DOCSLIB.ORG

SEISMICITY of the EAST BALTIC REGION and APPLICATION-ORIENTED METHODS in the CONDITIONS of LOW SEISMICITY Valērijs Ņikuļins

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Valērijs Ņikuļins SEISMICITY OF THE EAST BALTIC REGION AND APPLICATION-ORIENTED METHODS IN THE CONDITIONS OF LOW SEISMICITY Valērijs Ņikuļins SeiSmicity of the eaSt Baltic Region and application-oRiented methodS in the conditionS of low SeiSmicity lU akadēmiskais apgāds 2017 Ņikuļins Valērijs, 2017. Seismicity of the East Baltic Region and application-oriented methods in the conditions of low seismicity. Rīga: LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, pp. 292. Monograph is dedicated to seismicity of the East Baltic region and its assessment. As the first study of its kind, it is published in English language to ensure accessibility of the facts and methodological solutions reflected in the book to the readership worldwide. Most of the factual material included in the study is published for the first time, and a particularly valuable contribution of the book includes the methodological techniques developed and approbated by the author for assessing seismicity of the territories. These are novelties that the author presents in a relatively simple language, providing explanations on the basis of traditional notions and seismic observation network data. The book is intended for geologists and geophysicists, territorial planning specialists, builders, as well as other individuals, whom this edition will enable to become familiar with this specific knowledge regarding Latvia and its neighboring countries. This information is also important in extraction of mineral resources and planning thereof, where artificially induced seismic events are a factor with a significant environmental impact. Monogrāfija ir veltīta Austrumbaltijas reģiona seismiskumam un tā novērtējumiem, tas ir pirmais šāds pētījums, tādēļ sagatavots angļu valodā, lai grāmatā atspoguļotais faktiskais materiāls un metodiskie risinājumi kļūtu pieejami plašam lasītāju lokam. Grāmatā ietvertā faktiskā materiāla lielākā daļa ir oriģināli un tiek publicēti pirmo reizi, un īpaši vērtīgu šo izdevumu izceļ autora paša izstrādātie un aprobētie metodiskie paņēmieni teritoriju seismiskuma izvērtēšanai. Tās ir novitātes, kuras autors pasniedz salīdzinoši vienkāršā valodā, skaidrojumus balstot uz tradicionāliem priekšstatiem un seismisko novērojumu tīklu datiem. Grāmata paredzēta ģeologiem un ģeofiziķiem, tomēr vēl vairāk teritoriju plānotājiem, būvniekiem, kā arī citiem interesentiem, kam šādas zināšanas par Latviju un kaimiņzemēm ar šo izdevumu ir kļuvušas pieejamas. Svarīgi tas ir arī attiecībā uz derīgo izrakteņu ieguvi un tās plānošanu, kur mākslīgi ierosināti seismiskie notikumi ir nozīmīgs vidi ietekmējošs faktors. Editor in Chief / Atbildīgais redaktors: Dr. geol. Valdis Segliņš This publication was financially supported by the National Research Programme “ResProd” No. 2014.10-4/VPP-6/4.1 project "GEO"/ Izdevums tapis ar Valsts pētījumu programmas “ResProd” Nr. 2014.10-4/VPP-6/4 1. projekta "GEO" atbalstu. Editor / Redaktore: Andra Damberga Computer graphics and design / Datorgrafika un dizains: Paula Lore Cover design / Vāka dizains: Paula Lore © Valērijs Ņikuļins, 2017 © Latvijas Universitāte, 2017 ISBN 978-9934-18-300-3 content Introduction ............................................................................................................. 7 1. Earth’s seismicity and its causes ........................................................................ 14 1.1. Depth tectonic structure of Earth and geodynamic preconditions of seismicity ............................................................................... 14 1.2. Statistics of world earthquakes ......................................................................... 21 2. Seismicity and prerequisites of seismicity of stable continental regions ....... 28 2.1. Review of seismic geological conditions of stable continental crust .......... 30 2.2. Brief description of geotectonic conditions of the East European Platform and its individual elements .............................................................. 41 2.2.1. Overview of evolutionary processes of the formation of East European Platform and main elements of its geological structure .......................................................................... 43 2.2.2. Deep geological structure of western part of the East European Platform ........................................................................ 48 2.2.3. Assessment of geodynamic potential of the East Baltic Region ..... 54 2.3. Basic characteristics of the EEP seismicity .................................................... 58 3. Seismicity of the East Baltic Region ................................................................. 64 3.1. History of seismological studies in the East Baltic Region .......................... 