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Rediscovery of the 'Extinct'bee Hesperocolletes Douglasi Michener

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Rediscovery of the 'Extinct'bee Hesperocolletes Douglasi Michener PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online OPEN ACCESS every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication Rediscovery of the ‘extinct’ bee Hesperocolletes douglasi Michener, 1965 (Colletidae: Colletinae: Paracolletini) in Western Australia and first description of the female Juliana Pille Arnold, Mark V. Murphy, Raphael K. Didham & Terry F. Houston 26 February 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 3 | Pages: 13310–13319 DOI: 10.11609/jot.4610.11.3.13310-13319 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. Partner Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2019 | 11(3): 13310–13319 Rediscovery of the ‘extinct’ bee Hesperocolletes douglasi Communication Michener, 1965 (Colletidae: Colletinae: Paracolletini) in ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) Western Australia and first description of the female ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Juliana Pille Arnold 1 , Mark V. Murphy 2 , Raphael K. Didham 3 & Terry F. Houston 4 PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS 1,2,3 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Strling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia. 1,3 CSIRO Land & Water, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, Perth, Western Australia 6014, Australia. 4 Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew Street, Welshpool, Perth, Western Australia 6106, Australia. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected] Abstract: The second known specimen of the bee Hesperocolletes douglasi Michener, 1965 is here reported as a serendipitous fnd among a collecton of insect pollinators from an isolated woodland remnant in the Southwest Floristc Region of Western Australia. The unique male holotype of this monotypic genus of bees was collected 80 years ago and ofcially gazeted as presumed extnct in 1994. With our collecton of a female specimen in 2015, however, it now appears that H. douglasi may persist as an extant localised populaton. Follow-up eforts to fnd more specimens at the collecton locality so far proved unsuccessful, indicatng that the species is likely either very rare or inhabits an ecological niche that is yet to be discovered. Analysis of the pollen load carried by the female indicates that the species may be polylectc. We discuss the context of the rediscovery of the bee, provide a detailed descripton and illustratons of the female, and make observatons about the unusual morphological characteristcs of the species. The rediscovery of H. douglasi emphasizes the importance of conservaton eforts for remnant woodlands in the region, both as potental habitat for the bee and as remaining habitat essental for other rare and threatened species in this global biodiversity hotspot. Keywords: Banksia woodlands, Douglas’s Broad-headed Bee, global biodiversity hotspot, Hesperocolletes, pollinator, rediscovery, Southwest Australian Floristc Region, threatened species. DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4610.11.3.13310-13319 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:40D3C553-9807-4CF5-8CA8-4A882737DA42 Editor: Anonymity requested. Date of publicaton: 26 February 2019 (online & print) Manuscript details: #4610 | Received 19 October 2018 | Final received 08 February 2019 | Finally accepted 13 February 2019 Citaton: Pille Arnold, J., M.V. Murphy, R.K. Didham & T.F. Houston (2019). Rediscovery of the ‘extnct’ bee Hesperocolletes douglasi Michener, 1965 (Colletdae: Colletnae: Paracolletni) in Western Australia and frst descripton of the female. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(3): 13310–13319; htps://doi.org/10.11609/ jot.4610.11.3.13310-13319 Copyright: © Pille Arnold et al. 2019. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Funding: ARC Linkage Project LP110200304; Endeavour Postgraduate Scholarship; CSIRO Top-Up Scholarship; UWA School of Biological Sciences. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Author Details: Juliana Pille Arnold has a MSc degree in Applied Ecology and Conservaton (University of East Anglia, UK) and is currently doing a PhD in Ecology at the University of Western Australia and CSIRO Land & Water, working on the efects of land-use change on insect pollinator diversity and plant-pollinator interacton networks. Mark V. Murphy recently completed a PhD (2012–16) and research positon (2016–18) at the University of Western Australia, working on insect diversity and community ecology (Hymenoptera) in the Wheatbelt and Swan Coastal Plain regions of Southwest Australia. He is currently based in the UK writng up research from his PhD. Raphael K. Didham is Professor of Ecology in the School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, and holds a joint research positon with CSIRO Health & Biosecurity. His research focuses on the synergistc efects of multple drivers of global change on biodiversity loss and ecological resilience within remnant natural ecosystems. Terry F. Houston is a research associate in the Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Perth and has specialised in the systematcs and natural history of Australian natve bees for more than 50 years. Author Contributon: JPA conceived and designed the project, conducted feldwork, collected the bee, and analysed its pollen load; RKD contributed to project setup and design and data collecton; RKD and JPA obtained funding for the project; MVM initally identfed the specimen; TFH confrmed the bee identty and described the specimen; JPA wrote the frst draf of the manuscript; all authors contributed substantally to revisions. Specimen illustratons are by TFH. Acknowledgements: We thank the Department of Biodiversity, Conservaton and Atractons (DBCA), Department of the Environment and Energy, and volunteers for all the assistance received. Permits to conduct research were obtained from the DBCA. JPA and RKD gratefully acknowledge the funding received from the Australian Government (ARC Linkage Project LP110200304 to RKD, Endeavour Postgraduate Scholarship to JPA), the Commonwealth Scientfc and Industrial Research Organisaton (CSIRO) (Top-Up Scholarship to JPA), and the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Western Australia. 13310 Rediscovery of Hesperocolletes douglasi from Western Australia Pille Arnold et al. INTRODUCTION Species Scientfc Commitee 2016). Despite increasing fragmentaton, many Banksia woodlands fragments stll Wild bees are crucially important to crop producton have important conservaton value since they represent and the maintenance of natve plant biodiversity globally critcal remaining habitat for a large number of rare and (Ollerton et al. 2011; Winfree et al. 2011; Garibaldi et al. threatened plant and animal species (Harvey et al. 1997; 2013; Mallinger & Graton 2015; Ollerton 2017). In the How & Dell 2000; Hopper & Gioia 2004). Southwest Floristc Region (SWFR), a global hotspot of Douglas’s Broad-headed Bee Hesperocolletes douglasi biodiversity in Western Australia (WA), the diverse fauna Michener, 1965 (Colletdae: Paracolletni) is a short- of natve bees in the families Colletdae, Halictdae, tongued bee species from WA that was not recorded Stenotritdae, Megachilidae, and Apidae are partcularly in the region for almost 80 years and was presumed important for the pollinaton of natve plants (Brown et extnct untl now. This enigmatc species is known only al. 1997; Houston 2000). While many bee species in the from a single male specimen that was collected by A.M. SWFR are generalist foragers (polylectc), many others Douglas in November 1938 on Rotnest Island, located are specialized to varying degrees on certain host plants, approximately 18km of the coast of Perth (Fig. 1). From with some even showing morphology or behaviour the single specimen, it was clear that Douglas’s Broad- adaptatons related to oligolecty or monolecty (Houston headed Bee represented a unique phylogenetc lineage 2000). The pollinaton biology of the exceptonally of colletd bees, and Michener (1965) erected the genus diverse insect-pollinated fora of the SWFR remains Hesperocolletes for the new species. largely understudied, even though
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