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Section II: Summary of the Periodic Report on the State of Conservation

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Section II: Summary of the Periodic Report on the State of Conservation State of Conservation of World Heritage Properties in Europe SECTION II characteristics and with which it is generally UNITED KINGDOM compared. ii. The virtually undisturbed condition of Gough Gough and Inaccessible Islands makes it particularly valuable for biological research. Gough is strictly managed as a Brief description Wildlife Reserve, with research and weather monitoring the only activities permitted on the The 14-km2 Inaccessible Island was added to the island. Gough Island Wildlife Reserve, in the South Atlantic, first inscribed in 1995. The site, now called iii. Gough supports two endemic landbirds, a Gough and Inaccessible Islands, is one of the least- flightless rail, the Gough Moorhen Gallinula disrupted island and marine ecosystems in the cool comeri, and the Gough Bunting Rowettia temperate zone. The spectacular cliffs of each goughensis in the monotypic genus Rowettia. island, towering above the ocean, are free of Gough is included in the Tristan da Cunha introduced mammals and homes to one of the Priority One Endemic Bird Area as defined by world's largest colonies of sea birds. Gough Island ICBP. Eight invertebrate species are known to is home to two endemic species of land birds, the be endemic to the island. Gough also supports gallinule and the Gough rowettie, as well as to 12 over 30 plant species which are endemic to the endemic species of plants, while Inaccessible Tristan da Cunha island group. Several vascular Island boasts of two birds, eight plants and at least plant species are unique to Gough, together with ten invertebrates endemic to the island. eight species of bryophytes. iv. Gough is one of the most important seabird 1. Introduction colonies of the world. The Tristan da Cunha group as a whole provides the only breeding Year(s) of Inscription 1995, 2004 place for the seabirds of a much wider range of climatic zones in the South Atlantic than is found Agency responsible for site management with comparable islands in other oceans. The • Mailing Address(es) range of species includes the Southern Giant Foreign and Commonwealth Office of the Petrel Macronectes giganteus, which breeds all United Kingdom, London around the Antarctic continent to the pantropical SW1A 2AH London Brown Noddy Anous stolidus. Following the United Kingdom extensive habitat modification on Tristan e-mail: [email protected] daCunha island, Gough is now the largest Website: not provided undisturbed island in the group and holds the largest proportion of most seabird species. Twenty seabird species breed on the island. The 2. Statement of Significance Atlantic Petrel Pterodroma incerta is endemic to Inscription Criteria N (iii) (iv) the Tristan da Cunha and Gough Islands and virtually the entire population breeds at Gough. Justification as provided by the State Party Gough is the main breeding station for a subspecies of Yellow-nosed Albatross (1994): Gough is of outstanding universal value Diomedea chlororhynchos chlororhynchos, and because: subspecies of Wandering Albatross Diomedea i. Uninhabited oceanic islands are one of the few exulans dabbenena. About half the world’s total habitats in the world that remain relatively population of the Sooty Albatross Phoebetria undisturbed and are therefore of special fusca breeds at the Tristan da Cunha and conservation significance. Gough is the largest Gough Islands, with around one quarter on scarcely modified cool-temperate island Gough. Almost half the global population of the ecosystem in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is the Northern Rockhopper Penguin Eudyptes least disturbed major temperate oceanic island chrysocome moseleyi breeds on the island. of its size in the world, and provides an Gough also supports a large proportion of the interesting southern temperate Indo-Atlantic world populations of the White-faced Storm contrast to southern subtropical Pacific Petrel Pelagodroma marina, White-bellied Storm Henderson Island. Gough compares favourably Petrel Fregeta grallaria and races of Great or with more southerly islands of the Southern Subantarctic Skua Catharacta antarctica and Ocean with which it shares certain faunistic Antarctic Tern Sterna vittata. State of Conservation of World Heritage Properties in Europe SECTION II v. Gough is an island of outstanding natural (2004): Decision 28 COM 14B.17 beauty. The island represents the eroded core of a The World Heritage Committee, Late Tertiary volcano. Gough is scenically beautiful with spectacularly precipitous cliffs around much of 1. Approves the extension of the Gough Island the coastline and mountains rising to 910 m above Wildlife Reserve, United Kingdom, to include the sea level. neighbouring Inaccessible Island and the surrounding marine zone extending out to 12 As provided in IUCN evaluation nautical miles; (1995): EVALUATION: 2. Also approves the extension of the Gough Island marine zone from 3 nautical miles to 12 nautical Gough Island is one of the least disturbed major miles, to bring the boundaries of the World Heritage cool-temperate island ecosystem in the South property in line with those of the Nature Reserve; Atlantic Ocean, and is also one of the most important seabird colonies of the world (criterion iv). 