DOCSLIB.ORG

The Fine Art of Exploration

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Fine Art of Exploration OceTHE OFFICIALa MAGAZINEn ogOF THE OCEANOGRAPHYra SOCIETYphy CITATION Widder, E. 2016. The fine art of exploration. Oceanography 29(4):170–177, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.86. DOI https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.86 COPYRIGHT This article has been published in Oceanography, Volume 29, Number 4, a quarterly journal of The Oceanography Society. Copyright 2016 by The Oceanography Society. All rights reserved. USAGE Permission is granted to copy this article for use in teaching and research. Republication, systematic reproduction, or collective redistribution of any portion of this article by photocopy machine, reposting, or other means is permitted only with the approval of The Oceanography Society. Send all correspondence to: [email protected] or The Oceanography Society, PO Box 1931, Rockville, MD 20849-1931, USA. DOWNLOADED FROM HTTP://TOS.ORG/OCEANOGRAPHY REGULAR ISSUE FEATURE The Fine Art of Exploration By Edith Widder 170 Oceanography | Vol.29, No.4 ABSTRACT. Else Bostelmann was the artist who created the iconic imagery depicting mentioned that some of those paint- William Beebe’s record-breaking bathysphere dives off Bermuda in the 1930s. Although ings had been published in National she has been largely relegated to history’s footnotes, the discovery of a cache of her Geographic. That got my attention. I works and papers provides some new insights into her life and the part she played in asked if there was any chance it was Else the history of deep-sea exploration. Bostelmann. Janeen didn’t know, but said she would find out and get back to A few years ago, a physical oceanogra- ignominious handling of the bathysphere me. When she did, I was delighted to pher friend of mine gave a public lec- that transported William Beebe and Otis discover it was in fact Bostelmann, and ture on the tides. He did a masterful job Barton into the ocean off Bermuda in Janeen set up an appointment for me to of explaining the phenomenon, but the 1930 to make their record-breaking dives visit her friend’s apartment in Miami. part of his lecture that I remember best and the first direct observations of life in I first became familiar with Bostelmann was when he described his pilgrimage to the deep sea (Figure 1). Instead of being from her illustrations in William Beebe’s the Bay of Fundy in Canada, the place duly memorialized as a chariot of the classic Half-Mile Down (1934), the book on Earth credited with the most extreme gods, the bathysphere has had a bumpy in which he described his record breaking tides. He was looking forward to this trip history; it includes having been used to dives. Most deep-sea scientists recognize and carefully timed it so he would arrive test the impacts of underwater explo- those paintings. Along with Beebe’s evoc- early enough to find a parking space with sions during World War II and being ative prose, they helped open a portal to plenty of time to spare before the peak misplaced from 1994 until 2005, when it an alien world. Beebe was someone who tide. What stuck with me was his utter turned up hidden away under the Coney could never be accused of not being able bafflement at the fact that the parking lot Island rollercoaster. Thankfully, it’s now to contextualize the moment for his audi- was empty, and he was the only person on display at the New York Aquarium, ence, as is clearly evident in his descrip- there to witness what he viewed as one of but compare this to NASA’s various tion of his first deep dive with Barton in the natural wonders of the world. museums, including the Johnson Space the bathysphere and the moment they I had a similar sense of bafflement Center, the Goddard Visitor Center, and reached the heretofore unimaginable when I first visited the bathyscaphe Trieste the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space depth of 700 feet: at the US Navy’s National Museum in Museum, that conserve and memorial- Washington, DC. For those who haven’t ize every possible artifact related to space Ever since the beginnings of human history, made this pilgrimage, I should warn you, exploration—including astronauts’ socks, when first the Phoenicians dared to sail the it’s not easy to find. When I finally did toothbrushes, and disposable underwear! open sea, thousands upon thousands of find it, I was amazed to discover I was We know we need to get better at con- human beings had reached the depth at the only person in the museum. I had to textualizing our science. A step in the which we were now suspended, and had wait half an hour before somebody finally right direction would be to do a better passed on to lower levels. But all of these came by whom I could ask to take my job of preserving our historical artifacts were dead, drowned victims