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North Tripura District, Tripura

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North Tripura District, Tripura Technical Report Series: D No: 56/2011-12 Ground Water Information Booklet North Tripura District, Tripura Central Ground Water Board North Eastern Region Ministry of Water Resources Guwahati March 2012 AT A GLANCE North Tripura District, Tripura SL. NO. ITEMS STATISTICS 1. GENERAL INFORMATION i) Geographical Area (sq. km) 2106.16 ii) Administrative Divisions (as on 31.3.2008) No. of Blocks 8 No. of Gram Panchayats 103 No. of ADC villages 79 iii) Population (as per 2001 census) 5,90,913 iv) Average Annual Rainfall (mm) 2430 2. GEOMORPHOLOGY Major Physiographic units Hills- Jampui,Sakhantlang and Longtarai Valleys-Dharmanagar and Kailashahar Major Drainages Manu, Juri, Deo and Langai 3. LAND USE (SQ. KM) a) Forest Area 1223.31(58.08%) b) Net area sown 424.28(20.14) c) Cultivable area 730.23 4. MAJOR SOIL TYPES Transported soil, residual soil and lateritic soil. 5. AREA UNDER PRINCIPAL CROPS (2006 Rice 40815 ha – 07) Oil seeds 913 ha Potato 565 ha Maize 341 ha Irrigation by Different Sources (Areas and Numbers of Structures) Dug wells nil Tubewells / borewells 360 ha Canals nil Other sources - Lift irrigation 9534 ha - Medium irrigation 600 ha Net Irrigated Area 8395 ha Gross Irrigated Area 14523 ha 7. NUMBERS OF GROUND WATER MONITORING WELLS OF CGWB (As on 31.03.08) No. of Dug wells 7 No. of Piezometers 0 8. PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL Recent formation of Quaternary age FORMATION and Dupitila, Tipam and Surma formations of Upper Tertiary age 1 9. HYDROGEOLOGY Major water bearing formation Tipam sandstone Pre-monsoon depth to water level during 2008 1.45 – 8.14 m bgl Post-monsoon depth to water level during 2008 1.20 – 4.37 m bgl Long term trend for 10yrs (1999-2008) in m/ yr Pre-monsoon Rise-4 stations 0.105 - 0.571 Fall- 3 stations 0.047 - 0.112 Post-monsoon Rise-7 stations 0.028 - 0.313 10. GROUND WATER EXPLORATION BY CGWB (As on 31.03.07) No. of wells drilled (EW, OW, PZ, SH, Total) EW-13 nos.OW-3 nos.Pz- Nil Total- 16 nos Depth Range (m) 145-255 Discharge (lps) 1.08 to 26.5 Storativity (S) 2.2 x 10-3 to 4.2 x 10-4 Transmissivity (m2/ day) 4.5 to 1212 11. GROUND WATER QUALITY Presence of chemical constituents more than Iron up to 12 ppm (in deeper aquifer) permissible limit (e.g., EC, F, As, Fe) 12. DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES (2004) in mcm Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resources 341.1 Net Ground water Draft 23.50 Projected demand for domestic and industrial 46.39 uses up to year 2025 Stage of ground water development 6.89 % 13. AWARENESS AND TRAINING ACTIVITY Mass Awareness programme organized Nil Water Management Training Programme Nil organized 14. EFFORTS OF ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE & Nil RAINWATER HARVESTING Projects completed by CGWB (no. & amount Nil spent) Projects under technical guidance of CGWB Nil (nos.) 15. GROUND WATER CONTROL AND REGULATION No. of OE/ Critical/ Notified blocks Nil 16. MAJOR GROUND WATER PROBLEMS Ground water contain high iron AND ISSUES concentration. In shallow aquifer conc. of iron varies from 0.06 to 3.93 ppm and in deeper aquifer it varies from 0.06 to 12 ppm. 2 1.0 INTRODUCTION North Tripura district is situated between North Latitudes 23º36/26// and 24º34/22// and East Longitude 91º52/20// and 92º51/00// falling in the Survey of India degree sheet number 78P, 79M, 83D and 84A. It is bounded by Mizoram and Assam in the east, Bangladesh on north, south and northwestern sides, by Dhalai district on west and southwestern sides. The total geographical area of North Tripura District is 2106.16 sq.km. Kailashahar, the district headquarters of North Tripura district. Administratively, the district is divided into 3 nos. of sub–divisions which are in turn sub-divided into 8 nos. of blocks. There are 103nos. of gram panchayats and 79 Autonomous District Council (ADC) villages in the district. Forests cover 1223.31 sq.km (58%) of the total geographic area of the district. Land not available for agricultural use is 284.68 sq.km (14%). The net area sown is 424.28 sq.km which is only 20% of the total geographical area. As per 2001 census, the total population of the district is 5,90,913 persons with a density of 280 persons/ sq.km. The decadal growth rate is 26.49% (1991-2001). Drainage The anticlinal hill ranges forms the watersheds from which various drainage channels emerged. The common drainage patterns are sub-parallel to parallel and dendritic. Up to 4th order streams are found in the area. The major rivers in the area are Manu, Deo, Juri and Longai. These perennial rivers are a part of Barak sub-basin which in turn forms a part of Meghna basin. Irrigation There is no major irrigation project in the district. However, there is one medium