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Abschlussbericht-End 1 Abschlussbericht multifunktionale Bewirtschaftung von Buchenwäldern Abschlussbericht zum Projekt Nutzung ökologischer Potenziale von Buchenwäldern für eine multifunktionale Bewirtschaftung Gefördert durch die Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU) AZ 25243-33/0 Gesamtlaufzeit: 01.04.07 – 31.12.08 Berichtszeitraum: 04.07 – 05.08 Landesamt für Natur und Umwelt Schleswig-Holstein Direktor: Wolfgang Vogel Abteilung 3, Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege Abteilungsleitung: Thomas Wälter Projektleitung: Dr. Silke Lütt Autoren: Christian Dolnik, Hermann Ellenberg, Lutz Fähser, Andreas Fichtner, Ulrich Hampicke, Götz Heeschen, Ulrich Irmler, Matthias Lüderitz, Silke Lütt, Leonid Rasran, Achim Schäfer, Joachim Schrautzer, Knut Sturm, Susanne Vahder, Kati Vogt, Jeanine Wagner Flintbek, im Dezember 2008 1 Abschlussbericht multifunktionale Bewirtschaftung von Buchenwäldern Inhaltsverzeichnis Zusammenfassung…………………………………………………………………………7 1 Einführung ........................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Anlass des Projektes ..................................................................................................11 1.2 Übergeordnete Hintergründe und Zielsetzungen ........................................................12 1.3. Aktueller Stand der Forschung ..................................................................................13 1.4. Aktueller Stand der Praxis .........................................................................................13 1.5 Literatur ......................................................................................................................14 2 Die Untersuchungsgebiete ................................................................................. 17 2.1 Natürlicher Standort ........................................................................................... 17 2.1.1 Geographische Lage: ...........................................................................................17 2.1.2 Klima: ..................................................................................................................17 2.1.3 Geologie: .............................................................................................................17 2.1.4 Natürliche Waldgesellschaften: ............................................................................18 2.2 Übersichtskarte der Untersuchungsgebiete .................................. 19 3 Allgemeiner methodischer Ansatz..................................................................... 20 3.1 Literatur ........................................................................................................... 21 4 Die acht Teilprojekte........................................................................................... 23 4.1 Waldwachstum.............................................................................................. 30 4.1.1 Hintergrund und Zielsetzung ............................................................................30 4.1.2 Datengrundlage und Methodik..........................................................................33 4.1.2.1 Auswahl der Untersuchungsbestände ......................................................33 4.1.2.2 Datengrundlage und Standardauswertungen ...........................................34 4.1.2.3 Datenanalyse...............................................................................................39 4.1.2.3.1 Einfluss der Stammstärke sowie bestandes- und standortspezifischer Faktoren auf das Wuchsverhalten der Rot-Buche ( Fagus sylvatica L.) 4.1.2.3.2 Einfluss der Bewirtschaftungsintensität auf die Höhen-Durchmesser- Beziehung der Rot-Buche (Fagus sylvatica L.)..........................................44 4.1.2.3.3 Einfluss von bestandes- und standortspezifischer Faktoren auf den ..........45 4.1.2.3.4 Generelle Vorgehensweise der Modellbildung ...........................................46 4.1.2.3.5 Einfaktorielle Varianzanalyse .....................................................................48 4.1.2.3.6 Schaftqualität .............................................................................................48 4.1.2.3.6 Baumarchitektur.........................................................................................49 4.1.3 Ergebnisse .........................................................................................................50 4.1.3.1 Bestandesentwicklung ...............................................................................50 4.1.3.1.1 Grundfläche ...............................................................................................50 4.1.3.1.2 Holzvorrat ..................................................................................................52 4.1.3.1.3 Volumenzuwachs.......................................................................................53 4.1.3.1.4 Parametrisierung der Zuwachsfunktion ......................................................54 4.1.3.1.5 Durchmesserverteilung ..............................................................................58 4.1.3.2 Analyse der Wuchsdynamik der Rot-Buche .............................................60 4.1.3.2.1 Modellparametrisierung und Modellüberprüfung ........................................60 4.1.3.2.1.1 Durchmesserzuwachs ............................................................................... 60 4.1.3.2.1.2 Höhenzuwachs .......................................................................................... 63 4.1.3.2.1.3 Volumenzuwachs ....................................................................................... 66 2 Abschlussbericht multifunktionale Bewirtschaftung von Buchenwäldern 4.1.3.2.2 Höhen-Durchmesser Beziehung ................................................................69 4.1.3.2.3 Modellverhalten..........................................................................................76 4.1.3.2.3.1 Einzelbaumzuwachs in Abhängigkeit der Bestandesdichte ...................... 76 4.1.3.2.3.2 Höhen-Durchmesser-Beziehung in Abhängigkeit der Bestandesdichte ... 83 4.1.3.3 Schaftentwicklung ......................................................................................86 4.1.4 Diskussion..........................................................................................................89 4.1.4.1 Methodendiskussion ..................................................................................89 4.1.4.1.1 Forschungsansatz......................................................................................89 4.1.4.1.2 Nutzungsgradient.......................................................................................90 4.1.4.1.3 Datenanalyse.............................................................................................91 4.1.4.2 Einfluss der Bewirtschaftungsintensität auf die Entwicklung von Buchenbeständen .......................................................................................94 4.1.4.2.1 Zuwachsleistung der Rot-Buche( Fagus sylvatica L.)..................................94 4.1.4.2.2 Bestandesstruktur ....................................................................................104 4.1.4.2.3 Vorratshaltung und Bestandeszuwachs von Buchen-Altholzbeständen....111 4.1.4.3 Qualitätsentwicklung ................................................................................122 4.1.5 Prognose der Bestandesentwicklung mit dem Waldwachstumssimulator .126 BWINPro ..........................................................................................................126 4.1.5.1 Hintergrund und Zielsetzung ...................................................................126 4.1.5.2 Methodik....................................................................................................127 4.1.5.3 Simulationsergebnisse.............................................................................128 4.1.5.3.1 Vorratsentwicklung...................................................................................128 4.1.5.3.2 Bestandesstruktur ....................................................................................131 4.1.5.3.3 Nutzungssätze .........................................................................................134 4.1.5.3.4 Wuchsleistung..........................................................................................135 4.1.5.3.5 Abtriebswert.............................................................................................136 4.1.5.4 Diskussion.................................................................................................138 4.1.5.4.1 Vorratsentwicklung, Wuchsleistung und Bestandesstruktur......................138 4.1.5.4.2 Hiebssatz und Abtriebswert......................................................................138 4.1.5.4.3 Ökologische Auswirkungen......................................................................139 4.1.5.4.4 Betriebliche Entscheidung........................................................................139 4.1.5.4.5 Anwendbarkeit des Simulationsprogramms..............................................140 4.1.6 Literatur............................................................................................................141 4.2 Waldverjüngung und Verbiss..................................................................... 163 4.2.1. Einführung ......................................................................................................163 4.2.2 Problematik und Durchführung der Verbiss-Untersuchung.........................164
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