January 2001 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 507 - 1

CLASS 507, EARTH BORING, WELL TREATING, 127, Sugar, Starch and Carbohydrates, for pro­ AND OIL FIELD CHEMISTRY cesses for refining and manufacturing sugar, starch, and other carbohydrates. SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION 134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for washing or cleaning processes which include Compositions of matter for use in earth boring, well the use of detergents for contacting liquids with treating, or preventing contaminant deposits in petro­ solids. leum oil conduits having or not having structure, physi­ 137, Fluid Handling, for miscellaneous processes of cal form, or heterogeneous arrangement of components. handling materials in flow lines. 166, Wells, for processes of treating or operating a Processes of making, or processes peculiar to making well. such compositions and for which there is no provision 175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, for processes elsewhere. of drilling wells. See Notes under the definition for Class 507, subclass 100. Mere methods of use of said compositions or of a com­ 184, Lubrication, for lubricating processes. pound in earth boring, well treating, or in preventing 208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products. contaminant deposits in petroleum oil conduits. 210, Liquid Purification or Separation, for condi­ tioning well fluids above ground. (1) Note. In this class, each composition and 260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds. the processes that are peculiar to making 366, Agitating, for processes of mixing materials by the same are classified based on the whole agitation. Manipulative mixing processes for composition and its complete or primary compounding a composition from a plurality of function or quality, and such processes are ingredients are properly classified in Class 366 classified with the corresponding composi­ only if the ingredients are not sufficiently iden­ tion. tified to form a basis for classification in Class 507 or other appropriate composition classes. 405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES 258.1 for a method of earth treatment or con­ AND WITHIN THIS CLASS trol. 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions. Class 507 is to be considered an integral part of Class 422, Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving 252 (after subclass 611) and follows the schedule hierar­ or Sterilizing, and Chemical Apparatus, for chy, retaining all pertinent definitions and class lines of processes of corrosion inhibition nonspecific to Class 252. earth boring. 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, for com­ The rules for determining Class placement of the Origi­ pounds and nonmetallic elements, including nal Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions processes for their manufacture. are set forth in the Class Definition of Class 252 in the 427, Coating Processes, for coating processes, in section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND general. WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection COMPOSITION 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles. CLASS SUPERIORITY, which includes a hierarchical 435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiol­ ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION ogy, for processes of making chemical com­ CLASSES. pounds which include fermentation or ferments or other compositions for use in such processes or processes of making them, also for composi­ SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER tions comprising enzymes or microorganisms CLASSES which are not specific to earth boring. 516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcom­ SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: binations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabi­ 106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for composi­ lizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting, appropriate tions thereof or materials or ingredients used in subclasses for subject matter relating to: col­ the making of coating or plastic compositions loid systems (such as sols*, emulsions, disper­ which are not elsewhere classified (e.g., sions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) cement, etc.). or wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrat-

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ing, or spreading); subcombination composi­ tions of colloid systems containing at least an SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: agent specialized and designed for or peculiar 44, Fuel and Related Compositions, to use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; appropriate subclasses for processes compositions and subcombination composi­ of treating fuel oils to prevent corro­ tions specialized and designed for or peculiar sion of pipelines used to transport to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting col­ such fuel oils. loid systems; processes of making the compo­ 137, Fluid Handling, subclass 13 for mis­ sitions or systems of the class; processes of cellaneous processes of handling breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid sys­ materials in flow lines wherein flow tems; in each instance, when generically of the fluent material is facilitated by claimed or when there is no hierarchically the addition of material which affects superior provision in the USPC for the specifi­ the flow characteristics of the fluent cally claimed art, i.e., having no specific claim material or by the application of heat to earth boring. or other forms of energy. 520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for res­ 208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, ins and rubbers, per se, and for resin containing subclass 47 for processes of prevent­ compositions, the use or utility of which is not ing corrosion of the equipment during specifically provided for elsewhere. chemical conversion of mineral oils, subclasses 177+ for processes of pre- venting corrosion of equipment by refining the mineral oil to remove SUBCLASSES impurities which may cause such cor­ rosion, and subclass 370 for miscella­ 90 PREVENTING CONTAMINANT DEPOS­ neous treatments of mineral oils ITS IN PETROLEUM OIL CONDUITS: during transportation through con­ This subclass is indented under the class defini­ duits. tion. Composition specialized and designed 252, Compositions, subclasses 387+ for an for addition to petroleum oils during transpor­ anti-corrosion composition of general tation through conduits to prevent fouling or utility. clogging of the conduits due to components of 508, Solid Antifriction Devices, Materials the petroleum oils precipitating out during the Therefor, Lubricant and Separant transportation, or method of preparation, or Compositions for Moving Solid Sur­ mere method of use of said composition or a faces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil compound for the purposes mentioned above. Compositions, subclasses 110+, for mineral lubricating oil compositions (1) Note. This subclass also includes those which contain additives for prevent­ processes of treating the oils during ing corrosion of the pipe lines during transportation with nonmineral oil addi­ transportation of the oil. tives which are distinguished by the 516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; composition employed and do not Subcombinations Thereof; Processes include any significant manipulative of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or steps. The broad steps of introducing the Inhibiting, subclasses 31+ for colloid additives and using pressure or other systems of colloid-sized solid or semi- means recited by name only to continue solid phase dispersed in primarily conveyance of the oil through the con­ organic continuous liquid phase, sub- duit will not take the patent out of the classes 38+ for colloid systems of col­ scope of this subclass. loid-sized bituminous, coal, or Carbon phase dispersed in aqueous continu­ SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- ous liquid phase, subclasses 77+ for CLASS: colloid systems of colloid-sized solid 901, and 902-910, for Art Collections per­ phase dispersed in aqueous continu­ taining to subclasses 90-145. ous liquid phase; or agents for such systems or making or stabilizing

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(including preventing settling, sus­ does not take a method claim out of this pending agents, antiflocculants) such subclass. systems or agents; in each instance, when generically claimed or when Required characteristics of the borehole there is no hierarchically superior pro- environment will not take a method vision in the USPC for the specifically claim out of this subclass, e.g., tempera­ claimed art. ture, presence of specific materials, or conditions of the earthen formation. 100 EARTH BORING: This subclass is indented under the class defini­ (4) Note. Where a component is generically tion. Earth boring composition which is (a) a presented in inconsistent or functional liquid, gas, or fluid solid composition or com­ terms (e.g., surfactant, fluid loss control positional additive therefor which is special­ agent, etc.) in some of the claims, any ized and designed for use in earth boring while material(s) later specified as encom­ drilling is in progress, e.g., a well drilling mud; passed within the scope of said terms (b) process of preparing said composition; or will limit said terms for classification (c) mere method of use of said composition or purposes. For example, if claim 1 calls a compound for the purpose of (a) above. for a surfactant and claim 2 specifies the surfactant as being a PEG ether, and (1) Note. An earth boring additive consist­ there are no other claims specifying the ing of a single compound is classified in surfactant differently, then the original one of the compound classes (e.g., claim is classified in subclass 136 and Classes 260, 423, etc.). the general rules of cross-referencing still follow. (2) Note. Examples of compositional addi­ tives included in this and the indented (5) Note. The following rule applies to sub- subclasses: filter/water loss reducing classes 101-139. Traditional rules of agents, lost circulation controlling classification require no mandatory agents, packer fluids, corrosion inhibi­ cross-references beyond the lowest con- tors, gas hydrate inhibitors, lubricant trolling claim covered by this schedule. additives for prevention of stuck pipe, It is strongly recommended that docu­ other agents disclosed as useful in the ments be cross-referenced according to physical or chemical control of the well all appropriate subclasses, mandatory or fluid or borehole environment while not, based on all discrete organic compo­ drilling. nents of the claimed composition. For example, a composition comprising (3) Note. Methods of use included in this hydroxyethylcellulose, a higher fatty and the indented subclasses are those acid, and lignite is classified in subclass whose operative steps are limited to: (a) 107 as the original and additional cross- preparative steps of the fluid or additive references in subclasses 114 and 138 are prior to or concurrent with injection into highly recommended. the wellbore, (b) mere circulation or injection of a compound or composition (6) Note. When both ions of a salt are while drilling, or (c) mere mixing of a organic, each ion is classifiable as a sep­ compound or composition with a circu­ arate component. This is based on the lating fluid. fact that when in solution the two ions of a salt separate into two distinct compo­ The mere circulation of a drilling fluid nents, each one having a distinct func­ encompasses the pumping of said fluid tion. For example in this schedule, fatty into and out of the wellbore and return­ acid salts of imidazoline are classified ing said fluid back into the well. The rec­ first on the nitrogen-containing imidazo­ itation of a universal practice, such as the line cation and second on the fatty acid mere removal of cuttings from the fluid, anion. However, if a salt is presented that contains an organic ion with an organic

