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The Science of String Instruments
The Science of String Instruments Thomas D. Rossing Editor The Science of String Instruments Editor Thomas D. Rossing Stanford University Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA) Stanford, CA 94302-8180, USA [email protected] ISBN 978-1-4419-7109-8 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-7110-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7110-4 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer ScienceþBusiness Media (www.springer.com) Contents 1 Introduction............................................................... 1 Thomas D. Rossing 2 Plucked Strings ........................................................... 11 Thomas D. Rossing 3 Guitars and Lutes ........................................................ 19 Thomas D. Rossing and Graham Caldersmith 4 Portuguese Guitar ........................................................ 47 Octavio Inacio 5 Banjo ...................................................................... 59 James Rae 6 Mandolin Family Instruments........................................... 77 David J. Cohen and Thomas D. Rossing 7 Psalteries and Zithers .................................................... 99 Andres Peekna and Thomas D. -
WORKSHOP: Around the World in 30 Instruments Educator’S Guide [email protected]
WORKSHOP: Around The World In 30 Instruments Educator’s Guide www.4shillingsshort.com [email protected] AROUND THE WORLD IN 30 INSTRUMENTS A MULTI-CULTURAL EDUCATIONAL CONCERT for ALL AGES Four Shillings Short are the husband-wife duo of Aodh Og O’Tuama, from Cork, Ireland and Christy Martin, from San Diego, California. We have been touring in the United States and Ireland since 1997. We are multi-instrumentalists and vocalists who play a variety of musical styles on over 30 instruments from around the World. Around the World in 30 Instruments is a multi-cultural educational concert presenting Traditional music from Ireland, Scotland, England, Medieval & Renaissance Europe, the Americas and India on a variety of musical instruments including hammered & mountain dulcimer, mandolin, mandola, bouzouki, Medieval and Renaissance woodwinds, recorders, tinwhistles, banjo, North Indian Sitar, Medieval Psaltery, the Andean Charango, Irish Bodhran, African Doumbek, Spoons and vocals. Our program lasts 1 to 2 hours and is tailored to fit the audience and specific music educational curriculum where appropriate. We have performed for libraries, schools & museums all around the country and have presented in individual classrooms, full school assemblies, auditoriums and community rooms as well as smaller more intimate settings. During the program we introduce each instrument, talk about its history, introduce musical concepts and follow with a demonstration in the form of a song or an instrumental piece. Our main objective is to create an opportunity to expand people’s understanding of music through direct expe- rience of traditional folk and world music. ABOUT THE MUSICIANS: Aodh Og O’Tuama grew up in a family of poets, musicians and writers. -
A Violin by Jacobus Stainer 1679
146 A VIOLIN BY JACOBUS STAINER 1679 Roger Hargrave examines the construction and workmanship of this violin, which still retains its original undisturbed baroque neck. Roger Hargrave se penche sur la construction et la the necessary experience. facon d'un violon Jacobus Stainer, 1679, qui conserve Earlier Füssen in the Allgäu might have been a con - son manche baroque original encore intact. sideration, however, the ravages of the thirty years Roger Hargrave untersucht den Bau and die war had left Füssen bereft of skilled instrument mak - Machart einer Violine von Jacobus Stainer, 1679, ers, most of whom had found refuge in Italy and deren ursprünglicher barocker Hals unversehrt in particular in Venice, Rome and Padua. erhalten ist. Experts seem to agree that Stainer learned Jacobus Stainer is one of the very few non - his trade in Italy. And although this agree - Italian violin makers whose life and work have ment mostly rests on analogies of Stainer's been seriously researched. work, it is also known (from his writings) that he was familiar with the language. Furthermore, There have been a number of important publi - there are several oral traditions relating to an cations, most of which have drawn upon the Italian apprenticeship. As might be expected scholarly research work of the late Professor however these oral traditions are contra - Dr. Walter Senn. However, in spite of dictory, on the one hand saying that Senn's magnificent efforts, several im - Stainer worked in Venice and on the portant questions remain unanswered, other that he worked in Cremona. the exact dates of Stainer's birth and death, whether he used both written and Although Senn seems to have been printed labels, and undoubtedly the most convinced that Stainer . -
