Department of Public Works Staff Memorandum

Home , Cornus amomum, Hibiscus moscheutos, Lobelia siphilitica, Louisiana iris, Physocarpus opulifolius, Salix amygdaloides

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS STAFF MEMORANDUM

DATE: July 22, 2014

TO: Horticulture, Environment, and Beautification Committee CC: Sharon Stott, Assistant to the City Administrator

FROM: Matt Wohlberg, P.E., City Engineer

SUBJECT: Landscaping Plan Review Dam and Lake Rehabilitation Project Creve Coeur Golf Course

City staff seeks the advice and recommendation for approval from the Horticulture, Environment, and Beautification Committee (HEB) for the landscaping plan proposed as part of the Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project at the Creve Coeur Golf Course. The project involves the removal and replacement of the failing existing dam at the south end of the golf course lake system. The City hired a team consisting of Intuition & Logic (lead design and permitting), Geotechnology, Inc. (dam design), and SWT Design (landscape architecture) to design the project.

The landscaping proposal is the product of several iterations of project scoping and design, and it aims to achieve several goals: 1. Beautification, within reason. The restoration of the site following the dam work will need to look good, because the project is at the golf course. The initial plan provided by SWT Design heavily landscaped the dam, and City staff felt that this was not in line with the direction provided by City Council – namely to focus the beautification efforts on the areas that are most visible. Few will notice or focus on the south side of the dam, so beautification efforts are limited in this area to establishing a riparian corridor along the creek. The intent of the current proposal is to have a clean and attractive presentation. 2. Low-maintenance. The City does not want to create an ongoing maintenance issue, so the proposal includes plantings that are generally self-sufficient. 3. Native plantings. Nearly all of the proposed plantings are native to Missouri. As such, this should provide a natural look (in line with goal #1) that is easy to maintain (goal #2).

The proposed landscaping plan includes three main aspects: aquatic plantings at select locations around the lake, shrubs to surround the overflow structure at the dam, and riparian plantings to line creek south of the dam. The remainder of the restoration is proposed to be turf grass.

The general locations of the planting areas are illustrated in the attached Planting Plan, and details of the individual plants are provided in the attached photos and summaries from the Missouri Botanical Garden.

Page 1 of 1 M:\Projects\14522 Dam and Lake Rehabilitation\1 - Design\Approvals\2014-07-23 - HEB\2014-07-23 - Dam and Lake Rehabilitation Project - HEB Recommendation.doc

City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

Figure 1: Silky Dogwood (aka Swamp Dogwood)

Figure 2: Silky Dogwood (aka Swamp Dogwood)

Riparian Plantings Cornus amomum subsp. obliqua - Plant Finder Page 1 of 2

Home Support the Garden Members Shop Volunteer Jobs Media Contact

Visit Things To Do Learn & Discover Gardens & Gardening Sustainability Plant Conservation Plant Science About Gardens & Gardening > Your Garden > Plant Finder

Like Plant Finder? Help us Cornus amomum subsp. obliqua improve and expand it!

Back to Previous Page Plant Finder Lawn, Landscape & Common Name: swamp dogwood Garden Design Type: Deciduous shrub Edible Gardening Family: Cornaceae Advice, Tips & Resources Native Range: Eastern and central North America Plants of Merit Zone: 4 to 8 Sustainable Gardening Height: 6.00 to 12.00 feet Gardening Education & Spread: 4.00 to 10.00 feet Classes Be the first to comment on this Bloom Time: May to June Visit the Center for Home plant Bloom Description: Yellowish-white Gardening More Images Sun: Full sun to part shade Gardening Help Site Map Species Native to Missouri Water: Medium to wet Maintenance: Medium Flower: Showy Gardening Help Search Attracts: Birds Fruit: Showy Search Garden locations

Culture

Grow in average, medium to wet, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. Prefers moist, organically rich, slightly acidic soils in part shade. Tolerates close to full shade. Benefits from a 2-4” mulch which will help keep roots cool and moist in summer. Branches that touch the ground may root at the nodes. When left alone, this shrub may spread to form thickets.

Noteworthy Characteristics

Cornus amomum subsp obliqua is synonymous with and formerly known as Cornus obliqua. It is a medium-sized deciduous shrub that is typically found in moist lowland areas, swamp borders, floodplains, shrub wetlands, wet meadows/prairies and along streams and ponds in Eastern and Midwestern North America (New Foundland to Ontario south to Oklahoma, Arkansas and Virginia). In the words of the Royal Horticultural Society, this subspecies primarily differs from species plants by having "a looser habit". Twigs and leaf undersides have silky hairs, hence the common name of silky dogwood. This dogwood typically grows to 6-12’ tall with an open-rounded form. Tiny yellowish-white flowers (showy petal-like white bracts are absent) in flat-topped clusters (cymes to 2.5” across) bloom in late spring to early summer. Flowers give way to attractive blue to white berry-like drupes that ripen in late summer (August). Birds are attracted to the fruit. Oval to elliptic, medium green leaves (2-3” long) have conspicuous veins. Attractive fall color is usually absent. Twigs are purplish brown in spring, and have a distinctive brown pith. Genus name comes from the Latin word for horn (reference to hard wood).

Problems

No serious insect or disease problems. Plants are susceptible to scale. Additional insect pests include borers and leaf miner. Infrequent disease problems include leaf spot, crown canker, blights, root rot and powdery mildew.

Garden Uses

Good shrub for moist to wet areas of the landscape. Not overly ornamental. Somewhat wild and unkempt for placement in prominent areas. Good selection for moist woodlands, naturalized areas, along steams/ponds or for erosion control.

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=279... 7/16/2014 City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

Figure 3: Four seasons of the Red Twig Dogwood (aka Red Osier Dogwood)

Figure 4: Red Twig Dogwood (aka Red Osier Dogwood)

Riparian Plantings City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

This page intentionally left blank.

Riparian Plantings Cornus sericea 'Baileyi' - Plant Finder Page 1 of 2

Home Support the Garden Members Shop Volunteer Jobs Media Contact

Visit Things To Do Learn & Discover Gardens & Gardening Sustainability Plant Conservation Plant Science About Gardens & Gardening > Your Garden > Plant Finder

Like Plant Finder? Help us Cornus sericea 'Baileyi' improve and expand it!