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counterion alternatively with an inor­ subclass 72 for processes to prevent ganic counterion and the organic counte­ circulation losses. rion is not controlling for classification 260, Chemistry, Carbon Compounds, for purposes, then only the former organic preparative methods of organic car- ion will be classified. bon compounds devoid of a method of use step in earth boring. (7) Note. Lost circulation agents are 423, Chemistry, Inorganic, for preparative included herein which may or may not methods of inorganic compounds be used while drilling is in progress. devoid of a method of use step in There is sufficient confusion over the earth boring. difference between lost circulation and 508, Solid Antifriction Devices, Materials fluid loss to warrant the above exception. Therefor, Lubricant and Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Sur­ (8) Note. Patents are classified in this and faces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil the indented subclasses based on the Compositions, particularly subclasses materials introduced into the wellbore. 110+, for lubricants in general. 516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Subcombinations Thereof; Processes 166, Wells, subclasses 244.1+, for well of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or processes involving more manipula­ Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for tive detail than in (3) Note, above. subject matter relating to: colloid sys­ 175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, for tems (such as sols*, emulsions, dis­ processes involving a positive recita­ persions, foams, aerosols, smokes, tion of boring or cutting the earth and gels, or pastes) or wetting agents the (3) Note, above; subclass 42 for (such as leveling, penetrating, or processes of testing, measuring, etc., spreading); subcombination composi­ by release of an indicating agent in the tions of colloid systems containing at drilling fluid; subclass 53 for pro­ least an agent specialized and cesses of enlarging an existing bore- designed for or peculiar to use in mak­ hole; subclass 54 for processes of ing or stabilizing colloid systems; fluid circulation entirely below compositions and subcombination ground; subclasses 58+ for processes compositions specialized and comprising earth sampling steps; sub- designed for or peculiar to use in classes 61+ for directional drilling breaking (resolving) or inhibiting col­ processes; subclass 64 for processes loid systems; processes of making the comprising a chemical reaction in compositions or systems of the class; situ; subclasses 65+ for processes of processes of breaking (resolving) or boring with fluid involving more than inhibiting colloid systems; in each the conventional use of fluid; subclass instance, when generically claimed or 66 for processes of treating spent or when there is no hierarchically supe­ used fluid which has been returned to rior provision in the USPC for the the earth surface from the borehole; specifically claimed art. subclass 67 for processes involving fluid erosion; subclass 68 for pro­ 101 Contains enzyme or living microorganism: cesses of treating a gaseous drilling This subclass is indented under subclass 100. fluid to prevent agglomerating or Composition comprising an enzyme or a werting by liquid naturally on the microorganism which is living when injected borehole; subclass 69 for processes into the wellbore. comprising the use of liquid and gas­ eous materials; subclass 70 for pro­ (1) Note. Cross-referencing within Class cesses comprising drilling with two or 507 according to all remaining organic more liquids which remain separated components of the composition is in the borehole; subclass 71 for pro­ strongly recommended. cesses of drilling with a gaseous fluid;

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proviso that hydrocyanic acid, cyanogen, iso­ SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: cyanic acid, cyanamide, cyanogen halides, 166, Wells, subclass 246 for processes isothiocyanic acid, metal carbides, and graphite involving the use of a microorganism. are excluded from being organic compounds. 435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses 183+ for (1) Note. Components or compositions enzyme containing compositions and thereof reciting heavy distillation prod­ subclasses 243+ for microorganism ucts (i.e., bottoms or pitch) of an origi­ containing compositions nonspecific nally specified material are classified to earth boring. according to said original material unless said products are otherwise identified. 102 Contains intended gaseous phase at entry into wellbore: (2) Note. Examples of components included This subclass is indented under subclass 100. in this subclass which are not provided Compositions which have an intentional gas­ for below are: petrolatum, paraffin, non- eous phase present as they are initially placed fatty waxes, rubber, organometallic com­ in the wellbore. plexes, and other compounds devoid of provided for functional groups, such as (1) Note. Drilling fluids comprising the lower fatty (i.e., those having less than 7 unintended presence of a gas, especially carbons) organic acids, etc. when such presence is avoided, are clas­ sified according to the other composition (3) Note. When a generic oil (e.g., mineral components. oil, fuel oil, etc.) is disclosed as part of a composition, the composition is classi­ (2) Note. A claimed composition with the fied according to the other components. intended creation of a gas inside the wellbore by in situ reaction is classified SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- according to the components present at CLASS: entry into the wellbore. 910, for a composition with an oil continu­ ous phase containing no aqueous SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: phase. 166, Wells, subclass 270 and 270.2 for injecting gaseous gel and surfactant; 104 Organic component is cellular or fibrous subclass 300 for well processes material derived from plant or animal including the creation of a gas inside source (e.g., wood, nutshell, paper, leather, the wellbore by in situ reaction; and cotton, etc.): subclasses 401+ for injecting a gas or This subclass is indented under subclass 103. gas mixture. Composition which contains a cellular or 175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, sub- fibrous material derived from a plant or animal class 69 for processes comprising the source, such as wood, nutshell, seed, cotton, use of liquid and gaseous materials paper, leather, hair, etc. and subclass 71 for processes of drill­ ing with a gaseous fluid. (1) Note. Cellular material includes natu­ rally occurring material which still 103 Contains organic component: retains a certain amount of the original This subclass is indented under subclass 100. tissue structure of the plant or animal. Composition including an organic component which is one having carbon therein and which (2) Note. Grinding, pulverizing, and commi­ is further characterized by the presence in the nuting does not result in the loss of origi­ molecule of (a) two carbon atoms bonded nal tissue structure of such material, together, (b) one atom of carbon bonded to at whereas extracting generally results in least one atom of hydrogen or halogen, or (c) the loss of original tissue structure in at one atom of carbon bonded to at least one atom least one of the products (i.e., the prod­ of nitrogen by a single or double bond, with the uct being extracted). In an extraction,

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however, some original tissue structure may not be destroyed, i.e., the material 108 Lignin or humate component contains sul­ from which a product is being extracted fur or is reacted with substance containing may retain structure. sulfur (e.g., lignosulfonate, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 107. (3) Note. Fossilized materials are not Composition wherein the lignin or humate included in this subclass. component contains sulfur or has been reacted with a substance containing sulfur (e.g., ligno­ SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- sulf(on)ate, sulfoalkylated humates, such as CLASS: sulfomethylated quebracho, sulfite liquor, etc.). 101, for earth boring compositions com­ prising enzymes or living microorgan­ (1) Note. Included in this subclass is a isms. humate component containing sulfur or 107, for fossilized humates. reacted with sulfur which is also grafted 112+, for cellulose or derivatives thereof, onto a polymer or resin. which in the absence of information to the contrary, is presumed devoid of (2) Note. The final component need not con­ cell structure. tain sulfur. 131+, for proteins containing no phospho­ rous, which in the absence of informa­ 109 Includes metal compound other than an tion to the contrary, is presumed alkali or alkaline earth metal compound devoid of cell structure. (e.g., Al, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cu, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 108. 105 Organic component contains fluorine Composition wherein said composition con­ bonded directly to carbon: tains a metal compound other than an alkali or This subclass is indented under subclass 103. alkaline earth metal compound. Composition containing a component having a direct carbon to fluorine bond. (1) Note. Alkali or alkaline earth metals include Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, 106 Organic component is lignin or humate or Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra. derivative thereof (e.g., tannin, quebracho extract, etc.): (2) Note. Included within this subclass are This subclass is indented under subclass 103. compositions which contain: (i) a lignin Composition which is a lignin or humate com­ or humate component containing sulfur ponent comprising humic or polyphenolic con­ or reacted with a substance containing taining substances or derivatives thereof (e.g., sulfur, and (ii) a metal other than alkali tannins, lignins, quebracho extract, pulp liquor, or alkaline earth metal, regardless of etc.). whether the two components (i and ii) are part of the same compound. (1) Note. Included in this subclass is a graft copolymer comprising a humate compo­ 110 Organic component is carbohydrate or nent grafted onto a polymer or resin. derivative thereof (e.g., sugar or gum, such as galactomannan, xanthan, etc.) or carbox­ 107 Humate component is fossilized (e.g., lignite, ylic acid ester of an alcohol which has five or leonardite, brown coal, etc.): more hydroxy groups bonded directly to This subclass is indented under subclass 106. carbons: Composition wherein the humate component is This subclass is indented under subclass 103. fossilized (e.g., lignite, leonardite, brown coal, Composition comprising a compound contain­ ASTM Type IV coal, etc.). ing an organic component which is a carbohy­ drate or derivative thereof or a carboxylic acid (1) Note. Included in this subclass is a fos­ ester of an alcohol which has five or more silized humate component grafted onto a hydroxy groups bonded directly to carbons polymer or resin. (e.g., sorbitan alkylate, etc.).

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(1) Note. Carbohydrate denotes a compound 115 Carbohydrate is hydroxyalkyl ether deriva­ with the empirical formula Cx(H2O)y, tive (e.g., HPG, etc.): wherein x is 5 or more and y is 5 or This subclass is indented under subclass 110. more, or derivative thereof (e.g., isolated Composition wherein said carbohydrate deriv­ gums, (poly)saccharides, sugars, etc.). ative is a hydroxyalkyl ether carbohydrate (e.g., hydroxypropylguar (HPG), etc.). (2) Note. Included in this subclass is a car­ bohydrate or derivative which is grafted SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- onto a polymer or resin. CLASS: 114, for hydroxyalkylcellulose. 111 Carbohydrate is starch or derivative thereof: 116 Ester is higher fatty or carboxylic acid ester This subclass is indented under subclass 110. (e.g., sorbitan oleate, etc.): Composition wherein said carbohydrate is This subclass is indented under subclass 110. starch or a derivative thereof such as modified Composition wherein said ester is a higher starch. fatty or carboxylic acid ester of an alcohol hav­ ing five or more hydroxy groups bonded 112 Carbohydrate is cellulose or derivative directly to carbons. thereof: This subclass is indented under subclass 110. (1) Note. A higher fatty acid denotes a Composition wherein said carbohydrate is cel­ monocarboxylic acid containing an lulose or a derivative thereof. unbroken chain of at least seven carbon atoms bonded to a carboxyl group. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 117 Organic component is solid synthetic resin: 104, for fibrous cellulose in which the This subclass is indented under subclass 103. fibrous character has been retained Composition wherein the organic component is from an original plant or animal a solid synthetic resin. source (e.g., paper, cotton, etc.). (1) Note. A solid synthetic resin for the pur­ 113 Carboxyalkylcellulose (e.g., CMC, CMHEC, pose of this class is a polymer which is etc.): described as a solid as such or described This subclass is indented under subclass 112. in one of the following terms: (1) coagu­ Composition wherein said cellulose derivative lated (2) elastic (3) elastomeric (4) fria­ is a carboxyalkylcellulose (e.g., carboxymeth­ ble (5) meltable (6) molten (7) powder ylcellulose (CMC), etc.). (8) rubber (9) thermoplastic. A wax is not considered to be a solid even if (1) Note. Also included in this subclass is a defined by one or more of the above carboxyalkylcellulose which has been terms. further derivatized (e.g., hydroxyethyl­ carboxymethylcellulose (CMHEC), (2) Note. In this area, the classification is etc.). dependent on the first appearing mono­ mer which is either part of the polymeric 114 Hydroxyalkylcellulose (e.g., HEC, etc.): backbone or has been reacted subsequent This subclass is indented under subclass 112. to polymerization, such as a graft or Composition wherein said cellulose derivative block copolymer. is a hydroxyalkyl ether cellulose (e.g., hydrox­ yethylcellulose (HEC), etc.). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 106+, for humate, lignin, lignite, or lignosul­ fonate graft copolymers. 112+, for carbohydrate or gum graft copoly­ mers.