of war, tem- picture standing next to this famous relic and sharing them with the public in a pest, or other Acts of God. We were the first of deep-sea exploration: the vehicle that way that will excite the kind of thrill that living men to look out at the strange illu- in 1960 carried Don Walsh and Jacques NASA is so good at eliciting. With that mination: And it was stranger than any Piccard to the deepest point in the ocean. in mind, I share here an unexpected find imagination could have conceived. We in oceanography often bemoan the of some precious artifacts of deep-sea pitiful budget allotted for ocean explo- exploration history. The utter strangeness of all he saw ration compared to space exploration, Everyone wants to find a hidden trea- posed a challenge for Beebe, because but we don’t have to look very far to see sure. Anyone who has will tell you the even such a master of the spoken and that part of the problem is that the NASA sweetest part of finding treasure is the written word found it nearly impossi- public relations machine dwarfs our own process of discovery. Mine began over ble to describe the scenes he witnessed stumbling efforts. A case in point is the breakfast with a friend of mine, an art- out the bathysphere’s port to an audience ist named Janeen Mason. Janeen had that knew nothing of deep-sea life. That’s just illustrated a children’s book about where Bostelmann came in. Bostelmann FACING PAGE. Study in gouache of pelagic snails on a black background (28.6 × 36.2 cm) by fish, which had prompted a fellow art- drew what Beebe saw, and her artwork Else Bostelmann. These detailed drawings are ist friend of hers to mention a bunch of appeared not only in Half-Mile Down based on careful examination of trawled spec- old paintings that she had in her closet but also in a series of widely read articles imens, including a dagger-shaped Creseis, a coiled Limacina, an eggplant-shaped Cuvierina that included a lot of fish paintings by that Beebe wrote for National Geographic columnella, and shield-shaped cavolinids. her husband’s great grandmother. She in the 1930s. Oceanography | December 2016 171 He described their creative process in I found behind that door was a lot more new species. It was the sixteenth of the Half-Mile Down: than the few sketch books and discarded whole genus to be taken by man, and the drawings that I was expecting. This was first ever to be seen alive.” Soon after I returned to the surface I the motherlode! It included examples of Access to trawled specimens like these reviewed my telephoned notes*, espe- Bostelmann’s renditions of deep-sea fauna was a critical component of Bostelmann’s cially of the several new fish of which I had on black backgrounds, which are known ability to recreate the deep-sea scenes that been given such excellent sights. I added as the “black paintings” (see figures). I had Beebe described. Unlike the “brain fish,” all the details that came to mind. Then, been thrilled to see some of these paint- which Beebe had to create from memory with my artist Mrs. Bostelmann, I went ings several years before when they were because it resembled nothing he had seen into an artistic huddle, made scrawling on temporary display at the Monterey Bay before, most of Bostelmann’s paintings attempts myself, and then carefully cor- Aquarium as part of a deep-sea exhibit. included exquisite detail right down to rected her trained drawing. Little by lit- Those were some of the originals pub- the correct number of fin rays and photo- tle my brain fish materialized, its propor- lished in Half Mile Down, but the ones phores and other features too fine to have tions, size, color, lights, fins interdigitated that I was holding in my hands had never been based on Beebe’s verbal descriptions. with those of my memory, and we have appeared in any publication, so far as I This was possible because trawling played a splendid finished painting, which rep- knew. One, labeled “Fairy Fish” on the a major role in “the expedition,” as it was resents the vision in front of my window back, was a stunning, detailed study of called, which was a privately funded, at 11:52 in the morning of August elev- two Dolichopteryx (Opisthoproctidae), intensive study of ocean life in an eight- enth [1934], 1900 feet below the surface of remarkable deep-sea fish with tubular square-mile area of the ocean off Bermuda the Atlantic Ocean.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Beneath Tropic Seas; a Record of Diving Among the Coral Reefs of Haiti
