Marine Weather Forecasting
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
International Agencies O World Meteorological Organization (Https
International Agencies o World Meteorological Organization (https://www.wmo.int/pages/index_en.html) o WMO Regional Climate Centers (http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/wcasp/rcc/rcc.php) o World Air Quality Index (http://waqi.info) o International Research Institute for Climate and Society (https://iri.columbia.edu/) o Climate Research Institute (http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk) o Australia Bureau of Meteorology (http://www.bom.gov.au) o Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Studies (http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu) U.S. Agencies National Centers for Environmental prediction (https://www.ncep.noaa.gov) o Aviation Weather Center (https://aviationweather.gov o Climate Prediction Center (http://www.cpc.noaa.gov) o Environmental Modeling Center (http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov) o National Hurricane Center (www.nhc.noaa.gov) o Ocean Prediction Center (http://www.opc.ncep.noaa.gov) o Space Weather Prediction Center (https://www.swpc.noaa.gov) o Storm Prediction Center (www.spc.noaa.gov) o Weather Prediction Center (www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (https://noaa.gov) National Centers for Environmental Prediction (https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov) Formerly National Geophysical Data Center and National Climate Data Center National Severe Storms Laboratory (http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/) National Snow and Ice Data Center (http://nsidc.org/) National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center (www.nohrsc.noaa.gov) National Drought Mitigation Center (https://drought.unl.edu/) National Environmental Satellite, Data, & Information Service -
Worldwide Marine Radiofacsimile Broadcast Schedules
WORLDWIDE MARINE RADIOFACSIMILE BROADCAST SCHEDULES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL OCEANIC and ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE January 14, 2021 INTRODUCTION Ships....The U.S. Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) program needs your help! If your ship is not participating in this worthwhile international program, we urge you to join. Remember, the meteorological agencies that do the weather forecasting cannot help you without input from you. ONLY YOU KNOW THE WEATHER AT YOUR POSITION!! Please report the weather at 0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 UTC as explained in the National Weather Service Observing Handbook No. 1 for Marine Surface Weather Observations. Within 300 nm of a named hurricane, typhoon or tropical storm, or within 200 nm of U.S. or Canadian waters, also report the weather at 0300, 0900, 1500, and 2100 UTC. Your participation is greatly appreciated by all mariners. For assistance, contact a Port Meteorological Officer (PMO), who will come aboard your vessel and provide all the information you need to observe, code and transmit weather observations. This publication is made available via the Internet at: https://weather.gov/marine/media/rfax.pdf The following webpage contains information on the dissemination of U.S. National Weather Service marine products including radiofax, such as frequency and scheduling information as well as links to products. A listing of other recommended webpages may be found in the Appendix. https://weather.gov/marine This PDF file contains links to http pages and FTPMAIL commands. The links may not be compatible with all PDF readers and e-mail systems. The Internet is not part of the National Weather Service's operational data stream and should never be relied upon as a means to obtain the latest forecast and warning data. -
NWS Unified Surface Analysis Manual
Unified Surface Analysis Manual Weather Prediction Center Ocean Prediction Center National Hurricane Center Honolulu Forecast Office November 21, 2013 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Surface Analysis – Its History at the Analysis Centers…………….3 Chapter 2: Datasets available for creation of the Unified Analysis………...…..5 Chapter 3: The Unified Surface Analysis and related features.……….……….19 Chapter 4: Creation/Merging of the Unified Surface Analysis………….……..24 Chapter 5: Bibliography………………………………………………….…….30 Appendix A: Unified Graphics Legend showing Ocean Center symbols.….…33 2 Chapter 1: Surface Analysis – Its History at the Analysis Centers 1. INTRODUCTION Since 1942, surface analyses produced by several different offices within the U.S. Weather Bureau (USWB) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) National Weather Service (NWS) were generally based on the Norwegian Cyclone Model (Bjerknes 1919) over land, and in recent decades, the Shapiro-Keyser Model over the mid-latitudes of the ocean. The graphic below shows a typical evolution according to both models of cyclone development. Conceptual models of cyclone evolution showing lower-tropospheric (e.g., 850-hPa) geopotential height and fronts (top), and lower-tropospheric potential temperature (bottom). (a) Norwegian cyclone model: (I) incipient frontal cyclone, (II) and (III) narrowing warm sector, (IV) occlusion; (b) Shapiro–Keyser cyclone model: (I) incipient frontal cyclone, (II) frontal fracture, (III) frontal T-bone and bent-back front, (IV) frontal T-bone and warm seclusion. Panel (b) is adapted from Shapiro and Keyser (1990) , their FIG. 10.27 ) to enhance the zonal elongation of the cyclone and fronts and to reflect the continued existence of the frontal T-bone in stage IV. -
