Universidad De Guayaquil Facultad De Ciencias Naturales Carrera De Biología

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Universidad De Guayaquil Facultad De Ciencias Naturales Carrera De Biología UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES CARRERA DE BIOLOGÍA TESIS DE GRADO PREVIO A LA OBTENCIÓN DE TÍTULO DE BIÓLOGO Análisis de alternativas de manejo del Cerro Cacharí (Los Ríos- Ecuador) como insumo técnico para su conservación. MARCIA ANGÉLICA MÉNDEZ ÁLVAREZ 2017 ©DERECHO DE AUTOR MARCIA ANGÉLICA MÉNDEZ ÁLVAREZ 2017 ii Blgo. Jaime Salas Zambrano, MSc. DIRECTOR DE TESIS iii UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES CARRERA DE BIOLOGÍA CALIFICACIÓN QUE OTORGA EL TRIBUNAL QUE RECIBE LA SUSTENTACIÓN Y DEFENSA DEL TRABAJO INDIVIDUAL DE TITULACIÓN TESIS “Análisis de alternativas de manejo del Cerro Cacharí (Los Ríos- Ecuador) como insumo técnico para su conservación.” Autora: Marcia Angélica Méndez Álvarez Previo a obtener el Título de: BIÓLOGA MIEMBROS DE TRIBUNAL CALIFICACIÓN Blga. Mónica Armas Soto, MSc. PRESIDENTA DEL TRIBUNAL Blga. Miriam Salvador Brito, MSc. MIEMBRO DEL TRIBUNAL Blgo. Xavier Cornejo Sotomayor, MSc. MIEMBRO DEL TRIBUNAL SUSTENTACIÓN Y DEFENSA DEL TRABAJO INDIVIDUAL DE TITULACIÓN REALIZADA EN LA SALA DE SESIONES DEL EDIFICIO ADMISTRATIVO DE LA FACULTAD. FECHA:…………………………………………………………………CERTIFICO Abg. Jorge Solórzano Cabezas SECRETARIO DE LA FACULTAD iv v vi vii viii ix DEDICATORIA El presente trabajo se lo dedico a mis padres Betty Álvarez y Genaro Méndez, por ser un ejemplo de constancia, perseverancia y amor que me han permitido ser una persona de bien. Sin su apoyo, constante motivación no hubiera podido haber mirado hacia adelante y superar los obstáculos que se me presentaron para cumplir esta meta. A mí querida sobrina Naomi, por tu cariño, tu amor y tus grandes manifestaciones de afecto. Esta es una meta más de las muchas que compartiremos juntas. Te quiero enana de mi corazón. x AGRADECIMIENTOS Son innumerables las personas a las que tengo que agradecer, me han apoyado de una u otra manera a lo largo de mi formación profesional y de vida. Primeramente a Dios y a la Virgen María, por haberme dado salud para poder culminar con éxito los objetivos propuestos, por haberme dado la fuerza, perseverancia y la paciencia en esos momentos difíciles cuando parecía decaer. A mis queridos padres, que han sido el pilar fundamental en todo mi proceso de formación, por sus consejos y valores, ya que ellos me han apoyado en los buenos y malos momentos, me han sabido guiar en este largo camino, dándome su apoyo incondicional tanto moral, anímica y económicamente, pero más que nada por su amor, a lo largo de mi vida estudiantil, en cuanto a educación siempre me dieron lo mejor a su alcance para ellos su mejor herencia que me podrán dejar es “La educación y los valores”. Muchas gracias por aquello, los amo con el corazón. En especial a ti mami, tu eres mi pilar la persona que siempre me ha levantado los ánimos tanto en los momentos difíciles de mi vida estudiantil como personal, por ser una mujer trabajadora, que ha tenido la paciencia, la tolerancia de confiar en mí. Gracias por haber ayudado a cumplir uno de mis sueños y eso te lo debo a ti mamá. Agradezco a mi distinguido director de tesis MSc. Jaime Salas Zambrano por sugerir y aceptar realizar este trabajo bajo su dirección, guiarme para el correcto desarrollo del mismo, por su ayuda incondicional y brindarme sus conocimientos, sin su apoyo esto no habría sido una realidad A mis amig@s Ivette Solís quien me ayudo con la identificación de aves, Mauricio Macías, Ronald Bravo y Cristian Barros quienes fueron mis asistentes en mis primeras salidas de campo. De la misma manera muchas gracias por brindarme su amistad que de manera desinteresada supieron ayudar de una a otra manera, que me acompañaron en algunas salidas de campo para la culminación de mi tema de tesis a Tania Paz, Konrad Mora, Michelle Baquerizo y Andrea Au Hing colaboraron en la elaboración de mapas, Jimmy Astudillo por su colaboración en la mayoría de las fotografías, y a mi xi mejor amiga mi querida madre quién me ayudo a desarrollar las encuestas me acompaño a más de una salida de campo. Agradezco a MSc. Xavier Conejo, curador asociado al Herbario GUAY de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad de Guayaquil por la identificación de la flora. Y finalmente, no es por ser menos importante, gracias a mi querido novio Isaac Pillajo que siempre tuviste a mi disposición fuiste mi apoyo incondicional. Mil gracias. xii TABLA DE CONTENIDO RESUMEN .................................................................................................... xx ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. xxi 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ..................................................................................... 