    ^'%^^ C Ij > iUiJs'fr) R/V ChTiiit-UBRARY BOOKS BY WILLIAM BEEBE TWO BIRD-LOVERS IN MEXICO Houghton, Mifflin Co.—ig05 THE BIRD Henry Holt and Co.—igo6 THE LOG OP THE SUN Henry Holt and Co.—igo6 OUR SEARCH FOR A WILDERNESS Henry Holt and Co.—ig/o TROPICAL WILD LIFE New York Zoological Society—igr^ JUNGLE PEACE Henry Holt and Co. —igiS EDGE OF THE JUNGLE Henry Holt and Co.—ig2l A MONOGRAPH OF THE PHEASANTS H. F. Witherby and Co.—igi8-ig22 GALAPAGOS: WORLD'S END G. P. Putnam's Sons—ig24 JUNGLE DAYS G. P. Putnam's Sons—ig2S THE ARCTURUS ADVENTURE G. P. Putnam's Sons—ig26 pheasants: their lives and homes Doubleday, Page ^ Co. —1926 pheasant JUNGLES G. P. Putnam's Sons—Jg2y BENEATH TROPIC BEAS G. P. Putnam's Sons—1928 ^1 No-Man's-Land Five Fathoms Down Painted by Zarh Pritchard many feet beneath the water on a coral reef in the Lagoon of Maraa, Tahiti ^' BENEATH TROPIC SEAS C" ^ A RECORD OF DIVING AMONG THE CORAL REEFS OF HAITI BY WILLIAM BEEBE, ScD. ^Director of the 'Department of 'tropical 'Research of the V^ew york 'Zoological Society TH SIXTY ILLUSTRATIONS G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS NEW YORK — LONDON 1928 R/V Cjri>*«W BENEATH TROPIC SEAS ex- Copyright, 1928 by William Beebe First printing, September, 1928 Second printing, September, 1928 ^^ Made in the United States of America To ELSWYTH THANE I PREFACE The Tenth Expedition of the Department of Tropical Research of the New York Zoological Society was made possible by generous contribu- tions from members of the Society.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Technology
    Question Type: Toss up Category: Technology Question Format: Multiple Choice Question: What is the name of the first oceanographic satellite? Answer W: SEASTAR Answer X: Seasat Answer Y: Jason-1 Answer Z: Aqua Correct Answer: X Question Type: Bonus Category: Technology Question Format: Multiple Choice Question: What is the Nansen bottle used for? Answer W: Collecting animal samples Answer X: Collecting plant samples Answer Y: Collecting water samples Answer Z: Collecting phytoplankton samples Correct Answer: Y Question Type: Toss up Category: Technology Question Format: Multiple Choice Question: What two people invented SCUBA? Answer W: Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan Answer X: Jacques Cousteau and Jim Jarratt Answer Y: Jim Jarratt and William Beebe Answer Z: Jacques Piccard and Robert Ballard Correct Answer: W Question Type: Bonus Category: Technology Question Format: Short Answer Question: What does SCUBA stand for? Answer: Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus Question Type: Toss up Category: Technology Question Format: Multiple Choice Question: What is SONAR used for? Answer W: Finding marine animals Answer X: Mapping the seafloor Answer Y: Disrupting enemy’s SONAR Answer Z: Collecting water creatures Correct Answer: X Question Type: Bonus Category: Technology Question Format: Multiple Choice Question: What is the order of development of underwater suits? Answer W: Diving chamber, Jim Suit, diving suit, and SCUBA Answer X: Jim Suit, SCUBA, Diving chamber, and diving suit Answer Y: SCUBA, diving suit, diving chamber, and Jim Suit Answer Z: Diving chamber, diving suit, SCUBA, and Jim Suit Correct Answer: Z Question Type: Toss up Category: Technology Question Format: Multiple Choice Question: What Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) was used to photograph the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • What Lies Beneath: Our Love Affair with Living Underwater an Artisit’S Impression of Life on Conshelf III
    What lies beneath: our love affair with living underwater An artisit’s impression of life on Conshelf III. Illustration: Davis Meltzer/National Geographic How the 1960s craze for oceanic exploration changed our relationship with the planet by Chris Michael Seascape: the state of our oceans is supported by About this content Mon 8 Jun 2020 08.00 BSTLast modified on Mon 8 Jun 2020 10.35 BST • • • Shares 124 In November 1966, the Gemini 12 spacecraft, carrying two astronauts, splashed down in the Pacific. The four-day mission was a triumph, proving that humans could work in outer space, and even step into the great unknown, albeit tethered to their spacecraft. It catapulted the US ahead of the USSR in the space race. From then, Nasa’s goal was to beat the Russians to the moon. That meant weeks rather than days in space, in an isolated, claustrophobic environment. There was one perfect way to prepare humans for these conditions: going underwater. The world was gripped. If we could land people on the moon, why not colonise the ocean as well? Nasa scientists were not the first to dream of marine living. Evidence of submarines and diving bells can be found as far back as the 16th century. The literary grandfather of all things deep, Jules Verne, popularised the idea of a more sophisticated underwater life with 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea in 1872, but it was in the 20th century that the fascination really took hold. In the 1930s, American naturalist William Beebe and engineer Otis Barton collaborated on experimental submersibles called bathyspheres which set records for deep diving and opened up the underwater realm of plants and animals to science.
