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Stefan Fleischauer Der Traum Von Der Eigenen Nation Ostasien Im 21

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Stefan Fleischauer Der Traum Von Der Eigenen Nation Ostasien Im 21 Stefan Fleischauer Der Traum von der eigenen Nation Ostasien im 21. Jahrhundert. Politik – Gesellschaft – Sicherheit – Regionale Integration Herausgegeben von Verena Blechinger-Talcott Thomas Heberer Sebastian Heilmann Patrick Köllner Hanns W. Maull Gunter Schubert Stefan Fleischauer Der Traum von der eigenen Nation Geschichte und Gegenwart der Unabhängigkeitsbewegung Taiwans Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.d-nb.de> abrufbar. 1. Auflage 2008 Alle Rechte vorbehalten © VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften | GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden 2008 Lektorat: Katrin Emmerich / Sabine Schöller VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften ist Teil der Fachverlagsgruppe Springer Science+Business Media. www.vs-verlag.de Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlags unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Die Wiedergabe von Gebrauchsnamen, Handelsnamen, Warenbezeichnungen usw. in diesem Werk berechtigt auch ohne besondere Kennzeichnung nicht zu der Annahme, dass solche Namen im Sinne der Warenzeichen- und Markenschutz-Gesetzgebung als frei zu betrachten wären und daher von jedermann benutzt werden dürften. Umschlaggestaltung: KünkelLopka Medienentwicklung, Heidelberg Druck und buchbinderische Verarbeitung: Krips b.v., Meppel Gedruckt auf säurefreiem und chlorfrei gebleichtem Papier Printed in the Netherlands ISBN 978-3-531-16044-3 Danksagung An dieser Stelle möchte ich mich herzlich bei meinem Doktorvater, Herrn Prof. Dr. Vogel, bedanken, der die Arbeit mit großem Engagement begleitet und gefördert hat. Seine freund- liche und zuvorkommende Unterstützung stellten für mich eine unschätzbare Hilfe und Ermutigung dar. Mein besonderer Dank gilt auch meinem Zweitgutachter Herrn Prof. Dr. Schubert, der mir mit seinem kritischen und fachkundigen Rat wertvolle Denkanstöße gab, und der durch sein großes Engagement die Veröffentlichung des Buches ermöglichte. Während meines Aufenthaltes in Taiwan hatte ich Gelegenheit zu zahlreichen Inter- views, bei denen meine Gesprächspartner mit großer Geduld und Bereitwilligkeit auf meine Fragen eingingen. Prof. Li Xiaofeng und Herr Roger Hsieh gaben mit zudem Anregungen für weitere Forschungen. Herr Chen Jiahong stellte mir seine umfangreiche Quellensamm- lung zur Verfügung. Besonders erwähnen möchte ich auch Herrn Günter Whittome, mit dem ich viele interessante Gespräche zum 228-Aufstand führte, sowie Herrn Dr. Chiu Chi-chun, der mir kompetente Hinweise zu verschiedenen Aspekten der taiwanesischen Rechtssprechung gab. Mein besonderer Dank gilt Frau Dr. Linda Arrigo. Sie ließ mich von ihrem reichen Er- fahrungsschatz profitieren, und nahm am Fortgang meiner Arbeit großen und persönlichen Anteil. Ohne ihre unschätzbare Hilfe hätte dieses Buch nicht in seiner jetzigen Form entste- hen können. Ich möchte mich weiterhin bei all jenen Institutionen und Organisationen bedanken, die mich auf unterschiedliche Weise unterstützt und zu dieser Dissertation beigetragen haben. Das Institut für taiwanesische Geschichte der Academia Sinica nahm mich als Visiting Scholar auf und ermöglichte mir den Zugang zu der umfangreichen Institutsbiblio- thek. Das Taipei 228 Memorial Museum gewährte mir unbeschränkten Einblick in die Sammlung des Museums, und zahlreiche ehrenamtliche Mitarbeiter standen mir mit über- wältigender Freundlichkeit zur Seite. Die Wu Sanlian-Stiftung für historische Materialien Taiwans (Wu Sanlian Taiwan shiliao jijinhui) und das National Taiwan Museum stellten mir seltene historische Materialien zur Verfügung. Die Redaktion der Zeitung Liberty Times stellte Bild- und Textmaterialien aus ihrem Archiv bereit. Schließlich gilt mein besonderer Dank der Landesgraduiertenförderung Baden- Württemberg (GRAFÖG), dem Deutschen Akademischen Austauschdienst (DAAD) und der Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange, ohne deren Stipendien die vorliegende Arbeit nicht zu realisieren gewesen wäre. Ich widme diese Arbeit meinen Eltern, Prof. Peter und Ursula Fleischauer. Stefan Fleischauer Inhalt 1 EINLEITUNG ........................................................................................................... 15 1.1 Forschungsinteresse, Aufbau und Methodologie .............................................. 15 1.1.1 Aufbau der Arbeit .................................................................................. 16 1.1.2 Methodisches Vorgehen und zentrale Fragestellungen .......................... 