A New Method for Sampling Plant‐Inhabiting Arthropod Communities
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES and PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS of SHRUB EXPANSION in WESTERN ALASKA by Molly Tankersley Mcdermott, B.A./B.S
Arthropod communities and passerine diet: effects of shrub expansion in Western Alaska Item Type Thesis Authors McDermott, Molly Tankersley Download date 26/09/2021 06:13:39 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/7893 ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES AND PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS OF SHRUB EXPANSION IN WESTERN ALASKA By Molly Tankersley McDermott, B.A./B.S. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks August 2017 APPROVED: Pat Doak, Committee Chair Greg Breed, Committee Member Colleen Handel, Committee Member Christa Mulder, Committee Member Kris Hundertmark, Chair Department o f Biology and Wildlife Paul Layer, Dean College o f Natural Science and Mathematics Michael Castellini, Dean of the Graduate School ABSTRACT Across the Arctic, taller woody shrubs, particularly willow (Salix spp.), birch (Betula spp.), and alder (Alnus spp.), have been expanding rapidly onto tundra. Changes in vegetation structure can alter the physical habitat structure, thermal environment, and food available to arthropods, which play an important role in the structure and functioning of Arctic ecosystems. Not only do they provide key ecosystem services such as pollination and nutrient cycling, they are an essential food source for migratory birds. In this study I examined the relationships between the abundance, diversity, and community composition of arthropods and the height and cover of several shrub species across a tundra-shrub gradient in northwestern Alaska. To characterize nestling diet of common passerines that occupy this gradient, I used next-generation sequencing of fecal matter. Willow cover was strongly and consistently associated with abundance and biomass of arthropods and significant shifts in arthropod community composition and diversity. -
Unexpected Diversity in Neelipleona Revealed by Molecular Phylogeny Approach (Hexapoda, Collembola)
S O I L O R G A N I S M S Volume 83 (3) 2011 pp. 383–398 ISSN: 1864-6417 Unexpected diversity in Neelipleona revealed by molecular phylogeny approach (Hexapoda, Collembola) Clément Schneider1, 3, Corinne Cruaud2 and Cyrille A. D’Haese1 1 UMR7205 CNRS, Département Systématique et Évolution, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP50 Entomology, 45 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France 2 Genoscope, Centre National de Sequençage, 2 rue G. Crémieux, CP5706, 91057 Evry cedex, France 3 Corresponding author: Clément Schneider (email: [email protected]) Abstract Neelipleona are the smallest of the four Collembola orders in term of species number with 35 species described worldwide (out of around 8000 known Collembola). Despite this apparent poor diversity, Neelipleona have a worldwide repartition. The fact that the most commonly observed species, Neelus murinus Folsom, 1896 and Megalothorax minimus Willem, 1900, display cosmopolitan repartition is striking. A cladistic analysis based on 16S rDNA, COX1 and 28S rDNA D1 and D2 regions, for a broad collembolan sampling was performed. This analysis included 24 representatives of the Neelipleona genera Neelus Folsom, 1896 and Megalothorax Willem, 1900 from various regions. The interpretation of the phylogenetic pattern and number of transformations (branch length) indicates that Neelipleona are more diverse than previously thought, with probably many species yet to be discovered. These results buttress the rank of Neelipleona as a whole order instead of a Symphypleona family. Keywords: Collembola, Neelidae, Megalothorax, Neelus, COX1, 16S, 28S 1. Introduction 1.1. Brief history of Neelipleona classification The Neelidae family was established by Folsom (1896), who described Neelus murinus from Cambridge (USA). -
(Formicidae) Based on Morphology and DNA Sequence Data