Back to Previous Page Plant Finder Lawn, Landscape & Common Name: red twig dogwood Garden Design Type: Deciduous shrub Edible Gardening Family: Cornaceae Advice, Tips & Resources Zone: 3 to 8 Plants of Merit Height: 6.00 to 10.00 feet Sustainable Gardening Spread: 6.00 to 10.00 feet Gardening Education & Bloom Time: May to June Classes , See Comments Bloom Description: White Visit the Center for Home More Images Sun: Full sun to part shade Gardening Tried and Trouble-free Water: Medium to wet Gardening Help Site Map Recommended by 5 Professionals Maintenance: Medium Suggested Use: Hedge, Rain Garden Flower: Showy Gardening Help Search Leaf: Good Fall Attracts: Birds, Butterflies Search Fruit: Showy Other: Winter Interest Tolerate: Deer, Erosion, Clay Soil, Wet Soil Garden locations

Culture

Best grown in organically rich, medium to wet soils in full sun to part shade. Tolerant of a wide range of soils, including swampy or boggy conditions. Best red stem color occurs on young stems. Although pruning is not required, many gardeners choose to remove 20- 25% of the oldest stems in early spring of each year to stimulate growth of new stems which will display the best red color. As an alternative to annual pruning, some gardeners prune all stems close to the ground in early spring every 2-3 years to renew. Any loss of flowers through spring pruning is not terribly significant since the small flowers of this dogwood are rather ordinary.

Noteworthy Characteristics

Cornus sericea, commonly known as red twig dogwood or red osier dogwood, is an upright-spreading, suckering shrub that typically grows in the absence of pruning to 6-9’ tall with a slightly larger spread. With the exception of the lower midwest and deep South, this species is native to much of North America where it is typically found growing in wet swampy areas, wetland margins or along lakes and rivers. Ovate to lanceolate, medium to dark green leaves (2-5” long) acquire interesting shades of red to orange eventually fading to purple in autumn. Reddish stems turn bright red in winter and are particularly showy against a snowy backdrop. Tiny, fragrant, white flowers appear in flat-topped clusters (cymes to 2.5” diameter) in late spring, with sparse, intermittent, additional flowering sometimes continuing into summer. Flowers give way to clusters of whitish (sometimes with a bluish tinge) drupes in summer. Fruit is quite attractive to birds and is generally considered to have as much if not more ornamental interest than the flowers.

Synonymous with and formerly known as Cornus stolonifera.

Red stems somewhat resemble the reddish stems of some osier willows, hence the common name of red osier dogwood. Some cultivars of this species (e.g., C. sericea 'Flaviramia') have yellow stems.

'Baileyi' is a redtwig dogwood cultivar. It is a rapid-growing, multi-stemmed, deciduous shrub which grows to a maximum size of 6-10' tall with a loose, rounded habit. It lacks the stoloniferous, spreading habit of the species and is listed in Hortus Third as Cornus sericea forma baileyi. Some nurseries sell the plant as Cornus baileyi. The outstanding ornamental feature of this plant is its bright red winter stems. Leaves (2-4" long) have curling hairs underneath.

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=243... 7/16/2014 Cornus sericea 'Baileyi' - Plant Finder Page 2 of 2

Problems

Susceptible to leaf and twig blights. Scale, leaf miners and bagworms are occasional insect pests.

Garden Uses

Effective in naturalistic plantings in moist soils where plants are allowed to spread and form thickets. Also effective as property line screens. Plants perform very well in wet locations along streams or ponds where spreading roots help combat soil erosion. Also effective in shrub borders where plants can be combined with yellowtwig dogwoods (e.g., Cornus sericea 'Flaviramea') for an interesting bicolor winter stem display.

Back to Previous Page

Thank You! Info for Main Navigation Quick Links Missouri Botanical Garden 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110 The Garden wouldn't be Members Visit Support the (314) 577-5100 hours and admission the Garden without our Visitors Things To Do Garden Members, Donors and Gardeners Gardens & Members Butterfly House Volunteers. Horticulturists Gardening Shop Faust Park, 15193 Olive Blvd. Educators Learn & Discover Volunteer Chesterfield, MO 63017 Researchers Sustainability & Jobs (636) 530-0076 hours and admission Conservation Media Plant Science Contact Shaw Nature Reserve About Hwy. 100 & I-44 Gray Summit, MO 63039 (636) 451-3512 hours and admission

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=243... 7/16/2014 City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

Figure 5: Ninebark flower

Figure 6: Ninebark

Riparian Plantings Physocarpus opulifolius - Plant Finder Page 1 of 2

Home Support the Garden Members Shop Volunteer Jobs Media Contact

Visit Things To Do Learn & Discover Gardens & Gardening Sustainability Plant Conservation Plant Science About Gardens & Gardening > Your Garden > Plant Finder

Like Plant Finder? Help us Physocarpus opulifolius improve and expand it!

Back to Previous Page Plant Finder Lawn, Landscape & Common Name: ninebark Garden Design Type: Deciduous shrub Edible Gardening Family: Rosaceae Advice, Tips & Resources Native Range: Central and eastern North America Plants of Merit Zone: 2 to 8 Sustainable Gardening Height: 5.00 to 8.00 feet Gardening Education & Spread: 4.00 to 6.00 feet Classes , See Comments Bloom Time: May to June Visit the Center for Home More Images Bloom Description: White or pink Gardening Plant of Merit Sun: Full sun to part shade Gardening Help Site Map Tried and Trouble-free Water: Dry to medium Recommended by 4 Professionals Maintenance: Medium Species Native to Missouri Suggested Use: Hedge Gardening Help Search Flower: Showy Tolerate: Drought, Erosion, Clay Soil, Dry Soil, Shallow-Rocky Soil Search Garden locations

Culture

Easily grown in average, dry to medium, well-drained soil in full sun to part shade. Tolerates wide range of soil conditions. Prune as needed immediately after bloom. Plants may be cut to the ground in winter to rejuvenate.

Noteworthy Characteristics

Ninebark is an upright, spreading, somewhat coarse, deciduous, Missouri-native shrub which is closely related to genus Spiraea. It typically occurs along streams, rocky banks, gravel bars and in moist thickets, especially in counties south of the Missouri River. Grows 5-8' tall (less frequently to 10'). Noted for its exfoliating bark (on mature branches) which peels in strips to reveal several layers of reddish to light brown inner bark (hence the common name of ninebark). Bark provides winter interest, but is usually hidden by the foliage during the growing season. Features small pink or white, five-petaled flowers appearing in dense, flat, rounded, 1-2" diameter, spirea-like clusters (corymbs) in late spring. Flowers give way to drooping clusters of reddish fruit (inflated seed capsules). Ovate to rounded, usually 3-5 lobed leaves (to 4" long) are dull green in summer changing to an undistinguished yellow in fall.

Problems

No serious insect or disease problems.

Garden Uses

Mass in shrub borders. Effective as hedge, screen or for erosion control on banks. Native plant garden. Able to grow in harsh conditions.