17 1.2 Forschungsstand und Literatur .......................................................................... 21 1.2.1 Forschungsstand und Literatur zum 228-Aufstand ................................ 22 1.2.1.1 Sekundärliteratur ...................................................................... 22 1.2.1.2 Quellen ..................................................................................... 23 1.2.2 Forschungsstand und Literatur zur taiwanesischen Unabhängigkeitsbewegung im Ausland ................................................. 25 1.2.2.1 Sekundärliteratur ...................................................................... 25 1.2.2.2 Quellen ..................................................................................... 26 1.2.3 Forschungsstand und Literatur zur Unabhängigkeitsbewegung zur Zeit des Weißen Terrors ........................................................................... 27 1.2.4 Forschungsstand und Literatur zur Dangwai-Periode .............................. 27 1.2.5 Forschungsstand und Literatur zur modernen taiwanesischen Unabhängigkeitsbewegung ...................................................................... 28 1.3 Konventionen ...................................................................................................... 29 2 HISTORISCHE EINFÜHRUNG ................................................................................ 33 2.1 Frühe Besiedlung und die Herrschaft des Koxinga ........................................... 33 2.2 Taiwan unter der Qing-Herrschaft ..................................................................... 34 2.3 Die „Republik Taiwan“ und die japanische Kolonialherrschaft ........................ 36 2.4 Taiwans Rückkehr nach China ......................................................................... 40 2.5 Taiwan am Vorabend des 228-Aufstandes ........................................................ 42 2.5.1 Strukturelle Defizite der Provinzverwaltung und Diskriminierung der Taiwanesen ........................................................... 42 2.5.2 Wirtschaftlicher Niedergang .................................................................. 43 2.5.3 Korruption und Raub: Die Plünderung Taiwans .................................... 45 8 Inhalt 3 DER 228-AUFSTAND .............................................................................................. 49 3.1 Beginn des 228-Aufstandes ............................................................................... 50 3.1.1 Der Zigaretten-Vorfall vom 27.2 . .......................................................... 50 3.1.2 Ausbreitung des Aufstandes: Der Vorfall vor dem Gouverneursbüro ... 51 3.1.3 Ausschreitungen gegen Festländer ......................................................... 53 3.2 Politische Verhandlungen .................................................................................. 55 3.2.1 Erste Schritte .......................................................................................... 55 3.2.2 Beginn der Schlichtungsversuche .......................................................... 57 3.2.3 Die Schlichtungskommission ................................................................. 59 3.2.3.1 Gründung der Schlichtungskommission, Aufbau und Mitglieder .......................................................................... 59 3.2.3.2 Verhandlungen zwischen Regierung und Schlichtungskommission ......................................................... 62 3.2.3.3 Pragmatische Aufgaben der Schlichtungskommission ............ 66 3.3 Die Regierung in der Defensive ........................................................................ 69 3.3.1 Manipulation der taiwanesischen Volksvertreter ................................... 70 3.3.2 Mangelnde Streitkräfte und die Anfrage um Verstärkung ..................... 74 3.4 Das Ende des 228-Aufstandes ........................................................................... 79 3.4.1 Der 228-Aufstand in Gaoxiong .............................................................. 80 3.4.2 Der 228-Aufstand in Taizhong: Xie Xuehong, die 27. Truppe und die Schlacht von Puli ....................................................................... 82 3.4.3 Der 8. März - der letzte Tag des Aufstandes in Taipei und die Ankunft der Armee .................................................................... 85 4 DIE TAIWANESISCHE UNABHÄNGIGKEITSBEWEGUNG IN JAPAN ........... 89 4.1 Die „Exilregierung der Republik Taiwan“ des Liao Wenyi .............................. 89 4.1.1 Die Brüder Liao Wenyi und Liao Wenkui ............................................. 89 4.1.2 Die Blütephase der Exilregierung, 1950-1961 ....................................... 93 4.1.3 Der
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