    [Show full text]
  • Beneath Tropic Seas C" ^ a Record of Diving Among the Coral Reefs of Haiti
    ^'%^^ C Ij > iUiJs'fr) R/V ChTiiit-UBRARY BOOKS BY WILLIAM BEEBE TWO BIRD-LOVERS IN MEXICO Houghton, Mifflin Co.—ig05 THE BIRD Henry Holt and Co.—igo6 THE LOG OP THE SUN Henry Holt and Co.—igo6 OUR SEARCH FOR A WILDERNESS Henry Holt and Co.—ig/o TROPICAL WILD LIFE New York Zoological Society—igr^ JUNGLE PEACE Henry Holt and Co. —igiS EDGE OF THE JUNGLE Henry Holt and Co.—ig2l A MONOGRAPH OF THE PHEASANTS H. F. Witherby and Co.—igi8-ig22 GALAPAGOS: WORLD'S END G. P. Putnam's Sons—ig24 JUNGLE DAYS G. P. Putnam's Sons—ig2S THE ARCTURUS ADVENTURE G. P. Putnam's Sons—ig26 pheasants: their lives and homes Doubleday, Page ^ Co. —1926 pheasant JUNGLES G. P. Putnam's Sons—Jg2y BENEATH TROPIC BEAS G. P. Putnam's Sons—1928 ^1 No-Man's-Land Five Fathoms Down Painted by Zarh Pritchard many feet beneath the water on a coral reef in the Lagoon of Maraa, Tahiti ^' BENEATH TROPIC SEAS C" ^ A RECORD OF DIVING AMONG THE CORAL REEFS OF HAITI BY WILLIAM BEEBE, ScD. ^Director of the 'Department of 'tropical 'Research of the V^ew york 'Zoological Society TH SIXTY ILLUSTRATIONS G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS NEW YORK — LONDON 1928 R/V Cjri>*«W BENEATH TROPIC SEAS ex- Copyright, 1928 by William Beebe First printing, September, 1928 Second printing, September, 1928 ^^ Made in the United States of America To ELSWYTH THANE I PREFACE The Tenth Expedition of the Department of Tropical Research of the New York Zoological Society was made possible by generous contribu- tions from members of the Society.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 2 Oceanography Review
    History of Oceanography! • Oceanography vs. other sciences • Historical Periods – Prehistoric peoples – Discovery and Navigation – Challenger Expedition – Post World War II • History of Photosynthesis • Evolutions/Revolutions Evolution of Scientific Disciplines! • Observation • Hypothesis Testing • Manipulation • Control Homer’s View of the World (~900 BC)! • The Mediterranean (Thalassa) was surrounded by land, and in turn surrounded by a “continuous river”" • The earth was still flat" Ptolemy’s Atlas (~150 A.D.) " ! • Ptolemy developed a “conic” projection (latitude and longitude are accounted for), so the earth is round." • North is on top, East is on Right, but the circumference is only 29,000 km!" HMS Beagle (1831-1836)! Scientific Hypotheses (post-Beagle)! •! Edward Forbes: The “azoic hypothesis” •! Ross Brothers: deep-sea life at the poles, and the “emergence hypothesis” •! Darwin: Natural Selection and Evolution •! 1857: T.H. Huxley describes “Bathybius haeckllii” 1872-1876: The Challenger Expedition! At each station: - depth, bottom water temperature, and meteorological information was recorded - Bottom sample was collected, as well as a sample of bottom water - direction and rate of surface currents was determined At many stations: - vertical profiles of chemistry, temperature, and currents were determined - bottom flora, fauna were collected - nets were used to sample intermediate depths Technology and Oceanography! Scripps Institute of Oceanography established, 1903-1910 (originally a Naturalist society) 1925 Meteor Expedition,
    [Show full text]
  • Williams Galapagos Expedition. Volume V, Number 1 December 31, 1923
