Water Control Assemblies
TAC Architectural Group Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 42 Ship Lap Transition Strips with Fluid Applied
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 43 Building the Shingle Lap Connection
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 44 Air Barriers and By Default Water Resistive Barriers
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 45 Connect the Air Barriers
TAC Architectural Group Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 46
Air Barrier Not Connected to Foundation
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 47 Real Life Air Leakage At Foundation Wall
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 48 Waiting for a Solution
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 49 Alternative solution
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 50 Connecting Wall to Foundation
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 51 Use of Transition Strips
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 52 TAC Architectural Group Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 53 Connecting Air Barriers Roof To Wall
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 54 Transition from Self Adhered to Poly
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 55 Almost Connecting the Air Barriers
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 56 Almost Connecting the Air Barriers
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 57 Not All Conditions are Shown In Detail
WTW Architects
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 58 Almost Connecting the Air Barriers
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 59 Not Connecting the Air Barriers, Design Oversite
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 60 Not Connection the Air Barriers, Contractor Oversite
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 61 Not Connecting Air Barriers
Symmes Maini & McKee Associates
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 62 Connecting the air barrier of different trades
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 63 Real Life Air Leakage At Wall / Roof Junctions
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 64 An Air Barrier Is Not An Air Barrier If Its Not Continuous
STV Incorporated
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 65 STV Incorporated Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 66 Termination bars Can Be Water Dams
Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 67 Connection That Allows Water To Fall Down
freeman french freeman Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 68 Turner Building Science and Design, LLC, 69