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Philosophy 576: Topics in Social and Polical Philosophy Winter 2012 Prof. Elizabeth S. Anderson Phone: 763‐2118 Angell Hall 2239 email:[email protected] Office Hours: MW 2‐3 and by appointment Course Webpage at CTools: hps://ctools.umich.edu/ Course Descripon The theme of this offering of PHIL 576 is egalitarianism, with an emphasis on foundaonal issues (on what basis can we be said to be equals?) and on the relaons of equality to freedom and bondage. In the historical poron of this course we will read important but largely neglected works, focusing on the origins and legacies of the "radical enlightenment," beginning with the Levellers and culminang in a study of the Haian revoluon, which established the first state founded on radical enlightenment principles of universal freedom and human rights. We will also consider crics of egalitarian thought. The second part of the course will turn to various contemporary egalitarians and their crics. Course Readings Most required readings are available online at CTools, which will also contain the syllabus, announcements, and other materials relevant to the course. However, some books are not available in online form and should be ordered: Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, Polical Wrings, ed. Michael Sonenscher (Hacke, 2003). Denis Diderot, Polical Wrings, ed. John Mason and Robert Wokler, eds. (Cambridge University Press, 1992). Laurent Dubois and John Garrigus, Slave Revoluon in the Caribbean, 1789‐1804: A Brief History with Documents (Bedford/St. Marn’s, 2006). John Kekes, The Illusions of Egalitarianism (Cornell University Press, 2003). In addion, although the following texts are available online, you may find it convenient to obtain hard copies of the following: Baron de Montesquieu, Persian Leers (1721). Edmund Burke, Reflecons on the Revoluon in France (Hacke, 1987). William Graham Sumner, What Social Classes Owe to Each Other (1883). Course Requirements As this is a seminar, all students must come prepared to discuss the readings each week. Each student will be responsible for making at least one oral presentaon introducing the readings for each week. All students must turn in 30 pages of wring that engages the readings for this course. You may write a single 30 page paper, but any combinaon of papers totaling at least 30 pages and including at least 1 paper at least 10 pages long will be accepted for credit at any me in the term. I encourage you to exercise the mul‐paper opon and to turn in at least one paper before the end of the term.

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Philosophy 576: Topics in Social and Polical Philosophy Winter 2012

Jan. 10: Levellers

An Agreement of the People (1647). The Putney Debates (3 days of debates were recorded; read the last 2 days‐‐Oct. 29 and Nov. 1, 1647. Rainsborough, Sexby, Everard, Wildman, Pey, and Cowling represent the Levellers. Cromwell and Ireton represent the Grandees.). Look here for background on the debates. John Lilburne, "The Freeman's Freedom Vindicated" (postscript) (wrien from Newgate Prison, 1646). Richard Overton, "An Arrow Shot at All Tyrants" (1646). Peon of Women, Affecters and Approvers of the Peon of Sept. 11, 1648 (1649). (Although the editor of this 1938 edion, Arthur Woodhouse, doubted that this peon was wrien by women, recent scholars suggest that its author was Katherine Chidley.) For comparison, consider Gerrard Winstanley, William Everard, et al., The True Levellers Standard Advanced (1649) (a "Digger" document, well to the "le" of the Levellers). The Heads of the Proposals Offered by the Army (1647) The Grandees' conservave posion, to contrast with the Levellers' Agreement of the People).

Jan. 17: Spinoza and Spinozism

Spinoza, Theological‐Polical Trease (1670), Preface, ch. 16‐20. Spinoza, A Polical Trease, ch. XI, “Of Democracy” (1677). Baron D’Holbach (Paul Henri Thiry), The System of Nature, or, Laws of the Moral and Physical World (1770), Preface and Appendix. Samuel Clarke, “A discourse concerning the being and aributes of God, the obligaons of natural religion . . . In answer to Mr. Hobbes, Spinoza, . . . and other deniers of . . . religion,” Boyle Lectures (1705).