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136, for polyalkoxylates (e.g., polyalkoxy­ nonionic bonding (e.g., acrylamidoalkane lated alkylphenol, etc.) or PEGtype sulfonates, etc.): polymers. This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Composition wherein both nitrogen and sulfur 118 Resin is polymer derived from ethylenic are attached to the acrylic moiety through monomers only (e.g., maleic, itaconic, etc.): direct or indirect nonionic bonding, (e.g., acry­ This subclass is indented under subclass 117. lamidoalkylsulfonates, etc.). Composition containing a resin which is a polymer derived from ethylenically unsatur­ (1) Note. A composition with nitrogen and/ ated monomers only. or sulfur as part of a mere counterion to an ethylenic moiety is not a basis for (1) Note. Crosslinking an ethylenic polymer including such a composition in this sub- with a nonethylenic crosslinking agent class. For example, poly (N,N,N-tri­ will not take the polymer out of this sub- alkyl-aminoalkylacrylate) sulfate salt is class. included in subclass 120.

(2) Note. The ethylenically unsaturated 122 Sulfur is attached directly or indirectly to monomer requires the presence of two the ethylenic monomer by nonionic bond­ aliphatic carbon atoms bonded together ing: by a double or triple bond. See Class This subclass is indented under subclass 118. 526, subclass 72, for a detailed discus­ Composition , wherein said polymer contains sion of polymers from only ethylenic sulfur attached to an ethylenic moiety directly monomers. or indirectly by nonionic bonding.

119 Polymer derived from acrylic acid monomer (1) Note. A composition with sulfur as part or derivative: of a mere counterion to an ethylenic This subclass is indented under subclass 118. moiety is not a basis for including such a Composition containing a polymer derived composition in this subclass. For exam­ from at least one acrylic acid monomer or ple, a poly(vinylpyridinium) sulfate is derivative, (e.g., from CH2=C(R)-X, wherein included in subclass 123. X is carbonyl, etc., and R is H or alkyl). 123 Hetero nitrogen ring is attached directly or (1) Note. Included in this subclass are meth­ indirectly to the ethylenic monomer by non- acrylate polymers, etc. ionic bonding: This subclass is indented under subclass 118. 120 Nitrogen is attached directly or indirectly to Composition wherein said polymer contains a the acrylic acid monomer or derivative by nitrogen containing hetero ring which is nonionic bonding (e.g., acrylamide, acry­ attached to an ethylenic moiety directly or indi­ lonitrile, etc.): rectly by nonionic bonding. This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Composition , wherein nitrogen is attached to (1) Note. A hetero ring as part of a mere the acrylic moiety through direct or indirect counterion to an ethylenic moiety is not nonionic bonding. a basis for including such a composition in this subclass. For example, a pyridin­ (1) Note. A composition with nitrogen as ium poly(vinyl sulfate) is classified in part of a mere counterion to an ethylenic subclass 122. An additional cross refer­ moiety is not a basis for including such a ence in subclass 130 is highly recom­ composition in this subclass. For exam­ mended (see subclass 100, (5) Note). ple, ammonium polyacrylates are included in subclass 119. (2) Note. The term “hetero ring” denotes a ring having carbon and at least one atom 121 Sulfur is attached directly or indirectly to from the group consisting of nitrogen, the acrylic acid monomer or derivative by oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium as ring members and contains no other

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element as a ring member. As the term relates to this subclass, nitrogen must be (1) Note. Included in this subclass are sili­ one of the hetero atoms in the ring. cones, siloxanes, organosilanes, alkylsil­ icates, etc. 124 Polymer contains vinyl alcohol unit: This subclass is indented under subclass 118. (2) Note. A composition with silicon as part Composition wherein said polymer comprises of a mere counterion to an ionic com­ at least one vinyl alcohol unit. pound is not a basis for including such a composition in this subclass. For exam­ (1) Note. In the absence of information to ple, a quaternary ammonium silicate is the contrary, a hydrolysis product of included in subclass 129. polyvinyl acetate is polyvinyl alcohol and is provided for herein. 128 Organic component contains phosphorous attached directly or indirectly to carbon by 125 Carbocyclic ring is attached directly or indi­ nonionic bonding: rectly to the ethylenic monomer by nonionic This subclass is indented under subclass 103. bonding (e.g., styrene, vinyl toluene, etc.): Composition wherein phosphorous is attached This subclass is indented under subclass 118. to carbon directly or indirectly by nonionic Composition wherein said polymer contains a bonding. carbocyclic ring which is attached to an ethyl­ enic moiety directly or indirectly by nonionic (1) Note. Included herein are alkyl phos­ bonding. phates, phosphonates, phosphatides (e.g., lecithin), etc. (1) Note. A composition with a carbocyclic ring as part of a mere counterion to an (2) Note. A composition with phosphorous ethylenic moiety is not a basis for as part of a mere counterion to an ionic including such a composition in this sub- compound is not a basis for including class. For example, a tetraphenylammo­ such a composition in this subclass. For nium poly(vinyl phosphonate) is example, a quaternary ammonium phos­ classified in subclass 118. An additional phate is included in subclass 129. crossreference in subclass 129 is highly recommended (see subclass 100, (5) 129 Organic component contains nitrogen Note). attached directly or indirectly to carbon by nonionic bonding: 126 Organic component is asphalt or a compo­ This subclass is indented under subclass 103. nent or derivative thereof: Composition wherein nitrogen is attached to This subclass is indented under subclass 103. carbon directly or indirectly by nonionic bond­ Composition wherein said organic component ing. is asphalt or a component or derivative thereof. (1) Note. A composition with nitrogen as (1) Note. This subclass provides for GILSO­ part of a mere counterion to an ionic NITE (a tradename for an asphaltite), compound is not a basis for including manjak, bitumen, brown asphalt, such a composition in this subclass. For asphaltenes, maltenes, macadem, etc. example, an ammonium alkylsulfonate is included in subclass 135; however, if the 127 Organic component contains silicon ammonium cation is a quaternary alky­ attached directly or indirectly to carbon by lammonium, then placement is in sub- nonionic bonding: class 129. An additional crossreference This subclass is indented under subclass 103. in subclass 135 is highly recommended Composition wherein silicon is attached to (see subclass 100, (5) Note). organic carbon directly or indirectly by non- ionic bonding. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 140+, for cyanate and isocyanate salts.

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magnesium nitrate is classifiable in sub- 130 Nitrogen is part of a hetero ring: class 103, above). This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Composition wherein said component contains 133 Organic component contains an ether link- nitrogen as part of a hetero ring (e.g., methyl­ age: ene blue, imidazoline, pyridine, piperidine, This subclass is indented under subclass 131. etc.). Composition wherein the organic component contains an ether linkage; i.e., two carbons (1) Note. The term “hetero ring” denotes a directly bonded to the same oxygen atom (e.g., ring having carbon and at least one atom polyoxyalkyleneamines, etc.). from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium 134 Organic component contains sulfur attached as ring members and contains no other directly or indirectly to carbon by nonionic element as a ring member. For the pur­ bonding: poses of this subclass, the hetero ring This subclass is indented under subclass 103. requires the presence of nitrogen. Composition wherein the organic component contains sulfur directly or indirectly attached to 131 Oxygen is attached directly or indirectly to carbon by nonionic bonding (e.g., sulfates, carbon by nonionic bonding: etc.). This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Composition wherein the organic component (1) Note. Sulfur as part of a counterion to an contains nitrogen and oxygen, both of which ionic compound is not a basis for includ­ are attached to carbon directly or indirectly by ing a composition in this subclass (for nonionic bonding (e.g., alkanolamines, amino example, a quaternary alkylarsonium acids, EDTA, etc.). sulfate is classifiable in subclass 103).

(1) Note. Nitrogen and/or oxygen as part of (2) Note. An organic material which has a mere counterion to an ionic compound been sulfurized without identification of does not bring the composition into this a direct carbon-sulfur bond is classifi­ subclass (for example, an alkylmagne­ able herein, whereas an organic material sium nitrate is classified in subclass 103, which has been sulfonated is sufficient above). identification of a carbon-sulfur bond to allow placement of such a component in (2) Note. Solid inorganic oxides treated with subclass 135. a nitrogen containing organic compound are not covalently linked unless there is 135 Organic component contains a sulfur disclosure to the contrary and are classi­ attached directly to carbon by nonionic fied in subclass 129. bonding (e.g., sulfonate, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 134. 132 Organic component contains a nitrogen Composition wherein the organic component attached directly to oxygen by nonionic contains a sulfur which is attached to a carbon bonding (e.g., nitroaromatic, amineoxide, directly by nonionic bonding (e.g., sulfonates, etc.): thiols, mercaptans, thioethers, etc.). This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Composition wherein the organic component 136 Organic component contains ether linkage contains a direct nitrogen to oxygen nonionic (e.g., PEG ether, etc.): bond, (e.g., trimethylamine oxide, nitroaromat­ This subclass is indented under subclass 103. ics, nitrosoaromatics, etc.). Composition wherein the organic component contains an ether linkage to organic carbon (1) Note. Nitrogen and/or oxygen as part of (e.g., cyclic ethers, such as pyrans, furans, a mere counterion to an ionic compound crown ethers, etc.; linear ethers; and poly- is not a basis for including a composition ethers, such as polyalkoxylated alkylphenols, in this subclass (for example, an alkyl­ polyalkylene glycols, etc.).