Back to Previous Page

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=286... 7/16/2014 City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

Figure 7: Peach Leaved Willow (fully grown)

Figure 8: Peach Leaved Willow leaves

Riparian Plantings Salix amygdaloides - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 2

Salix amygdaloides From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Salix amygdaloides (peachleaf willow) is a species of willow native to southern Canada and the United States, from Quebec Salix amygdaloides west to western British Columbia, southeast to eastern Kentucky, and southwest and west to Arizona and Nevada, respectively.[1]

It is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree, growing to 4–20 m (13–66 ft) tall; besides the cottonwoods, it is the largest tree native to the prairies. It has a single trunk, or sometimes several shorter trunks. The leaves are lanceolate, 3–13 cm long and 1– 4 cm wide, yellowish green with a pale, whitish underside and a Peachleaf willow leaves finely serrated margin. The flowers are yellow catkins, 3–8 cm long, produced in the spring with the leaves. The reddish-yellow Scientific classification fruit matures in late spring or early summer, and the individual Kingdom: Plantae [2][3] capsules are 4–6 mm long. (unranked): Angiosperms The peachleaf willow grows very quickly, but is short-lived. It (unranked): Eudicots can only spread by seeds, whereas most other willows can (unranked): Rosids propagate from roots or snapped bits of twig. Order: Malpighiales It can be found on the northern prairies, often near streams, and Family: Salicaceae accompanying cottonwoods. As both the common and scientific names suggest, the leaves bear some similarity to those of a Genus: Salix peach or an almond (Latin, amygdalus). Species: S. amygdaloides References Binomial name Salix amygdaloides 1. ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Salix Andersson amygdaloides (http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi- bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?70589) 2. ^ Plants of British Columbia: Salix amygdaloides (http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx? sciname=Salix+amygdaloides)

Natural range of Salix amygdaloides

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salix_amygdaloides 7/16/2014 City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

Figure 9: Black Willow (fully grown)

Figure 10: Black Willow leaves

Riparian Plantings City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

This page intentionally left blank.

Riparian Plantings Salix nigra - Plant Finder Page 1 of 2

Home Support the Garden Members Shop Volunteer Jobs Media Contact

Visit Things To Do Learn & Discover Gardens & Gardening Sustainability Plant Conservation Plant Science About Gardens & Gardening > Your Garden > Plant Finder

Like Plant Finder? Help us Salix nigra improve and expand it!

Back to Previous Page Plant Finder Lawn, Landscape & Common Name: black willow Garden Design Type: Tree Edible Gardening Family: Salicaceae Advice, Tips & Resources Native Range: North America Plants of Merit Zone: 4 to 9 Sustainable Gardening Height: 30.00 to 60.00 feet Gardening Education & Spread: 30.00 to 60.00 feet Classes Bloom Time: March to April Visit the Center for Home Bloom Description: Yellowish-green Gardening Sun: Full sun to part shade Gardening Help Site Map Be the first to comment on this plant Water: Medium to wet Species Native to Missouri Maintenance: High Flower: Insignificant Gardening Help Search Tolerate: Erosion Garden locations Search Culture

Grow in consistently moist to wet soils in full sun to part shade. Tolerant of flooding and silting. Shallow, spreading root system is good for stabilizing soils and makes the tree an effective selection for erosion control. Soils should not be allowed to dry out. Prefers full sun. Avoid full shade. Prune as needed in late winter to early spring.

Noteworthy Characteristics

Salix nigra, commonly called black willow, is a medium to large, fast-growing, deciduous willow tree that typically grows to 30-60’ tall on single or multiple trunks topped by a spreading, rounded but sometimes irregular crown. It may soar to as much as 140’ tall in optimum growing conditions. It is native to moist to wet soils of floodplains, stream/river banks, swamps, marshes, sloughs, and ponds in the U. S. from Maine to Minnesota south to Colorado, Texas and Florida and in Canada from New Brunswick to Manitoba.

Bark of black willow is dark brown to black, developing deep grooves and a rough texture with shaggy scales as it ages. Narrow, lanceolate, finely toothed, medium to dark green leaves (to 6” long) taper to elongate tips. Variable fall color is usually an undistinguished greenish-yellow. Black willow is dioecious (male and female flowers appear on separate trees). Non-showy tiny yellowish-green flowers appear in catkins (both male and female catkins to 2” long) in early spring (late March-April) as the leaves emerge. Fruits are reddish-brown capsules. Wood is soft and weak.

Salix is an ancient Latin name for willows.

Specific epithet from Latin means black in reference to the black tree bark.

Problems

Susceptible to blights, powdery mildew, leaf spots, crown gall and cankers. Trees may be visited by certain insect pests including tent caterpillars, willow sawfly, leaf beetles, aphids, and stem/twig borers. Wood is weak and tends to crack, with branches often damaged by ice and snow. Litter from leaves, twigs and branches may cause clean-up problems. Shallow roots may clog sewers or drains if trees are sited in improper locations.

Garden Uses

Black willow is generally not recommended for use as a specimen in residential landscapes because of its susceptibility to breakage, potential insect/disease problems,

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=286... 7/16/2014 Salix nigra - Plant Finder Page 2 of 2

need for soils that never dry out, litter problems, shallow spreading root system which may seek out water/sewer pipes, and mature size potential. In the right location, its shallow roots can act as a quality soil binder, providing excellent erosion control.

Back to Previous Page

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=286... 7/16/2014 City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

Figure 11: Eastern Cottonwood foliage

Figure 12: Eastern Cottonwood (fully grown)

Riparian Plantings Populus deltoides - Plant Finder Page 1 of 2

Home Support the Garden Members Shop Volunteer Jobs Media Contact

Visit Things To Do Learn & Discover Gardens & Gardening Sustainability Plant Conservation Plant Science About Gardens & Gardening > Your Garden > Plant Finder

Like Plant Finder? Help us Populus deltoides improve and expand it!

Back to Previous Page Plant Finder Lawn, Landscape & Common Name: eastern cottonwood Garden Design Type: Tree Edible Gardening Family: Salicaceae Advice, Tips & Resources Native Range: Eastern and central United States Plants of Merit Zone: 2 to 9 Sustainable Gardening Height: 50.00 to 80.00 feet Gardening Education & Spread: 35.00 to 60.00 feet Classes , See Comments Bloom Time: March to April Visit the Center for Home More Images Bloom Description: Red (male) and green (female) Gardening Tried and Trouble-free Sun: Full sun Gardening Help Site Map Recommended by 1 Professionals Water: Medium to wet Species Native to Missouri Maintenance: Medium Suggested Use: Shade Tree, Rain Garden Gardening Help Search Flower: Insignificant Tolerate: Drought, Air Pollution Search Garden locations

Culture

Easily grown in average, medium to wet, well-drained soils in full sun. Prefers consistently moist soils, but tolerates drought. Each tree develops an extensive root system, but no clones sprout up therefrom as in the case of aspens. Twigs that stick in the ground may sprout roots and grow.