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31 (2004) 880–893 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Phylogeny of ants (Formicidae) based on morphology and DNA sequence data C. Astruc,a,b J.F. Julien,b C. Errard,a and A. Lenoira,* a IRBI Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, CNRS UMR 6035, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, 37200 Tours, France b Centre de Genetique Moleculaire—C.N.R.S, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse. 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France Received 11 December 2002; revised 8 October 2003 Abstract In order to reconstruct antsÕ phylogeny, we analysed DNA sequences for two nuclear genes, abdominal-A and Ultrabithorax, from 49 species of ants and two outgroups. As these genes control the development of the first segments of the abdomen in insects, which are very variable in ants (petiole, postpetiole, and gaster constriction), we hypothesized that the morphological variations between the subfamilies may be correlated with mutations of some abd-A or Ubx regions. Contrarily to our hypothesis, these se- quences are highly conserved. The differences observed concern mainly third codon positions and present some saturation. Phy- logenetic reconstructions were carried out using the genetic raw sequence data and by combining them with a set of morphological data (Total Evidence). Relations among subfamilies of ants remains poorly resolved with molecular data only, but adding these data to morphological characters confirms and reinforce the topology of Baroni Urbani et al. (1992): a Poneroid complex [Ponerinae, Cerapachyinae, Leptanillinae and army ants], a Formicoid complex [Dolichoderinae, Formicinae] and a Myrmecoid complex [Myrmicinae, Myrmeciinae, Pseudomyrmecinae, Nothomyrmeciinae]. -
Why Are There So Many Exotic Springtails in Australia? a Review
90 (3) · December 2018 pp. 141–156 Why are there so many exotic Springtails in Australia? A review. Penelope Greenslade1, 2 1 Environmental Management, School of School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria 3353, Australia 2 Department of Biology, Australian National University, GPO Box, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia E-mail: [email protected] Received 17 October 2018 | Accepted 23 November 2018 Published online at www.soil-organisms.de 1 December 2018 | Printed version 15 December 2018 DOI 10.25674/y9tz-1d49 Abstract Native invertebrate assemblages in Australia are adversely impacted by invasive exotic plants because they are replaced by exotic, invasive invertebrates. The reasons have remained obscure. The different physical, chemical and biotic characteristics of the novel habitat seem to present hostile conditions for native species. This results in empty niches. It seems the different ecologies of exotic invertebrate species may be better adapted to colonise these novel empty niches than native invertebrates. Native faunas of other southern continents that possess a highly endemic fauna, such as South America, South Africa and New Zealand, may have suffered the same impacts from exotic species but insufficient survey data and unreliable and old taxonomy makes this uncertain. Here I attempt to discover what particular characteristics of these novel habitats are hostile to native invertebrates. I chose the Collembola as a target taxon. They are a suitable group because the Australian collembolan fauna consists of a high percentage of endemic taxa, but also exotic, non-native, species. Most exotic Collembola species in Australia appear to have originated from Europe, where they occur at low densities (Fjellberg 1997, 2007). -
Checklist of Springtails (Collembola) from the Republic of Moldova
Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle © Décembre Vol. LIII pp. 149–160 «Grigore Antipa» 2010 DOI: 10.2478/v10191-010-0011-x CHECKLIST OF SPRINGTAILS (COLLEMBOLA) FROM THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA GALINA BUªMACHIU Abstract. The checklist of Collembola from the Republic of Moldova including 223 species is presented. The list is based on literature sources and personal collecting. Résumé. Ce travail présente la liste des 223 espèces de collemboles de la République de Moldova. Cette liste fut réalisée en utilisant des références littéraires et des collections personnelles. Key words: Collembola, checklist, Republic of Moldova. INTRODUCTION The records on Collembola from the Republic of Moldova started about 50 years ago with the first two species included by Martynova in “The key to insects of the European part of the USSR. Collembola” (1964). Some more information on species diversity of Collembola from the soil of Moldavian vineyards was included in Stegãrescu’s work (1967). During the last twenty years, this group has been studied more systematically, with more than 200 species recorded (Buºmachiu 2001, 2004, 2006 a, b, 2008). Since 2002, eleven species new to science were described from the Republic of Moldova by da Gama & Buºmachiu (2002, 2004); Buºmachiu & Deharveng (2008) and Buºmachiu & Weiner (2008). Until now, the faunistic data on Collembola from the Republic of Moldova have not been summarised in the form of a checklist. The present paper includes the complete list of Collembola from the Republic of Moldova using the modern nomenclature. Totally, 223 species are listed. Some problematic and dubious species, such as Pseudanurida clysmae Jackson, 1927, Onychiurus fimetarius (Linnaeus, 1758) and Orchesella divergens Handschin, 1929 recorded by Stegãrescu (1967) and Pseudosinella wahlgrei Börner, 1907, are not included in the list. -