    Williams Galapagos expedition. Volume V, Number 1 December 31, 1923 New York, New York: New York Zoological Society, December 31, 1923 https://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/VU2ARNSEUH3PS8P This material may be protected by copyright law (e.g., Title 17, US Code). For information on re-use see: http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/Copyright The libraries provide public access to a wide range of material, including online exhibits, digitized collections, archival finding aids, our catalog, online articles, and a growing range of materials in many media. When possible, we provide rights information in catalog records, finding aids, and other metadata that accompanies collections or items. However, it is always the user's obligation to evaluate copyright and rights issues in light of their own use. 728 State Street | Madison, Wisconsin 53706 | library.wisc.edu Library of R. MARK RYAN fn po SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY DEPARTMENT OF TROPICAL RESEARCH WILLIAMS GALAPAGOS EXPEDITION LEE gle EAP ee) Nis * fe bo 8 Na eo kad aor Qiao be EH ; BG eg VOLUME V, NUMBER 1 Department of Tropical Research, Contribution Number 151 WILLIAMS GALAPAGOS EXPEDITION By WILLIAM BEEBE Director, Department of Tropical Research and Honorary Curator of Birds New York Zoological Society PUB lel Sh DP aeB) Y o.T Hen SOnG 1b Wey TEES ZO Ol OGG A PARK SN HW) Y OLR December 31, 1923 90° S30! We DAPHNE MINOR@ QQNORTH SEYMOUR DAPHNE: MAJORO) ro EE BEER SourH SEYMOUR GUY FAWKES ee, @0 ce - : ae é \ “39 30. BS oa ( Ve an 2 SDL Rn EDERQ-°@~ HARRISON cove 2 ISLAND) eS \ Tei Diy A il GeAn Eee Co ( d oy (ayers —————— Won | AMERICA | emptor ( anh \ 7 oa SS f 0 fi Ta Equator | he =< Ww GALAPAGOs | X ee st a) ISLANDS x _ wy ? | f ‘ ames Be — Sw, bie i % 85 oe ee | } : Siilimay Bay [Se DUNCAN(Y~ (Qnvera rman ‘ 2 teadem ‘sae fs N i meee Geen oe | ROUTE nnn “NOTIA” CP evanixs GALAPAGOS ISLANDS Plate A.
    [Show full text]
  • Life in the Ocean the Story of Oceanographer Sylvia Earle
    Page 1 of 2 Life in the Ocean - The Story of Oceanographer Sylvia Earle Claire A. Nivola 1. What does Sylvia Earle call the ocean? The blue heart of the planet 2. Where did Sylvia live in her childhood? Why? On an old farm in Paulsboro, NJ, because her parents wanted her and her brothers to grow up in the country as they had done. 3. What did mom call what Sylvia liked to do outside with her notebook? Investigations 4. Where did Sylvia move when she was 12? She moved to Clearwater, Florida with the Gulf of Mexico right in her own backyard. 5. What did Mom say happen to Sylvia when they moved to Florida? Sylvia “lost her heart to the water.” 6. What was the book that Sylvia found that inspired her? A book by naturalist William Beebe that described his descent into the ocean in his Bathysphere. 7. Name some ways Sylvia was always diving deeper to see more. * At 16 she swam 30 feet to the bottom of the river using diving gear * Scuba diving to research algae for a university degree * The only woman on a research ship in the Indian Ocean * Leading a team of divers in a deep-sea laboratory off the US Virgin Islands * Walking in an aqua suit on the ocean floor * Using a one-person spherical bubble to descend 3,000 feet in the Pacific * Plunging 13,000 feet in a Japanese submersible 8. How did Sylvia describe whales? They are like swallows or like otters. They move in any direction.