Ron Block Hogan's House of Music Liner Notes Smartville (Ron Block
Ron Block Hogan’s House of Music Liner Notes Smartville (Ron Block, Moonlight Canyon Publishing, BMI) Barry Bales - bass Ron Block - banjo, rhythm and lead guitar Tim Crouch - fiddle Jerry Douglas - Dobro Stuart Duncan – fiddle Clay Hess - rhythm guitar Adam Steffey – mandolin Hogan’s House of Boogie (Ron Block, Moonlight Canyon Publishing, BMI) Ron Block – banjo, rhythm and lead guitar Sam Bush - mandolin Jerry Douglas – Dobro Byron House - bass Dan Tyminski – rhythm guitar Lynn Williams – snare Wolves A-Howling (Traditional) Barry Bales - bass Ron Block - banjo Stuart Duncan - fiddle Adam Steffey - mandolin Dan Tyminski - rhythm guitar The Spotted Pony (Traditional, arr. Ron Block, Moonlight Canyon Publishing, BMI) Barry Bales - bass Ron Block - banjo, rhythm and lead guitar Stuart Duncan – fiddle Sierra Hull – octave mandolin Alison Krauss - fiddle Adam Steffey – mandolin Dan Tyminski - rhythm guitar Lynn Williams – snare Clinch Mountain Backstep (Ralph Stanley) Barry Bales - bass Ron Block - banjo, rhythm and lead guitar Stuart Duncan – fiddle Clay Hess - rhythm guitar Adam Steffey – mandolin Gentle Annie (Stephen Foster) Ron Block – banjo, guitar Tim Crouch – fiddles, cello, bowed bass Mark Fain - bass Sierra Hull – octave mandolins Mooney Flat Road (Ron Block, Moonlight Canyon Publishing, BMI) Barry Bales - bass Ron Block - banjo, rhythm and lead guitar Stuart Duncan – fiddle Sierra Hull – octave mandolin Alison Krauss - fiddle Adam Steffey – mandolin Jeff Taylor - accordion Dan Tyminski - rhythm guitar Lynn Williams – snare Mollie -
Shin Akimoto Alan Bibey Sharon Gilchrist
Class list is preliminary- subject to change Shin Akimoto Monroe Style (I) Rhythm Playing (AB) Bluegrass in Japan (All) Alan Bibey No, you backup (AB-I) Playing fills and how to play behind a vocalist Classic Bluegrass Mandolin breaks (I-A) Road to improv (I-A) Classic Monroe licks (AB-I) Spice Up your playing with triplets (I-A) Sharon Gilchrist Closed Position Fingering for Playing Melodies in All 12-Keys: (AB-I) Learn a couple of easy patterns on the fretboard that allow you to play melodies in all 12 keys easily. This is what a lot of mandolin players are using all the time and it's easy! Closed Position means using no open strings. Basic Double Stop Series: (AB-I) Double stops are one of the mandolin's signature sounds. In this class, we will learn a basic double stop series that moves up and down the neck for both major and minor chords. Freeing Up the Right Hand (B-I) This class is geared towards folks who have learned a number of fiddle tunes and have gotten pretty comfortable playing those melodies but are wondering how to speed them up a bit or breathe a little more life into them now. It is also for folks who might have been playing for a while but still struggle with speed and flow in performance of their tunes. Backing Up a Singer: (I-A) Using double stops and licks to create back up that allows the lead vocal to remain front and center while enhancing the story of the song. -
2018–2019 Annual Report
18|19 Annual Report Contents 2 62 From the Chairman of the Board Ensemble Connect 4 66 From the Executive and Artistic Director Digital Initiatives 6 68 Board of Trustees Donors 8 96 2018–2019 Concert Season Treasurer’s Review 36 97 Carnegie Hall Citywide Consolidated Balance Sheet 38 98 Map of Carnegie Hall Programs Administrative Staff Photos: Harding by Fadi Kheir, (front cover) 40 101 Weill Music Institute Music Ambassadors Live from Here 56 Front cover photo: Béla Fleck, Edgar Meyer, by Stephanie Berger. Stephanie by Chris “Critter” Eldridge, and Chris Thile National Youth Ensembles in Live from Here March 9 Daniel Harding and the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra February 14 From the Chairman of the Board Dear Friends, In the 12 months since the last publication of this annual report, we have mourned the passing, but equally importantly, celebrated the lives of six beloved trustees who served Carnegie Hall over the years with the utmost grace, dedication, and It is my great pleasure to share with you Carnegie Hall’s 2018–2019 Annual Report. distinction. Last spring, we lost Charles M. Rosenthal, Senior Managing Director at First Manhattan and a longtime advocate of These pages detail the historic work that has been made possible by your support, Carnegie Hall. Charles was elected to the board in 2012, sharing his considerable financial expertise and bringing a deep love and further emphasize the extraordinary progress made by this institution to of music and an unstinting commitment to helping the aspiring young musicians of Ensemble Connect realize their potential. extend the reach of our artistic, education, and social impact programs far beyond In August 2019, Kenneth J. -
Inside the World of Taylor Guitars / Volume 85 Summer 2016