1 CAPÍTULO I ................................................................................................... 4 2. JUSTIFICACIÓN ...................................................................................... 4 3. HIPÓTESIS .............................................................................................. 5 4. OBJETIVOS ............................................................................................. 5 4.1. Objetivos General ............................................................................ 5 4.2. Objetivos Específicos ..................................................................... 5 CAPÍTULO II .................................................................................................. 6 5. MARCO TEÓRICO .................................................................................. 6 5.1. Nivel Mundial ................................................................................... 6 5.2. Nivel Nacional .................................................................................. 7 6. MARCO LEGAL ...................................................................................... 9 CAPÍTULO III ............................................................................................... 27 7. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁREA DE ESTUDIO .......................................... 27 7.1. MAPA ............................................................................................. 30 8. METODOLOGÍA .................................................................................. 31 8.1. Materiales y Recursos .................................................................. 31 8.1.1. Materiales de Campo ............................................................... 31 8.1.2. Materiales de Gabinete ............................................................ 32 8.2. Métodos ......................................................................................... 32 8.2.1. Caracterización del sitio del muestreo ...................................... 32 8.3. Fase de campo .............................................................................. 35 8.3.1. Monitoreo e inventario para la flora .......................................... 35 8.3.2. Monitoreo e inventario para la fauna ........................................ 37 8.3.2.1. Reptiles y anfibios .................................................................... 37 8.3.2.1.1. Monitoreo e inventario en reptiles ...................................... 37 8.3.2.1.2. Monitoreo e inventario en anfibios ..................................... 38 8.3.2.2. Aves ......................................................................................... 38 8.3.2.2.1. Monitoreo e inventario de aves .......................................... 38 8.3.2.3. Murciélagos .............................................................................. 39 8.3.2.3.1. Técnica de captura recaptura y diseño de muestreo ......... 39 8.3.2.3.2. Manipulación de individuos capturados ............................. 40 8.3.2.3.3. Datos colectados en campo ............................................... 42 xiii 8.3.2.3.4. Base de datos .................................................................... 43 8.3.2.4. Identificación in situ de individuos capturados .......................... 45 8.3.2.5. Fase de Laboratorio ................................................................. 45 Sacrificio................................................................................................. 45 Preparación de vouchers ....................................................................... 45 8.3.3. Identificación de bienes y servicios ambientales ...................... 46 8.3.4. Levantamiento de información socio económico del área de estudio 47 8.4. Fase de Gabinete .......................................................................... 48 8.4.1. Alternativas de manejo ............................................................. 48 8.4.2. Sistematización de la información levantada ............................ 48 8.4.3. Evaluación del estado de conservación .................................... 50 CAPÍTULO IV .............................................................................................. 51 9. RESULTADOS ...................................................................................... 51 9.1. Objetos de Conservación ............................................................. 51 9.1.1. Recursos Florístico ................................................................... 51 9.1.2. Recursos Faunísticos ............................................................... 53 9.1.2.1. HERPETOFAUNA .................................................................... 53 9.1.2.2. AVES ........................................................................................ 54 9.2. Identificación de bienes y servicios
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