10th Grade History ALCS — 2020-2021 Roman Conquest & Warefare November 2020

Roman Unit. Edited. [link]. Peak Influence & Power

❖ Influenced the “known world” completely

❖ Dominated trade within its hand reach

❖ Developed its empire in every form

❖ Still influences the world today

❖ Information Source. [link].

Roman Empire Map. [link]. Roman Expansion Timelapse

Video Link. Infantry Units Calvary Units Units & Formations Siege Units Naval Units

Image. Edited. [link]. Infantry Units

❖ Contubernium (tent group) ❖ 8 Men ❖ Centuria ❖ 10 Contuberniums ❖ led by Centurion & Optio ❖ Cohort ❖ 6 Centuries ❖ led by a Primus pilus ❖ Legio ❖ 10 Cohorts ❖ led by a legate/Legatus Legionus ❖ Legion ❖ 10 Cohorts ❖ 120 Alae (calvary units)

❖ Information Source. [link].

Roman Unit. Edited. [link]. Infantry units

Roman Unit. Edited. [link]. Roman Unit. Edited. [link]. Infantry Tactics

Infantry tactics. Video. [link]. Calvary Units

❖ Lancearii/Antesignani: Roman light cavalry, ❖ Centurio Exercitator: Training officer. generally accompanied the Equites Legionis. ❖ Eques Speculator: Scout.

❖ Conttarii: anti-calvary cavalry of the Sarmatian ❖ Eques Stablesianus: Stablehand. people and carried the heavy lance (contus). ❖ Eques Sapsarius: Medic ❖ Cataphractii or Clibanarii: Heavy cavalry; ❖ completely armored; anti-archer calvary units. Information Source. [link].

❖ Sagittarii: Mounted archers.

❖ Information Source. [link]. Siege Units:

❖ Ballista & Caroballistae ❖ Catapulta ❖ Fire ❖ Onager ❖ Grapple ❖ Ram ❖ Siege Tower ❖ Totellon

Image. [link]. 1 2 3 4 5

Image. [link].

Siege Warfare

Scorpio (1) Xanten Catapulta (2) Lesser-scorpio (3 & 4) Ballistae (& variations) Ballista (5) Siege Warfare

Catapults (& variations)

Roman-era Catapult. [link]. Onager Image. [link]. Battering Ram & Mantlet

❖ Several different forms ❖ Machine-like ❖ Covered/Uncovered ❖ Smaller/carried by soldiers

Battering Ram. [link]. Battering Ram. Edited. [link]. Roman Siege Warefare. [link].

Siege Tower. Edited. [link]. Siege Warfare

Critical in the fall of Jerusalem. Siege Towers & Ramps Remains of the ramp still exist today. Walls & Tunnels

Bicircumvallation. Illustration. Edited. [link].

Bicircumvallation: the process of adding fortifications around an already existing location in an attempt to starve it out. Undermine: to tunnel under an existing fortification causing it to falter and crumble Information Source. [link]. Damaged Wall. Image. [link]. Lorem Ipsum Dolor

❖ Hexareme ❖ Trireme

❖ Polyreme ❖ Liburnians

Naval Units ❖ Quinquereme ❖ Hemiolia

❖ Quadrireme Ship Info. Website. [link]. Naval Landing. Edited. [link]. Additional Sites/Resources

❖ www.knowtheromans.co.uk. Website. [link].

❖ www.unrv.com/military.php. Website. [link].

❖ www.carolashby.com. Roman Navy. Website. [link].

❖ www.youtube.com. Roman Army Structure. Video. [link].

❖ www.youtube.com. Roman Battle Tactics. Video. [link].

❖ www.youtube.com. Roman Artillery. Video. [link].

❖ www.youtube.com. Roman Naval Warfare. Video. [link].