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Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University, Kota BCA-14 Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Computer Applications in Corporate World Course Development Committee Chairman Prof. (Dr.) Naresh Dadhich Former Vice-Chancellor Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Co-ordinator/Convener and Members Convener/ Co-ordinator Dr. Anuradha Sharma Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Members 1. Dr. Neeraj Bhargava 3. Dr. Madhavi Sinha Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science Maharishi Dyanand University, Ajmer Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Jaipur 2. Prof. Reena Dadhich 4. Dr. Rajeev Srivatava Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science University of Kota, Kota LBS College, Jaipur 5. Dr. Nishtha Keswani Department of Computer Science Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer Editing and Course Writing Editor Dr. Rajeev Srivastava Department of Computer Science LBS College, Jaipur Unit Writers Unit No. Unit No. 1. Dr. Aman Jain (1,2,3) 5. Ms. Samata Soni (10,11) Department of Computer Application Department of Computer Science Deepshikha Institute of Technology, Jaipur Kanoria Girls College, Jaipur 2. Sh. Ashish Chandra Swami (4,5) 6. Sh. Akash Saxena (12,13) Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science Subodh PG College, Jaipur St. Wilfred College, Jaipur 3. Dr. Vijay Singh Rathore (6,7) 7. Dr. Leena Bhatia (14,15) Department of Computer Application Department of Computer Science Shri Karni College, Jaipur Subodh PG College, Jaipur 4. Sh. Sandeep Sharma (8,9) Department of Computer Science Deepshikha Institute of Technology, Jaipur Academic and Administrative Management Prof. (Dr.) Vinay Kumar Pathak Prof. B.K. Sharma Prof. (Dr.) P.K. Sharma Vice-Chancellor Director (Academic) Director (Regional Services) Vardhaman Mahveer Open University, Vardhaman Mahveer Open University, Vardhaman Mahveer Open University, Kota Kota Kota Course Material Production Mr. Yogendra Goyal Assistant Production Officer Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University, Kota BCA-14 Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Computer Applicaions in Corporate World Unit No. Units Page No. 1. Introduction to Software 1 - 17 2. Communication and Connectivity 18 - 33 3. Information Technology and System Concepts 34 - 49 4. Computer Based Information System 50 - 62 5. MIS: Management Information System 63 - 74 6. ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning Systems 75 - 84 7. EIS: Executive Information Systems 85 - 92 8. Intelligent System 93 - 105 9. Mutimedia 106 - 119 10. Data Analysis I 120 - 141 11. Data Analysis II 142 - 164 12. Accounting Packages 165 - 183 13. Statistical Packages 184 - 199 14. E- Commerce 200 - 208 15. Bluetooth 209 - 220 Preface We feel great in bringing out this material “Computer Applications in Corporate World” which meets the requirement of the students of BCA Part - III. This material is written entirely according to the syllabus of Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University, Kota. It covers the various usage and techniques of computer applications for computer world. It gives basic knowledge about softwares, Communication and connectivity information systems, multimedia, e-commerce and bluetooth concepts. It also gives knowledge about accounting package, statistical packages and about the features for data analysis useful for business purposes. We have worked hard to make this course reader friendly. We shall be grateful for any suggestions for the improvement. __________ Unit - 2 : COMMUNICATION AND CONNECTIVITY Structure of the Unit 2.0 Objective 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Data Communication 2.3 Basic Elements of a Communication System 2.4 Elements of a Digital Communication System 2.5 Communication Protocols 2.6 Data Transmission Modes 2.6.1 Digital and Analog Transmission 2.6.2 Asynchronous and Synchronous Transmission 2.7 Types of Communication Services 2.8 Transmission Media 2.9 Computer Network 2.10 Types of Networks 2.11 Network Protocols 2.12 Network Architecture 2.13 Important terms used in Networking 2.14 Summary 2.15 Self Assessment Questions 2.16 Further Readings 2.0 Objective After going through this unit, you will be able to learn the basic elements of data communication system: describe communication protocols and data transmission modes explain the use of computer network describe different components of computer network identify different types of network 2.1 Introduction Today computer is available in many offices and homes and therefore there is a need to share data and programs among various computers. With the advancement of data communication facilities the communication between computers has increased and thus it has extended the power of computer beyond the computer room. Now a user sitting at one place can communicate with computers of any remote site through communication channel. The aim of this lesson is to introduce you the various aspects of computer network. 