    [Show full text]
  • Hidden Depths His Income
    NATURE|Vol 435|19 May 2005 BOOKS & ARTS the paintings were linked to patterns found Grant’s detailed and well orga- on Turkish kilims today, but the Çatalhöyük nized biography is a treasure. From patterns cannot be made into rugs using the the waters of Bermuda to the weaving technology preserved at the site. jungles of Venezuela, Beebe was The book details much debate but few tireless in his enthusiasm for conclusions. The result is a good read that understanding the living world, bespeaks the importance of this enigmatic and and he provided the inspiration iconic site and highlights Balter’s considerable for many scientific careers. journalistic skills. The book is both accessible Brad Matsen’s Descent focuses SOCIETY WILDLIFE CONSERVATION and fascinating. Balter tries, with moderate on Beebe’s collaboration with Otis success, to show us how personality, national- Barton and their bathysphere ity and the training of the scientists involved dives. In the 1930s, they plunged influences their scientific ideas. six times deeper than anyone Yet the book left me distinctly dissatisfied: before and became the first people I learned more about the childhoods of the to see deep-sea life in situ. “No excavation team members than about ancient human eye had glimpsed this part Çatalhöyük. This is an intelligent, provocative of the planet before us,” wrote Bar- book by a distinguished science writer who ton, often considered the more visited the site every field season for six years, prosaic of the pair, “this pitch- interviewed the excavators, and read their The descent of man: William Beebe (left) and Otis Barton black country lighted only by the publications, which are referenced in extensive used their bathysphere to explore the ocean depths.
    [Show full text]
  • The Underwater Je Ne Sais Quoi
    MARGARET COHEN Denotation in Alien Environments: The Underwater Je Ne Sais Quoi H UMAN OBSERVATION OF THE AQUATIC environment received a dramatic boost with the development in England of the closed- helmet diving suit, designed by the German engineer Augustus Siebe, in the 1830s.1 Siebe’s invention was in wide use by the middle of the nineteenth century, part of a history of dive innovation, which in the 1940s would yield the basis of modern SCUBA, the aqualung, still the preferred equipment for diving today. As divers immersed themselves in the new underwater frontier, they observed life and conditions that differed dramatically from conditions on land. The underwater environment proved so unusual that the people who first sought to convey its features found themselves at a loss for words. Philippe Tailliez was the first captain of the French navy’s pathbreaking team for underwater research founded in 1945 (Groupe d’Etudes et de Recherches Sous-marines, known as GERS), which, among its activities, tested the aqualung co-invented by its most famous member, Jacques-Yves Cousteau. When Tailliez was asked by a fellow diver in the orbit of GERS, Philippe Diol´e, to describe ‘‘how things looked at ...a depth of 30 to 45 fathoms [about 180–290 feet],’’ then at the limit of accessibility, Tailliez responded with ‘‘a doubtful expression: ‘It’s not possible. You can’t describe it.’’’2 Diol´e recounts, however, that Tailliez then ‘‘changed his mind and his face brightened: ‘Wait,’ he said, ‘have you a Rimbaud?’’’Diol´e ‘‘went at once to get him the book,’’ whereupon Tailliez read ‘‘The Drunken Boat,’’ ‘‘under his breath’’and ‘‘marked some lines with his nail.’’In these lines Arthur Rimbaud writes of bathing in ‘‘le poe`me / de la mer infus´e d’astres et lactescent .../ abstract While documentary is generally thought to value clarity and denotation, this article examines nonfiction documentary forms wheremorepoeticpracticeshaveservedas a communicative, if not denotative, tool.