Noteworthy Characteristics

Eastern cottonwood is a large, fast-growing, deciduous tree that typically grows 50- 80’ (less frequently to 120’) tall with a broad, open-rounded shaped habit. Yellowish twigs, coarsely toothed leaves and gummy end buds distinguish this from the other poplars. It is native from eastern North America through the Great Plains, typically growing along streams and rivers and in lowland areas and swamps. Settlers who pushed westward into the Great Plains in the 1800s sometimes planted eastern cottonwoods along small streams and creeks. Tiny male and female flowers appear in separate catkins on separate male and female trees (dioecious). Flowers bloom in early spring (March- April) before the foliage emerges. Male flowers are reddish but not showy. Female flowers give way to dehiscent capsules that split open when ripe (May in St. Louis), broadcasting abundant densely-tufted seeds. Seeds with silky white hairs give the appearance of cotton as they blow through the air and along the ground, typically collecting along gutters, curbs, roadsides and fences. Bark on mature trees is ridged and dark gray. Triangular, acuminate, coarsely toothed, glossy dark green leaves (to 5” long). Leaves turn yellow in fall. Wood is weak and has little commercial value (warps easily) other than for crates, plywood and pulp. Specific epithet is in reference to the triangular or deltoid shape of the leaves.

Problems

Susceptible to a wide range of diseases including dieback, cankers, leaf spots, rusts and powdery mildew. Insect visitors include borers, aphids, caterpillars and scale.

Garden Uses

Generally considered inappropriate for ornamental use. A particularly poor selection for urban areas because trees are messy, weak-wooded and their roots can buckle sidewalks and damage sewer lines. May be effectively grown in rural areas in lowspots or along

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=286... 7/16/2014 City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

Figure 13: Elderberry

Figure 14: Elderberry berries

Riparian Plantings Sambucus canadensis 'Laciniata' - Plant Finder Page 1 of 2

Home Support the Garden Members Shop Volunteer Jobs Media Contact

Visit Things To Do Learn & Discover Gardens & Gardening Sustainability Plant Conservation Plant Science About Gardens & Gardening > Your Garden > Plant Finder

Like Plant Finder? Help us Sambucus canadensis 'Laciniata' improve and expand it!

Back to Previous Page Plant Finder Lawn, Landscape & Common Name: American elderberry Garden Design Type: Deciduous shrub Edible Gardening Family: Adoxaceae Advice, Tips & Resources Zone: 3 to 9 Plants of Merit Height: 5.00 to 8.00 feet Sustainable Gardening Spread: 5.00 to 8.00 feet Gardening Education & , See Comments Bloom Time: June to July Classes More Images Bloom Description: White Visit the Center for Home Sun: Full sun to part shade Gardening Tried and Trouble-free Recommended by 2 Professionals Water: Medium to wet Gardening Help Site Map Maintenance: High Suggested Use: Hedge, Naturalize, Rain Garden Flower: Showy Gardening Help Search Attracts: Birds, Butterflies Fruit: Showy, Edible Search Tolerate: Erosion, Clay Soil, Wet Soil Garden locations

Culture

Grow in medium to wet, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. Best foliage color is in full sun. Tolerates a wide range of soils, but prefers moist, humusy ones. Spreads by root suckers to form colonies. Prune suckers as they appear unless naturalizing. A large number of late winter pruning options include (a) pruning out dead or weakened stems, (b) shortening one year stems or (c) cutting back to the ground to rejuvenate. Some horticulturists recommend a hard spring pruning for maintaining best foliage and habit.

Noteworthy Characteristics

Native to eastern North America, American elder (Sambucus canadensis) is a deciduous, somewhat sprawling, suckering shrub that typically grows to 5-12’ tall. It typically occurs on streambanks, moist woodlands, thickets, fence rows and roadsides throughout the State of Missouri. ‘Laciniata’ (synonymous with and also known as ‘Acutiloba’) matures to 8’ tall. It is noted for its compact size and compound pinnate leaves (5-9 ovate to elliptic leaflets each) that are deeply cut (laciniate). Tiny lemon-scented white flowers appear in large flat-topped clusters (cymes to 10” across) in June. Flowers give way to clusters of black elderberry fruits (drupes) in late summer. Fruits of species plants are sometimes used to make jams, jellies, pie filings and elderberry wine. Fruits are attractive to wildlife. American elder (Sambucus canadensis) and European elder (Sambucus nigra) are closely related plants. The Royal Horticultural Society currently lists American elder as Sambucus nigra var. canadensis.

Problems

No serious insect or disease problems. Some susceptibility to canker, powdery mildew, leaf spot, borers, spider mites and aphids. Branches are susceptible to damage from high winds or from heavy snow/ice in winter. Plants will spread by root suckers.

Garden Uses

Group or mass in naturalized areas where suckering spread may be appreciated. Good accent shrub featuring deeply incised leaves, attractive flowers and interesting fruits. Landscape specimen, shrub borders, screens, backgrounds, stream/pond peripheries or low spots. Good sprawling hedge.

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=267... 7/16/2014 City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

Figure 15: Broad Leaf Arrowhead

Figure 16: Broad Leaf Arrowhead

Aquatic Plantings Sagittaria latifolia - Plant Finder Page 1 of 2

Home Support the Garden Members Shop Volunteer Jobs Media Contact

Visit Things To Do Learn & Discover Gardens & Gardening Sustainability Plant Conservation Plant Science About Gardens & Gardening > Your Garden > Plant Finder

Like Plant Finder? Help us Sagittaria latifolia improve and expand it!

Back to Previous Page Plant Finder Lawn, Landscape & Common Name: broadleaf arrowhead Garden Design Type: Herbaceous perennial Edible Gardening Family: Alismataceae Advice, Tips & Resources Native Range: Eastern and central North America Plants of Merit Zone: 5 to 10 Sustainable Gardening Height: 1.00 to 4.00 feet Gardening Education & Spread: 1.00 to 3.00 feet Classes , See Comments Bloom Time: July to September Visit the Center for Home More Images Bloom Description: White Gardening Tried and Trouble-free Sun: Full sun Gardening Help Site Map Recommended by 1 Professionals Water: Wet Species Native to Missouri Maintenance: Medium Suggested Use: Water Plant, Naturalize, Rain Gardening Help Search Garden Flower: Showy Attracts: Birds Search Garden locations

Culture

Winter hardy to USDA Zones 5-10. Needs full sun for best flowering. Set out plants, tubers or runners in spring in mud at the margins of a pond or in containers in a water garden, either along the shore or in up to 6-12” of water. Seed may be sown in spring or fall. Seed may also be collected and sown in containers resting in dishes of shallow water. Plants will naturalize by rhizomes and self-seeding. Promptly deadhead spent flowers to prevent any unwanted self-seeding.