General Rules for Contour Lines
6/30/2015 EASC111LabEFor Printing LAB E: Topographic Maps (for printing) MAP READING PRELAB: Any type of map is a twodimensional (flat) representation of Earth’s surface. Road maps, surveying maps, topographic maps, geologic maps can all cover the same territory but highlight different features of the area. Consider the following images from the same area in Illinois. Make a list of the types of features that are shown on each type of map. Topographic Maps The light brown lines on the topographic map are called contour lines. A contour line connects points of equal height above sea level, called elevation. For example, a 600’ (six hundred foot) contour line on a map means that every point on that contour line is 600’ above sea level. In order to understand contour lines better, imagine a box with a “mountain” in it with a clear plastic lid on top of the box. Assume the base of the mountain is at sea level. The box is slowly being filled with water. Since water automatically levels itself off, it will touch the “mountain” at the same height all the way around. If we were to peer down into the box from above, we could draw a line on the lid that marks where the water touches the “mountain”. This would be a contour line for that elevation. As the box continues to fill with water, we would draw contour lines at specific intervals, such as 1”. Each time the water level rises one inch, we will draw a line marking where the water touches the land. -
Maps and Charts
Name:______________________________________ Maps and Charts Lab He had bought a large map representing the sea, without the least vestige of land And the crew were much pleased when they found it to be, a map they could all understand - Lewis Carroll, The Hunting of the Snark Map Projections: All maps and charts produce some degree of distortion when transferring the Earth's spherical surface to a flat piece of paper or computer screen. The ways that we deal with this distortion give us various types of map projections. Depending on the type of projection used, there may be distortion of distance, direction, shape and/or area. One type of projection may distort distances but correctly maintain directions, whereas another type may distort shape but maintain correct area. The type of information we need from a map determines which type of projection we might use. Below are two common projections among the many that exist. Can you tell what sort of distortion occurs with each projection? 1 Map Locations The latitude-longitude system is the standard system that we use to locate places on the Earth’s surface. The system uses a grid of intersecting east-west (latitude) and north-south (longitude) lines. Any point on Earth can be identified by the intersection of a line of latitude and a line of longitude. Lines of latitude: • also called “parallels” • equator = 0° latitude • increase N and S of the equator • range 0° to 90°N or 90°S Lines of longitude: • also called “meridians” • Prime Meridian = 0° longitude • increase E and W of the P.M. -
'Service Assessment': Hurricane Isabel September 18-19, 2003
Service Assessment Hurricane Isabel September 18-19, 2003 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service Silver Spring, Maryland Cover: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Rapid Response Team imagery, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 1555 UTC September 18, 2003. Service Assessment Hurricane Isabel September 18-19, 2003 May 2004 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Donald L. Evans, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Vice Admiral Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr., U.S. Navy (retired), Administrator National Weather Service Brigadier General David L. Johnson, U.S. Air Force (Retired), Assistant Administrator Preface The hurricane is one of the most potentially devastating natural forces. The potential for disaster increases as more people move to coastlines and barrier islands. To meet the mission of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS) - provide weather, hydrologic, and climatic forecasts and warnings for the protection of life and property, enhancement of the national economy, and provide a national weather information database - the NWS has implemented an aggressive hurricane preparedness program. Hurricane Isabel made landfall in eastern North Carolina around midday Thursday, September 18, 2003, as a Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale (Appendix A). Although damage estimates are still being tabulated as of this writing, Isabel is considered one of the most significant tropical cyclones to affect northeast North Carolina, east central Virginia, and the Chesapeake and Potomac regions since Hurricane Hazel in 1954 and the Chesapeake-Potomac Hurricane of 1933. Hurricane Isabel will be remembered not for its intensity, but for its size and the impact it had on the residents of one of the most populated regions of the United States. -
