Välkommen Till Lagos En Semantisk Översättning Från Engelska Till Svenska

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Välkommen Till Lagos En Semantisk Översättning Från Engelska Till Svenska Välkommen till Lagos En semantisk översättning från engelska till svenska Isabel Valencia Tolk- och översättarinstitutet Magisteruppsats 15 hp Vårterminen 2020 Handledare: Yvonne Lindqvist Språkgranskare: Louise Ratford Examinator: Cecilia Wadensjö English title: Welcome to Lagos. A Semantic Translation from English to Swedish Ett varmt tack till Annika Eller Emma Lyngedal Erik Falk Hiltrud Awad Stephen Haughey För att ni har gett av er tid och er kunskap. Jag har inte skrivit den här uppsatsen ensam, utan med er ovärderliga hjälp. Hanna Hagström Therése Liberman För alla skratt och tårar vi delat. Ni har gjort det här läsåret till en riktigt minnesvärd tid. 2 Välkommen till Lagos En semantisk översättning från engelska till svenska Isabel Valencia Sammanfattning Postkolonial teori har skiftat intresset från västerländska diskurser till frågor som ideologi, ojämlika maktförhållanden och etik. I samband med översättningsvetenskapens kulturella vändning på 1980-talet, började översättningsvetare ifrågasätta översättningsstrategier som antingen assimilerar (domesticering) eller stereotypiserar (exotisering) källkulturen. Newmark (1981) föreslår en semantisk, källtextorienterad översättningsprincip och menar att så länge den åstadkommer en likvärdig effekt, är en ordagrann översättning inte bara den föredragna, utan den enda godtagbara översättningsmetoden. Denna uppsats är en kommentar till min egen översättning av de första 17 kapitlen i romanen Welcome to Lagos, skriven av den nigerianska författaren Chibundu Onuzo. Källtexten har översatts med hjälp av en semantisk översättningsstrategi. Kommentaren fokuserar på tre aspekter som krävde särskild uppmärksamhet under översättningsarbetet, eftersom de utgör betydande utmaningar för semantiska överföringssätt: kulturspecifika begrepp, stilfigurer och talspråksmarkörer. I kommentaren framförs att den semantiska översättningsstrategin fungerade bra på den övergripande textnivån; även om specifika översättningsproblem ibland fick angripas med ett mer kommunikativt förhållningssätt för att åstadkomma en idiomatisk måltext med likvärdig effekt i målkulturen. Nyckelord Översättningsvetenskap, semantisk översättningsstrategi, afrikansk litteratur, postkolonial översättningsteori, översättning av kulturspecifika begrepp, översättning av stilfigurer, översättning av talspråksmarkörer, nigeriansk pidgin Abstract Postcolonial Studies shifted the interest from Western discourses to issues of ideology, power inequality, and ethics. As a consequence of the cultural turn in translation studies in the 1980s, scholars started questioning translation strategies that either assimilate (domestication) or stereotype (exoticization) the source culture. Proposing a semantic, source-text oriented translation principle, Newmark (1981) argues that as long as an equivalent effect can be achieved, literal translation is not just the preferred, but the only acceptable procedure. This paper comments on my own translation of the first 17 chapters of the novel Welcome to Lagos, written by Nigerian writer Chibundu Onuzo. The source text was translated using a semantic translation strategy. The commentary focuses on three key aspects that demanded particular attention during the translation process, due to the fact that they present significant challenges to semantic transfer methods: culture-specific items, stylistic devices, and spoken language markers. As the commentary suggests, the semantic translation strategy worked well on the global text level; occasionally, however, specific translation problems had to be dealt with using a more communicative approach in order to produce an idiomatic target text with an equivalent effect in the target culture. Keywords Translation Studies, semantic translation strategy, African literature, postcolonial translation theory, translation of culture-specific items, translation of stylistic devices, translation of spoken language markers, Nigerian pidgin 3 Innehåll 1 Inledning.................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Avgränsning ............................................................................................................................. 6 1.2 Disposition ............................................................................................................................... 6 2 Presentation av källtext och författare ....................................................................... 7 2.1 Presentation av källtexten och författaren ............................................................................. 7 2.2 Sammanfattning av källtextens handling ................................................................................ 7 3 Förutsättningar för översättningen ............................................................................ 8 3.1 Teoretisk bakgrund .................................................................................................................. 8 3.1.1 Käll- och målspråksorienterade förhållningssätt ............................................................. 8 3.1.2 Översättning ur ett postkolonialt perspektiv ................................................................ 10 3.1.3 Översättning av kulturspecifika begrepp ...................................................................... 12 3.1.4 Översättning av talspråksmarkörer ............................................................................... 15 3.1.5 Översättning av stilfigurer ............................................................................................. 17 3.2 Måltextens kontext, syfte och målgrupp .............................................................................. 19 3.3 Stilstudie av källtexten .......................................................................................................... 19 3.3.1 Metod ............................................................................................................................ 19 3.3.2 Presentation av materialet ............................................................................................ 20 3.3.3 Källtextens kontext ........................................................................................................ 20 3.3.4 Talspråksmarkörer ......................................................................................................... 23 3.3.5 Stilfigurer ....................................................................................................................... 25 3.3.6 Sammanfattning av källtextens kännetecknande drag ................................................. 26 4 Vald översättningsprincip ......................................................................................... 27 4.1 Översättningsstrategi ............................................................................................................ 27 4.2 Översättningsprocedurer ...................................................................................................... 28 5 Översättning: käll- och måltext ................................................................................ 29 6 Översättningskommentar ........................................................................................ 29 6.1 Kulturspecifika begrepp......................................................................................................... 29 6.2 Talspråksmarkörer ................................................................................................................. 33 6.2.1 Dialog på pidginengelska ............................................................................................... 35 6.2.2 Dialog på amerikansk engelska ..................................................................................... 42 6.3 Stilfigurer ............................................................................................................................... 44 7 Slutkommentar ........................................................................................................ 47 Referenser ...................................................................................................................... 49 Källtext ............................................................................................................................................... 49 4 Källförteckning ................................................................................................................................... 49 Bilagor ............................................................................................................................ 51 1 Källtext och måltext ............................................................................................................... 51 2 Talspråksmarkörer ................................................................................................................. 51 5 1 Inledning Den kulturella vändningen inom översättningsvetenskapen utvidgade gränserna för översättningsforskningen från renodlat lingvistiska till sociokulturella frågor (Bendegard 2014:36–37). Postkolonial översättningsteori har dragit uppmärksamhet till de etiska dimensionerna av främmandegörande respektive domesticerande översättningsstrategier, och problematiserat översättningar som antingen exotiserar eller assimilerar källkulturen. Den visar att översättning många gånger innebär en intensiv manipulering och förenkling som gestaltar det främmande i en form som är acceptabel för målkulturen (Bassnett 2013:349–350).
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