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137 Organic component contains a carbocyclic Means a monocarboxylic acid containing an unbroken This subclass is indented under subclass 103. chain of at least 7 carbon atoms bonded to a carboxyl group (e.g., cyclic alkyl, aromatic, tall oil, group, e.g., lauric, palmitic, stearic, oleic, ricinoleic, etc.): Composition wherein the organic compo­ linoleic, and behenolic, etc. Where there are several nent contains at least one identified ring of car- unbroken chains of carbon atoms bonded to the car­ bon atoms (e.g., cyclic alkyls, aromatics, tall boxyl group, one of the chains must contain at least 7 oils, such as abietic acid containing composi­ carbon atoms. tions, etc.). 139 Organic component contains an alcohol 138 Organic component is a fat, fatty alcohol, group: fatty oil, ester-type wax, fatty still residue, or This subclass is indented under subclass 103. higher fatty acid or salt thereof: Composition wherein the organic component This subclass is indented under subclass 103. contains an alcohol linkage to organic carbon. Composition wherein the organic component is a fat, fatty alcohol, fatty oil, ester-type wax, SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- fatty still residue, or higher fatty acid, includ­ CLASS: ing salts thereof. 131, for alkanolamines and other nitrogen containing alcohols. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 138, for fatty alcohols. CLASS: 116, for carbohydrate esters of fatty acids. 140 Contains inorganic component other than 137, for tall oil, rosin, rosin acids, resin water or clay: acids, abietic acids, and other organic This subclass is indented under subclass 100. components containing carbocyclic Compositions containing an inorganic compo­ groups. nent other than water or clay.

GLOSSARY (1) Note. The term “clay” encompasses the following: fuller's earth, bentonite, ESTER-TYPE WAXES montmorillonite, attapulgite, palygors­ kite, halloysite, illite, kaolinite, hectorite, Means waxes which are essentially esters in chemical sepiolite, etc. structure, e.g., beeswax, montan wax, carnauba wax, spermaceti, etc. (2) Note. The compositions proper for this and the indented subclasses may contain FATS, FATTY OILS water or clay, but they must also contain an inorganic component in addition to Means the glycerides of higher fatty acids, including the water or clay. naturally occurring mixtures thereof present in a single oil or fat. (3) Note. For the purposes of this and the indented subclasses, the term “water” FATTY STILL RESIDUES does not include seawater brine.

By this term it is intended to include the bottoms, tars, SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- or pitches resulting from distillation of fats, oils, and CLASS: waxes. 145, for a composition containing normal seawater brine without the addition of FATTY ALCOHOL any of the components proper for sub- classes 100 through 144. Means an alcohol containing an unbroken chain of at least 7 carbon atoms bonded to a hydroxy group.

HIGHER FATTY ACID

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141 Inorganic component contains soluble SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- potassium salt: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 140. 145, for a composition containing normal Composition wherein the inorganic component seawater brine without the addition of contains a potassium ion which is soluble in any of the components proper for sub- the boring medium. classes 100 through 144.

(1) Note. The composition of this subclass 144 Inorganic component is asbestos: must contain potassium ion other than as This subclass is indented under subclass 140. a mere component in a normal seawater Composition wherein the inorganic component brine. is asbestos.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- (1) Note. Asbestos is a fibrous magnesium CLASS: and/or iron silicate containing calcium. 145, for a composition containing normal The term encompasses amanthius, earth seawater brine without the addition of or stone flax, chrysotile, anthophyllite, any of the components proper for sub- amosite, actinolite, tremolite, and croci­ classes 100 through 144. dolite in the surpentine or amphibole forms. 142 Inorganic component contains phospho­ rous: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 140. CLASS: Composition wherein the inorganic component 145, for a composition containing normal contains phosphorous. seawater brine without the addition of any of the components proper for sub- (1) Note. The composition of this subclass classes 100 through 144. must contain phosphorous other than as a mere component of a normal seawater 145 Inorganic component is soluble in boring brine. medium: This subclass is indented under subclass 140. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Composition wherein the inorganic component CLASS: is soluble in the boring medium. 145, for a composition containing normal seawater brine without the addition of SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- any of the components proper for sub- CLASS: classes 100 through 144. 901, and 902-910, for Art Collections per­ taining to subclasses 90-145. 143 Inorganic component is elemental metal or alloy: 200 WELL TREATING: This subclass is indented under subclass 140. This subclass is indented under the class defini­ Composition wherein the inorganic component tion. Well treating compositions which are (a) is an elemental metal or alloy. liquid, gas, or fluid solid (e.g., powder, etc.) compositions or compositional additives there- (1) Note. A metal is defined as a material for and which are specialized and designed for having a continuous phase of any ele­ use in well treating; (b) processes of preparing ment of the periodic table except hydro­ such compositions; or (c) mere methods of use gen, noble gas, a halogen, a chalcogen of said compositions or of a compound for the (oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium), purpose of (a) above. nitrogen, phosphorous, carbon, and boron. (1) Note. This subclass and those indented hereunder also include those processes (2) Note. An alloy is defined as a mixture of of treating wells which are distinguished two or more metallic elements. primarily by the compositions employed

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and do not include any significant surfactant differently, then the original manipulative step. The inclusion of the claim is classified in subclasses 261+. broad steps of introducing the composi­ tion into a well, producing the well, or (7) Note. The following rule applies to sub- the broad removal of the spent material classes 203 through 268. It is strongly from the well in a conventional manner recommended that documents be cross- will not take a patent out of this or the referenced according to all appropriate indented subclasses. See the SEARCH subclasses, mandatory or not, based on CLASS reference to Class 507 which is all discrete organic components of the found in Class 166, subclass 244.1, for claimed composition. For example, a further discussion of significant manipu­ composition comprising hydroxyethyl­ lative steps. cellulose, a higher fatty acid, and lignite is classified in subclass 206 as the origi­ (2) Note. Compositions employed for con­ nal and additional cross-references in solidating a formation in a well or for subclasses 216 and 265 are highly rec­ cementing a well are in Class 106, Com­ ommended. positions: Coating or Plastic; Class 523, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers; (8) Note. When both ions of a salt are and Class 524, Synthetic Resins or Natu­ organic, each ion is classifiable as a sep­ ral Rubbers. arate component. This is based on the fact that when in solution the two ions of (3) Note. Compositions which are designed a salt separate into two distinct compo­ to be used to enhance the permeability of nents, each one having a distinct func­ producing formations by producing flow tion. For example, in this schedule, fatty channels (e.g., fracturing, removal or acid salts of imidazoline are classified prevention of deposits, acidizing, water first on the nitrogen-containing imidazo­ flooding, treatment with surfactant, anti- linium cation and second on the fatty corrosion, etc.) are classified in this and acid anion. However, if a salt is pre­ the indented subclasses. sented that contains an organic ion with an organic counterion alternatively with (4) Note. A well treating additive consisting an inorganic counterion, and the organic of a single compound is classified in one counterion is not controlling for classifi­ of the compound classes (e.g., Classes cation purposes, then classification will 260, 423, etc.). be based only on the former organic ion.

(5) Note. Required characteristics of the (9) Note. Chelated, complexed, and coordi­ borehole environment will not take a nated organic moieties with metal are method claim out of this or the indented considered to have some nonionic char­ subclasses (e.g., temperature, presence acter in the bond between the metal and of specific materials, or conditions of the the organic moiety (i.e., there is usually earthen formation). some amount of electron sharing or donating). As such, these chelated, com­ (6) Note. Where a component is generically plexed, and coordinated metals are clas­ presented in inconsistent or functional sified as if the metal is part of the terms (e.g., surfactant, fluid loss control compound. agent, etc.) in some of the claims, any material(s) later specified as encom­ (10) Note. It is very strongly recommended passed within the scope of said terms that all compositions having an intended will limit said terms for classification utility which is specified in the cross-ref­ purposes. For example, if claim 1 calls erence art collection (i.e., 901 through for a surfactant and claim 2 specifies the 907 and 920 through 940) be cross-refer­ surfactant as being a PEG ether, and enced into these subclasses. there are no other claims specifying the

