uniteagainstracism produced by UEFA & FARE in european football

guide to good practice

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contents

Introduction 04 A guide to action 07 What is racism? 08 Racism in football in 10 Anti-racist action 12

The actors National Associations Supporters Players and clubs Ethnic minorities and migrants Media

The actions Action plans and charters Stewarding and Policing policies Action at matches UEFA’s Ten Point Plan FARE Week of action

Principles of good practice 40 Appendices 43

FARE’s core members and contact details Other useful contact details

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introduction by Gerhard Aigner

It has been sad to note in Every one of us who is In 2001 UEFA began a On March 5th 2003 a This Good Practice Guide recent seasons that we have passionate about football partnership with the Football landmark event in tackling is one practical outcome of seen a resurgence of has a responsibility to act. Against Racism in Europe racism took place at the conference and reflects incidents of racism within For our part UEFA is not (FARE) network through Chelsea FC, in London. We our intention to deliver the European football willing to accept any financial support of its work. worked closely with FARE change. We hope that fraternity, in international incidents of racism, or 1 million Swiss Francs were and The Football Association you will use it effectively matches as well as at broader expressions of racial donated to the network in to organise the ‘Unite to make a difference. club level. prejudice or exclusion, August 2001, and a further Against Racism’ conference, without challenge. Whilst we donation of 400,000 Swiss to bring together Lasting change will only be Racism is an evil. I can find recognise there are no easy Francs was made to help representatives of all 52 achieved through sustained no other way to describe it. answers, we are playing our fund the ‘Unite Against European footballing work that reflects local and It is a problem stimulated part in one of the most Racism’ conference nations, to exchange national realities, undertaken outside of football, but one decisive drives to help kick in London. ideas and information in a spirit of partnership. which is too often given racism out of football. and together to set out a Given some of the problems expression and public focus In October 2002 the response to this problem. facing us it will be a through our game. It must In December 2000 we UEFA President, Lennart challenging road to travel, be eradicated. reinforced our disciplinary Johansson, and I sent out but they are challenges that regulations against racism a joint letter to the entire all of us who care for the at football matches in European football family game and believe in its European competitions. issuing a 10-point action potential to unite should Since then, 20 sanctions for plan to encourage action be prepared to face. racist incidents have been at club level. imposed by UEFA's Control and Disciplinary Body. UEFA is also supporting its member associations to undertake anti-racist action at the national level with a new financial assistance scheme approved by the UEFA Executive Committee in November 2002.

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aguidetoaction

This guide is being presented by UEFA and FARE following the ‘Unite Against Racism’ conference at Stamford Bridge, Chelsea FC, on March 5th 2003, as one of a number of practical outcomes from the conference.

It is by no means complete The objective has been to Our ultimate hope is that by in its representation of the bring together the best sharing examples of ‘good work that has taken place examples of anti-racism practice’, such practice will in European football, activities from significant spread and that new no document could groups within and outside of approaches and initiatives ever claim to do that football, such as fans, clubs, will be generated, adding to comprehensively. players, football authorities, the growing momentum of Nevertheless, it stands or migrant and ethnic the campaign against racism as a significant record of minority organisations. the achievements of many These responses may have in campaigning to tackle been developed in reaction racism. Hopefully, many to racist incidents or in others in the European attempting to build respect football family can take and educate the wider practical guidance from football community. the examples set out here.

From these practical actions are drawn a set of principles, or good practice guidelines, that we hope you will use to inform your activities.

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whatisracism?

Racism is the belief of the The problem will apply There remain forms of superiority of a particular differently across the racism that are centuries race, religion or ethnic continent with ethnic old and persist throughout group. It is most commonly minorities often the focus of Europe. Examples include expressed through words or abuse, harassment and racism towards Jews – practices which cause discrimination. In many parts anti-semitism – and Roma disadvantage. It can occur of Europe ethnic minorities peoples. In recent years intentionally or through a subjected to racism will be there has also been lack of understanding and those from neighbouring a growth in attacks ignorance. It may manifest countries or regions. In and discrimination itself openly or it can be many Western European against Muslims. covert, and often it is nations citizens of the former institutionalised. colonies, often in Africa or Asia, are those most often victims of racism.