Recommended Addional Reading:

Edwin Curley, “"Kissinger, Spinoza and Genghis Khan," in Don Garre, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Spinoza (Cambridge University Press, 1996). Steven Nadler, A Book Forged in Hell: Spinoza’s Scandalous Trease and the Birth of the Secular Age (Princeton University Press, 2011). Jonathan Israel, A Revoluon of the Mind: Radical Enlightenment and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Democracy (Princeton University Press, 2010).

Jan. 24: Feminism

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Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu, Persian Leers (1721). Marie‐Jean‐Antoine‐Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet, On the Admission of Women to the Rights of Cizenship (1790). Declaraon of the Rights of Man and Cizen, 26 August 1789. Olympe de Gouges, Declaraon of the Rights of Woman and the Female Cizen (1791). Women’s Peon to the Naonal Assembly (1791). Mary Wollstonecra, A Vindicaon of the Rights of Women (1792), Ch. IX: "Of the Pernicious Effects which Arise from the Unnatural Disncons in Society."

Recommended Addional Reading: François Poullain de la Barre, Three Cartesian Feminist Treases [“On the Equality of the Two Sexes” (1673), “On the Educaon of Ladies” (1674), “On the Excellence of Men” (1675)], ed. Marcelle Welch, tr. Vivien Bosley (University of Chicago Press: 2002). The Marchioness de Lambert, New Reflecons on Women (1727), tr. Ellen McNiven Hine (Peter Lang, 1995). Catharine Macaulay, Leers on Educaon (1790). Thomas Paine, An Occasional Leer on the Female Sex (1775). Judith Sargent Murray, “On the Equality of the Sexes,” Massachuses Magazine 2 (1790).

Jan. 31: French Revoluon 1: Sieyès, June 17, 1789 (Naonal Assembly Formed) and August 4, 1789 (Abolion of Feudalism)

Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, An Essay on Privileges (1788) in Polical Wrings. Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, What is the Third Estate? (1789) in Polical Wrings. Decree of the Naonal Assembly Abolishing the Feudal System, August 11, 1789.

Recommended Addional Reading: William Sewell, Jr., A Rhetoric of Bourgeois Revoluon (Duke University Press, 1994). Simon Schama, Cizens: A Chronicle of the French Revoluon (Vintage, 1990).

Feb. 7: French Revoluon 2: Radicals vs. Counter‐Enlightenment

Richard Price, A Discourse on the Love of Our Country, delivered on Nov. 4, 1789, at the Meeng‐House in the Old Jewry, to the Society for Commemorang the Revoluon in Britain (ignore Appendix). Edmund Burke, Reflecons on the Revoluon in France (1789‐90). Catharine Macaulay, Observaons on the Reflecons of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke, on the Revoluon in France, in a Leer to the Right Hon. the Earl of Stanhope (1790). Recommended Addional Reading: Thomas Paine, Rights of Man, Being an Answer to Mr. Burke’s Aack on the French Revoluon (1791). Joseph Priestly, Leers to the Right Honourable Edmund Burke, occasioned by his Reflecons on the Revoluon in France (1791).

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Darrin McMahon, Enemies of the Enlightenment: The French Counter‐Enlightenment and the Making of Modernity (Oxford University Press, 2001).

Feb. 14: Enlightenment, Imperialism, and Bondage

Louis XIV, Code Noir, edict of 1685. Abbé Raynal [and Denis Diderot], Philosophical and Polical History of the Selements and Trade of the Europeans in the East and West Indies (1770), selecon. Denis Diderot, Philosophical and Polical History of the Selements and Trade of the Europeans in the East and West Indies, addional selecons in Diderot: Polical Wrings (Cambridge University Press, 1992). Viefville des Essars, On the Emancipaon of the Negroes (1790). Louis Sala‐Molins, Dark Side of the Light: Slavery and the French Enlightenment, tr. John Conteh‐Morgan (University of Minnesota Press, 2006), ch. 1. Recommended Addional Reading: Sankar Muthu, Enlightenment Against Empire (Princeton University Press, 2003).

Feb. 21: The Haian Revoluon (1)

Laurent Dubois and John Garrigus, Slave Revoluon in the Caribbean, 1789‐1804: A Brief History with Documents (Bedford/St. Marn’s, 2006).

