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M,EDICO - CHIRURGICAL TRANSACTIONS, PIUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF It{en LONDON. VOLUME THE THIRTY-FIRST. LONDON: PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS, PATERNOSTER-ROW. 1848. RICtARDIOUERT , AILNTER, GREE.N ARtIlUB CO1URT, OLD IBAILEY, LOqDON. MEDICO - CHIRURGICAI TRANSACTIONS, PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. SECOND SERIES. VOLUME THE THIRTEENTH. LONDON: PRJNTED POR LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN AND LONGMANS, PATERNOSTER-ROW. 1848. RICHARD KINDER, PRINTER, GREEN ARHOUR COURT, OLD BAILEY, LONDON. ROYAL MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. PATRON, THE QUEEN. OFFICERS AND COUNCIL, ELECTED MARCH 1, 1848. PRESIDENT. JAMES MONCRIEFF ARNOTT, F.R.S. rHENRY DAVIES, M.D. JONATHAN M.D., F.R.S. VICE-PRESIDENTS.<V PEREIRA, GEORGE MACILWAIN. LRICHARD PARTRIDGE, F.R.S. { BENJAMIN GUY BABINGTON, M.D., F.R.S. TREASURERS. BENJAMIN PHILLIPS, F.R.S. f WILLIAM BALY, M.D., F.R.S. SECRETARIES. FRED. LE GROS CLARK. { JOHN HENNEN, M.D. LIBRARIANS. l_RICHARD QUAIN, F.R.S. JAMES ALDERSON, M.D., F.R.S. THOMAS MAYO, M.D., F.R.S. ROBERT NAIRNE, M.D. WILLIAM SHARPEY, M.D., F.R.S. OTHER MEMBERS LEONARD STEWART, M.D. OF THE COUNCIL. HENRY ANCELL RICHARD BLAGDEN. GEORGE BUSK. JOHN DALRYMPLE. JAMES PAGET. TRUSTEES OF THE SOCIETY. JAMES M. ARNOTT, F.R.S. JOHN CLENDINNING, M.D., F.R.S. EDWARD STANLEY, F.R.S. a2 FELLOWS OF THE SOCIETY APPOINTED BY THE COUNCIL AS REFEREES OF PAPERS, FOR THE SESSION OF 1847-8. BABINGTON, BENJAMIN G., M.D., F.R.S. BOWMAN, WILLIAM, F.RIS. BUDD, GEORGE, M.D., F.R.S. -
The Life and Teaching of William Sharpey (1802-1880) 'Father of Modern Physiology' in Britain
THE LIFE AND TEACHING OF WILLIAM SHARPEY (1802-1880) 'FATHER OF MODERN PHYSIOLOGY' IN BRITAIN by D. W. TAYLOR PART I I. INTRODUCTION THE TITLE-PHRASE was used by E. A. Schifer,1 one of Sharpey's latest and most distinguished pupils, who throughout his life acknowledged his debt to his old teacher and who eventually added the name of Sharpey to his own.2 Such a phrase may be historically suspect but it represents an opinion subscribed to by many others, not only his pupils and colleagues. Burdon Sanderson, who succeeded him, wrote: 'If I, or any of the men I have mentioned, were asked to what circumstances the un- questionable productiveness of the University College School in scientific men is due, all would I think unhesitatingly attribute it to the influence of one man, Dr. Sharpey.'3 Much later, A. V. Hill said of him: 'by Sharpey's example, other medical schools were encouraged to start proper laboratories and adequate instruction in Physiology . to his fine judgement of men and to his power of inspiring them to original work, the present high position of British Physiology is due . .'.4 The British Medical Journal in its obituary notice, stated that 'for years he was the greatest teacher of anatomy and physiology in the country, occupying a position here equal to that held by Johannes Miiller in Germany.'" In his History of the Physiological Society, Schiifer (by then, Sir Edward Sharpey-Schafer) wrote that during a period when other experimental sciences were rapidly progressing, Physiology in this country could show no names worthy to be mentioned with those of Magendie, Bernard, MUller, Helmholtz or Ludwig... -
BY SIR EDWARD SHARPEY-SCHAFER, F.R.S. Other
HISTORY OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY, I876-I926 BY SIR EDWARD SHARPEY-SCHAFER, F.R.S. (Professor of Physiology in the University of Edinburgh.) IN the middle part of the nineteenth century Great Britain was far behind France and Germany in the development of Physiology. We had no pure physiologists and it was considered that any surgeon or physician was competent to teach the science. Indeed, long after this, the subject was in many medical schools left in the hands of a member of the hospital staff, usually a young man, who carried on clinical teaching as well. Hence, during a period of time when other experimental sciences were rapidly progressing, Physiology in this country could show no names worthy to be mentioned with those of Magendie, Bernard, Muller, Helmholtz, or Ludwig, to mention but a few of the brilliant physiologists of France and Germany. In one place only- University College, London-was a lamp kept burning; the lamp was that of William Sharpey. Although Sharpey had received a purely anatomical training, he had manifested his physiological leaning by his investigations regarding the action of cilia, and he early familiarised himself with the microscopic appearances of, and changes in, living cells, as well as with the structure of animal tissues. This led to his having a wider outlook than that of the pure anatomist of that day, and it was a happy event for the future of Physiology in England that Sharpey was invited to occupy the newly instituted chair of General Anatomy and Physiology at University College, London, in 1836. -