The Taylor Neck Anatomy of a pitch-perfect design Rosewood Revisited The redesigned 700 Series Doobie Brother Pat Simmons Acoustic fingerstyle meets classic rock Dynamic Dreadnoughts 7 must-play models Baritone Basics Expand your musical palette 2 www.taylorguitars.com | dreamed of being involved with forest home I like to play and write with 11s. VOLUME 85 SUMMER 2016 development/management in the way So my answer? Buy another Taylor! I’m Full Recovery Taylor Guitars has been. thinking a new 710e or maybe even Letters The attached photo is of my 2014 First Edition 810e, just as it was Your response to Mr. McKee’s 810e... I’m a sucker for a dreadnought found, 13 days after our home was burglarized and it was stolen. I live in > CONTENTS < Find us on Facebook. Subscribe on YouTube. Follow us on Twitter: @taylorguitars inquiries re-affirmed everything I’ve and love the rosewood/spruce combo. Concord, Vermont, way up in the northeast corner of our state and just ever believed about our inherent I’m very excited for my next purchase! across the Connecticut River from Littleton, New Hampshire. Northern responsibility for good stewardship of Keep making these amazing instru- Lights Music in Littleton is where I fell in love with this guitar and purchased these precious natural resources. Good ments — I’m a fan and Taylor emissary it. Dan and Moocho Salomon at Northern Lights were phenomenal, as stewardship does not mean we — as for life. always, and their beautiful shop is a perfect place for a guitar nut to get lost the human beings whose lives and Kirk O’Brien FEATURES COLUMNS in. -
Voices of the Electric Guitar
California State University, Monterey Bay Digital Commons @ CSUMB Capstone Projects and Master's Theses 2012 Voices of the electric guitar Don Curnow California State University, Monterey Bay Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/caps_thes Recommended Citation Curnow, Don, "Voices of the electric guitar" (2012). Capstone Projects and Master's Theses. 369. https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/caps_thes/369 This Capstone Project is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ CSUMB. It has been accepted for inclusion in Capstone Projects and Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ CSUMB. Unless otherwise indicated, this project was conducted as practicum not subject to IRB review but conducted in keeping with applicable regulatory guidance for training purposes. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Voices of the Electric Guitar Don Curnow MPA 475 12-12-12 Intro The solid body electric guitar is the result of many guitars and innovations that came before it, followed by the guitar's need for volume to compete with louder instruments, particularly when soloing. In the 1930s, jazz and its various forms incorporated the guitar, but at the time there was no way for an acoustic guitar to compete with the volume of a trumpet or saxophone, let alone with an orchestra of trumpets and saxophones, such as in big band jazz. As a result, amplification of the guitar was born and the electric guitar has been evolving since, from a hollow bodied ES-150 arch-top with a pick-up used by Charlie Christian to the Les Paul played by Slash today. -
Electric Octave Mandolin Conversion
Search Conversion of an electric mini-guitar to electric octave Where is it? mandolin by Randy Cordle Active Completed electric octave mandolin Expand All | Contract All A B C D E F G H I Shown is an electric octave mandolin that started its life as a $99 mini-guitar. Total cost J was approximately $200 with the additional cost of items used in the conversion. The K conversion process is fairly simple, and can be done with the information given here if L you have some basic woodworking skills and a few basic power tools. A drill press and 4" M tabletop belt sander were the primary tools that I used that may not be in everyone's shop, N but the project could be done using other methods. O P–Q Electric octave mandolin specifications R 22-7/8" scale S GG-DD-AA-EE unison pair tuning T Width of neck at nut is 36mm, 12th fret width is 47mm U–V Width between outer string pairs at bridge is 52mm String pair center distance is 3mm W–X Y–Z Additional parts and where they were obtained Inactive Schaller A-style mandolin tuners - $40, First Quality Musical Supplies, also Expand All | Contract All available from Stewart-McDonald .090" white pick guard material - $9, Stewart-McDonald A Switchcraft output jack (don't use the cheap existing jack) - $5, Stewart-McDonald B 1/8" bone nut blank - $4, Stewart-McDonald C Straplok strap hardware...not necessary, but they find their way on most of my stage D instruments - $13, Stewart-McDonald Testor's "make your own decals with your ink-jet printer" kit - $6, Wal-Mart E Tru-oil gunstock finish - $6, Wal-Mart -
The Working Methods of Guarneri Del Gesů and Their Influence Upon His