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compositions or systems of the class; (11) Note. If the only disclosed utility of the processes of breaking (resolving) or composition claimed is to a process clas­ inhibiting colloid systems; in each sifiable in Class 166, a cross-reference to instance, when generically claimed or Class 166 is strongly recommended. when there is no hierarchically supe­ rior provision in the USPC for the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- specifically claimed art. CLASS: 523, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, 100+, for earth boring compositions and subclasses 130+ for a composition processes which involve no more than having utility in consolidating a for­ the mere use of such compositions. mation in a well or in cementing a Included in these compositions are well or to processes of preparing said lost circulation compositions. composition. 901, and 902-907, and 920-940, for Art 524, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, Collections pertaining to subclasses subclasses 2+ for a water settable 200-277. inorganic composition containing a synthetic resin or natural rubber. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 201 Contains enzyme or living micro-organism: subclasses 638+ for a coating or plas­ This subclass is indented under subclass 200. tic composition containing an inor­ Compositions containing an enzyme or a ganic settable ingredient which is not micro-organism which is living when placed in a synthetic resin or natural rubber. the well. 166, Wells, subclasses 244.1+ for signifi­ cantly claimed steps of well treating SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: or operating. 166, Wells, subclass 246 for well processes 260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for proper for Class 166 according to the organic compounds, per se, and for Class 166 main class definitions preparative methods of organic com­ involving the use of a micro-organ- pounds devoid of a method-of-use ism. step pertaining to well treating. 435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, Microbiology, subclasses 183+ for for preparative methods of inorganic enzyme containing compositions and compounds devoid of a method-of- subclasses 243+ for compositions use step pertaining to well treating. containing micro-organisms which 516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; are nonspecific to well treating and Subcombinations Thereof; Processes subclasses 262+ for compositions of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or containing enzymes or micro-organ- Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for isms used to destroy hazardous or subject matter relating to: colloid sys­ toxic waste; liberate, separate, or tems (such as sols*, emulsions, dis­ purify a preexisting compound or persions, foams, aerosols, smokes, composition; or to clean objects or gels, or pastes) or wetting agents textiles. (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading); subcombination composi­ 202 Contains intended gaseous phase at entry tions of colloid systems containing at into wellbore: least an agent specialized and This subclass is indented under subclass 200. designed for or peculiar to use in mak­ Compositions which have an intentional gas­ ing or stabilizing colloid systems; eous phase present as they are initially placed compositions and subcombination in the wellbore. compositions specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in (1) Note. Well treating fluids comprising the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting col­ unintended presence of a gas, especially loid systems; processes of making the when such presence is avoided, are clas-

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sified according to the other composition components. (3) Note. When a generic oil (e.g., mineral oil, fuel oil, etc.) is disclosed as part of a (2) Note. A claimed well treating composi­ composition, the composition is classi­ tion with the intended creation of a gas fied according to the other components. inside the wellbore by in situ reaction is classified according to the components (4) Note. Chelated, complexed, and coordi­ present at entry into the wellbore. nated organic moieties with metal are considered to have some nonionic char­ (3) Note. A well treating composition acter in the bond between the metal and described as being saturated with a gas is the organic moiety (i.e., there is usually not a sufficient indication of a discrete some amount of electron sharing or gaseous phase being present. Composi­ donating). As such, these chelated, com­ tions saturated with a gas are placed plexed, and coordinated metals are clas­ elsewhere in this schedule based on the sified as if the metal is part of the other composition components. compound.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 204 Organic component is cellular or fibrous 166, Wells, subclass 270 and 270.2 for material derived from plant or animal injecting gaseous gel and surfactant; source (e.g., wood, nutshell, paper, leather, subclass 300 for well processes cotton, etc.): including the creation of a gas inside This subclass is indented under subclass 203. the wellbore by in situ reaction; and Compositions which contain a cellular or subclasses 401+ for injecting a gas or fibrous material derived from a plant or animal gas mixture. source such as wood, nutshell, seed, cotton, paper, leather, hair, etc. 203 Contains organic component: This subclass is indented under subclass 200. (1) Note. Cellular material includes natu­ Compositions including a component having rally occurring material which still carbon therein and which is further character­ retains a certain amount of the original ized by the presence in the molecule of (a) two tissue structure of the plant or animal. carbon atoms bonded together or (b) one atom of carbon bonded to at least one atom of hydro­ (2) Note. Grinding, pulverizing, and commi­ gen or halogen or (c) one atom of carbon nuting does not result in the loss of origi­ bonded to at least one atom of nitrogen by a nal tissue structure of such material, single or double bond, with the proviso that whereas extracting generally results in hydrocyanic acid, cyanogen, isocyanic acid, the loss of original tissue structure in at cyanamide, cyanogen halides, isothiocyanic least one of the products (e.g., the prod­ acid, metal carbides, and graphite are excluded uct being extracted). In an extraction, from being organic compounds. however, some original tissue structure may not be destroyed (i.e., the material (1) Note. Components or compositions from which a product is being extracted thereof reciting heavy distillation prod­ may retain structure). ucts (i.e., bottoms or pitch) of an origi­ nally specified material are classified (3) Note. Fossilized materials are not according to said original material unless included in this subclass. said products are otherwise identified. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- (2) Note. Examples of components included CLASS: in this subclass which are not provided 201, for well treating compositions con­ for below are petrolatum, paraffin, rub­ taining enzymes or living micro- ber, organometallic complexes, and organisms. other compounds devoid of provided-for 206, for fossilized humates. functional groups.

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214+, for cellulose or derivatives thereof, which, in the absence of information 208 Includes metal compound other than an to the contrary, are presumed devoid alkali or alkaline earth metal compound of cell structure. (e.g., Al, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cu, etc.): 244, for proteins containing no phospho­ This subclass is indented under subclass 207. rous, which, in the absence of infor­ Compositions which contain a metal com­ mation to the contrary, are presumed pound where the metal is other than an alkali or devoid of cell structure. alkaline earth metal (e.g., Al, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cu, etc.). 205 Organic component contains fluorine bonded directly to carbon: (1) Note. Alkali or alkaline earth metals This subclass is indented under subclass 203. include Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Compositions containing a component having Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra. a direct carbon to fluorine bond. (2) Note. Included within this subclass are 206 Organic component is lignin or humate or compositions which contain: (i) a lignin derivative thereof (e.g., tannin, quebracho or humate component containing sulfur extract, etc.): or reacted with a substance containing This subclass is indented under subclass 203. sulfur, and (ii) a metal other than alkali Compositions which contain a lignin or a or alkaline earth metal, regardless of humate component comprising humic or whether the two components (i and ii) polyphenolic containing substances or deriva­ are part of the same compound. tives thereof (e.g., lignite, leonardite, tannins, lignins, quebracho extract, pulp liquor, brown 209 Organic component is carbohydrate or coal, etc.). derivative thereof (e.g., sugar or gum, such as galactomannan, etc.) or carboxylic acid (1) Note. Included in this subclass is a graft ester of an alcohol which has five or more copolymer comprising a lignin or hydroxy groups bonded directly to carbons: humate component grafted onto a poly­ This subclass is indented under subclass 203. mer or resin. Compositions containing an organic compo­ nent which is a carbohydrate or derivative 207 Lignin or humate component contains sul­ thereof or a carboxylic acid ester of an alcohol fur or is reacted with substance containing which has five or more hydroxy groups bonded sulfur (e.g., lignosulfonate, etc.): directly to carbons (e.g., sorbitan alkylate, This subclass is indented under subclass 206. etc.). Compositions wherein the humate or lignin component contains sulfur or has been reacted (1) Note. Carbohydrates are compounds with a substance containing sulfur (e.g., ligno­ which are saccharides whose monomeric sulfonate, lignosulfate, sulfoalkylated humates units are polyhydroxy monoaldehydes or such as sulfomethylated quebracho, sulfite polyhydroxy monoketones having the liquor, etc.). empirical formula Cn(H20)n (wherein n is five or six) or the corresponding cyclic (1) Note. Included in this subclass is a lignin hemiacetals thereof, or the reaction or humate component containing sulfur derivatives thereof in which the carbon or reacted with sulfur which is also skeleton and the carbonyl function or grafted onto a polymer or resin. hemiacetal function of the saccharide unit are not destroyed. (2) Note. The final component need not con­ tain sulfur. 210 Carbohydrate has been grafted onto solid synthetic resin: This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Compositions wherein the carbohydrate has been grafted onto a solid synthetic resin.

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211 Carbohydrate is polysaccharide: (1) Note. Also included in this subclass is a This subclass is indented under subclass 209. carboxyalkylcellulose which has been Compositions wherein the carbohydrate is a further derivatized (e.g., hydroxyethyl­ polysaccharide. carboxymethylcellulose (CMHEC), etc.). (1) Note. For the purposes of this and the indented subclasses, a polysaccharide is 216 Hydroxyalkylcellulose (e.g., HEC, etc.): a saccharide with two or more sugar This subclass is indented under subclass 214. moieties covalently bonded to each Compositions wherein said cellulose derivative other. is a hydroxyalkylcellulose (e.g., hydroxyethyl­ cellulose (HEC), etc.). 212 Polysaccharide is starch or derivative thereof: 217 Polysaccharide is hydroxyalkyl ether deriv­ This subclass is indented under subclass 211. ative (e.g., HPG, etc.): Compositions wherein the polysaccharide is This subclass is indented under subclass 211. starch or a derivative thereof such as modified Compositions wherein the polysaccharide is a starch or cationic starch. hydroxyalkyl ether carbohydrate derivative (e.g., hydroxypropylguar (HPG), etc.). 213 Polysaccharide is a xanthan (e.g., scleroglu­ cans, etc.): SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 211. CLASS: Compositions wherein the polysaccharide is a 216, for hydroxyalkylcellulose. xanthan such as scleroglucan, etc. 218 Ester is higher fatty or carboxylic acid ester (1) Note. Xanthans are polysaccharide gums (e.g., sorbitan oleate, etc.): composed of D-glucosyl, D-mannosyl, This subclass is indented under subclass 209. and D-glucosyluronic acid residues and Compositions wherein the ester is a higher differing proportions of O-acetyl and fatty or carboxylic acid ester of an alcohol hav­ pyruvic acid acetal. The primary struc­ ing five or more hydroxy groups bonded ture consists of a cellulose backbone directly to carbons. with trisaccharide side chains, with the repeating unit being a pentasaccharide. (1) Note. A higher fatty acid denotes a monocarboxylic acid containing an 214 Polysaccharide is cellulose or derivative unbroken chain of at least seven carbon thereof: atoms bonded to a carboxyl group. This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Compositions wherein the polysaccharide is 219 Organic component is solid synthetic resin: cellulose or a derivative thereof. This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Compositions wherein the organic component SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- is a solid synthetic resin. CLASS: 204, for fibrous cellulose in which the (1) Note. A solid synthetic resin is a poly­ fibrous character has been retained mer which is described as a solid or is from an original plant or animal described in one of the following terms: source (e.g., paper, cotton, etc.). (a) coagulated; (b) elastic; (c) elasto­ meric; (d) friable; (e) meltable; (f) mol­ 215 Carboxyalkylcellulose (e.g., CMC, CMHEC, ten; (g) powder; (h) rubber; (i) etc.): thermoplastic. A wax is not considered This subclass is indented under subclass 214. to be a solid even if defined by one or Compositions wherein the cellulose derivative more of the above terms. is a carboxyalkylcellulose (e.g., carboxymeth­ ylcellulose (CMC), etc.). (2) Note. In this area, the classification is dependent on a monomer which is either