64 3.1.1. Seismologic data collection period from the earliest times to the end of XIX century .......................................................... 65 3.1.2. Seismological studies until mid-70s of XX century .......................... 65 3.1.3. Seismological studies from mid-70s of XX century to 2004 ........... 69 3.1.4. Current stage of seismological studies in the East Baltic Region .................................................................................. 74 3.2. Historical earthquakes in the East Baltic region ........................................... 77 3.2.1. Earthquakes in East Prussia in 1302 and 1328 .................................. 78 3.2.2. Bauska earthquake of 30 June 1616 ..................................................... 78 3.2.3. Koknese earthquakes of 1821 ............................................................... 79 3.2.4. Irbene earthquake of 18 May 1857 ...................................................... 82 3.2.5. Narva earthquake of 1881 ..................................................................... 82 3.2.6. Sesmic shocks in December 1908 in the East Baltic Region ........... 83 3.3. Present-day earthquakes of East Baltic Region ............................................. 86 3.3.1. Osmussaare earthquakes of 1976 ......................................................... 87 3.3.2. Kaliningrad earthquakes of 2004 ......................................................... 91 4 3.3.3. Review of contemporary, small earthquakes of the East Baltic Region ............................................................................ 99 4. Technogenic seismicity and tectonic earthquake identification methods in the East Baltic Region .................................................................... 105 4.1. Models, mechanisms of seismic sources and tectonic regimes ................... 107 4.1.1. Focal mechanism of tectonic earthquake ........................................... 108 4.1.2. Tectonic regimes .................................................................................... 110 4.1.3. Seismic moment tensor ......................................................................... 112 4.1.4. Model of explosion ................................................................................ 114 4.2. Technogenic seismicity in East Baltic Region ............................................... 116 4.2.1. Technogenic seismicity of Estonia ....................................................... 125 4.2.2. Technogenic seismicity of Latvia ......................................................... 130 4.2.3. Technogenic seismicity of Lithuania ................................................... 133 4.2.4. Technogenic seismicity of the Baltic Sea ............................................ 135 4.3. Practical methods for tectonic earthquake identification ............................ 138 4.3.1. Spectral characteristics of earthquakes and explosions (Fourier spectra) .................................................................................... 140 4.3.2. Waves amplitudes ratio or spectra ratio P/S (P/Lg) .......................... 149 4.3.3. Time frequency analysis of earthquakes and explosions ................. 153 4.3.4. Complexity index as method of estimation of integral power ratio of S and P-waves ............................................................... 160 4.3.5. SOM method for discrimination between earthquakes and explosions .................................................................. 162 4.3.6. Nuclear Test Explosion Control in the context of seismic event type identification. An example of identification of nuclear explosion in the North Korea on September 3, 2017 by the BAVSEN network station ...................................................................... 165 5. Application of seismological methods in conditions of low seismicity ......... 176 5.1. Seismic zoning and microzoning .................................................................... 178 5.1.1. Main provisions of general seismic zoning ........................................ 179 5.1.2. Deterministic analysis of seismic hazard ............................................ 182 5.1.3. The probabilistic seismic hazard analysis ........................................... 184 5.1.4. Review of seismic zoning results in the East Baltic Region ............. 188 5.1.4.1. Seismic zoning of Belarus and the Baltic States ................ 188 5.1.4.2. Seismic zoning of Latvia – 1998 ........................................... 190 5.1.4.3. Seismic zoning of Latvia – 2007 ........................................... 193 5 5.1.4.4. GSHAP International Project ............................................... 201 5.1.4.5. Assessment of seismic hazard in the Baltic Region .......... 206 5.1.5. The basic concepts of seismic microzoning ......................................
Recommended publications
  • Soviet Technological Projects and Technological Aid in Africa and Cuba, 1960S-1980S