45 The Working Methods of Guarneri del Gesù and their Influence upon his Stylistic Development Text and Illustrations by Roger Graham Hargrave Please take time to read this warning! Although the greatest care has been taken while compiling this site it almost certainly contains many mistakes. As such its contents should be treated with extreme caution. Neither I nor my fellow contributors can accept responsibility for any losses resulting from information or opin - ions, new or old, which are reproduced here. Some of the ideas and information have already been superseded by subsequent research and de - velopment. (I have attempted to included a bibliography for further information on such pieces) In spite of this I believe that these articles are still of considerable use. For copyright or other practical reasons it has not been possible to reproduce all the illustrations. I have included the text for the series of posters that I created for the Strad magazine. While these posters are all still available, with one exception, they have been reproduced without the original accompanying text. The Labels mentions an early form of Del Gesù label, 98 later re - jected by the Hills as spurious. 99 The strongest evi - Before closing the body of the instrument, Del dence for its existence is found in the earlier Gesù fixed his label on the inside of the back, beneath notebooks of Count Cozio Di Salabue, who mentions the bass soundhole and roughly parallel to the centre four violins by the younger Giuseppe, all labelled and line. The labels which remain in their original posi - dated, from the period 1727 to 1730. -
A History of Mandolin Construction
1 - Mandolin History Chapter 1 - A History of Mandolin Construction here is a considerable amount written about the history of the mandolin, but littleT that looks at the way the instrument e marvellous has been built, rather than how it has been 16 string ullinger played, across the 300 years or so of its mandolin from 1925 existence. photo courtesy of ose interested in the classical mandolin ony ingham, ondon have tended to concentrate on the European bowlback mandolin with scant regard to the past century of American carved instruments. Similarly many American writers don’t pay great attention to anything that happened before Orville Gibson, so this introductory chapter is an attempt to give equal weight to developments on both sides of the Atlantic and to see the story of the mandolin as one of continuing evolution with the odd revolutionary change along the way. e history of the mandolin is not of a straightforward, lineal development, but one which intertwines with the stories of guitars, lutes and other stringed instruments over the past 1000 years. e formal, musicological definition of a (usually called the Neapolitan mandolin); mandolin is that of a chordophone of the instruments with a flat soundboard and short-necked lute family with four double back (sometimes known as a Portuguese courses of metal strings tuned g’-d’-a”-e”. style); and those with a carved soundboard ese are fixed to the end of the body using and back as developed by the Gibson a floating bridge and with a string length of company a century ago. -
The Renaissance Cittern
The Renaissance Cittern Lord Aaron Drummond, OW [email protected] 1. HISTORY,DEVELOPMENT, CONSTRUC- while chromatic citterns are more associated with Italian TION and English music. [3] As far as the body of the instrument goes, citoles and ear- The Renaissance cittern most likely developed from the lier citterns had the back, ribs and neck carved from a single medieval citole. The citole was a small, flat-backed instru- block of wood with the soundboard and fingerboard being ment with four strings. It was usually depicted as having added. Later citterns were constructed from a flat back, frets and being plucked with a quill or plectrum. The citole bent ribs and separately carved neck, which cut down on in turn may have developed from a kind of ancient lyre called the materials cost. [10] Constructed citterns differ in con- a kithara by adding a fingerboard and then gradually remov- struction from lutes in that in citterns the back is made ing the (now redundant) arms. [1] The cittern may have been from a single flat piece of wood, whereas the lute has a large viewed as a revival of the ancient Greek instrument despite number (typically ten or more) of ribs which must be sep- being quite different in form. The word kithara also evolved arately bent and joined to the achieve the \bowl" shape. into the modern word guitar. This made lutes substantially more difficult to build as well Some modern instruments such as the German waldzither as more delicate than the cittern. Internally there are braces (literally `forest-cittern') and various Iberian instruments to strengthen the back and the soundboard, but like the lute, (Portuguese guitar, bandurria, etc) claim some descent from guitar, viol, etc there is no soundpost or bass bar.