    [Show full text]
  • On Monsters: Or, Nine Or More (Monstrous) Not Cannies Author(S): China Miéville Source: Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, Vol
    International Association for the Fantastic in the Arts On Monsters: Or, Nine or More (Monstrous) Not Cannies Author(s): China Miéville Source: Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, Vol. 23, No. 3 (86) (2012), pp. 377-392 Published by: International Association for the Fantastic in the Arts Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/24353080 Accessed: 22-03-2017 13:08 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms International Association for the Fantastic in the Arts is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts This content downloaded from 84.209.249.69 on Wed, 22 Mar 2017 13:08:29 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms On Monsters: Or, Nine or More (Monstrous) Not Connies China Mieville JL HANK YOU SO MUCH FOR HAVING ME. I AM DEEPLY HONORED TO BE A GUEST at ICFA. The program describes this talk as being called "On Monsters." I'd like as is traditional to fiddle with and fossick around that title, and to append to it the phrase "Nine or More (Monstrous) Not Cannies." This talk itself is two monsters.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Scientific Research Linda A
    University of Miami Law School Institutional Repository University of Miami Inter-American Law Review 12-1-1978 Marine Scientific Research Linda A. Caruso Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.law.miami.edu/umialr Part of the Law of the Sea Commons Recommended Citation Linda A. Caruso, Marine Scientific Research, 10 U. Miami Inter-Am. L. Rev. 932 (1978) Available at: http://repository.law.miami.edu/umialr/vol10/iss3/11 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Miami Inter- American Law Review by an authorized administrator of Institutional Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Impact of the Law of the Sea Conference on The International Law of Freedom of Marine Scientific Research LINDA A. CARUSO* I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 932 II. BENEFITS OF MARINE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH .................. 934 III. TECHNOLOGY FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ................. 934 A. Seasat and Ocean W eather ...................................... 937 B . O il Sp ills .............................................................. 939 IV. THE UNITED NATIONS LAW OF THE SEA CONFERENCES... 940 A. Scientific Research in the Exclusive Economic Zone ..... 941 B. Scientific Research on the High Seas ......................... 944 C. Prospectsfor Future Negotiations ............................. 947 V . C ONCLUSIONS ......................................... .................. 948
    [Show full text]
  • OCN100--Study Guide...Introduction, Chapters 1 -3
    OCN100--Study Guide...Introduction, Chapters 1 -3 Chapter 1: Introduction to Planet "Earth" . About ____% of the Earth's surface is covered by oceans. The northern / southern hemisphere has the largest area of ocean. About ____% of the water (including ice) on Earth is in the ocean. List the 4 principal oceans in order of size. Which is the deepest? . Where is the Southern Ocean? What defines its extent? . The average depth of the ocean is approx. _______ meters; the average height of land is ______ meters; this makes the average ocean depth _______ times deeper than land is high. The deepest spot in the ocean is the ____________________; its depth is _______ meters. Including above and below sea level portions, the tallest mountain on earth is ___________. Be able to briefly describe the major achievements or significance of the following persons/nations/ ships/programs/research tools: (Note: You will find many of these described in Chapters 1-3; use the index to find any others) Ferdinand Magellan Chikyu bathysphere John Harrison Kon Tiki submersible James Cook GLOMAR Challenger remote operating vehicle (ROV) Fridtjof Nansen Alvin SONAR William Beebe Trieste Multibeam sonar Robert Ballard HMS Challenger sextant Integrated Ocean Drilling JOIDES Resolution chronometer Program (IODP) NOAA Fram seismic reflection profiling Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) False color image . Describe the 4 steps in the "scientific method." How is a hypothesis different from a theory? . Draw a diagram to illustrate how latitude and longitude are used to designate locations on Earth. Describe the characteristics and physical properties of each of the earth's layers: crust (continental and oceanic), mantle, inner and outer core.
    [Show full text]