The Ecology and Feeding Habits of the Arboreal Trap-Jawed Ant Daceton Armigerum
Open Archive TOULOUSE Archive Ouverte (OATAO) OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in : http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/ Eprints ID : 11561 To link to this article : DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0037683 URL : http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037683 To cite this version : Dejean, Alain and Delabie, Jacques Hubert Charles and Corbara, Bruno and Azémar, Frédéric and Groc, Sarah and Orivel, Jérôme and Leponce, Maurice The Ecology and Feeding Habits of the Arboreal Trap-Jawed Ant Daceton armigerum. (2012) PLoS ONE, vol. 7 (n° 5). e37683. ISSN 1932-6203 Any correspondance concerning this service should be sent to the repository administrator: [email protected] The Ecology and Feeding Habits of the Arboreal Trap- Jawed Ant Daceton armigerum Alain Dejean1,2*, Jacques H. C. Delabie3, Bruno Corbara4,5, Fre´deric Aze´mar2,6, Sarah Groc7, Je´roˆ me Orivel1, Maurice Leponce8 1 CNRS, E´cologie des Foreˆts de Guyane (UMR-CNRS 8172), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, France, 2 Universite´ de Toulouse, UPS (Ecolab), Toulouse, France, 3 U.P.A. Laborato´rio de Mirmecologia, Conveˆnio UESC/CEPLAC, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil, 4 CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes, Ge´nome et Environnement (UMR-CNRS 6023), Universite´ Blaise Pascal, Aubie`re, France, 5 Clermont Universite´, Universite´ Blaise Pascal (LMGE), Clermont-Ferrand, France, 6 CNRS, Laboratoire d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (UMR-CNRS 5245), Toulouse, France, 7 Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlaˆndia, Uberlaˆndia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 8 Biological Evaluation Section, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium Abstract Here we show that Daceton armigerum, an arboreal myrmicine ant whose workers are equipped with hypertrophied trap- jaw mandibles, is characterized by a set of unexpected biological traits including colony size, aggressiveness, trophobiosis and hunting behavior. -
Nesting of Arboreal Ants (Hymenoptera
Uniciencia Vol. 35(2), pp. 1-17, July-December, 2021 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ru.35-2.13 www.revistas.una.ac.cr/uniciencia E-ISSN: 2215-3470 [email protected] CC: BY-NC-ND Nesting of arboreal ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in artificial substrates in coffee plantations in the Colombian Andes Anidación por hormigas arbóreas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) en sustratos artificiales en plantaciones de café en los Andes Colombianos. Aninhamento feito por formigas arbóreas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em substratos artificiais em cafezais nos Andes Colombianos. Andrés Jireh López-Dávila1, Selene Escobar-Ramírez1, 2, Inge Armbrecht1 Received: Nov/1/2020 • Accepted: Feb/28/2021 • Published: Jul/31/2021 Abstract Ants can provide pest biocontrol for coffee crops; however, this ecosystem service may decline in intensively managed plantations due to the loss of nesting resources. Considering how to increase the number of ants, we studied if they nest in different types of artificial substrates attached to coffee bushes both in shade-grown and sun-grown coffee plantations. Three independent tests were conducted at some coffee plantations in southwestern Colombia with the purpose of answering the following questions: 1) Do ants nest in artificial substrates made from recyclable materials? 2) Do the types of substrate (materials and configuration) and coffee management (shade-grown vs. sun-grown coffee) affect colonization rates, richness, and identity of colonizing ants? 3) Does time affect substrate colonization rates? Each experiment independently compared different substrate materials and designs, in both shade and sun-grown coffee. Results showed preference of one of the substrates offered and higher nesting rates in shade-grown plantations. -
