Own the Podium Funding and Support: the Athletes' Perspective Hillary
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Own the Podium Funding and Support: The Athletes’ Perspective Hillary Pattenden, B.A. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts’ degree in Applied Health Sciences (Sport Management) Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University St. Catharines, Ontario Hillary Pattenden © 2015 ATHLETES’ PERSPECTIVE ON OWN THE PODIUM Abstract The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of Canada’s high performance athletes who have benefitted from Own the Podium (OTP)-recommended funding and support leading up to an Olympic or Paralympic Games. OTP, a nonprofit agency, is responsible for determining the overall investment strategy for high performance sport in Canada through recommendations to support national sport organizations (NSOs) with the aim to improve Canadian performances at the Olympic and Paralympic Games. For this study, data were collected through in-depth interviews with eleven Canadian high performance athletes (i.e., single-sport Summer/Winter Olympians and Paralympians and recently retired athletes). Analysis of the data resulted in twelve overarching themes; resources, pressure, missing gap, results, targeting, stress, expectations, boost in confidence, OTP relationship, OTP name, pre/post OTP, and lost funding. Overall, results from this exploratory research indicate that athletes generally had a favourable perception regarding OTP-recommended funding and support. Keywords: Own the Podium, high performance sport, athlete funding, Olympic Games, Paralympic Games ATHLETES’ PERSPECTIVE ON OWN THE PODIUM Acknowledgements I would like to begin my list of acknowledgements by expressing my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Lucie Thibault. It has been an absolute pleasure working alongside you for the past two and a half years during my time at Brock University. Your guidance and expertise was invaluable throughout this experience. The book Sport Policy in Canada will always hold a special spot on my bookshelf! I would also like to thank my committee members, Drs. Lisa Kikulis and Ian Ritchie. Your feedback during the course of my research greatly contributed to the quality of my thesis. I appreciate you both agreeing to serve on my committee and for taking this research journey with me. A special thank you to Dr. Nicole Forrester for your contribution to my thesis as an external examiner, your valuable insight made this study better. I could not have conducted this research study without the support of Own the Podium agreeing to provide a letter of support encouraging athletes to participate in this study. As well, I very much appreciate the role the Canadian Sport Institutes played with assisting me in gaining access to Canada’s high performance athletes. I would also like to thank my fellow graduate student peers within the Department of Sport Management. I have fond memories of my time here at Brock and have enjoyed getting to know each and every single one of you. I hope our paths cross again as we embark on our careers within the sport industry. Lastly, I would like to thank my family and friends for your ongoing encouragement and interest in my studies. Thinking back on these past few years, it was ATHLETES’ PERSPECTIVE ON OWN THE PODIUM all of you who really helped keep my energy, passion and focus on completing my graduate studies. ATHLETES’ PERSPECTIVE ON OWN THE PODIUM Table of Contents Chapter I – Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 Purpose of Study ............................................................................................................. 6 Study Breakdown ............................................................................................................ 7 Chapter II – Review of Literature................................................................................... 8 The Evolution of Own the Podium ................................................................................. 8 History......................................................................................................................... 8 Criticism .................................................................................................................... 10 Support ...................................................................................................................... 14 Relevant High Performance Sport Literature ............................................................... 16 Canada....................................................................................................................... 16 Podium Vision .......................................................................................................... 18 Investing .................................................................................................................... 18 Targeting ................................................................................................................... 19 International Comparison of High Performance Sport Strategies ................................ 22 Funding Within High Performance Sport ..................................................................... 26 Funding Support........................................................................................................ 26 Athlete Assistance Program (AAP) .......................................................................... 29 B2ten ......................................................................................................................... 31 Canadian Athletes Now Fund (CAN Fund) .............................................................. 32 Canadian Olympic Committee (COC) Rewards ....................................................... 32 Sufficient Funding Amounts ..................................................................................... 34 Chapter III – Research Methods ................................................................................... 36 ATHLETES’ PERSPECTIVE ON OWN THE PODIUM Research Paradigm........................................................................................................ 37 Participant Sample and Selection.................................................................................. 38 Recruiting Strategies ..................................................................................................... 40 Data Collection Process ................................................................................................ 42 In-depth Interviews ................................................................................................... 42 Digital Audio Recording ........................................................................................... 45 Transcribing .............................................................................................................. 45 Limitations .................................................................................................................... 46 Data Analysis ................................................................................................................ 48 Quality Qualitative Research ........................................................................................ 50 Worthy Topic ............................................................................................................ 50 Rich Rigor ................................................................................................................. 50 Sincerity .................................................................................................................... 51 Self-Reflexivity ......................................................................................................... 51 Self-Reflective Journal.............................................................................................. 52 Credibility ................................................................................................................. 54 Resonance ................................................................................................................. 54 Significant Contribution............................................................................................ 54 Ethical Practices ........................................................................................................ 55 Meaningful Coherence .............................................................................................. 55 Chapter IV – Results and Discussion ............................................................................ 56 Resources ...................................................................................................................... 59 Pressure ......................................................................................................................... 79 Missing Gap .................................................................................................................. 96 ATHLETES’ PERSPECTIVE ON OWN THE PODIUM Results ......................................................................................................................... 109 Targeting ..................................................................................................................... 114 Stress ........................................................................................................................... 127 Expectations ...............................................................................................................