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As the following examples illustrate racism has featured at all levels of European football over the last ten years:

December 1991, Scotland: December 1994, Spain: August 2001, : Alarmed by the rise in Fans of Sporting Gijon During the derby against far-right activity at Scottish spray “red and white yes, Rapid Dinamo grounds football supporters black no” on the walls of supporters display a huge form a campaign to combat their stadium after the banner on the terrace racism in football, SCARF club signs Nigerian saying “More Tigane” (Supporters’ Campaign Rashidi Yekini. (Death to the Gypsies). racisminfootballineurope Against Racism in Football). October 1995, Holland: October 2001, July 1992, : The Dutch Football Czech Republic: Lazio fans show their anger Association protests to Bayern players European football is probably the most prestigious sports at the club’s new signing, UEFA about racist abuse Samuel Kuffour and arena in the world, watched by hundreds of millions of people. Holland’s Surinamese-Indian, against Ajax’s black players Pablo Thiam are subject The top leagues attract the best players from across the Aaron Mohammed Winter, during a UEFA Champions to monkey chants world and in most countries football has become a multi-ethnic, by scrawling “we don’t want League match against from Sparta Prague multi-national sport. neither nigger nor Jewish” Ferencvaros in Budapest. fans during their UEFA on a wall of the club’s Champions League match. Yet, despite the skills headquarters. June 1996, France: displayed by stars from Jean Marie Le Pen, October 2001, Portugal: Africa, South America, Asia, October 1993, Germany: president of the Front Racial abuse is directed at , North America and During a European National, says that French Emile Heskey, by Boavista all corners of Europe, racism championships qualifier players of ethnic minority fans. The Liverpool and continues to be a problem between Germany and origin should not sing the England striker says that is a feature of both Turkey, German fans chant national anthem because afterwards: “It does happen our professional leagues repeatedly “Kreuzberg they are ‘not worthy’ to a lot in Europe and the fact and of amateur and must burn”; Kreuzberg represent the nation. is I have got used to it. grassroots football. is an area in Berlin where I have had to.” many Turks live. September 1998, Austria: Austrian fans chant October 2002: anti-Semitic slogans A series of games during throughout a game UEFA club competitions between Austria and Israel. witness incidents of racial abuse of players, February 1999, Turkey: with the Euro 2004 qualifier, After Kevin Campbell signs Slovakia vs. England subject for Trabzonspor, the to mass racist chanting. president of the club says: “We bought a cannibal who April 2003, England: believes he is a forward.” Supporters at the England v. Turkey match use racist November 2000, Italy: abuse against other fans Racist abuse is heaped and players. on Liverpool’s Emile Heskey throughout England’s friendly in Turin.

uniteagainstracism 11 12 uniteagainstracism anti-racistaction the actors - national associations the actors - national associations

Leadership to tackle racism must come from within the heart In amateur and grassroots The fund makes available up The letter goes on to of the football family. As the guardians and governing bodies football national associations to 50,000 Swiss Francs to emphasise the importance of the game national associations have a vital role to play in should be aware of, and cover 50% of the budget of of working with partners with acknowledging problems that may exist, encouraging the take action to curb, the high projects that FA’s may wish expertise in the issue by implementation of the UEFA tenpoint plan for professional numbers of racist attacks on to develop. The remaining stating that, “Member clubs, and setting out clear codes of conduct against migrants and ethnic 50% of the funding will organizations of the FARE racism, including disciplinary sanctions against players, minorities. In some need to come from network would be available clubs or officials who contravene those codes. countries rules are in place the association. for consultation.” A number that effectively prohibit of associations have been individuals born to one or Details of the fund were sent proactive over a period more foreign parents to national associations in of time in developing their competing in mainstream November 2002 with own action in response to amateur football. By insisting guidance as below: local needs. that only players of full citizenship are registered “With this initiative UEFA The Norwegian Football such statutes both invites all member Association have produced contravene the spirit of the associations to develop their a charter, consisting of game and its ability to unite own programmes to raise eight principles, around individuals from different awareness and take which its clubs can focus backgrounds, and lead to a stand against racism at their anti-racist and the development of parallel, national and local level. anti-discrimination work unaffiliated leagues. Campaigns could be (see next section for details conducted in co-operation of these charters). In order to encourage with leagues and clubs.” proactive planning of action The Norwegian FA’s action at national level UEFA has has been spearheaded by set up a fund to offer its president, Per Ravn financial assistance to anti- Omdal, having been sparked racism projects led by one of the most by national associations. disturbing racist incidents in European football in recent years, the murder of 15 year-old footballer, Benjamin Hermansen.