Heterospilus Cephi ^ Kohwer Is a Major Parasite of the European Wheat Sawfly, Cephus Pygmaeus (Linnaeus)
HETEROSPILUS CEPHI ROHWER, A PARASITE OF THE EUROPEAN WHEAT SAWFLY, CEPHUS PYGMAEUS (L.)' By C. C. HILL, Associate Entomologist, and H. D. SMITH, Assistant Entomologist, Division of Cereal and Forage Insects, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture. ^ INTRODUCTION Heterospilus cephi ^ Kohwer is a major parasite of the European wheat sawfly, Cephus pygmaeus (Linnaeus). It was first reared from this host in 1924, by Donald T. Ries. In 1925, it was described by Rohwer,^ and the following year reference was made to it by Ries ^ in a paper on the wheat-stem sawfly. It is the purpose of this paper to present certain details of the mor- phology and life history of this parasite. GEOGRAPHICALIDISTRIBUTION Heterospilus cephi has been found throughout most of the western wheat areas of the State of New Xork, from Syracuse and the Finger Lakes westward to Lake Erie, and over a limited area in northern Pennsylvania, but has not yet been recovered south of Lycoming County, Pa. Figure 1 shows the districts of New York and Penn- sylvania from which it has been recovered. HOST Under natural conditions Heterospilus cephi has been found to at tack only the European wheat sawfly, Cephus pygmaeus (L.). How- ever, when- introduced into a large outdoor cage containing whea- infested with the black grain-stem sawfly, Trachelus tabidus (Fab.), it parasitized this species freely and passed through its complete normal life cycle on this host without difiiculty. 'This would indicate its ability to adapt itself to this host even though it does not already normally parasitize it. It is possible that the different geographical ranges of these two sawflies may account for the apparent failure of H. -
Environmental Determinants of Leaf Litter Ant Community Composition
Environmental determinants of leaf litter ant community composition along an elevational gradient Mélanie Fichaux, Jason Vleminckx, Elodie Alice Courtois, Jacques Delabie, Jordan Galli, Shengli Tao, Nicolas Labrière, Jérôme Chave, Christopher Baraloto, Jérôme Orivel To cite this version: Mélanie Fichaux, Jason Vleminckx, Elodie Alice Courtois, Jacques Delabie, Jordan Galli, et al.. Environmental determinants of leaf litter ant community composition along an elevational gradient. Biotropica, Wiley, 2020, 10.1111/btp.12849. hal-03001673 HAL Id: hal-03001673 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03001673 Submitted on 12 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. BIOTROPICA Environmental determinants of leaf-litter ant community composition along an elevational gradient ForJournal: PeerBiotropica Review Only Manuscript ID BITR-19-276.R2 Manuscript Type: Original Article Date Submitted by the 20-May-2020 Author: Complete List of Authors: Fichaux, Mélanie; CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), AgroParisTech, CIRAD, INRA, Université -
Psocopteran Species Associated with Eastern Hemlock in the Southern Appalachians
224 Florida Entomologist (95)1 March 2012 PSOCOPTERAN SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH EASTERN HEMLOCK IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS CARLA COOTS1,2, PARIS LAMBDIN1, JEROME GRANT1, RUSTY RHEA3, AND EDWARD MOCKFORD4 1Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 2Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] 3USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, 200 Weaver Boulevard, Asheville, NC 28804. 4School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4120. Eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Car- collected using direct sampling (beat sheet, hand- rière, comprises a vital component of biological picking, and trunk vacuuming) with collected diversity (Jordan & Sharp 1967; Lapin 1994; Tin- specimens placed into labeled (date, site and tree gley et al. 2002; Buck 2004; Buck et al. 2005; Dill- location, sampling type) alcohol-filled vials and ing et al. 2007; Dilling et al. 2009) and economi- taken to the laboratory for identification. Beat- cal (Travel Industry Association 2006; Woodsen sheet samples (4 per tree) were taken at each 2001) and environmental stability (Evans 2002; direction by striking each branch 5 times with Snyder et al. 2004) within its geographical range. a one-meter rod, while visual observations were Hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand conducted on each tree for 5 min per stratum, and (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), is an exotic insect species direct trunk vacuuming occurred on 61 cm of the capable of rapidly reducing populations of eastern circumference of the tree’s trunk. hemlock throughout the eastern United States During this study, 3,740 adult and nymph pso- (McClure & Fergione 1977; Buck et al. 2005; copteran specimens were collected and identified, Ellison et al. -