    Soviet Technological Projects and Technological Aid in Africa and Cuba, 1960S-1980S

    Elena Kochetkova, David Damtar, Lilia Boliachevets, Polina Slyusarchuk, Julia Lajus SOVIET TECHNOLOGICAL PROJECTS AND TECHNOLOGICAL AID IN AFRICA AND CUBA, 1960S-1980S BASIC RESEARCH PROGRAM WORKING PAPERS SERIES: HUMANITIES WP BRP 143/HUM/2017 This Working Paper is an output of a research project implemented within NRU HSE’s Annual Thematic Plan for Basic and Applied Research. Any opinions or claims contained in this Working Paper do not necessarily reflect the views of HSE. Elena Kochetkova1, David Damtar,2 Lilia Boliachevets,3 Polina Slyusarchuk4 and Julia Lajus5 6 SOVIET TECHNOLOGICAL PROJECTS AND TECHNOLOGICAL AID IN AFRICA AND CUBA, 1960S- 1980S7 8 This paper examines Soviet development projects in African countries and Cuba during the Cold War. We analyze types of projects led by Soviet specialists and engage into the question of how Soviets, both leadership and engineers, viewed their roles and impacts as well as challenges on African territory and Cuba. In so doing, this paper analyzes differences and similarities in Soviet penetration to lands with newly established governments in Africa and Cuba. JEL Classification: N60, N67, N97. Keywords: technology, technological aid, Soviet Union, Africa, Cuba, decolonization. 1 National Research University Higher School of Economics. Laboratory for Environmental and Technological History. Department of History. E-mail: [email protected] 2 National Research University Higher School of Economics. Laboratory for Environmental and Technological History. Department of History. E-mail: «[email protected]» 3 National Research University Higher School of Economics. Department of History. E-mail: [email protected] 4 National Research University Higher School of Economics. Department of History. E-mail: [email protected] 5 National Research University Higher School of Economics.
  • Rriving 6 September

    Rriving 6 September

    MISCELLANEOUS PAPER GL-82-8 GEOTECHNICAL CENTRIFUGES OBSERVED IN THE SOVIET UNION, 6-29 SEPTEMBER 1979 by Paul A. Gilbert Geotechnical Laboratory U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station P. O. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 August 1982 Final Report Approved For Public Release; Distribution Unlimited .W34m GL-82-8 1982 prepared for Office, Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army Washington, D. C. 20314 Under Civil Works Work Unit 31173, Task 30 LIBRARY. NOV 0 8 W - Buteau oi Reclamation ripnu0fe Colpffiin Destroy this report when no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator. The findings in this report are not to be construed as an officia Department of the Army position unless so designated, by other authorized documents. The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. ïj? BUREAU OF RECLAMATION DENVER LIBRARY v £ « 92016795 Unr.1 a s s i fie ri Ci T20]ib7T5 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered) 'V»«a ' READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM n 1. R E P O R T N U M B ER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER Miscellaneous ,Paper GL-82-8 /j 4. • T I T L E (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED GEOTECHNICAL CENTRIFUGES OBSERVED IN THE SOVIET r ) UNION, 6-29 SEPTEMBER 1979 ( Final report J^ ~6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHOR*» 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER*» Paul A.
  • Good and Bad Dams

    Good and Bad Dams

    Latin America and Caribbean Region 1 Sustainable Development Working Paper 16 Public Disclosure Authorized Good Dams and Bad Dams: Environmental Criteria for Site Selection of Hydroelectric Projects November 2003 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized George Ledec Public Disclosure Authorized Juan David Quintero The World Bank Latin America and Caribbean Region Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Department (LCSES) Latin America and the Caribbean Region Sustainable Development Working Paper No. 16 Good Dams and Bad Dams: Environmental Criteria for Site Selection of Hydroelectric Projects November 2003 George Ledec Juan David Quintero The World Bank Latin America and the Caribbean Region Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Sector Management Unit George Ledec has worked with the World Bank since 1982, and is presently Lead Ecologist for the Environmen- tally and Socially Sustainable Development Unit (LCSES) of the World Bank’s Latin America and Caribbean Re- gional Office. He specializes in the environmental assessment of development projects, with particular focus on biodiversity and related conservation concerns. He has worked extensively with the environmental aspects of dams, roads, oil and gas, forest management, and protected areas, and is one of the main authors of the World Bank’s Natural Habitats Policy. Dr. Ledec earned a Ph.D. in Wildland Resource Science from the University of California-Berkeley, a Masters in Public Affairs from Princeton University, and a Bachelors in Biology and Envi- ronmental Studies from Dartmouth College. Juan David Quintero joined the World Bank in 1993 and is presently Lead Environmental Specialist for LCSES and Coordinator of the Bank’s Latin America and Caribbean Quality Assurance Team, which monitors compli- ance with environmental and social safeguard policies.
  • THE NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY of the BIOSPHERE (Prirodnaya Radioaktivnost' Iosfery)