3. Further approves the change of name proposed The island has high scenic qualities with by the State Party to Gough and Inaccessible spectacular sea-cliffs around much of the coastline Islands. (criterion iii). Two endemic land birds are found at 4. Commends the State Party on its policy of Gough, the Gough moorhen and the Gough finch. conservation-based fishery management in the Gough is included in the Tristan da Cunha Priority waters around Gough Island; One Endemic Bird Area, as defined by Bird Life International. The island is home to 12 endemic 5. Invites the authorities to maintain the current tight plant species in addition to other threatened regulations and strict enforcement over illegal species. Gough’s undisturbed nature makes it fisheries; particularly valuable for biological research, with 6. Encourages the State Party to extend its weather monitoring being the only other activity ratification of the Agreement for the Conservation of permitted on the island. The nomination meets all Albatrosses and Petrels to include the Tristan da conditions of integrity (assuming that the adjacent Cunha Archipelago. marine area is included in the site) and should thus be inscribed on the World Heritage List under The property now includes the following land and natural criteria iii and iv. marine areas: (2004): The proposed extension is in line with the Name Land area Marine area recommendation of IUCN and the World Heritage (ha) (ha) Committee at its 19 th session (Berlin, 1995). IUCN, Gough Island 6500 ha 230,000 ha therefore, recommends the World Heritage Inaccessible 1400 ha 160,000 ha Committee: Island (i) to extend the World Heritage site to include the TOTAL 7900 ha 390,000 ha neighbouring Inaccessible Island and the surrounding marine zone extending out to 12 nautical miles, and • Statement of Significance adequately defines the outstanding universal value of the site (ii) to extend the marine zone around Gough Island • A statement of significance has been drawn up from 3 nautical miles to 12 nautical miles, to bring as part of the Management Plan. The State the boundaries of the World Heritage site in line Party will discuss and agree a revised with those of the Nature Reserve. The extended statement of Outstanding Universal Value World Heritage site would thus include a terrestrial which will be submitted in due course for area of 7,900ha and a marine area of 390,000 ha. consideration by the World Heritage Committee IUCN also recommends the World Heritage • No change required to UNESCO's official Committee to approve the proposed name change description of the site as proposed by the authorities of the UK; that is to Gough and Inaccessible Islands World Heritage Boundaries and Buffer Zone Site. • Status of boundaries of the site: adequate • Buffer zone: no buffer zone has been defined Committee Decision but none needed • Fishing and other activities are prescribed (1994): The Committee made no statement. within the 12 nm marine boundary to the Site, State of Conservation of World Heritage Properties in Europe SECTION II and out to the 200nm EEZ limit. However, Department on conservation-related matters, Tristan lacks the necessary infrastructure to and arrange an annual environmental enforce this legislation (specifically the lack of a inspection of the site and the operation of the blue water patrol facility). Also, many of the South African meteorological Station birds breeding on the islands range much • No site manager but none needed further than the boundary zones around the site • Management under contractual agreement between the State Party and a third party Status of Authenticity/Integrity • Levels of public authority who are primarily • World Heritage site values have been involved with the management of the site: maintained national; international (given the necessity for • Introduced House Mice are now known to be close liaison with South Africa). significant predators of seabird chicks, and will, • The current management system is sufficiently if uncontrolled, gradually reduce the biological effective value of the site. Identifying effective control measures is a key conservation priority Actions proposed: Sagina procumbens, an aggressive alien plant • Management Plan for the site currently being accidentally introduced during the 1990s, could revised; South African National Antarctic also degrade the integrity of the site if current Programme initiating a risk assessment review control measures prove inadequate of the quarantine procedures; Continuing These anticipated changes affect the research into the impact of house mice and Outstanding Universal Value of the site as appropriate control/eradication measures. identified at the time of the inscription • Timeframe: continuing 3. Protection 5. Management Plan Legislative and Administrative Arrangements • Management plan is being implemented • The entire site is a legally-declared nature • Implementation commenced: 09 / 1995 (revised: reserve, with IUCN strict category 1 status.
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