Noteworthy Characteristics

Arrowhead, duck potato or wapato is a vigorous, deciduous, marginal aquatic perennial that typically grows 1-4’ tall. It is noted for its arrowhead-shaped leaves and three-petaled white flowers in whorls of three. It commonly grows submerged in shallow water or out of water on wet muddy banks. It is native to sloughs, swamps, marshes and margins of streams and ponds throughout North America including Missouri. Each plant produces leaves and flowers on separate stalks. Leaves can be quite variable in size. Emersed leaves (to 12” long) are typically broadly sagittate (arrowhead-shaped). Submerged leaves are often much narrower (linear to ovate). Three-petaled white flowers appear in whorls of three atop stalks rising to 4’ tall. Male flowers have bushy yellow center stamens and female flowers have mounded green centers. Plants bloom freely from July to September. The common names of duck potato and wapato are in reference to the enlarged rounded starchy golfball-sized tubers that form at the ends of underground plant runners (rhizomes). When dislodged from the mud, these tubers will float to the surface. They are edible, and may be boiled or baked and eaten as a potato-like food. Native Americans harvested and consumed these tubers, which in some areas were known as wapato. The tubers are also an important food source for waterfowl, hence the name duck potato. Seeds are attractive to many water birds. Arrowhead is commonly used in pond restorations.

Problems

No serious insect or disease problems. Watch for spider mites and aphids.

Garden Uses

Water or bog gardens. Pond edges.

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=275... 7/16/2014 City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

Figure 17: Pickerel Weed

Figure 18: Pickerel Weed

Aquatic Plantings Pontederia cordata - Plant Finder Page 1 of 2

Home Support the Garden Members Shop Volunteer Jobs Media Contact

Visit Things To Do Learn & Discover Gardens & Gardening Sustainability Plant Conservation Plant Science About Gardens & Gardening > Your Garden > Plant Finder

Like Plant Finder? Help us Pontederia cordata improve and expand it!

Back to Previous Page Plant Finder Lawn, Landscape & Common Name: pickerel weed Garden Design Type: Herbaceous perennial Edible Gardening Family: Pontederiaceae Advice, Tips & Resources Native Range: Eastern North America to Caribbean Plants of Merit Zone: 3 to 10 Sustainable Gardening Height: 2.00 to 4.00 feet Gardening Education & Spread: 1.50 to 2.00 feet Classes , See Comments Bloom Time: June to October Visit the Center for Home Bloom Description: Soft blue Gardening More Images Sun: Full sun Gardening Help Site Map Tried and Trouble-free Recommended by 4 Professionals Water: Wet Species Native to Missouri Maintenance: Medium Suggested Use: Water Plant, Naturalize, Rain Gardening Help Search Garden Flower: Showy Attracts: Butterflies Search Fruit: Showy, Edible Garden locations

Culture

Winter hardy to USDA Zones 3-10. Needs full sun for best flowering. Set plant roots in spring into mud at the margins of a pond or in containers (rich organic loams) in a water garden under 3-5” of water. Outside of containers, rhizomes can spread rapidly to form colonies under optimum growing conditions. If spread is a concern, grow plants in containers.

Noteworthy Characteristics

Pickerel weed is a vigorous, deciduous, emergent marginal aquatic perennial that typically grows 2-4’ tall. It is native to quiet waters at stream and pond margins from Nova Scotia south to Florida and Texas. In Missouri, it is typically found growing in sloughs, swamps and ponds scattered in a few counties in the far eastern and far western parts of the State (Steyermark). In the wild, it is frequently seen growing in dense colonies. Glossy, narrow, arrowhead-shaped green leaves (to 10” long) have rounded cordate bases and rise well above the water surface. Tiny, tubular soft blue flowers are densely packed into erect, 3-6” long spikes atop flower stalks typically rising 1-2’ above the water surface. Plants flower freely from June to October. Flowers give way to starchy seeds with distinctive toothed ridges. Flower spikes droop after bloom, releasing the distinctive seeds into the water. Seeds are edible off the plant or can be dried and added to granola cereals. Very young leaves can be used as salad greens. Dragonflies and damselflies commonly lay their eggs on plant stems near the water surface. Fish (albeit more than just pickerel) may seek shelter in clumps of these plants, hence the common name of pickerel weed.

Problems

No serious insect or disease problems. Watch for spider mites.

Garden Uses

Water or bog gardens. Pond edges. Large containers or tubs.

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=285... 7/16/2014 City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

Figure 19: Blue Flag Iris flower

Figure 20: Blue Flag Iris

Aquatic Plantings Iris virginica - Plant Finder Page 1 of 2

Home Support the Garden Members Shop Volunteer Jobs Media Contact

Visit Things To Do Learn & Discover Gardens & Gardening Sustainability Plant Conservation Plant Science About Gardens & Gardening > Your Garden > Plant Finder

Like Plant Finder? Help us Iris virginica improve and expand it!

Back to Previous Page Plant Finder Lawn, Landscape & Common Name: southern blue flag Garden Design Type: Herbaceous perennial Edible Gardening Family: Iridaceae Advice, Tips & Resources Native Range: United States Plants of Merit Zone: 5 to 9 Sustainable Gardening Height: 1.00 to 3.00 feet Gardening Education & Spread: 1.00 to 3.00 feet Classes , See Comments Bloom Time: June Visit the Center for Home More Images Bloom Description: Violet blue with yellow and Gardening Tried and Trouble-free white crested falls Gardening Help Site Map Recommended by 4 Professionals Sun: Full sun Species Native to Missouri Water: Medium to wet Maintenance: Low Gardening Help Search Suggested Use: Water Plant, Naturalize, Rain Garden Flower: Showy Search Tolerate: Deer, Wet Soil Garden locations

Culture

Best grown in wet, boggy, acidic, sandy soils in full sun. In the wild, the roots of this iris are often under water for protracted periods of time. These growing conditions are obviously rather difficult to duplicate in most home landscapes, making this iris somewhat of a challenge to grow well. It will, however, grow in average garden soils that are kept uniformly moist, but will usually grow smaller than in the wild. Spreads by rhizomes to form colonies in optimum growing conditions.

Noteworthy Characteristics

Southern blue flag is a wetland species of iris which is native primarily to coastal plains from Virginia to Louisiana. It typically grows to 2' tall (less frequently to 3') and features non-fragrant violet-blue flowers with falls that are crested with yellow and white. Flower color can vary considerably from very light blue to purple. Bright medium green, sword- shaped leaves often lie on the ground or in the water. Blooms in late spring. Iris virginica var. shrevei is native to inland swamps, marshes and flood plains in central North America (Ohio and Mississippi River basins and throughout the Great Lakes) including somewhat broad distribution in northern and central Missouri. Var. shrevei is similar in appearance to the species, but prefers a more neutral soil and is reportedly easier to grow in Missouri home landscapes.

Problems

No serious insect or disease problems. Optimum growing conditions may be difficult to attain in the home landscape.

Garden Uses

Water gardens, along streams or ponds or in low-lying areas that are subject to periodic flooding. May be grown in borders as long as soils are kept uniformly moist.

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=281... 7/16/2014 City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

Figure 21: Copper Iris flower

Figure 22: Copper Iris

Aquatic Plantings Iris fulva - Plant Finder Page 1 of 2

Home Support the Garden Members Shop Volunteer Jobs Media Contact

Visit Things To Do Learn & Discover Gardens & Gardening Sustainability Plant Conservation Plant Science About Gardens & Gardening > Your Garden > Plant Finder

Like Plant Finder? Help us Iris fulva improve and expand it!