    THE NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY of the BIOSPHERE (Prirodnaya Radioaktivnost' Iosfery)

    XA04N2887 INIS-XA-N--259 L.A. Pertsov TRANSLATED FROM RUSSIAN Published for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations L. A. PERTSOV THE NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY OF THE BIOSPHERE (Prirodnaya Radioaktivnost' iosfery) Atomizdat NMoskva 1964 Translated from Russian Israel Program for Scientific Translations Jerusalem 1967 18 02 AEC-tr- 6714 Published Pursuant to an Agreement with THE U. S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION and THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. Copyright (D 1967 Israel Program for scientific Translations Ltd. IPST Cat. No. 1802 Translated and Edited by IPST Staff Printed in Jerusalem by S. Monison Available from the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information Springfield, Va. 22151 VI/ Table of Contents Introduction .1..................... Bibliography ...................................... 5 Chapter 1. GENESIS OF THE NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY OF THE BIOSPHERE ......................... 6 § Some historical problems...................... 6 § 2. Formation of natural radioactive isotopes of the earth ..... 7 §3. Radioactive isotope creation by cosmic radiation. ....... 11 §4. Distribution of radioactive isotopes in the earth ........ 12 § 5. The spread of radioactive isotopes over the earth's surface. ................................. 16 § 6. The cycle of natural radioactive isotopes in the biosphere. ................................ 18 Bibliography ................ .................. 22 Chapter 2. PHYSICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES. ........... 24 § 1. The contribution of individual radioactive isotopes to the total radioactivity of the biosphere. ............... 24 § 2. Properties of radioactive isotopes not belonging to radio- active families . ............ I............ 27 § 3. Properties of radioactive isotopes of the radioactive families. ................................ 38 § 4. Properties of radioactive isotopes of rare-earth elements .
  • Annual Report of the Tatneft Company

    Annual Report of the Tatneft Company

    LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE TATNEFT COMPANY ABOUT OPERATIONS CORPORATE FINANCIAL SOCIAL INDUSTRIAL SAFETY & PJSC TATNEFT, ANNUAL REPORT 2015 THE COMPANY MANAGEMENT RESULTS RESPONSIBILITY ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY CONTENTS ABOUT THE COMPANY 01 Joint Address to Shareholders, Investors and Partners .......................................................................................................... 02 The Company’s Mission ....................................................................................................................................................... 04 Equity Holding Structure of PJSC TATNEFT ........................................................................................................................... 06 Development and Continuity of the Company’s Strategic Initiatives.......................................................................................... 09 Business Model ................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Finanical Position and Strengthening the Assets Structure ...................................................................................................... 12 Major Industrial Factors Affecting the Company’s Activity in 2015 ............................................................................................ 18 Model of Sustainable Development of the Company ..............................................................................................................
  • Complex of Stone Tools of the Chalcolithic Igim Settlement 1 2 *3 Ekaterina N

    Complex of Stone Tools of the Chalcolithic Igim Settlement 1 2 *3 Ekaterina N

    DOI 10.29042/2018-2284-2288 Helix Vol. 8(1): 2284 – 2288 Complex of Stone Tools of the Chalcolithic Igim Settlement 1 2 *3 Ekaterina N. Golubeva , Madina S. Galimova , Leonard F. Nedashkovsky *1, 3 Kazan Federal University 2Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Khalikov of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan *3E-mail: [email protected], Contact: 89050229782 Received: 21st October 2017 Accepted: 16th November 2017, Published: 31st December 2017 expand the understanding of the everyday life and the Abstract activities of prehistoric people, but also, perhaps, to The article presents the results of a typological and a functional study of stone objects collection part (408 differentiate the complexes of stone inventory for items) originating from trench 2 on a multi-layered different periods of time. Igim site situated in the Lower Kama reservoir zone at A striking example of such a mixed monument is the the confluence of the Ik and Kama rivers (Russian multi-layered settlement Igim, which is located on the Federation, Republic of Tatarstan). The site was high remnant of the terrace, at the confluence of the inhabited for three periods - during the Neolithic, the rivers Ik and Kama (now the Lower Kama reservoir). Eneolithic and the Late Bronze Age. In the course of This large remnant restricts from the west a large lake- research conducted by P.N. Starostin and R.S. marshy massif, called Kulegash, located between the Gabyashev, stone artifacts were discovered, probably mouths of the largest influents of the Kama River - Ik related to the Eneolithic era.
  • Session 6. Flood Risk Management September 29, 2016 Room 424