18 2.2 Data Communication We all are acquainted with some sorts of communication in our day to day life. For communication of information and messages we use telephone and postal communication systems. Similarly data and information from one computer system can be transmitted to other systems across geographical areas. Thus data transmission is the movement of information using some standard methods. These methods include electrical signals carried along a conductor, optical signals along an optical fibers and electromagnetic areas. Suppose a manager has to write several letters to various clients. First he has to use his PC and Word Processing package to prepare the letter, if the PC is connected to all the client’s PC through networking, he can send the letters to all the clients within minutes. Thus irrespective of geographical areas, if PCs are connected through communication channel, the data and information, computer files and any other programs can be transmitted to other computer systems within seconds. The modern form of communication like e-mail and Internet is possible only because of computer networking. 2.3 Basic Elements of a Communication System The basic elements that form a communication system are :- The transmitter : which processes the input signal to produce a transmitted signal suited to the characteristics of the transmission channel. Signal processing for transmission almost always includes modulation and may include coding. The transmission channel : which is the electrical medium that bridges the distance from source to destination.It may be a pair of wires, coaxial cable, or a radio wave or laser beam.Every channel experiences some amount of transmission loss or attenuation, so the signal power progressively decreases with increasing distance. The receiver : operates on the output signal from the channel in preparation for delivery to the transducer at the destination. Receiver operations include amplification to compensate for transmission loss, and demodulation and decoding to reverse the signal-processing performed at the transmitter. Filter is another important function of the receiver. In data communication four basic terms are frequently used. They are: Data : A collection of facts in raw forms that become information after processing. Signals : Electric or electromagnetic encoding of data. Signaling : Propagation of signals across a communication medium. Transmission : Communication of data achieved by the processing of signals. 2.4 Elements of a Digital Communication System Following figure illustrates the functional diagram and the basic elements of a digital communication system. 19 Information Source Channel Digital source and encoder encoder modulator input transducer Channel Output Output Source Channel Digital signal transducer decoder decoder demodulator Basic elements of a digital communication system. The source output may be either an analog signal, such as an audio or video signal, or a digital signal, such as the output of a teletype machine, that is discrete in time and has a finite number of output characters. In a digital communication system, the messages produced by the source are converted into a sequence of binary digits. The process of efficiently converting the output of either an analog or digital source into a sequence of binary digits is called source encoding or data compression. The sequence of binary digits from the source encoder, which we call the information sequence, is passed to the channel encoder. The purpose of the channel encoder is to introduce, in a controlled manner, some redundancy in the binary information sequence that can be used at the receiver to overcome the effects of noise and interference encountered in the transmission of the signal through the channel. This increase the reliability of the received data and improves the fidelity of the received signal. The binary sequence at the output of the channel encoder is passed to the digital modulator, which serves as the interface to the communication channel. Since nearly all the communication channels encountered in practice are capable of transmitting electrical signals (waveforms), the primary purpose of the digital modulator is to map the binary information sequence into signal waveforms. To elaborate on this point, let us suppose that the coded information sequence is to be transmitted one bit at a time at some uniform rate R bits per second (bits/s). The digital modulator may simply map the binary digit 0 into a waveform so(t) and the binary digit 1 into a waveform s, (t). In this manner, each bit from the channel encoder is transmitted separately. We call this binary modulation. Alternatively, the modulator may transmit 6 coded information bits at a time by using M = 2h distinct waveforms so(t), i = 0, 1, ..., M - 1, one waveform for each of the 26 possible b-bit sequences. We call this M-ary modulation (M > 2). Note that a new b-bit sequence enters the modulator every b/R seconds. Hence, when the channel bit rate R is fixed, the amount of time available to transmit one of the M waveforms corresponding to a b- bit sequence is b times the time period in a system that uses binary modulation. 20 The communication channel is the physical medium that is used to send the signal from the transmitter to the receiver. In wireless transmission, the channel may be the atmosphere (free space).
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