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Law in Context, Vol 37, Issue 1; 2020 LA TROBE EDITORIAL BOARD

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Law in Context, Vol 37, Issue 1; 2020 LA TROBE EDITORIAL BOARD Law in Context, Vol 37, Issue 1; 2020 LA TROBE EDITORIAL BOARD Pompeu Casanovas Jianfu Chen Emma Henderson General Editor Chair of the Editorial Board Book Review Editor Kerstin Steiner Savitri Taylor David Wishart Deputy General Editor Deputy Executive Editor Executive Editor Dina Afrianty Fiona Salisbury Nicholas Morris Jeff Barnes Magda Karagiannakis Andre Oboler Susanne Davies Fiona Kelly Lola Akin Ojelabi Louis de Koker Patrick Keyzer Tarryn Phillips Anne Wallace Commissioning Editor: Darren O’Donovan Treasurer: Lisa Egan (La Trobe Law School Manager) Editorial Assistants: Meredith Jones, Daniel McIntosh, David Venema Journal Administrators: Kallirroi Stavrianou, Mustafa Hashmi INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD 1. Andrews, Penelope (La Trobe Univer- 10. Francesconi, Enrico (IGSG-CNR, Italy, 20. Tranter, Kieran (Queensland University sity, Australia) and EUR-Lex, Luxembourg) of Technology, Australia) 2. Araszkiewicz, Michal (Jagiellonian 11. Frug, Sara (Cornell University, USA) 21. Vallbé, Joan-Josep (University of Bar- University, Poland) celona, Spain) 12. Governatori, Guido (Data61, CSIRO 3. Baron, Paula (La Trobe University, and La Trobe University, Australia) 22. Valverde, Mariana (University of To- Australia) ronto, Canada) 13. Liu, Sida (University of Toronto, Canada) 4. Bennet Moses, Lyria (UNSW, Australia) 14. Montiel, Elena (Polytechnic University 23. Van Engers, Tom (University of Am- sterdam, The Netheralands) 5. Chen, Albert Hung-yee (University of of Madrid, Spain) Hong Kong, Hong Kong) 15. Noriega, Pablo (IIIA-CSIC, Spain) 24. Wang, Zhiqiong June (Western Sydney University, Australia) 6. Contini, Francesco (IGSG-CNR, Italy) 16. Pagallo, Ugo (University of Torino, Italy) 25. Wang, Jiangyu (National University of 7. Czarnota, Adam (UNSW, Australia) 17. Poblet, Marta (RMIT University, Australia) Singapore, Singapore) 8. Dignum, Virginia (Umeå University, 18. Rodríguez-Doncel, Víctor (Polytechnic 26. Wheeler, Sally (Australian National Sweeden) University of Madrid, Spain) University, Australia) 9. Fabri, Marco (IGSG-CNR, Italy) 19. Schultz, Ulrike (German National Dis- 27. Zeleznikow, John (La Trobe University, tance Teaching University, Germany) Australia) Law in Context, Vol 37, Issue 1, 2020 INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD 1. Abel, Richard (University of California Los Angeles, USA) 16. Greenleaf, Graham (UNSW, Australia) 2. Antons, Christoph (University of Newcastle, Australia) 17. Kirby, Michael (The Hon., AC CMG, Australia) 3. Arup, Christopher (Monash University, Australia) 18. Mathews, Robert (University of Hawaii, USA) 4. Ashley Kevin (University of Pittsburgh, USA) 19. Mendelson, Danuta (Deakin University, Australia) 5. Bourcier, Danièle (CNRS, France) 20. Mendelsohn, Oliver (La Trobe University, Australia) 6. Brigham, John (University of Massachussets Amherst, 21. O’Malley, Pat (Australian National University, Australia) USA) 22. Pérez-Perdomo, Rogelio ( Metropolitan University of 7. Bruce, Tom (Cornell University, USA) Caracas,Venezuela) 8. Chanock, Martin (La Trobe University, Australia) 23. Pitt, Jeremy (Imperial College, UK) 9. Di Federico, Giuseppe (IGSG -CNR, Italy) 24. Rotolo, Antonino (University of Bologna, Italy) 10. Ferrari, Vincenzo (University of Milan, Italy) 25. Sartor, Giovanni (University of Bologna, Italy) 11. Fitzpatrick, Peter † (Birkbeck, University of London, UK) 26. Scheiber, Harry N. (University of California Berkeley, USA) 12. Friedman, Lawrence (Stanford University, USA) 27. Schweighofer, Erich (University of Vienna, Austria) 13. Galanter, Marc (University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA) 28. Toharia, José Juan (Autonomous University of Madrid, 14. Garth, Bryant (University of California, Irvine, USA) Spain) 15. Goodrich, Peter (Cardozo School of Law, USA) 29. Tomasic, Roman (University of South Australia, Australia) Law in Context, Vol 37, Issue 1; 2020 ISSN: 1839-4183 TABLE OF CONTENTS Editorial: The Digital World We Will Live By 6 By Pompeu Casanovas, David Wishart and Jianfu Chen Sovereigns, Viruses, and the Law: The Normative Challenges of Pandemics in Today’s Information Societies 11 By Ugo Pagallo Knowledge Graphs: Trust, Privacy, and Transparency from a Legal Governance Approach 24 By Daniel Schwabe, Carlos Laufer, and Pompeu Casanovas Electronic Australian Elections: Verifiability of Accuracy is a Design Goal, which Must be Mandated by Law and Deliberately Designed into Electronic Electoral Processes 42 By Vanessa Teague and Patrick Keyzer Human Rights Issues in Constitutional Courts: Why Amici Curiae are Important in the U.S., and What Australia Can Learn from the U.S. Experience 66 By H. W. Perry Jr and Patrick Keyzer The Adultification of the Youth Justice