Recommended Addional Reading:

Laurent Dubois, Avengers of the New World (Duke University Press, 2004). C. L. R. James, The Black Jacobins (Vintage, 1963 [1938]). Anna Julia Cooper, Slavery and the French and Haian Revoluonists, ed. and tr. Frances Richardson Keller (Rowman & Lilefield, 2006 [1925]).

Mar. 6: The Haian Revoluon (2)

Laurent Dubois, “An Enslaved Enlightenment: Rethinking the Intellectual History of the French Enlightenment,” Social History 31 (2006). Susan Buck‐Morss, “Hegel and Hai,” Crical Inquiry 26 (2000): 821‐865.

Georg W. F. Hegel, "Lordship and Bondage," from The Phenomenology of Mind (1807). Georg W. F. Hegel, The Philosophy of Right, § 57 (1821) (the link is to a longer secon, but § 57 is the crical one for our purposes).

Recommended Addional Reading: Nick Nesbi, Universal Emancipaon: The Haian Revoluon and the Radical Enlightenment (University of Virginia Press, 2008).

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Mar. 13: Crique of Egalitarianism (1): Sumner

William Graham Sumner, What Social Classes Owe to Each Other (1883). Thomas Paine, Agrarian Jusce (1797). Recommended Addional Readings:

Thomas Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Populaon, (6th ed. 1826) vol. 2: Bk. III, ch. 5‐6, Bk. IV, ch. 1‐2, 8. Nassau Senior, Poor Law Commissioners' Report of 1834. Herbert Spencer, "The Proper Sphere of Government," in The Man versus the State, with Six Essays on Government, Society, and Freedom (1884), leers 2‐4. Herbert Spencer, "From Freedom to Bondage," in Thomas Mackay, ed., A Plea for Liberty: An Argument Against Socialism and Socialisc Legislaon (1891) (predicng that social democracy would inevitably degenerate into totalitarianism).

Mar. 20: Crique of Egalitarianism (2): Kekes (+ talk)

First ½ session: 2:30‐4:00

John Kekes, The Illusions of Egalitarianism (Cornell University Press, 2003), ch. 1‐6.

Recommended Addional Readings:

Friedrich Hayek, The Road to Serfdom (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1944) (modern version of Spencer's "From Freedom to Bondage"). Lawrence Mead, Beyond Entlement: The Social Obligaons of Cizenship (New York: Free Press, 1986) (modern version of Malthus's and Spencer's moral arguments regarding poverty and welfare, without the theory of populaon). Second ½ session: Phyllis Rooney, “Feminist Intervenons in the Sciences and in Epistemology: Significant Parallels” 4‐5:30 Lane Hall 2239

Mar. 27: Luck Egalitarianism and Le‐Libertarianism as Replies to Conservave Criques of Equality

Ronald Dworkin, “What is Equality? Part 2: Equality of Resources,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 10 (1981): 283–345. Michael Otsuka, “Self‐Ownership and Equality: A Lockean Reconciliaon,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 27.1 (1998): 65‐92. Recommended Addional Readings:

Le‐Libertarianism:

Henry George, Progress and Poverty (1879).

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Hillel Steiner, “How Equality Maers.” Social Philosophy and Policy 19.1 (2002): 342–56. Peter Vallentyne and Hillel Steiner, eds., Le‐Libertarianism and Its Crics: The Contemporary Debate (Houndmills: Palgrave, 2004). Luck Egalitarianism: Richard Arneson, “Equality and Equality of Opportunity for Welfare,” in Louis Pojman and Robert Westmoreland, eds., Equality: Selected Readings (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997). Richard Arneson, “Equality of Opportunity Defended and Recanted,” Journal of Polical Philosophy 7 (1999): 488–97. Richard Arneson, “Welfare Should be the Currency of Jusce,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 30 (2000): 497–524. G.A. Cohen, Rescuing Jusce and Equality (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 2008). Ronald Dworkin, “What is Equality? Part 1: Equality of Welfare,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 10 (1981): 185–246 (see esp. secon VIII). Roland Pierik and Ingrid Robeyns, “Resources Versus Capabilies: Social Endowments in Egalitarian Theory,” Polical Studies 55 (2007): 133–52. Eric Rakowski, Equal Jusce (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991). John Roemer, “A Pragmac Theory of Responsibility for the Egalitarian Planner,” in Egalitarian Perspecves (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994).

