And Tactical Urbanisms HONG KONG MAP Office, Hong Kong Network Architecture Lab, Columbia University, New York
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Published by Uneven Growth: Tactical Urbanisms The Museum of Modern Art for Expanding Megacities is edited by 11 West 53 Street Pedro Gadanho, Curator, with New York, New York 10019-5497 Phoebe Springstubb, Curatorial www.moma.org Assistant, Department of Architecture and Design, The Distributed in the Museum of Modern Art. United States and Canada by ARTBOOK | D.A.P., New York With essays by Pedro Gadanho, David Harvey, Ricky Burdett, 155 Sixth Avenue, 2nd floor, Saskia Sassen, Teddy Cruz, and New York, New York 10013 Nader Tehrani. www.artbook.com With design scenarios by Distributed outside the international collaboratives United States and Canada by especially brought together for Thames & Hudson Ltd the project: 181A High Holborn, Hong Kong: MAP Office, Hong Kong, London WC1V 7QX and Network Architecture Lab, www.thamesandhudson.com Columbia University, New York How can we address the rising social and spatial inequality produced by Istanbul: Superpool, Istanbul, an ever-growing planetary urban- and Atelier d’Architecture ization? On the occasion of a major Autogérée, Paris exhibition at The Museum of Modern Art, this publication brings together Lagos: NLÉ, Lagos and Amsterdam, three approaches to this crucial and Zoohaus/Inteligencias issue: critical essays by key authors Colectivas, Madrid in urban thinking today, including David Harvey, Saskia Sassen, and Mumbai: URBZ: user-generated Ricky Burdett; highlights from cities, Mumbai, and Ensamble Studio/ an ongoing participatory survey on MIT-POPlab, Madrid and Cambridge tactical urbanisms around the globe; and new design scenarios for the New York: SITU Studio, New York, future of six world megacities—Hong and Cohabitation Strategies Kong, Istanbul, Lagos, Mumbai, (CohStra), Rotterdam and New York New York, and Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro: RUA Arquitetos, Uneven Growth: Tactical Urbanisms Rio de Janeiro, and MAS Urban for Expanding Megacities is the Design, ETH Zurich third project in MoMA’s Issues in Contemporary Architecture series, following Rising Currents: Projects 168 pp.; 291 color reproductions for New York’s Waterfront (2010) and Foreclosed: Rehousing the American Dream (2012). UNEVEN GROWTH Tactical Urbanisms for Expanding Megacities Pedro Gadanho The Museum of Modern Art, New York Published in conjunction with the exhibition Published by 7 Foreword DESIGN SCENARIOS AND Uneven Growth: Tactical Urbanisms for Expanding The Museum of Modern Art Glenn D. Lowry TACTICAL URBANISMS Megacities, at The Museum of Modern Art, 11 West 53 Street, New York, New York, November 22, 2014–May 10, 2015, New York 10019 organized by Pedro Gadanho, Curator, www.moma.org 9 Foreword 66 Hong Kong with Phoebe Springstubb, Curatorial Assistant, Christoph Thun-Hohenstein MAP Office, Hong Kong Department of Architecture and Design. Distributed in the Network Architecture Lab, United States and Canada Uneven Growth: Tactical Urbanisms by ARTBOOK | D.A.P., New York 11 Preface Columbia University, New York for Expanding Megacities is organized by Barry Bergdoll The Museum of Modern Art, New York, in 155 Sixth Avenue, 2nd floor, 80 TACTICAL URBANISMS: collaboration with MAK – Austrian Museum New York, New York 10013 14 Mirroring Uneven Growth: EAST ASIA of Applied Arts / Contemporary Art, Vienna. www.artbook.com A Speculation on Tomorrow’s This is the third exhibition in the series Issues Distributed outside the Cities Today 82 Istanbul in Contemporary Architecture, supported by United States and Canada Pedro Gadanho Superpool, Istanbul Andre Singer. by Thames & Hudson Ltd Atelier d’Architecture Autogérée, Paris The exhibition and accompanying workshop 181A High Holborn, 26 The Crisis of Planetary Urbanization at MoMA PS1 were made possible by MoMA’s London WC1V 7QX David Harvey 96 TACTICAL URBANISMS: Wallis Annenberg Fund for Innovation in www.thamesandhudson.com EUROPE Contemporary Art through the Annenberg 32 Accretion and Rupture in Foundation. Cover and back cover: Tuca Vieira. the Global City 98 Lagos Major support is provided by The International Paraisópolis favela bordering Ricky Burdett NLÉ, Lagos and Amsterdam Council of The Museum of Modern Art. the affluent district of Morumbi, Zoohaus/Inteligencias Colectivas, Madrid São Paulo. 2008 40 Additional funding is provided by the Complex and Incomplete: MoMA Annual Exhibition Fund. Printed in Turkey Spaces for Tactical Urbanism 112 TACTICAL URBANISMS: Saskia Sassen AFRICA Support for this publication is provided by the Dale S. and Norman Mills Leff Publication Fund. 48 Rethinking Uneven Growth: It’s About 114 Mumbai Inequality, Stupid URBZ: user-generated cities, Mumbai Produced by the Department of Publications, Teddy Cruz Ensamble Studio/MIT-POPlab, Madrid and The Museum of Modern Art, New York Cambridge Edited by Ron Broadhurst 56 Urban Challenges: Specifications Designed by Project Projects of Form and the Indeterminacy of 128 TACTICAL URBANISMS: Production by Hannah Kim Public Reception SOUTH ASIA Printed and bound by Nader Tehrani Ofset Yapimevi, Istanbul 130 New York This book is typeset in Marr Sans and SITU Studio, New York Besley 2-line Grotesque Outline. Cohabitation Strategies (CohStra), Rotterdam and The paper is 120 gsm Alkim uncoated. New York © 2014 The Museum of Modern Art, 144 TACTICAL URBANISMS: New York NORTH AMERICA Copyright credits for certain illustrations and texts are cited on p. 165. 