irrigation project viz., Manu irrigation project located at Nalkata in Dhalai district which has command area in North Tripura district. The gross command area under the project is 5220 ha. The total irrigation potential created so far (2006-07) in the district is 10494 ha only i.e., only about 25% of the net sown area. Agriculture is mostly dependent on minor irrigation schemes apart from rainfall. The minor irrigation schemes found in the area are (1) lift irrigation schemes on perennial rivers and cherras, (2) diversions (3) weir (4) tanks, (5) deep tube wells (6) shallow tube wells and (7) artesian wells. The surface water schemes are the major irrigation sources. During the year 2006-07, out of 10494 ha of irrigation potential created, the surface water schemes constitute 10134 ha (97%) and the ground water irrigates only 360 ha (3%) of the total irrigation potential created. This shows that the ground water utilization is in the primitive stage in the district. The major crops grown in the area are rice, pulses, oilseeds, potato and other crops. Cropping pattern in the area is paddy oriented. During the year 2006-07, rice is grown in 40815 ha. During Kharif season farmers cultivate Aman paddy, the main crop of the district. This crop rarely requires any irrigation due to abundant rainfall during the period 3 Studies / Activities carried out by CGWB The earlier work on the hydrogeological conditions of Tripura state was carried out by the officers of the Ground Water Divisions of Geological Survey of India and later by the officers of the Central Ground Water Board. Systematic hydrogeological investigations carried out in the district during 1972 – 75. Then the district is covered by Re-appraisal hydrogeological investigations and ground water explorations by CGWB. During 2005-06, ground water management studies in the entire district and exploration at Panisagar were carried out. 2.0 RAINFALL AND CLIMATE The climate in the area is characterized by moderate temperature and is highly humid in nature. There are three prominent seasons summer, rainy and winter. The summer season spans from March to May and is followed by S W monsoon lasting till September. Winter season starts from November and lasts till the end of February. Rainfall The district is having 3 nos. of rain gauge stations located at Dharmanagar, Kailashahar and Kanchanpurr. The average annual rainfall for last 35 years (1971 – 2008) of the area is 2430 mm. Out of that the average monsoon rainfall is 1630 mm. The average nos. of rainy days for last 5 years is 110. Maximum rainfall of 4026 mm (1993) recorded at Kailashahar and minimum rainfall of 1598 mm (2001) recorded at Kanchanpur. The co-efficient of variation of rainfall in the area ranges from 19 – 21% suggested a low variability of annual rainfall. Other Climatic features The temperature in the area varies from 5.1oC to 35.6oC. The humidity is generally high throughout the year. In summer season the relative humidity varies between 50 to 90 percent and in rainy season, the relative humidity is over 85 percent in morning and in evening it varies between 70 to 80 percent. 3.0 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SOIL TYPES Geomorphology Physiographically, the area can be divided into two parts, Anticlinal Hill Ranges and Synclinal flat-bottomed valleys. The major hill ranges are Jampui, Sakhantlang and Longtarai. The trend of the hill ranges is almost N – S. The height of the hill ranges increases from west to east. The highest elevation being 975 m above MSL at Betlingshib in Jampui hill ranges. The broad synclinal valleys are Dharmanagar valley and Kailashahar valley. All the valleys become narrow and constricted towards south and widens towards north. The master slope of the valleys is towards north. The valleys are gently undulating with intermittent flood plains of rivers and streams. The undulation formed by 10 – 30 m high mounds with gullies in between them, locally called “loonga.” 4 Soils In general, soils of the area are acidic in nature. The pH of soil ranges from 5.50 to 5.64. Nitrogen and phosphate is low, available potash is medium to high, calcium, magnesium and sulfur are deficient in these soils. In the area lateritic soil is found in tilla (hilly / small mounds) area, younger soils or river valley soils are found along all major river courses. Clayey soils are found in paddy fields. Apart from these, sandy loam, clayey loam and loamy soils are also available. 4.0 HYDROGEOLOGY Water Bearing Formations There are three hydrogeological units / water bearing formations found in the district. They are Alluvial formation, Dupitila formation and Tipam formation and are shown in fig.1. The details of the water bearing formations are as follows: (i) Alluvial formation: It occurs along the banks of main rivers and its thickness varies 10 to 15 m.
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