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part of the polymeric backbone or has been reacted subsequent to polymeriza­ (1) Note. A quaternary ammonium moiety tion, such as a graft or block copolymer, which contains no nonionic bond to the and appears first in the instant schedule. polymer is classified primarily according A monomer is a material which occurs in to functional groups which are a polymer as a repeating unit. covalently bound to the polymer. A cross-reference to subclass 240 is SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- strongly recommended. CLASS: 206+, for humate, lignin, lignite, or lignosul­ 223 Nitrogen of the quaternary ammonium fonate graft copolymers. group is a member of a hetero ring: 209+, for carbohydrate or gum graft copoly­ This subclass is indented under subclass 222. mers. Compositions wherein the nitrogen is a mem­ 261, for polyalkoxylates (e.g., polyalkoxy­ ber of a hetero ring. lated alkylphenol, etc.) or PEG-type polymers which are not resins. 224 Polymer derived from acrylic acid monomer or derivative: 220 Resin is polymer derived from phenolic and This subclass is indented under subclass 221. aldehydic monomers: Compositions containing a polymer derived This subclass is indented under subclass 219. from at least one acrylic acid monomer or Compositions wherein the resin is a polymer derivative (e.g., from CH2=C(R)-X, wherein X derived from phenolic and aldehydic mono­ is carbonyl,etc., and R is H or alkyl, etc.). mers. (1) Note. Included in this subclass are meth­ 221 Resin is polymer derived from ethylenic acrylate polymers, etc. monomers only (e.g., maleic, itaconic, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 219. 225 Nitrogen is attached directly or indirectly to Compositions wherein the resin is a polymer the acrylic acid monomer or derivative by derived from ethylenically unsaturated mono­ nonionic bonding (e.g., acrylamide, acry­ mers only. lonitrile, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 224. (1) Note. The ethylenically unsaturated Compositions wherein nitrogen is attached to monomer requires the presence of two the acrylic moiety through direct or indirect aliphatic carbon atoms bonded together nonionic bonding. by a double or triple bond. See Class 526, subclass 72, for a detailed discus­ (1) Note. A composition with nitrogen as sion of polymers from only ethylenic part of a mere counterion to an ethylenic monomers. moiety is not a basis for including such a composition in this subclass. For exam­ (2) Note. Cross-linking an ethylenic poly­ ple, ammonium polyacrylates are mer with a nonethylenic cross-linking included in subclass 224. agent will not take the polymer out of this subclass. 226 Sulfur is attached directly or indirectly to the acrylic acid monomer or derivative by 222 Polymer derived from monomer having nonionic bonding (e.g., acrylamidoalkane quaternary ammonium group: sulfonates, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 221. This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Compositions wherein the polymer has been Compositions wherein both nitrogen and sulfur derived from an ethylenic monomer containing are attached to the acrylic moiety through a quaternary ammonium group and where the direct or indirect nonionic bonding (e.g., acry­ ammonium nitrogen is attached to the ethylenic lamidoalkylsulfonates, etc.). monomer by direct or indirect nonionic bond­ ing. (1) Note. A composition with nitrogen or sulfur as part of a mere counterion to an

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ethylenic moiety is not a basis for including such a composition in this sub- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- class. For example, poly (N,N,N-trialky­ CLASS: laminoalkylacrylate sulfate salt is 242, for organic N-heterocyclic cations to included in subclass 225. polymeric anions.

227 Sulfur is attached directly or indirectly to 230 Polymer contains vinyl alcohol unit: the ethylenic monomer by nonionic bond­ This subclass is indented under subclass 221. ing: Compositions wherein the polymer contains a This subclass is indented under subclass 221. vinyl alcohol unit. Compositions wherein the polymer contains sulfur attached to an ethylenic moiety directly (1) Note. In the absence of information to or indirectly by nonionic bonding. the contrary, a hydrolysis product of polyvinyl acetate is polyvinyl alcohol (1) Note. A composition with sulfur as part and is provided for herein. of a mere counterion to an ethylenic moiety is not a basis for including such a 231 Carbocyclic ring is attached directly or indi­ composition in this subclass. For exam­ rectly to the ethylenic monomer by nonionic ple, a poly(vinylphosphonium) sulfate is bonding (e.g., styrene, vinyl toluene, etc.): included in subclass 221. This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Compositions wherein the polymer contains a 228 Monomer contains benzene ring and sul­ carbocyclic ring which is attached to an ethyl­ fonate group: enic moiety directly or indirectly by nonionic This subclass is indented under subclass 227. bonding. Compositions wherein the monomer contains a benzene ring and a sulfonate group. (1) Note. A composition with a carbocyclic ring as part of a mere counterion to an 229 Hetero nitrogen ring is attached directly or ethylenic moiety is not a basis for indirectly to the ethylenic monomer by non- including such a composition in this sub- ionic bonding: class. For example, a tetraphenylammo­ This subclass is indented under subclass 221. nium poly(vinyl phosphonate) is Compositions wherein the polymer contains a classified in subclass 221. An additional nitrogen containing hetero ring which is cross-reference in subclass 240 in accor­ attached to an ethylenic moiety directly or indi­ dance with the (8) Note under subclass rectly by nonionic bonding. 200 is highly recommended.

(1) Note. A hetero ring as part of a mere 232 Organic component is asphalt or a compo­ counterion to an ethylenic moiety is not nent or derivative thereof: a basis for including such a composition This subclass is indented under subclass 203. in this subclass. For example, a pyridin­ Compositions wherein the organic component ium poly(vinyl sulfate) is classified in is asphalt or is a component or derivative of the subclass 227. An additional cross-refer­ asphalt. ence in subclass 240 in accordance with the (8) Note under subclass 200 is highly (1) Note. This subclass provides for Gilso­ recommended. nite® which is a trade name for an asphaltite, manjak, bitumen, brown (2) Note. The term “hetero ring” denotes a asphalt, asphaltenes, maltenes, mac­ ring having carbon and at least one atom adam, etc. from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium as ring members; and contains no other element as a ring member. As the term relates to this subclass, nitrogen must be one of the hetero atoms in the ring.

December 2000 Edition 507 - 20 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS January 2001

233 Organic component contains silicon 237 Organic component contains a direct carbon attached directly or indirectly to carbon by to phosphorous nonionic bond (e.g., phos­ nonionic bonding: phonate, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 203. This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Compositions wherein silicon is attached to Compositions wherein the organic component organic carbon directly or indirectly by non- contains a direct nonionic carbon to phospho­ ionic bonding. rous bond.

(1) Note. A composition with silicon as part 238 Organic component is a phosphate ester: of a mere counterion to an ionic com­ This subclass is indented under subclass 235. pound is not a basis for including such a Compositions wherein the organic component composition in this subclass. For exam­ is a phosphate ester. ple, a quaternary ammonium silicate is included in subclass 240. 239 Organic component contains nitrogen attached directly or indirectly to carbon by 234 Organic component contains a direct carbon nonionic bonding: to silicon bond: This subclass is indented under subclass 203. This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Compositions wherein nitrogen is attached to Compositions containing silicon directly carbon directly or indirectly by nonionic bond­ bonded to carbon. ing.

(1) Note. Included in this subclass are sili­ (1) Note. A composition with nitrogen as cones, siloxanes, organosilanes, etc. part of a mere counterion to an ionic compound is not a basis for including 235 Organic component contains phosphorous such a composition in this subclass. For attached directly or indirectly to carbon by example, an ammonium alkylsulfonate is nonionic bonding: included in subclass 259; however, if the This subclass is indented under subclass 203. ammonium cation is a quaternary alky­ Compositions wherein phosphorous is attached lammonium, then placement is in sub- to carbon directly or indirectly by nonionic class 240. An additional cross-reference bonding. in subclass 259 in accordance with the (8) Note under subclass 200 is highly (1) Note. A composition with phosphorous recommended. as part of a mere counterion to an ionic compound is not a basis for including 240 Organic component is quaternary ammo­ such a composition in this subclass. For nium salt: example, a quaternary ammonium phos­ This subclass is indented under subclass 239. phate is included in subclass 240. Compositions wherein the organic component is a quaternary ammonium salt. 236 Organic component contains nitrogen attached directly or indirectly to carbon by 241 Organic component contains plural carbox­ nonionic bonding: ylic acid, ester, or salt groups attached This subclass is indented under subclass 235. directly or indirectly to nitrogen by nonionic Compositions wherein nitrogen and phospho­ bonding: rous are attached to carbon directly or indi­ This subclass is indented under subclass 239. rectly by nonionic bonding. Compositions wherein the organic component contains plural carboxylic acid groups, carbox­ (1) Note. Included herein are phosphatides ylic acid ester groups, or carboxylic acid salt (e.g., lecithin), phosphoramides, etc. groups which are attached to nitrogen directly or indirectly by nonionic bonding.