146 Rio de Janeiro All rights reserved RUA Arquitetos, Rio de Janeiro MAS Urban Design, ETH Zurich Library of Congress Control Number: 2014949058 160 TACTICAL URBANISMS: ISBN: 978-0-87070-914-2 LATIN AMERICA 162 Project Credits 166 Acknowledgments 168 Trustees of The Museum of Modern Art Preface The Museum of Modern Art is a most pressing issues facing society was the result of a three-month-long laboratory: in its experiments the today. The goal is to make manifest workshop held at a studio space at public is invited to participate. that the design professions have MoMA PS1, in which teams assem- —Alfred H. Barr, Jr., in Art in Our Time, much to offer at the first stages of bled for interdisciplinary collabo- 19391 framing issues rather than only late rations alternating long hours of in the game once other modes of teamwork with critiques by invited From its founding, the Department thinking and planning have worked experts in a range of disciplines from of Architecture and Design has been through a set of problems. In contrast hydraulics to public transportation. associated not only with recording with the more normative demeanor Two years later, in Foreclosed: the changing face of architecture of exhibiting architectural practice, Rehousing the American Dream and the expanded capacity of the this is an activist curatorial mode, (2012), the same approach was architectural profession, but also one that complements what I have staged to address the challenges advocating for change. In the inau- elsewhere labeled the reactive mode of the urban fringe of five American gural show, which coined the term of exhibition.2 In such a mode, rather cities hard hit by the subprime “International Style,” Henry-Russell than waiting for others to take the mortgage crisis and the tsunami Hitchcock and Philip Johnson, along lead, the museum instigates and of foreclosures that came in its with Alfred Barr, set out to direct takes risks, setting problems that the wake. Again interdisciplinary teams American architecture, not the least status quo or the marketplace do not were tasked with thinking about an in a section developed by Lewis formulate, committing to showing urbanization of older suburbs that Mumford on the housing crisis of the experimental results that do not yet might ameliorate specific places and early years of the Great Depression. exist. Rising Currents: Projects for reopen the debate on the place of In the late 1960s and 1970s again the New York’s Waterfront was the first housing and transportation in the pri- museum experimented overtly with workshop/exhibition in that laborato- vatized development economy of the the laboratory metaphor, notably in rial series, of which Uneven Growth, United States. Borrowing a line from 1967 inviting a set of university-led presented here, is now the third Chicago mayor Rahm Emmanuel, teams of architects to consider urban iteration.3 then White House chief of staff, it solutions that could be alternatives With Rising Currents, the museum was important for the design culture to the then reigning doctrine of urban served in an all but unprecedented of the museum never to let a good renewal. Four areas of Manhattan way as the incubator rather than the crisis go to waste.4 and the nearby Bronx were chosen as mirror of new ideas. These ideas were For the third edition in the series, test cases for working with existing intended not only for instigating a Pedro Gadanho has turned to a crisis fabric rather than wholesale bulldoz- debate on New York City’s relation- every bit as global, threatening, and ing to provide a new way of looking, ship to the sea level rise—something daunting as rising sea levels, namely making, and thinking about the city, made potently evident almost two accelerated income discrepancy, the results displayed in 1967 as The years to the day after the show’s a polarization of wealth and poverty New City. closing when Superstorm Sandy that can be read in various ways in Initiated in 2009, the Issues in struck the region—but also to provide our rapidly urbanizing planet. By now Contemporary Architecture series ideas and images that might help acti- everyone knows that a threshold was aims to revive that lapsed legacy, and vate the debate for the millions and reached a few years ago when the to find again innovative ways for a millions of people worldwide living UN reported than for the first time in museum to engage with some of the in floodable zones. Rising Currents recorded history more than half the 11 world’s population lives in cities. By of Rio de Janeiro—are here to stay might be combined.