The Life and Teaching of William Sharpey (1802-1880) 'Father of Modern Physiology' in Britain
THE LIFE AND TEACHING OF WILLIAM SHARPEY (1802-1880) 'FATHER OF MODERN PHYSIOLOGY' IN BRITAIN by D. W. TAYLOR PART I I. INTRODUCTION THE TITLE-PHRASE was used by E. A. Schifer,1 one of Sharpey's latest and most distinguished pupils, who throughout his life acknowledged his debt to his old teacher and who eventually added the name of Sharpey to his own.2 Such a phrase may be historically suspect but it represents an opinion subscribed to by many others, not only his pupils and colleagues. Burdon Sanderson, who succeeded him, wrote: 'If I, or any of the men I have mentioned, were asked to what circumstances the un- questionable productiveness of the University College School in scientific men is due, all would I think unhesitatingly attribute it to the influence of one man, Dr. Sharpey.'3 Much later, A. V. Hill said of him: 'by Sharpey's example, other medical schools were encouraged to start proper laboratories and adequate instruction in Physiology . to his fine judgement of men and to his power of inspiring them to original work, the present high position of British Physiology is due . .'.4 The British Medical Journal in its obituary notice, stated that 'for years he was the greatest teacher of anatomy and physiology in the country, occupying a position here equal to that held by Johannes Miiller in Germany.'" In his History of the Physiological Society, Schiifer (by then, Sir Edward Sharpey-Schafer) wrote that during a period when other experimental sciences were rapidly progressing, Physiology in this country could show no names worthy to be mentioned with those of Magendie, Bernard, MUller, Helmholtz or Ludwig... -
Cell and Developmental Biology at UCL: a History
Cell and Developmental Biology at UCL: A History CDB has a long and illustrious pedigree which is captured in this series of pieces, written by long standing members of the department. These archive essays provide fascinating routes into CDB’s story, including testimonials from those that shaped that history. For those interested in CDB’s research portfolio, what follows places today’s work in its proper context. For members of the department it’s a fascinating primer on the pioneers whose work we proudly build on today. Ed Whitfield, CDB, 2016 1. The early history of anatomy and anthropology in and around UCL By Prof. Christopher Dean The first professor of anatomy at UCL, Charles Bell was born in 1774 and came to London from Edinburgh in 1804. His mother was keen that he learned to draw and paint and she taught him to do so herself. His brother taught him anatomy and surgery at his medical school in Edinburgh. He established his reputation with his first book 'The anatomy of expression' in 1806, but his greatest work was undoubtedly the 'elucidation of the distinct structure and function of the nervous system'. In particular, (c.1820) he identified the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal cord as having different functions (although at the same time Magendie also demonstrated experimentally that they were sensory and motor respectively - hence the 'Bell-Megandie Law'). Charles Bell was elected surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital in 1812 for a short period before being appointed to the UCL chair of anatomy. However, he was 1 critical and intolerant of the wrangling at UCL over a number of matters and resigned almost as soon as he had been appointed in 1830. -
Meidico-CHIRURGICAL
MEiDICO- CHIRURGICAL T RANSACTIONS, PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY or LONDON. VOLUME THE TWENTY-NINTH. LQNDON: PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS, PATERNOSTER-ROW. 1846. Downloaded from jrs.sagepub.com at GEORGETOWN UNIV LIBRARY on June 11, 2016 MEDICO- CHIRURGICAL TRANSACTIONS, PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY oF LONDON. SECOND SERIES. VOLUME THE ELEVENTH. LONDON: PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS, PATERNOSTERwROW. 1846. Downloaded from jrs.sagepub.com at GEORGETOWN UNIV LIBRARY on June 11, 2016 tNCHARD KINDER, PRINTEK, GREEN ARBOUR COURT, OLD BAILET. Downloaded from jrs.sagepub.com at GEORGETOWN UNIV LIBRARY on June 11, 2016 ROYAL MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. PATRON, THE QUEEN. OFFICERS AND COUNCIL, ELECTED MARCH 1, 1846. PRESIDENT. WILLIAM F. CHAMBERS, K.C.H., M.D., F.R.S. FB. G. BABINGTON, M.D., F.R.S. THOMAS WATSON, M.D. VICE-PREIDENTS.1 ROBERT LISTON, F.R.S. J. G. PERRY. BURROWS, M.D. T RGEORGE TREASURERS. 1MARTIN WARE. f GEORGE CURSHAM, M.D. SECRETARIES. 1 T. B. CURLING. { R. B. TODD, M.D., F.R.S. LIBRARIANS. RICHARD QUAIN, F.R.S. GEORGE BUDD, M.D., F.R.S. WILLIAM BALY, M.D. PETER N. KINGSTON, M.D. J. FORBES ROYLE, M.D., F.R.S. JAMES ARTHUR OTHER MEMBERS J WILSON, M.D. OF THE COUNCIL. JAMES M. ARNOTT, F.R.S. ROBERT DUNN. CHARLES HAWKINS. EDWARD STANLEY, F.R.S. SAMUEL SOLLY, F.R.S. TRUSTEES OF THE SOCIETY. JAMES M. ARNOTTr, F.R.S. JOHN CLENDINNING, M.D., F.R.S. -