System: The Victorian Experience 99 By Natalia Antolak-Saper At Play in the Field of Dreams: Theorising Attitudes, Perceptions and Practices of Law Students in conjunction with the Reflections of Early Career Commercial Lawyer 114 By Barry Yau and David Catanzariti A Law School Course in Applied Legal Analytics and AI 134 By Jaromir Savelka, Matthias Grabmair and Kevin D. Ashley Law in Context, Vol 37, Issue 1, 2020 4 ISSN: 1839-4183 Research Note: LYNX: Towards a Legal Knowledge Graph for Multilingual Europe 175 By Víctor Rodríguez-Doncel and Elena Montiel-Ponsoda Research Note: Rules as Code 179 By Matthew Waddington Book Review: Advanced Introduction to Law and Artificial Intelligence 187 By Stephanie Falconer Book Review: Anne Wesemann: Citizenship in the European Union Constitutionalism, Rights and Norms 190 By David Wishart Book Review: Can We Still Afford Human Rights? Critical Reflections on Universality, Costs and Proliferation 194 By Emma Henderson Book Review: A Lesser Species of Homicide. Death, Drivers and the Law 197 By Robert P. Brown 5 Law in Context, Vol 37, Issue 1, 2020 Received: December 26, 2020, Date of publication: January 5, 2021, DOI: http://doi.org/10.26826/law-in-context.v37i1.136 Editorial The Digital World We Will Live By By Pompeu Casanovas, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia, Orcid: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-2371 David Wishart, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia, Orcid: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-4745 Jianfu Chen, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia, Orcid: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4711-6524 ABSTRACT This editorial provides a brief description of the digital turn experienced at the beginning of this century, the side effects of Covid-19, and the twelve commitments recently laid down by the United Nations. It introduces the concepts of ‘Global Syndemic’ (or synergy of epidemics), the ‘Internet of Things’, ‘RegTech’, and ‘Knowledge Graphs’. Finally, it describesKeywords briefly – Covid-19, the articles Global includedSyndemic, in Digital this issue. turn, Internet of Things, RegTech, Knowledge Graphs Disclosure statement – No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author. License – This work is under Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-sa/4.0/ Suggested citation: P. Casanovas, D. Wishart, and J. Chen (2020). “Editorial: The Digital World We Will Live By”, Law in Context, 37 (1): 6-10, DOI: http://doi.org/10.26826/law-in-context.v37i1.136 Summary 1. The Digital World We Will Live By 2. On the Contents of this Issue: LiC 37 (1) 3. References Law in Context, Vol 37, Issue 1, 2020 6 ISSN: 1839-4183 4. THE DIGITAL WORLD WE WILL LIVE BY read them in the light of Covid-19 we will soon realise that LiC 37 (1) is the third Issue of the new Online Law in what is at stake is not just a pandemic but what health Context. It comes at the end of a year subject to all possible experts have called a global syndemic, i.e. a synergy of evaluation criteria. The year leaves a host of questions epidemics. This was already advanced by some analyses awaiting answers. In March 2020, when Covid-19 was published at The Lancet in February 2019 before Covid-19 already in evidence all over the world, Yuval N. Harari appeared in October/November of the same year, focus- (2020) wrote in the Financial Times that humanity was ing on obesity, undernutrition, and climate change. This - global syndemic “affects most people in every country and ian surveillance and citizen empowerment; the second region worldwide” and their elements “co-occur in time betweenfacing two nationalist important isolation choices, theand first global between solidarity. totalitar The and place, interact with each other to produce complex US elections in November and their aftermath seem to sequalae, and share common societal drivers” (Swinburn - et al. 2019, p. 791). From this perspective, Covid-19 and tions than explanations or answers. the global response to it has accelerated the effects of confirm this judgement but have thrown up more ques Many declarations, manifestos, predictions and com- a global change that was already happening, focusing mentaries have followed one another over the course of especially on the Internet of Things. Both threats and challenges are taking place in a dig- present crisis has been felt as an urgent need. The United itised world that is not what we expected it to be only Nationsthe past celebratedtwelve months. its 75th Reflection Anniversary on the in effects 2020. ofHow the- ever, as the UN meeting coverage underlined, what world democracy, and John Perry Barlow’s dreams in his widely twenty-five years ago. The Internet alone cannot foster leaders actually said was “we are not here to celebrate” spread Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace (1994) (UNGAa). Indeed, the Declaration
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