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242 Nitrogen is part of a hetero ring: 245 Organic component contains a nitrogen This subclass is indented under subclass 239. attached directly to oxygen by nonionic Compositions wherein said component con­ bonding (e.g., nitroaromatic, amineoxide, tains nitrogen as part of a hetero ring (e.g., etc.): methylene blue, pyridine, piperidine, etc.). This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Compositions wherein the organic component (1) Note. The term “hetero ring” denotes a contains a direct nitrogen to oxygen nonionic ring having carbon and at least one atom bond (e.g., trimethylamine oxide, nitroaromat­ from the group consisting of nitrogen, ics, nitrosoaromatics, etc.). oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium as ring members; and it contains no other (1) Note. Nitrogen and/or oxygen as part of element as a ring member. For the pur­ a mere counterion to an ionic compound poses of this subclass, the hetero ring is not a basis for including a composition requires the presence of nitrogen. in this subclass. (For example, an alkyl­ magnesium nitrate is classifiable in sub- 243 Plural heteroatoms in the ring: class 203 above.) This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Compositions wherein there are two or more SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- heteroatoms in the hetero ring (e.g., imidazo­ CLASS: line, etc.). 269+, for isocyanate salts.

(1) Note. The ring heteroatoms are selected 246 Organic component contains an ether link- from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, age: and tellurium. For the purposes of this This subclass is indented under subclass 244. subclass, at least one of the heteroatoms Compositions wherein the organic component must be nitrogen. contains an ether linkage; i.e., two carbons directly bonded to the same oxygen atom (e.g., 244 Oxygen is attached directly or indirectly to polyoxyalkyleneamines, etc.). carbon by nonionic bonding: This subclass is indented under subclass 239. 247 Sulfur is attached directly or indirectly to Compositions wherein the organic component carbon by nonionic bonding: contains nitrogen and oxygen both of which are This subclass is indented under subclass 239. attached to carbon directly or indirectly by Compositions wherein the organic component nonionic bonding (e.g., alkanolamines, amino contains sulfur which is attached to carbon acids, ureas, amides, etc.). directly or indirectly by nonionic bonding (e.g., thioureas, etc.). (1) Note. Nitrogen or oxygen as part of a mere counterion to an ionic compound 248 Organic component consists only of carbon, does not bring the composition into this hydrogen, and nitrogen: subclass. (For example, an alkylmagne­ This subclass is indented under subclass 239. sium nitrate is classified in subclass 203 Compositions wherein the organic component above.) includes only carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

(2) Note. Solid inorganic oxides treated with 249 Organic component contains carbon double a nitrogen containing organic compound or triple bonded to nitrogen (e.g., cyano, are not nonionically bonded unless there nitrilo, etc.): is disclosure to the contrary and are clas­ This subclass is indented under subclass 248. sified in subclasses 239+. Compositions wherein the nitrogen atom is double or triple bonded to carbon (e.g., a cyano SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- or nitrilo compound, etc.). CLASS: 269+, for cyanate salts.

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250 Organic component is acyclic: 254 The sulfur is part of a sulfate group: This subclass is indented under subclass 248. This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Compositions wherein the organic component Compositions wherein the sulfur in the organic does not contain a ring structure. component is part of a sulfate group.

251 Organic component contains plural nitrogen (1) Note. The presence of an inorganic anion atoms attached directly or indirectly to car- sulfate group is not a basis for placement bon by nonionic bonding: in this subclass. See the (1) Note in sub- This subclass is indented under subclass 250. class 252. Compositions wherein the organic component contains two or more nitrogens (e.g., 255 The sulfur is part of a sulfonate group: polyamines, etc.). This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Compositions wherein the sulfur in the organic SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- component is part of a sulfonate group. CLASS: 246, for polyamines having an ether link- 256 Organic component contains a sulfur age. attached directly to carbon by nonionic bonding: 252 Organic component contains sulfur attached This subclass is indented under subclass 252. directly or indirectly to carbon by nonionic Compositions wherein the organic component bonding: contains a sulfur which is attached to a carbon This subclass is indented under subclass 203. directly by nonionic bonding. Compositions wherein the organic component contains sulfur attached to carbon directly or 257 Plural alkyls attached directly to the same indirectly by nonionic bonding. sulfur atom or to a chain of sulfur atoms by nonionic bonding: (1) Note. Sulfur as part of an inorganic This subclass is indented under subclass 256. counterion to an ionic compound is not a Compositions wherein two or more alkyls are basis for including a composition in this nonionically bonded directly to the same sulfur subclass. (For example, a quaternary atom or to a chain of sulfur atoms (e.g., thioet­ alkylarsonium sulfate is classifiable in hers, dialkyl polysulfides, etc.). subclass 203.) 258 Alkyl and hydrogen attached directly to the 253 Organic component contains ether linkage same sulfur atom or to a chain of sulfur (i.e., C-O-C): atoms by nonionic bonding: This subclass is indented under subclass 252. This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Compositions wherein the organic component Compositions wherein an alkyl and a hydrogen contains two carbons directly bonded to the are nonionically bonded directly to the same same oxygen (i.e.,C-O-C). sulfur atom or to a chain of sulfur atoms (e.g., thiols, mercaptans, etc.). (1) Note. An ether is an organic compound having the general structure C-O-C 259 The sulfur is part of a sulfonate group: wherein the carbon bonded to the oxy­ This subclass is indented under subclass 256. gen atom cannot be double bonded to Compositions wherein the sulfur is part of a oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium or sulfonate group. triple bonded to nitrogen. 260 Organic component is polycarboxylic acid, SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- ester, or salt thereof: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 203. 257, for thioethers containing no oxygen Compositions wherein the organic component ether linkage. is a polycarboxylic acid, a polycarboxylic acid ester, or a salt thereof.

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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: CLASS: 241, for EDTA, NTA, and other polycar­ 218, for carbohydrate esters of fatty acids. boxyl compounds containing nitro­ 263, for tall oil, rosin, rosin acids, resin gen. acids, abietic acids, and other organic components containing carbocyclic 261 Organic component contains ether linkage groups. (e.g., PEG ether, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 203. GLOSSARY Compositions wherein the organic component contains two carbons bonded directly to the ESTER-TYPE WAXES same oxygen (e.g., cyclic ethers such as pyr­ ans, furans, crown ethers, etc.; linear ethers; Waxes which are essentially esters in chemical structure and polyethers such as polyalkoxylated alky­ (e.g., beeswax, montan wax, carnauba wax, spermaceti, lphenols, polyalkylene glycols, etc.). etc.).

262 Organic component contains a carbocyclic FATTY STILL RESIDUES group: This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Intended to include the bottoms, tars, or pitches result­ Compositions wherein the organic component ing from distillation of fats, oils, and waxes. contains at least one homocyclic carbon ring which may be aliphatic or aromatic. FATS AND FATTY OILS

263 Organic component contains a carbocyclic The glycerides of higher fatty acids, including naturally group (e.g., cycloaliphatic, aromatic ring, occurring mixtures thereof present in a single oil or fat. tall oil, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 203. FATTY ALCOHOL Compositions wherein the organic component contains at least one ring of carbon atoms (e.g., An alcohol containing an unbroken chain of at least cycloaliphatics and aromatic rings, tall oils seven carbon atoms bonded to a hydroxy group. such as abietic-acid-containing compositions, etc.). HIGHER FATTY ACID

264 Organic component is a phenol: A monocarboxylic acid containing an unbroken chain of This subclass is indented under subclass 263. at least seven carbon atoms bonded to a carboxyl group Compositions wherein the organic component (e.g., lauric, palmitic, stearic, oleic, ricinoleic, linoleic, contains a hydroxy group bonded directly to a and behenolic, etc.). Where there are several unbroken benzene ring which benzene ring may be sub­ chains of carbon atoms bonded to the carboxyl group, stituted or unsubstituted and may be part of a one of the chains must contain at least seven carbon polycyclo ring system. atoms.

(1) Note. Included in this subclass are cate­ 266 Organic component contains an alcohol chol, resorcinol, etc. group: This subclass is indented under subclass 203. 265 Organic component is a fat, fatty alcohol, Compositions wherein the organic component fatty oil, ester-type wax, fatty still residue, or contains a hydroxy group directly bonded to higher fatty acid or salt thereof: carbon. This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Compositions wherein the organic component (1) Note. An alcohol is an organic com­ is a fat, fatty alcohol, fatty oil, ester-type wax, pound having the general structure -C­ fatty still residue, or higher fatty acid, includ­ OH wherein the carbon atom bound to ing salts thereof. the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group cannot be double bonded to oxygen, sul-

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fur, selenium, or tellurium, or triple kite, halloysite, illite, kaolinite, hectorite, bonded to nitrogen. sepiolite, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: CLASS: 244, for alkanolamines and other nitrogen- 277, for a composition containing normal containing alcohols. seawater brine without the addition of 265, for fatty alcohols. any of the components proper for sub- classes 201 through 276 in this class. 267 Organic component contains carboxylic acid, ester, or salt thereof: 270 Inorganic component is elemental metal or This subclass is indented under subclass 203. alloy: Compositions wherein the organic component This subclass is indented under subclass 269. contains a carboxylic acid, a carboxylic acid Compositions wherein the inorganic compo­ ester, or a carboxylic acid salt. nent is an elemental metal or an alloy.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- (1) Note. An alloy is a mixture of two or CLASS: more metallic elements. 241, for nitrogen-containing polycarboxy­ lic acids (e.g., EDTA, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 260, for polycarboxylic acids (e.g., mal­ CLASS: onic acid, maleic acid, etc.). 277, for a composition containing normal 265, for carboxylic acids with a chain of seawater brine without the addition of seven or more carbon atoms (e.g., any of the components proper for sub- fatty acids, etc.) classes 201 through 276 in this class. 266, for hydroxy-containing carboxylic acids (e.g., lactic acid, etc.). 271 Inorganic component contains Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, or Ni: 268 Organic component contains a carbonyl This subclass is indented under subclass 269. group (e.g., aldehyde, ketone, etc.): Compositions wherein the inorganic compo­ This subclass is indented under subclass 203. nent has titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), vana­ Compositions wherein the organic component dium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), contains an oxygen double bonded to carbon. iron (Fe), or nickel (Ni).