    Session 6. Flood Risk Management September 29, 2016 Room 424

    Session 6. Flood risk management September 29, 2016 Room 424 6.1 Theories, methods and technologies of hydrological forecasts 14.00–14.201. The new paradigm in hydrological forecasting (ensemble predictions and their improving based on assimilation of observation data) Lev Kuchment, Victor Demidov (RAS Institute of Water Problem, Russia) 14.20–14.402. The hydrological forecast models of the Siberian rivers water regime Dmitry Burakov (Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Krasnoyarsk Center for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring of the Environment, Russia), Evgeniya Karepova (Institute of Computational Modeling, Siberian Branch of RAS, Russia) 14.40–15.003. Short-term forecasts method of water inflow into Bureyskaya reservoir Yury Motovilov (RAS Institute of Water Problems, Russia), Victor Balyberdin (SKM Market Predictor, Russia), Boris Gartsman, Alexander Gelfan (RAS Institute of Water Problems, Russia), Timur Khaziakhmetov (RusHydro Group, Russia), Vsevolod Moreydo (RAS Institute of Water Problems, Russia), Oleg Sokolov (Far Eastern Regional Hydrometeorological Research Institute, Russia) 15.00–15.204. Forecast of spring floods on the upper Ob river Alexander Zinoviev, Vladimir Galаkhov, Konstantin Koshelev (Institute of Water and Environmental Problems, Siberian Branch of RAS, Russia) 15.20–15.405. Regional hydrological model: the infrastructure and framework for hydrological prediction and forecasting Andrei Bugaets (RAS Institute of Water Problems, Far Eastern Regional Research Hydrometeorological Institute, Russia), Boris Gartsman
  • 6Th International Conference DEBRIS FLOWS

    6Th International Conference DEBRIS FLOWS

    First announcement 6th International Conference DEBRIS FLOWS: DISASTERS, RISK, FORECAST, PROTECTION Dushanbe – Khorog, Tajikistan September 21-27, 2020 Конфронси байналхалқии Шашум 6-я международная "Селҳо: конференция Фалокатҳо, Хатар, Пешгӯи, СЕЛЕВЫЕ ПОТОКИ: Муҳофизат" КАТАСТРОФЫ, РИСК, ПРОГНОЗ, Душанбе – Хоруғ, Тоҷикистон, ЗАЩИТА 21-27 сентябри соли 2020 Душанбе – Хорог, Таджикистан 21-27 сентября 2020 г. www.debrisflow.ru/en/df20 6th International Conference “DEBRIS FLOWS: DISASTERS, RISK, FORECAST, PROTECTION” (Dushanbe – Khorog, Tajikistan, September 21-27, 2020) The Debris Flow Association, the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, and the Aga Khan Agency for Habitat invite you and your colleagues to participate in the 6th International Conference on Debris Flows: Disasters, Risks, Forecast, Protection which will take place September 21-27, 2020 in Dushanbe and Khorog, Tajikistan. Debris flows in mountain regions cause significant damage for the economy and often lead to victims among local people. To solve the debris flow problems, experts from different countries are required to work together. The conferences on Debris Flows: Disasters, Risks, Forecast, Protection are among the forms of the international cooperation. This conference in Tajikistan is the sixth, it continues a series of conferences with the same name held in Pyatigorsk (2008), Moscow (2012), Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (2014), Irkutsk and Arshan (2016), Tbilisi (2018). The Conference is held with the participation of government ministries of Tajikistan, international
  • Modelling the Operation of Short-Term Electricity Market in Russia