Addenda to the Insect Fauna of Al-Baha Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with Zoogeographical Notes Magdi S
JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY, 2016 VOL. 50, NOS. 19–20, 1209–1236 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1103913 Addenda to the insect fauna of Al-Baha Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with zoogeographical notes Magdi S. El-Hawagrya,c, Mostafa R. Sharafb, Hathal M. Al Dhaferb, Hassan H. Fadlb and Abdulrahman S. Aldawoodb aEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; bPlant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; cSurvey and Classification of Agricultural and Medical Insects in Al-Baha Province, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The first list of insects (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) of Al-Baha Received 1 April 2015 Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was published in 2013 Accepted 30 September 2015 and contained a total of 582 species. In the present study, 142 Online 9 December 2015 species belonging to 51 families and representing seven orders KEYWORDS are added to the fauna of Al-Baha Province, bringing the total Palaearctic; Afrotropical; number of species now recorded from the province to 724. The Eremic; insect species; reported species are assigned to recognized regional zoogeogra- Arabian Peninsula; Tihama; phical regions. Seventeen of the species are recorded for the first Al-Sarah; Al-Sarawat time for KSA, namely: Platypleura arabica Myers [Cicadidae, Mountains Hemiptera]; Cletomorpha sp.; Gonocerus juniperi Herrich-Schäffer [Coreidae, Hemiptera]; Coranus lateritius (Stål); Rhynocoris bipus- tulatus (Fieber) [Reduviidae, Hemiptera]; Cantacader iranicus Lis; Dictyla poecilla Drake & Hill [Tingidae, Hemiptera]; Mantispa scab- ricollis McLachlan [Mantispidae, Neuroptera]; Cerocoma schreberi Fabricius [Meloidae, Coleoptera]; Platypus parallelus (Fabricius) [Curculionidae, Coleoptera]; Zodion cinereum (Fabricius) [Conopidae, Diptera]; Ulidia ?ruficeps Becker [Ulidiidae, Diptera]; Atherigona reversura Villeneuve [Muscidae, Diptera]; Aplomya metallica (Wiedemann); Cylindromyia sp. -
Native and Non-Native Ant Impacts on Native Fungi
State University of New York College at Buffalo - Buffalo State College Digital Commons at Buffalo State Biology Theses Biology 8-2021 Native and non-native ant impacts on native fungi Chloe Mokadam State University of New York College at Buffalo - Buffalo State College, [email protected] Advisor Robert J. Warren II, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biology First Reader Christopher Pennuto, Ph.D., Professor of Biology Second Reader Olga Novikova, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biology Department Chair Daniel L. Potts, Ph.D., Chair and Associate Professor of Biology To learn more about the Biology Department and its educational programs, research, and resources, go to https://biology.buffalostate.edu/. Recommended Citation Mokadam, Chloe, "Native and non-native ant impacts on native fungi" (2021). Biology Theses. 45. https://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/biology_theses/45 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/biology_theses Part of the Biology Commons Native and non-native ant impacts on native fungi by Chloe Mokadam An Abstract of a Thesis in Biology Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts August 2021 Buffalo State College State University of New York Department of Biology 1 ABSTRACT OF THESIS Non-native ant impacts on native fungi Organisms produce weapons for defense against pathogens and competitors. In response, competitors and pathogens develop resistance to these weapons. However, when a species invades a new range, its “novel weapons” may be more effective against native species that did not co-evolve with them. Via specialized glands and microbial associates, ants produce antifungal weapons for defense against entomopathogenic fungi.