Back to Previous Page Plant Finder Lawn, Landscape & Common Name: copper iris Garden Design Type: Herbaceous perennial Edible Gardening Family: Iridaceae Advice, Tips & Resources Native Range: Central United States Plants of Merit Zone: 5 to 9 Sustainable Gardening Height: 2.00 to 3.00 feet Gardening Education & Spread: 1.00 to 2.00 feet Classes , See Comments Bloom Time: May to June Visit the Center for Home More Images Bloom Description: Copper Gardening Tried and Trouble-free Sun: Full sun to part shade Gardening Help Site Map Recommended by 4 Professionals Water: Medium to wet Species Native to Missouri Maintenance: Low Suggested Use: Water Plant, Naturalize, Rain Gardening Help Search Garden Flower: Showy Attracts: Hummingbirds Search Tolerate: Deer, Clay Soil, Wet Soil Garden locations

Culture

Best grown in fertile, slightly acidic, consistently moist to wet soils in full sun. Tolerates part shade, particularly in the southern part of its growing range. Does well in wet clayey soils. May be grown in up to 6” of standing water. Grow in containers in water gardens. May benefit from winter protection in USDA Zone 5.

Noteworthy Characteristics

Iris fulva is commonly called copper iris because of the unusual copper color (fulva is from Latin meaning tawny) of its flowers. It is a beardless, crestless iris (Louisiana Iris group) that is native to swamps and wetlands of the deep South and of the lower Mississippi Valley from Louisiana north to southeastern Missouri and southern Illinois. In Missouri, it is primarily found in bald cypress swamps, sloughs, ponds, ditches and swampy woodland areas in the southeastern corner of the State (Steyermark). It is often found growing and blooming in standing water in spring-flooded areas that typically dry up as the summer progresses. Terra cotta or copper colored irises appear in late spring atop flower scapes typically growing 2-3’ tall. Flowers are reportedly pollinated by hummingbirds. Sword-shaped, linear, bright green leaves. In New Orleans in March of 1821, John James Audubon painted a pair of parula warblers perching on the stem of a copper iris in a painting that became an entry in The Birds of North America.

Problems

No serious insect or disease problems. Susceptible to Iris fulva mosaic potyvirus.

Garden Uses

Water gardens, bog gardens, pond or stream margins, or moist low spots. May also be grown in borders with consistent moisture.

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=281... 7/22/2014 City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

Figure 23: Cardinal Flower

Figure 24: Cardinal Flower

Aquatic Plantings Lobelia cardinalis - Plant Finder Page 1 of 2

Home Support the Garden Members Shop Volunteer Jobs Media Contact

Visit Things To Do Learn & Discover Gardens & Gardening Sustainability Plant Conservation Plant Science About Gardens & Gardening > Your Garden > Plant Finder

Like Plant Finder? Help us Lobelia cardinalis improve and expand it!

Back to Previous Page Plant Finder Lawn, Landscape & Common Name: cardinal flower Garden Design Type: Herbaceous perennial Edible Gardening Family: Campanulaceae Advice, Tips & Resources Native Range: North America Plants of Merit Zone: 3 to 9 Sustainable Gardening Height: 2.00 to 4.00 feet Gardening Education & Spread: 1.00 to 2.00 feet Classes Bloom Time: July to September Visit the Center for Home Bloom Description: Scarlet red, white or rose Gardening Sun: Full sun to part shade Gardening Help Site Map Water: Medium to wet Maintenance: Low Suggested Use: Naturalize, Rain Garden Gardening Help Search Flower: Showy Attracts: Hummingbirds, Butterflies , See Comments Search Tolerate: Rabbit, Deer, Wet Soil More Images Garden locations Plant of Merit Tried and Trouble-free Recommended by 9 Professionals Species Native to Missouri

Culture

Easily grown in rich, humusy, medium to wet soils in full sun to part shade. Needs constant moisture. Will tolerate full sun in cool, northern climates, but otherwise appreciates part shade. Divide clumps in spring as needed. May self-seed in optimum growing conditions.

Noteworthy Characteristics

Cardinal flower is a Missouri native perennial which typically grows in moist locations along streams, sloughs, springs, swamps and in low wooded areas. A somewhat short- lived, clump-forming perennial which features erect, terminal spikes (racemes) of large, cardinal red flowers on unbranched, alternate-leafed stalks rising typically to a height of 2 -3' (infrequently to 4'). Tubular flowers are 2-lipped, with the three lobes of the lower lip appearing more prominent than the two lobes of the upper lip. Finely-toothed, lance- shaped, dark green leaves (to 4" long). Late summer bloom period. Flowers are very attractive to butterflies and hummingbirds, but not cardinals. White and rose colored forms are also known.

Problems

No serious disease or insect problems.

Garden Uses

Provides late summer bloom to the perennial border, wild garden, native plant garden or woodland garden. Excellent for butterfly or bird (hummingbird) gardens. Also effective near ponds or streams.

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=278... 7/16/2014 City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

Figure 25: Blue Lobelia flower

Figure 26: Blue Lobelia

Aquatic Plantings Lobelia siphilitica - Plant Finder Page 1 of 2

Home Support the Garden Members Shop Volunteer Jobs Media Contact

Visit Things To Do Learn & Discover Gardens & Gardening Sustainability Plant Conservation Plant Science About Gardens & Gardening > Your Garden > Plant Finder

Like Plant Finder? Help us Lobelia siphilitica improve and expand it!

Back to Previous Page Plant Finder Lawn, Landscape & Common Name: blue cardinal flower Garden Design Type: Herbaceous perennial Edible Gardening Family: Campanulaceae Advice, Tips & Resources Native Range: Eastern United States Plants of Merit Zone: 4 to 9 Sustainable Gardening Height: 2.00 to 3.00 feet Gardening Education & Spread: 1.00 to 1.50 feet Classes Bloom Time: July to September Visit the Center for Home Bloom Description: Blue Gardening Sun: Full sun to part shade Gardening Help Site Map Water: Medium to wet Maintenance: Low Suggested Use: Naturalize, Rain Garden Gardening Help Search , See Comments Flower: Showy Tried and Trouble-free Tolerate: Deer, Heavy Shade, Wet Soil Recommended by 6 Professionals Search Garden locations Species Native to Missouri

Culture

Noteworthy Characteristics

Great lobelia is a Missouri native perennial which typically grows in moist to wet locations along streams, sloughs, springs, swamps, meadows and in low wooded areas. A clump-forming perennial which features light to dark blue, tubular, 2-lipped flowers with the three lobes of the lower lip appearing more prominent than the two lobes of the upper lip. Flowers arise from the upper leaf axils forming a dense terminal raceme atop stiff, unbranched, leafy stalks typically rising 2-3' tall. Finely-toothed, lance-shaped, light green leaves (to 5" long). Late summer bloom period. Species name of siphilitica arose from a prior medicinal use of the plant in the treatment of venereal disease. Also sometimes commonly called blue cardinal flower.