Mariner's Guide for Hurricane Awareness
Mariner’s Guide For Hurricane Awareness In The North Atlantic Basin Eric J. Holweg [email protected] Meteorologist Tropical Analysis and Forecast Branch Tropical Prediction Center National Weather Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration August 2000 Internet Sites with Weather and Communications Information Of Interest To The Mariner NOAA home page: http://www.noaa.gov NWS home page: http://www.nws.noaa.gov NWS marine dissemination page: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/marine/home.htm NWS marine text products: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/marine/forecast.htm NWS radio facsmile/marine charts: http://weather.noaa.gov/fax/marine.shtml NWS publications: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/nwspub.htm NOAA Data Buoy Center: http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov NOAA Weather Radio: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr National Ocean Service (NOS): http://co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/ NOS Tide data: http://tidesonline.nos.noaa.gov/ USCG Navigation Center: http://www.navcen.uscg.mil Tropical Prediction Center: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ High Seas Forecasts and Charts: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/forecast.html Marine Prediction Center: http://www.mpc.ncep.noaa.gov SST & Gulfstream: http://www4.nlmoc.navy.mil/data/oceans/gulfstream.html Hurricane Preparedness & Tracks: http://www.fema.gov/fema/trop.htm Time Zone Conversions: http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/zones.html Table of Contents Introduction and Purpose ................................................................................................................... 1 Disclaimer ........................................................................................................................................... -
Mariners Weather Log Vol
Mariners Weather Log Vol. 43, No. 3 December 1999 Double eyewall structure of hurricane Gilbert on September 14, 1988, near Cozumel Island, Yucatan. The devastating peak wind and rainfall occurs in the hurricane eyewalls. The moat is an area of lesser wind and rainfall between the two eyewalls. Superimposed on the radar picture is the aircrafts track and wind at about 2600 meters (8500 feet) (wind barbs and flags in knots). See article on page 4. Mariners Weather Log Mariners Weather Log From the Editorial Supervisor This issue features a fascinating interview with Dr. Hugh Willoughby, head of the Hurricane Research Division of NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories, on concentric (double) hurricane eyewalls. Hurricane eyewalls are the nearly circular ring of thunder- storm-like cloud towers surrounding the often clear, nearly U.S. Department of Commerce calm center or eye of the storm. The eyewalls contain the William M. Daley, Secretary devastating peak wind and rainfall of the hurricane and can extend up to 10 miles high in the atmosphere. While most National Oceanic and hurricanes have a single eyewall, many major category 3 or Atmospheric Administration stronger hurricanes (50 % or more) develop the double eye Dr. D. James Baker, Administrator wall structure.The double structure usually lasts a day or two, with the inner wall eventually dissipating as the outer National Weather Service wall contracts in to become the new single eyewall (going John J. Kelly, Jr., Assistant Administrator for Weather Services through an entire eyewall replacement). See the article for details. National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service This issue also contains the AMVER rescue report for Robert S. -
To Marine Meteorological Services
WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION Guide to Marine Meteorological Services Third edition PLEASE NOTE THAT THIS PUBLICATION IS GOING TO BE UPDATED BY END OF 2010. WMO-No. 471 Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization - Geneva - Switzerland 2001 © 2001, World Meteorological Organization ISBN 92-63-13471-5 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. TABLE FOR NOTING SUPPLEMENTS RECEIVED Supplement Dated Inserted in the publication No. by date 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 CONTENTS Page FOREWORD................................................................................................................................................. ix INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1 — MARINE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES ........................................................... 1-1 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Requirements for marine meteorological information....................................................................... 1-1 1.2.1 -
Topographic Maps Fields