Apr. 3: Crique of Luck Egalitarianism and Le‐Libertarianism

Elizabeth Anderson, "What is the Point of Equality?" Ethics 109 (1999): 287‐337. Elizabeth Anderson, “The Fundamental Disagreement between Luck Egalitarians and Relaonal Egalitarians,” forthcoming, Canadian Journal of Philosophy. Barbara Fried, “Le‐Libertarianism: A Review Essay,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 32.1 (2004): 66‐92.

Recommended Addional Readings:

Marc Fleurbaey, “Egalitarian Opportunies,” Law and Philosophy 20 (2001): 499–530. Susan Hurley, Jusce, Luck, and Knowledge (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003). Carl Knight, “In Defence of Luck Egalitarianism.” Res Publica 11.1 (2005). Hugh Lazenby, “One Kiss Too Many? Giving, Luck Egalitarianism and Other‐Affecng Choice,” Journal of Polical Philosophy (2009). Arthur Ripstein, Equality, Responsibility, and the Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999). Mathias Risse and Michael Blake, “Two Models of Equality and Responsibility,” Candian Journal of Philosophy 38 (2008): 165–200. Samual Scheffler, “Choice, Circumstance and the Value of Equality,” Polics, Philosophy & Economics 4 (2005): 5–28. Seana Shiffrin, “Egalitarianism, Choice‐Sensivity, and Accommodaon,” in Jay Wallace, ed., Reason and

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Value: Themes from the Moral Philosophy of Joseph Raz (Oxford: Clarendon, 2004). Peter Vallentyne, Hillel Steiner, and Michael Otsuka, “Why Le‐Libertarianism is Not Incoherent, Indeterminate, or Irrelevant: Reply to Fried,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 33.2 (2005): 201‐215.

Apr. 10: Crique of Egalitarianism (3): Equality: Irreducibly Diverse, Valueless, or Eliminable?

Joseph Raz, “On the Value of Distrbuve Equality,” Oxford Legal Research Paper 41/2008, 2008. Hp://ssrn.com/abstract=1288545. Harry Frankfurt, "Equality as a Moral Ideal," Ethics 98 (1987): 21‐43. Larry Temkin, “Egalitarianism Defended,” Ethics 113 (2003): 764–82. Jeremy Waldron, “Does Equal Moral Status Add anything to Right Reason?,” paper delivered to APSA, 2004. Tim Scanlon, “When Does Equality Maer?” UCLA Legal Theory Workshop, Feb. 26, 2009.

Recommended Addional Readings:

Elizabeth Anderson, “Equality,” forthcoming, in David Estlund, ed. Oxford Handbook in Polical Philosophy (Oxford UP). Nancy Fraser, “From Redistribuon to Recognion? Dilemmas of Jusce in a ‘Postsocialist’ Age,” in Jusce Interruptus (New York: Routledge, 1997), 13‐39. Nancy Fraser, "Aer the Family Wage: Gender Equity and the Welfare State," Polical Theory 22 (1994): 591‐618.

Apr. 17: Equality and Dignity

Jeremy Waldron, “Basic Equality,” (2008). Jeremy Waldron, “Dignity and Rank,” Tanner Lectures on Human Values (2009), Lecture 1. Jeremy Waldron, “Law, Dignity, and Self‐Control,” Tanner Lectures on Human Values (2009), Lecture 2. Don Herzog, “Aristocrac Dignity,” commentary on Waldron’s Tanner Lectures (2009).

Recommended Addional Readings:

Christopher McCrudden, “Human Dignity,” Oxford Legal Studies Research Paper No. 10 (2006), hp://ssrn.com/abstract=899687. Steven Pinker, “The Stupidity of Dignity: Conservave Bioethics’ Latest, Most Dangerous Ploy,” The New Republic May 28 2008. Michael Rosen, Dignity: Its History and Meaning (Harvard University Press, 2012).

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