Problems

No serious disease or insect problems.

Garden Uses

Provides late summer bloom to the perennial border, wild garden, native plant garden, woodland garden or naturalized planting. Also effective near ponds or streams.

Back to Previous Page

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=278... 7/22/2014 City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

Figure 27: Softstem Bulrush

Figure 28: Softstem Bulrush

Aquatic Plantings Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani - Plant Finder Page 1 of 2

Home Support the Garden Members Shop Volunteer Jobs Media Contact

Visit Things To Do Learn & Discover Gardens & Gardening Sustainability Plant Conservation Plant Science About Gardens & Gardening > Your Garden > Plant Finder

Like Plant Finder? Help us Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani improve and expand it!

Back to Previous Page Plant Finder Lawn, Landscape & Common Name: softstem bulrush Garden Design Type: Rush or Sedge Edible Gardening Family: Cyperaceae Advice, Tips & Resources Native Range: Mexico, United States Plants of Merit Zone: 4 to 9 Sustainable Gardening Height: 4.00 to 8.00 feet Gardening Education & Spread: 3.00 to 6.00 feet Classes Bloom Time: May to September Visit the Center for Home Bloom Description: Brown Gardening Sun: Full sun Gardening Help Site Map Water: Wet Maintenance: Low

Be the first to comment on this Suggested Use: Water Plant, Naturalize, Rain Gardening Help Search plant Garden More Images Flower: Insignificant Tolerate: Black Walnut, Air Pollution Search Species Native to Missouri Garden locations

Culture

Best grown in standing water (up to 12” deep) or in wet soils in full sun. Tolerates very light shade. In large water gardens, it may be grown in submerged containers. May also be planted in the mud at the margins of ponds or streams or in bog gardens. Clumps may be divided in spring. Naturalizes by creeping rhizomes, and, if left undisturbed in optimum growing conditions, will spread sometimes aggressively to form dense colonies.

Noteworthy Characteristics

Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, commonly called softstem bulrush or great bulrush, is a rhizomatous emergent aquatic perennial of cosmopolitan distribution that typically grows in a variety of wetlands including the margins of ponds/lakes, banks of slow- moving rivers/streams, marshes, fens, bogs, wet prairies, ditches and wet depressions along roadsides and railroad tracks (see Steyermark). It is native to Canada and the U. S. south to South America, the Caribbean, Europe and Asia. It is found in scattered populations throughout Missouri.

Great bulrush typically forms a slowly-spreading clump of rush-like stems (culms) to 4-8’ tall. Leaf sheaths appear at the base of the stems. Leaf blades are typically absent, but if present are very small (1-4" long). Photosynthesis primarily takes place in the stems. Branched inflorescences (to 6" long) appear at the tips of fertile stem ends in late spring to summer. Each inflorescence contains a compound umbel of brown spikelets each of which contains brownish florets. Each fertile floret gives way to an achene which ripens to gray-brown.

The Plant List currently lists 37 synonyms of this plant including Schoenoplectus lacustris subsp. tabernaemontani, Scirpus tabernaemontani, Scirpus lacustris subsp. tabernaemontani, Schoenoplectus validus and Scirpus validus.

Problems

No serious insect or disease problems.

Garden Uses

Large water gardens or bog gardens. Edges of ponds or streams.

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=279... 7/22/2014 City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

Figure 29: Spikerush

Figure 30: Spikerush.

Aquatic Plantings Eleocharis palustris - Plant Finder Page 1 of 2

Home Support the Garden Members Shop Volunteer Jobs Media Contact

Visit Things To Do Learn & Discover Gardens & Gardening Sustainability Plant Conservation Plant Science About Gardens & Gardening > Your Garden > Plant Finder

Like Plant Finder? Help us Eleocharis palustris improve and expand it!

Back to Previous Page Plant Finder Lawn, Landscape & Lawn & Turf Topics Common Name: creeping spike rush Garden Design Landscaping Type: Rush or Sedge Edible Gardening Garden Design Family: Cyperaceae Advice, Tips & Resources Native Range: Temperate northern hemisphere Plants of Merit Zone: 3 to 8 Sustainable Gardening Height: 2.00 to 4.00 feet Gardening Education & Spread: 1.00 to 2.00 feet Classes Be the first to comment on this Bloom Time: June to September Visit the Center for Home plant Bloom Description: Greenish-brown Gardening Sun: Full sun to part shade Gardening Help Site Map Water: Wet Maintenance: Low Suggested Use: Water Plant, Naturalize, Rain Gardening Help Search Garden Flower: Insignificant Tolerate: Erosion, Wet Soil Search Garden locations

Culture

Best in full sun to part shade. Plants are typically grown in ponds, bogs or other shallow water areas, including sites that are permanently or seasonally flooded. Can grow in water up to 3' deep. In situations where flood waters gradually disappear over summer, plants can still survive in fall as long as soils are saturated. Spreads by rhizomes. Propagate by dividing the rhizomes. Plants may self-seed. Plant new plants (plugs is the best way) 12- 18" apart in saturated soils (best with no more than 3" of standing water during the first growing season).

Noteworthy Characteristics

Eleocharis palustris, commonly called creeping spike rush, is a rhizomatous, wetland obligate perennial of the sedge family. It is native to marshes, wet meadows, springs, rivers, pond/lake margins, shores, ditches and brackish waters throughout the U. S., Canada, Europe and Asia. Round, upright, green stems rise singly or in clusters from plant rhizomes. Stems appear leafless (true leaves are bladeless reddish sheaths clustered at the base of each stem). Stems may grow to as much as 4' tall (height is dependent on the depth of the water in which the plant is growing). The stems provide the photosynthesis for the plant. Each stem is topped by a solitary terminal spikelet of inconspicuous greenish-brown flowers. Plants flower from June to September. Flowers are followed by conical scaly yellow-brown seedheads.

Genus name comes from the Greek words elos meaning marsh and charis meaning grace.

Specific epithet means of marshes.

Problems

No serious insect or disease problems. Watch for aphids.

Garden Uses

Rarely used as an ornamental plant. Water gardens, bog gardens, ponds or along streams.

Back to Previous Page

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=279... 7/22/2014 City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

Figure 31: Four seasons of the Red Twig Dogwood (aka Red Osier Dogwood)

Figure 32: Red Twig Dogwood (aka Red Osier Dogwood)

Shrubs City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

This page intentionally left blank.

Shrubs Cornus sericea 'Baileyi' - Plant Finder Page 1 of 2

Home Support the Garden Members Shop Volunteer Jobs Media Contact

Visit Things To Do Learn & Discover Gardens & Gardening Sustainability Plant Conservation Plant Science About Gardens & Gardening > Your Garden > Plant Finder

Like Plant Finder? Help us Cornus sericea 'Baileyi' improve and expand it!