Topographic Maps Fields • Field - any region of space that has some measurable value at every point. • Ex: temperature, air pressure, elevation, wind speed Isolines • Isolines- lines on a map that connect points of equal field value • Isotherms- lines of equal temperature • Isobars- lines of equal air pressure • Contour lines- lines of equal elevation Draw the isolines! (connect points of equal values) Isolines Drawn in Red Isotherm Map Isobar Map Topographic Maps • Topographic map (contour map)- shows the elevation field using contour lines • Elevation - the vertical height above & below sea level Why use sea level as a reference point? Topographic Maps Reading Contour lines Contour interval- the difference in elevation between consecutive contour lines Subtract the difference in value of two nearby contour lines and divide by the number of spaces between the contour lines Elevation – Elevation # spaces between 800- 700 =?? 5 Contour Interval = ??? Rules of Contour Lines • Never intersect, branch or cross • Always close on themselves (making circle) or go off the edge of the map • When crossing a stream, form V’s that point uphill (opposite to water flow) • Concentric circles mean the elevation is increasing toward the top of a hill, unless there are hachures showing a depression • Index contour- thicker, bolder contour lines on contour maps, usually every 5 th line • Benchmark - BMX or X shows where a metal marker is in the ground and labeled with an exact elevation ‘Hills’ & ‘Holes’ A depression on a contour map is shown by contour lines with small marks pointing toward the lowest point of the depression. The first contour line with the depression marks (hachures) and the contour line outside it have the same elevation. -
Regional Science Centers and Related Labs and Field Stations
NOAA’s National Weather Service (NWS) In Your Neighborhood Facilities National Support and Specialized Centers Alaska Aviation Weather Unit (AAWU) – Anchorage, AK AAWU provides en-route aviation weather forecasts and warnings for all of Alaska. The Unit also includes the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center for the North Pacific, which provides worldwide warnings and advisories to aviation interests regarding volcanic ash hazards. Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) – Honolulu, HI CPHC issues tropical cyclone warnings, watches, advisories, discussions, and statements for all tropical cyclones in the Central Pacific. Hydrologic Information Center (HIC) – Silver Spring, MD HIC provides real-time updates of current hydrologic conditions, flood watches & warnings, river forecasts, droughts, and related information. NOAA’s Office of Legislative Affairs Tel: 202-482-4981 http://www.legislative.noaa.gov March 2008 1 Hydrologic Research Laboratory (HRL) – Silver Spring, MD HRL conducts studies, investigations and analyses leading to the application of new scientific and computer technologies for hydrologic forecasting and related water resources problems. National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) – Camp Springs, MD NCEP gives overarching management to nine centers, which include the: • Aviation Weather Center (AWC) – Kansas City, MO: The AWC provides aviation warnings and forecasts of hazardous flight conditions at all levels within domestic and international air space. • Climate Prediction Center (CPC) – Camp Springs, MD: The CPC monitors and forecasts short-term climate fluctuations and provides information on the effects climate patterns can have on the nation. • Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) - Camp Springs, MD: The EMC develops and improves numerical weather, climate, hydrological and ocean prediction through a broad program in partnership with the research community. -
Gradual Generalization of Nautical Chart Contours with a B-Spline Snake Method
GRADUAL GENERALIZATION OF NAUTICAL CHART CONTOURS WITH A B-SPLINE SNAKE METHOD BY DANDAN MIAO BS in Geographic Information Systems, Wuhan University, 2009 THESIS Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Ocean Engineering September, 2014 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED © 2014 Dandan Miao This thesis has been examined and approved. Dr. Brian Calder, Associate Research Professor of Ocean Engineering Dr. Kurt Schwehr Affiliate Associate Professor of Ocean Engineering Dr. Steve Wineberg Lecturer, Mathematics and Statistics Date v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was sponsored by NOAA grant NA10NOS400007, and supported by the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping. Professor Larry Mayer introduced me to the world of Ocean Mapping, and taught me new information about geological oceanography; Professor Brian Calder initiated this study and has always been able to selflessly help me with any questions; Professor Steven Wineberg gave me many insights of how to transfer math concepts to graphic behavior; Professor Kurt Schwehr helped me with many intelligent thoughts and suggestion about computer programming implementation. I am grateful for all their selfless help and patience, and I would like to thank all of them for their guidance, encouragement and proof-reading of this thesis: without them and CCOM’s support, this work would not have happened. Finally, I would like to thank my parents and friends, for encouragement and trust. Your love and faith gave me the strength to keep holding on and finally make it work! Love you all! With greatest thankfulness, Dandan Miao vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................