Forest Management and Abiotic Parameters Effect on Soil Fungal Communities Inhabiting Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems

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Forest Management and Abiotic Parameters Effect on Soil Fungal Communities Inhabiting Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems Forest management and abiotic parameters effect on soil fungal communities inhabiting Mediterranean forest ecosystems Carles Castaño Soler http://hdl.handle.net/10803/463010 ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. TESI DOCTORAL Forest management and abiotic parameters effect on soil fungal communities inhabiting Mediterranean forest ecosystems Carles Castaño Soler Memòria presentada per optar al grau de Doctor per la Universitat de Lleida Programa de Doctorat en Gestió Forestal i del Medi Natural Directors José Antonio Bonet Lledós Josu González Alday Xavier Parladé Izquierdo 2017 Castaño, C (2017). Forest management and abiotic parameters effect on soil fungal communities inhabiting Mediterranean forest ecosystems. Industrial PhD thesis in Multifunctional Forest Management Program. University of Lleida. This work has been carried out during October 2014 – December 2017 at the consolidated research group Mediterranean Forests: Products, Ecophysiology and Adaptation, Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, together with the spin-off Forest Bioengineering Solutions. The author was supported by Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya through the program Doctorats Industrials, funded by the European Union and the European Social Fund. The research studies in this thesis were also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (MINECO) (grant number AGL2012-40035-CO3 and AGL2015-66001-C3). The author of this thesis is the author of the images, if not stated otherwise. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Aquesta tesi no hauria estat possible sense l’ajuda tècnica, científica, lúdica, psicològica, econòmica i moral de moltes persones. Vist en perspectiva, m’adono que una tesi és un camí ple d’obstacles, amb més que possibles “temporals” com els de llevant a finals de Novembre, que poden esvair tot l’esforç i fer-te tornar a l’inici.... i pitjor encara si t’agafen en ple dia de mostreig. Tanmateix, és un camí que en principi sembla plagat d’enemics, no físics, però materials i immaterials. Per donar exemple d’això últim, l’estadística se’m va aparèixer com la sobtada pantalla blava a l’ordinador amb el típic codi d’error que pot tenir mil significats i que en la pràctica significa que has perdut el treball de dies i que ja te’ls pots gastar en un ordinador nou; no vols pensar-hi però saps que te’l trobaràs tard o d’hora. Així vaig veure l’estadística. I com aquest exemple, mil-i-un més. No obstant això, gràcies a l’ajuda de tantíssima gent, he après a superar aquests obstacles i a veure més les grans fites com treballs en grup, treballs de molta gent coordinada i treballs que s’han valgut d’una preuada ajuda, i n’és el cas d’aquesta tesi. Sens dubte a partir d’ara sempre sabré que un gran projecte o estudi es construeix amb l’ajuda de moltes persones. No tinc clara la certesa del primer punt si ens referim a aquesta tesi, però a continuació us donaré raons per creure en el segón punt. Voldria començar agraint al Prof. José Antonio Bonet, primer de tot per confiar aquesta tesi en mi. Tot i ser avisat de manera seriosa que la relació estudiant de doctorat-supervisor en l’era posttesi és en molts casos d’enemistat, jo no puc dir el mateix, ans el contrari. Voldria destacar la paciència que ha tingut amb mi (fet pel qual suposo que em van batejar el pollito), la seva generositat, els seus consells i la seva perspectiva científica, crítica i constructiva. Tanmateix, li vull agrair els grans esforços per aconseguir amb èxit el finançament per a fer aquesta tesi. Finalment, més enllà de la perspectiva científica, el primer que m’ha vingut al cap per descriure’l amb dues paraules és de persona humana, i la definició que he trobat del terme llegeix: La persona humana és un ésser independent, intel·ligent i racional, que des de petit desenvolupa els seus coneixements, i es recolza en l’educació per a desenvolupar les seves potencialitats davant la - complex – societat, que el porta a ubicar-se en un context social com una persona que aconsegueix les seves metes i propòsits que sempre seran individuals. Discrepo però en una part d’aquest text i és precisament l’última, que sens dubte adequaria al 100% si al final llegís “persona que aconsegueix les metes i propòsits que sempre seran del grup al qual pertany o de terceres persones”. Las próximas palabras son para Josu Alday. En un principio, durante las primeras semanas, te vi como un Salvator Mundi ...Statistica, una adaptación a la obra Salvator Mundi de Leonardo da Vinci, con la única diferencia de que la bola que aguanta no sería transparente; sería azul y con una gran R blanca. Sin duda ha sido mucho más que esto, la experiencia ha sido poderme sumergir, nadar, bucear en el mundo de la ciencia y también darme algun cabezazo que otro contra paredes y salvarme gracias al casco... pero sobretodo, disfrutar como nunca del mundo de la ciencia. Gracias por toda tu ayuda, tus comentarios, análisis a deshoras, ideas y como no, paciencia.... pero también por escucharme y darme tus consejos. Voldria agrair també conjuntament al Xavier Parladé i al Joan Pera del IRTA. Hi ha molts motius pels agraïments, però principalment voldria destacar l’ajuda i totes les facilitats durant les estades a l’IRTA, per la vostra amabilitat, per la implicació en aquesta tesi i sobretot per transmetre’m tots els missatges d’optimisme. Els membres del grup de micologia i tòfones de la UdL-CTFC han contribuït de manera immensa en aquesta tesi. No només en el sentit laboral i acadèmic, també en el social i d’amistat. Vull agrair al Cisco, Edu, Yasmin, Albert, Eduard, i també als antics companys de laboratori Jordi, Josep, Mireia. Encara que no sigui de bolets i tòfones, també al Arteaga entre d’altres pels seus postres de Nutella (ja pots fardar!). I would also like to acknowledge the help and the moments spend with Jewel Yurkewich, Rana Adamo. Also, I much appreciate the talkings and the help from Chris for reviewing my manuscripts així com també al Sergi(o). A Juan, por su ayuda en todo momento y sobretodo por su paciencia con mis horarios y demás, y por permitir (adrede, supongo) que un día de campo muestreara casi tan rápido como él. Me gustaría dedicar también unas palabras de agradecimiento a Carlos Colinas, por todo los conocimientos que adquirí, por la confianza en mi y por la ayuda continua durante estos años. Voldria donar les gràcies al Dani per tot el que he après amb ell en l’àmbit tècnic però també a escala emocional-social etc..., perquè sense ell tampoc hagués acabat fent aquesta tesi i per la seva manera de veure les coses – que inevitablement contagia -. Voldria acabar amb la gent del laboratori agraint al Jonàs.
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