Culture

Noteworthy Characteristics

Synonymous with and formerly known as Cornus stolonifera.

Red stems somewhat resemble the reddish stems of some osier willows, hence the common name of red osier dogwood. Some cultivars of this species (e.g., C. sericea 'Flaviramia') have yellow stems.

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=243... 7/16/2014 Cornus sericea 'Baileyi' - Plant Finder Page 2 of 2

Problems

Susceptible to leaf and twig blights. Scale, leaf miners and bagworms are occasional insect pests.

Garden Uses

Back to Previous Page

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=243... 7/16/2014 City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

Figure 33: Buttonbush flower

Figure 34: Buttonbush.

Shrubs Cephalanthus occidentalis - Plant Finder Page 1 of 2

Home Support the Garden Members Shop Volunteer Jobs Media Contact

Visit Things To Do Learn & Discover Gardens & Gardening Sustainability Plant Conservation Plant Science About Gardens & Gardening > Your Garden > Plant Finder

Like Plant Finder? Help us Cephalanthus occidentalis improve and expand it!

Back to Previous Page Plant Finder Lawn, Landscape & Common Name: buttonbush Garden Design Type: Deciduous shrub Edible Gardening Family: Rubiaceae Advice, Tips & Resources Native Range: North America, Cuba Plants of Merit Zone: 5 to 9 Sustainable Gardening Height: 5.00 to 12.00 feet Gardening Education & Spread: 4.00 to 8.00 feet Classes , See Comments Bloom Time: June Visit the Center for Home More Images Bloom Description: White Gardening Plant of Merit Sun: Full sun to part shade Gardening Help Site Map Tried and Trouble-free Water: Medium to wet Recommended by 4 Professionals Maintenance: Low Species Native to Missouri Suggested Use: Rain Garden Gardening Help Search Flower: Showy, Fragrant Attracts: Butterflies Search Fruit: Showy Other: Winter Interest Tolerate: Erosion, Wet Soil Garden locations

Culture

Easily grown in moist, humusy soils in full sun to part shade. Grows very well in wet soils, including flood conditions and shallow standing water. Adapts to a wide range of soils except dry ones. Pruning is usually not necessary, but may be done in early spring to shape. If plants become unmanageable, however, they may be cut back near to the ground in early spring to revitalize.

Noteworthy Characteristics

Buttonbush is a somewhat coarse, deciduous shrub with an open-rounded habit that typically grows 6-12’ (infrequently to 20’) tall. It is common throughout Missouri, most frequently occurring in wet open areas, low woods, thickets, swamps, upland sink-hole ponds, river bottomland and stream/pond margins (Steyermark). Tiny, tubular, 5-lobed, fragrant white flowers appear in dense, spherical, long-stalked flower heads (to 1.5” diameter) in early to mid-summer. Long, projecting styles give the flower heads a distinctively pincushion-like appearance. Flower heads are very attractive to bees and butterflies. Flower heads mature into hard spherical ball-like fruits consisting of multiple tiny two-seeded nutlets. Fruiting heads usually persist throughout the winter. Ovate to elliptic glossy bright green leaves (to 6” long) are in pairs or whorls. Leaves emerge late in spring (May). Genus name comes from the Greek words cephalo (head) and anthos (flower).

Problems

No serious insect or disease problems.

Garden Uses

Naturalize in woodland areas, native plant gardens, pond margins, low spots or shrub borders. May also be grown in shallow water at the edge of ponds or large water gardens.

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=286... 7/22/2014 City of Creve Coeur, Missouri Dam and Channel Rehabilitation Project

Figure 35: Hearty Hibiscus flower

Figure 36: Hearty Hibiscus shrub.

Shrubs Hibiscus moscheutos 'Luna Red' - Plant Finder Page 1 of 2

Home Support the Garden Members Shop Volunteer Jobs Media Contact

Visit Things To Do Learn & Discover Gardens & Gardening Sustainability Plant Conservation Plant Science About Gardens & Gardening > Your Garden > Plant Finder

Like Plant Finder? Help us Hibiscus moscheutos 'Luna Red' improve and expand it!

Back to Previous Page Plant Finder Lawn, Landscape & Common Name: hardy hibiscus Garden Design Type: Herbaceous perennial Edible Gardening Family: Malvaceae Advice, Tips & Resources Zone: 5 to 9 Plants of Merit Height: 2.00 to 3.00 feet Sustainable Gardening Spread: 1.50 to 2.00 feet Gardening Education & Bloom Time: July to September Classes , See Comments Bloom Description: Deep burgandy red Visit the Center for Home More Images Sun: Full sun Gardening Tried and Trouble-free Water: Medium to wet Gardening Help Site Map Recommended by 5 Professionals Maintenance: Low Suggested Use: Rain Garden Flower: Showy Gardening Help Search Attracts: Butterflies Tolerate: Deer, Wet Soil Search Garden locations

Culture

Easily grown in average, medium to wet soils in full sun. Best in moist, organically rich soils, but does surprisingly well in average garden soils as long as those soils are not allowed to dry out. Regular deep watering is advisable. Tolerates some light shade, but full sun with good air circulation produces the best flowers, strongest stems and best environment for resisting potential diseases. Site in locations protected from strong winds to minimize risk of wind burn. Growing tips may be pinched when they reach 8” and again at 12” to promote bushiness, although ‘Luna Red’ by reputation branches well without pinching. Deadhead individual flowers to maintain plant appearance. Cut back stems to approximately 3-4” tall in late autumn. New growth shoots are slow to emerge in spring. However, once new growth begins, it proceeds rapidly. Plants will benefit from regular fertilization during the growing season. ‘Luna Red’ may be grown from seed.

Noteworthy Characteristics

‘Luna Red’ is a vigorous, sturdy, rounded, somewhat shrubby, woody-based hibiscus (or rose mallow) cultivar. It is a seed variety that is more compact than the species, typically growing to only 2-3’ tall. It features dinner plate-sized, five-petaled, hollyhock-like flowers (7-8” diameter). Flowers are deep burgundy red. Each flower has a prominent and showy creamy white to pale yellow central staminal column. Individual flowers last only one day, but one or more flowers usually open each day, in succession, over a long mid- summer to early fall bloom period. Flowers are among the largest produced by any perennial that is winter hardy to the St. Louis area.

Problems

No serious insect or disease problems. Some susceptibility to leaf spots, blights, rusts and canker. Japanese beetles, whiteflies and aphids are occasional insect visitors. Japanese beetles can severely damage foliage if left unchecked. Leaf scorch will occur if soils are allowed to dry out. Healthy plants grown in the proper environment usually do not need staking.

Garden Uses

Borders. Specimen, group or mass. Temporary hedge. Useful in low spots or wet areas in the landscape. Effective along streams or ponds. This compact variety may be grown in containers.

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=258... 7/22/2014