269 Contains inorganic component other than SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- water or clay: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 200. 277, for a composition containing normal Compositions containing an inorganic compo­ seawater brine without the addition of nent which is neither water nor clay. any of the components proper for sub- classes 201 through 276 in this class. (1) Note. The compositions proper for this and the indented subclasses may contain 272 Inorganic component contains copper or water or clay, but they must also contain zinc: an inorganic component in addition to This subclass is indented under subclass 269. the water or clay. Compositions wherein the inorganic compo­ nent has copper or zinc. (2) Note. For the purposes of this and the indented subclasses, the term “water” SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- does not include seawater brine. CLASS: 277, for a composition containing normal (3) Note. The term “clay” encompasses the seawater brine without the addition of following: fuller's earth, bentonite, any of the components proper for sub- montmorillonite, attapulgite, palygors­ classes 201 through 276 in this class.

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any of the components proper for sub- 273 Inorganic component contains boron: classes 201 through 276 in this class. This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Compositions wherein the inorganic compo­ 277 Inorganic component is soluble in the well nent has boron. treating medium: This subclass is indented under subclass 269. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Compositions wherein the inorganic compo­ CLASS: nent is soluble in the well treating medium. 277, for a composition containing normal seawater brine without the addition of SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- any of the components proper for sub- CLASS: classes 201 through 276 in this class. 901, and 902-907, and 920-940, for Art Collections pertaining to subclasses 274 Inorganic component contains phospho­ 200- 277. rous: This subclass is indented under subclass 269. CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS Composition wherein the inorganic component has phosphorous. CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS 901 - 907 RELATE TO SUBCLASSES 90 - 277. CROSS-REF­ SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- ERENCE ART COLLECTION 910 RELATES TO CLASS: SUBCLASSES 100 - 145. CROSS-REFERENCE ART 277, for a composition containing normal COLLECTIONS 920 - 940 RELATE TO SUB- seawater brine without the addition of CLASSES 200 - 277. any of the components proper for sub- classes 201 through 276 in this class. 901 ORGANICALLY MODIFIED INOR­ GANIC SOLID: 275 Inorganic component contains arsenic or Subject matter wherein the composition con­ antimony: tains an organically modified inorganic solid. This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Compositions wherein the inorganic compo­ 902 CONTROLLED RELEASE AGENT: nent has arsenic or antimony. Subject matter wherein the composition con­ tains a controlled release agent. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: (1) Note. Said agent is a component in a 277, for a composition containing normal form such as stick, capsule, or solid seawater brine without the addition of matrix, etc., for release in a delayed, sus­ any of the components proper for sub- tained, or otherwise controlled manner. classes 201 through 276 in this class. 903 CROSSLINKED RESIN OR POLYMER: 276 Inorganic component contains potassium: Subject matter wherein the composition con­ This subclass is indented under subclass 269. tains a crosslinked resin or polymeric material. Compositions wherein the inorganic compo­ nent has potassium. (1) Note. Material may be crosslinked before injection into a borehole or may (1) Note. The composition of this subclass include agents for intentional crosslink­ must contain potassium other than as a ing within the borehole. mere natural component in a normal sea- water brine. 904 PROCESS OF MAKING FLUIDS OR ADDITIVES THEREFOR: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Subject matter which includes a process of CLASS: making well fluids or additives therefor. 277, for a composition containing normal seawater brine without the addition of (1) Note. The mere mixing of components is excluded; however, a critical manner of

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mixing or order of adding components is included. See this class, subclass 901, for 910 EARTH BORING FLUID DEVOID OF a method of organic modification of an DISCRETE AQUEOUS PHASE: inorganic solid. Excluded from this art Subject matter wherein the earth boring fluid is collection is the synthesis of a single devoid of a discrete aqueous phase. organic compound wherein said com­ pound is isolated and identified. (1) Note. In the absence of disclosure to the contrary, oil-based drilling fluids with 905 NONTOXIC COMPOSITION: less than 10 percent water have no dis­ Subject matter wherein the composition is crete aqueous phase. intentionally nontoxic. 920 BIOCIDAL: (1) Note. Intended for this collection is sub­ Subject matter wherein the well treating com­ ject matter wherein there is a disclosure position is intended to be biocidal. of a relative lack of toxicity of the whole composition to any living organism in 921 SPECIFIED BREAKER COMPONENT comparison with art accepted alterna­ FOR EMULSION OR GEL: tives. Subject matter wherein the well treating com­ position is intended to break an emulsion or gel 906 SOLID INORGANIC ADDITIVE IN or to uncrosslink a polymer. DEFINED PHYSICAL FORM: Subject matter wherein the composition con­ 922 FRACTURE FLUID: tains a solid inorganic additive in a defined Subject matter wherein the well treating com­ physical form. position is intended to be injected under suffi­ cient pressure to create fractures or fissures in (1) Note. The degree of fineness, per se, the well walls. (e.g., a size or diameter measurement) is insufficient to define physical form. 923 Fracture acidizing: Subject matter under art collection 922 wherein (2) Note. Said solid additive usually is in a the fracturing operation is conducted in the defined form for functional purposes. presence of an acidic fracture fluid which is Forms such as spheres, cones, disks, intended to hydrolyze downhole. rods, etc., are included. 924 With specified propping feature: 907 INDICATING MEANS (E.G., DYE, FLUO­ Subject matter under art collection 922 wherein RESCING AGENT, ETC.): the fracture fluid contains a specified propping Subject matter wherein the composition con­ feature which is usually a solid which holds the tains an intentionally included indicating fissures or crevices open after the fracturing means, e.g., dye, fluorescing agent, etc. operation.

(1) Note. These indicating means are 925 COMPLETION OR WORKOVER FLUID: included to indicate the condition of the Subject matter wherein the well treating com­ fluid, e.g., contamination, rheology, etc. position is intended to be used in a generically disclosed workover or completion operation. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: (1) Note. A well completion fluid is one 129+, for dyes having an organic nitrogen. generally used in accessing formations For example, methylene blue has an which are thought to contain the desired N-heterocycle and is placed in sub- material (i.e., oil) and they allow for the class 130. influx of said desired material into the wellbore.

(2) Note. A narrowly suggested workover application (i.e., fracturing, enhanced oil

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recovery, acidizing, etc.) is not intended for this subclass. 933 ACIDIZING OR FORMATION DESTROYING: 926 PACKER FLUID: Subject matter wherein the well treating com­ Subject matter wherein the well treating com­ position is intended to treat the geological for­ position is intended to be applied to the well mation of the well with acid or to destroy or walls to maintain stability of the well, yet will dissolve the geological formation by chemical also permit fluids to pass through said walls. reaction.

927 WELL CLEANING FLUID: 934 With inhibitor: Subject matter wherein the well treating com­ Subject matter under art collection 933 wherein position is intended to remove deposits which the acidizing or formation destroying composi­ accumulate in a well during use or which pre- tion includes a material added specifically to vent or diminish the accumulation of deposits inhibit undesirable activity caused by the acid which would otherwise occur during the use of (e.g., corrosion, etc.). a well. 935 ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY: (1) Note. Well cleaning indicates removal of Subject matter wherein the well treating com­ a contaminant from the well or preven­ position is directly or indirectly useful in tion of deposit of such contaminant in obtaining oil from an oil bearing formation the well. after primary recovery is complete (i.e., after the oil ceases to enter the well on its own). 928 Spacing slug or preflush fluid: Subject matter under art collection 927 wherein 936 Flooding the formation: the well cleaning fluid is (i) a slug of fluid Subject matter under art collection 935 wherein intended to separate a previous fluid from a fol­ the well treating composition is intended to be lowing fluid, sometimes because of the incom­ injected into an oil bearing formation from one patability of the two fluids, or (ii) a fluid well in order to force the oil into at least one intended to remove a filter cake which is no other well. longer desired. 937 With emulsion: 929 Cleaning organic contaminant: Subject matter under art collection 936 wherein Subject matter under art collection 927 wherein the flooding composition is an emulsion the well cleaning fluid is for cleaning an intended to be injected into an oil bearing for­ organic component from the well. mation in order to enhance oil recovery.

930 Organic contaminant is asphaltic: 938 With microemulsion: Subject matter under art collection 929 wherein Subject matter under art collection 937 wherein the well cleaning fluid is for cleaning an the emulsion is a microemulsion. asphaltic residue from the well. (1) Note. A microemulsion has particles 931 Organic contaminant is paraffinic: from 0.01 to 0.20 micrometers (10 to Subject matter under art collection 929 wherein 200nm) in size. Furthermore, a disclo­ the well cleaning fluid is for cleaning a paraf­ sure of micellar dispersion or transparent finic residue from the well. emulsion is synonymous with micro- emulsion for the purposes of this sub- 932 Cleaning sulfur deposits: class. Subject matter under art collection 927 wherein the well cleaning fluid is for cleaning a sulfur 939 CORROSION INHIBITOR: deposit from the well. Subject matter wherein the well treating com­ position prevents or decreases corrosion in the well.

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940 FREEING STUCK OBJECT FROM WELLBORE: Subject matter wherein the well treating com­ position is intended to aid in the removal of an object which has become jammed or stuck in the wellbore (e.g., part of drill string, etc.).

END

December 2000 Edition