    Modelling the Operation of Short-Term Electricity Market in Russia

    Dmitrii Kuleshov MODELLING THE OPERATION OF SHORT-TERM ELECTRICITY MARKET IN RUSSIA Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Science (Technology) to be presented with due permission for public examination and criticism in the Auditorium 3310 at Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland on the 8th of December 2017, at noon. Acta Universitatis Lappeenrantaensis 776 Supervisor Professor Jarmo Partanen LUT School of Energy Systems Lappeenranta University of Technology Finland Reviewers Professor Pertti Järventausta Laboratory of Electrical Energy Engineering Tampere University of Technology Finland PhD Vadim Borokhov LLC En+development Russia Opponents Professor Pertti Järventausta Laboratory of Electrical Energy Engineering Tampere University of Technology Finland Professor Sergey Smolovik Department of the Power System Design and Development JSC Scientific and Technical Centre of United Power System Russia ISBN 978-952-335-172-1 ISBN 978-952-335-173-8 (PDF) ISSN-L 1456-4491 ISSN 1456-4491 Lappeenrannan teknillinen yliopisto Yliopistopaino 2017 Abstract Dmitrii Kuleshov Modelling the operation of short-term electricity market in Russia Lappeenranta 2017 205 pages Acta Universitatis Lappeenrantaensis 776 Diss. Lappeenranta University of Technology ISBN 978-952-335-172-1, ISBN 978-952-335-173-8 (PDF), ISSN-L 1456-4491, ISSN 1456-4491 Although the wholesale electricity market in Russia has been in operation for more than a decade, its functioning still remains largely unexplored in the western literature. This doctoral dissertation proposes a bottom-up model of the Russian electricity sector that enables the study of the behaviour of short-term electricity market prices and revenues of electric producers in Russia under conditions of limited information about parameters and operational constraints of the actual electricity market.
  • Resettlement, Displacement and Agrarian Change in Northern Uplands of Vietnam

    Resettlement, Displacement and Agrarian Change in Northern Uplands of Vietnam

    RESETTLEMENT, DISPLACEMENT AND AGRARIAN CHANGE IN NORTHERN UPLANDS OF VIETNAM NGA THI VIET DAO A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN GEOGRAPHY YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO July 2012 ©Nga Dao2012 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du 1+1 Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-92814-1 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-92814-1 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation.
  • Why Is the Need for Finding Flood Level Elevations?

    Why Is the Need for Finding Flood Level Elevations?

    Calculation of water surface elevation using HECRAS 4.1.0 for fixing tailrace elevation for powerhouse site in planned 37 MW Kabeli “A” Hydroelectric Project, Nepal April, 2012 6/25/2012 Surendra Raj Pathak Why is the need for finding flood level elevations? • To find out water surface elevations at different flood frequencies. • To find out design water level to safeguard all costly engineering structures from flood damage which is probable sometime in future. • To fix the tailwater elevation. As head (energy) relates to increase in revenue in hydroelectricity, small increment in head has a huge impact in overall project financial health in a long run. Earthwork excavation incurs huge part of powerhouse cost initially. There has to be optimized tailwater elevation by analyzing between increase in project revenue from head increment vs. initial earthwork excavation cost. Location of Nepal on Globe Source: WORLD ATLAS Major Watersheds in Nepal Source: Ministry of Energy, Nepal Physiographic Divisions of Nepal Source: WWF 2005 Kabeli “A” Hydroelectic Project Site Project site Kabeli “A” Hydroelectric Project Watershed Area Project site Source: Survey Department, Nepal Kabeli “A” Hydroelectric Project Layout Source: Survey Department, Nepal General Project Features Items Description Project Name Kabeli-A Hydroelectric Project Location Amarpur and Panchami VDCs of Panchthar District and Nangkholyang of Taplejung District Project Boundaries Licensed Coordinates 87 45’ 50’’ E Eastern Boundary 87 40’ 55’’ E Western Boundary 27 17’ 32’’ N Northern
  • State Hazard Mitigation Plan 2019

    State Hazard Mitigation Plan 2019

    MAINE STATE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2019 Abstract “Natural hazard mitigation planning is a process used by state, tribal, and local governments to engage stakeholders, identify hazards and vulnerabilities, develop a long-term strategy to reduce risk and future losses, and implement the plan, taking advantage of a wide range of resources.” FEMA Maine Emergency Management Agency 45 Commerce Dr. Augusta, ME 04333 OCTOBER 2019 Peter J. Rogers, Acting Director Maine Emergency Management Agency Joe Legee, Acting Deputy Director Maine Emergency Management Agency Prepared By: MEMA State Hazard Mitigation Officer & Natural Hazards Planner MAINE STATE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN – 2019 Update TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1-1 Background ..................................................................................................... 1-1 Demographic and Resource Profiles ............................................................... 1-3 State Profile ...................................................................................................... 1-3 Geographic Profile .............................................................................................1-3 Climate ............................................................................................................. 1-5 Climate Change .................................................................................................1-8 Human Geography ..........................................................................................