The Life and Teaching of William Sharpey (1802-1880) 'Father of Modern Physiology' in Britain
THE LIFE AND TEACHING OF WILLIAM SHARPEY (1802-1880) 'FATHER OF MODERN PHYSIOLOGY' IN BRITAIN by D. W. TAYLOR PART II VI. SHARPEY AND THE ROYAL SOCIETY For forty years, William Sharpey exercised great power and influence in the London medical and scientific world.153 As early as 1840 he was elected to a term of office as Dean of the Medical Faculty in University College. He had become F.R.S. in 1839, and in 1844-45 was elected to the Council of the Royal Society. In 1853 he was appointed a Secretary, and for almost all his long tenure of that post (until 1872) he was in fact the senior Secretary, Stokes being appointed in 1854. As Secretary, he became ex-officio a member of the Royal Society Club, 'one of the most genial and attractive members the club ever possessed', and in 1862 he became its Treasurer.154 He was an original member of the Philosophical Club, which was formed in April 1847, of forty-seven members of the Royal Society, as a dining club with the aims of keeping alive the enthusiasm behind the Society's reforms of that year, and of increasing the influence of science in Britain.155 Later in his career he served on the General Medical Council and on the Royal Commission on Scientific Education, and played an important part at the time of the anti-vivisection legislation in 1876. I have been able to examine nearly four hundred letters that pertain to Sharpey's period as Secretary of the Royal Society. -
The Life and Teaching of William Sharpey (1802-1880) 'Father of Modern Physiology' in Britain
THE LIFE AND TEACHING OF WILLIAM SHARPEY (1802-1880) 'FATHER OF MODERN PHYSIOLOGY' IN BRITAIN by D. W. TAYLOR PART I I. INTRODUCTION THE TITLE-PHRASE was used by E. A. Schifer,1 one of Sharpey's latest and most distinguished pupils, who throughout his life acknowledged his debt to his old teacher and who eventually added the name of Sharpey to his own.2 Such a phrase may be historically suspect but it represents an opinion subscribed to by many others, not only his pupils and colleagues. Burdon Sanderson, who succeeded him, wrote: 'If I, or any of the men I have mentioned, were asked to what circumstances the un- questionable productiveness of the University College School in scientific men is due, all would I think unhesitatingly attribute it to the influence of one man, Dr. Sharpey.'3 Much later, A. V. Hill said of him: 'by Sharpey's example, other medical schools were encouraged to start proper laboratories and adequate instruction in Physiology . to his fine judgement of men and to his power of inspiring them to original work, the present high position of British Physiology is due . .'.4 The British Medical Journal in its obituary notice, stated that 'for years he was the greatest teacher of anatomy and physiology in the country, occupying a position here equal to that held by Johannes Miiller in Germany.'" In his History of the Physiological Society, Schiifer (by then, Sir Edward Sharpey-Schafer) wrote that during a period when other experimental sciences were rapidly progressing, Physiology in this country could show no names worthy to be mentioned with those of Magendie, Bernard, MUller, Helmholtz or Ludwig... -
WILLIAM SHARPEY (1802-1880)* by JOHN C
WILLIAM SHARPEY (1802-1880)* By JOHN C. BROUGHER, A.B. PORTLAND, OREGON N England during the eighteenth cen- trie juice. These discoveries and contri- tury physiology was taught by the butions were made, for the most part, in anatomist, aided by the surgeon in the latter part of the eighteenth century the hospital. Experimental physiology and the first quarter of the nineteenth. with laboratory equipment for teaching They indicate that an understanding of Ihad not yet come into existence. The body function was edging its way to recog- status was even less encouraging in France nition as a science. and Germany. Italy led the way in the One of the first men to turn his attention medical sciences still, and the work of to physiology, in the sense of it being a her brilliant philosophers continued to be separate science and deserving of a labora- the vanguard for the whole world, as the tory, was William Sharpey. He was born in names of Volta, Galvani, Spallanzani, the little seacoast town of Arbroath, in Scarpa and Morgagni bear witness. Several eastern Scotland, April 1, 1802. His father outstanding contributions to physiology was a ship owner, and a native of Folke- were made by men without physiological stone in Kent, having emigrated to laboratories, and primarily interested in Arbroath a few years previously. He died other fields of science: Lavoisier in 1777 before William was born, and the boy came described the exchange of gases in res- under the influence of Dr. Arrott. The latter piration; Galvani published his essay on married Mrs.