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Born of African and Norwegian parents, Benjamin had The NFA have assisted the work of the Norwegian Players’ become a symbol of the unifying potential of the game when Union (NISA) and the Norwegian People’s Aid organization. he made an anti-racist statement on national television. Through actions inside stadiums where both teams have The tragedy inspired the country’s largest post-war held up red cards to racism before the game. The recent demonstration when more than 50,000 people took part Euro 2004 qualifier between and players saw in a torch-lit march through , including members of the the same action taking place before the game and the government, royalty, footballers and immigrants. display of an anti-racist banner.

The German FA (DFB) have The FA have now developed Many European societies organised a series of a comprehensive Ethics and are changing. There are campaigns in response to Sports Equity Plan which now greater numbers of concern over racism from has been accepted at the visible ethnic minorities fans. In 1993, DFB launched highest levels of the resident in our major towns the campaign ‘Peaceful organisation the and cities than ever before. together – My Friend is a implementation of which As a consequence football, Foreigner’ at a special will see them take forward like many other areas of life, match between the senior a holistic strategy for will need to change and national team and a equality in all of it’s areas adapt to ensure the selection of foreign of their governance. contributions new citizens players. It also can make to the game are issued a ten-point charter In early 2002 an welcomed and utilised against racism which investigation was undertaken positively. This may be supporters groups have in Spain by the national especially a factor in lobbied to have adopted by federation (RFEF) after central and east every club and football Malaga’s Congolese-born European countries. council in the country. Dutch midfield player Kizito Musampa complained that In Poland, the popularity The Football Association in he was racially abused by of Emmanuel Olisadebe, England has long been a three opponents in league a Nigerian who plays for sponsor and supporter of matches. “It is completely the Polish national team, anti-racism campaigning, unacceptable,” said has had a positive influence particularly through the ‘Let’s Musampa. “I can on the perception of Kick Racism Out of Football’ understand that players African peoples. campaign, now run by Kick get angry but not that they It Out. At times, it has make insults about the The Polish FA, through played a key role in fronting colour of your skin. working with the NGO public education campaigns You have to report these Never Again have identified about the issue, and has sorts of things so that anti-semitism as a persistent organised schools they do not happen again. problem and have fined competitions and produced I don’t mind if I am insulted clubs for displays of racist literature in partnership but this is racism and it banners, and threatened to with other football bodies. cannot be accepted just close stadia. In 2001 the FA took the because it comes from brave step of publicly a fellow professional.” The FA of Hungary have apologising to black players identified abuse and for the abuse they suffered exclusion of players from in England through the Roma communities as a 1970’s and 1980’s. key issue. They are seeking to address some of these problems through the development of facilities and playing opportunities in areas in which the Roma predominate.

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supporters

supporters

While it’s undoubtedly Take banners, for example. For example, at a match In Austria in 2001, a banner true that some football Fans’ homemade banners between Padova and declaring ‘Fair Play. Different supporters are perpetrators enliven and colour football Cosenza in Italy in May Colours. One Game’ was of racist abuse against stadiums around Europe 1997, Cosenza fans hung in the stadium by fans players and other fans, every week. They carry displayed a large home- of the premier team SV it would be too easy to messages – usually about made banner which read, Ried during their game stereotype fans in general their team and heroes; their in English, ‘Stop Racism against SW Bregenz. as ‘the problem’. In fact, opponents, the villains; Forever’. This was produced Also in 2001, fans of FC as most people will or themselves, the fans, in response to racist chants Tirol produced a banner acknowledge it is always ‘ultras’, or ‘crews’ of the made by Padova fans declaring ‘United Colours of a minority among supporters terraces. Anti-racist fans against two Nigerian players Innsbruck’ during the game who take part in racist in many countries have bought by the club. In 2001, against SV Salzburg. At this activity, whether it’s used this simple method during FARE’s first week of game fans also released abuse and chanting or to make their first public action, anti-racist banners hundreds of balloons with something more physical stance against racism in were also displayed in Italy the slogan ‘All Colours – and menacing. football grounds. by fans of Perugia, Empoli, One Game’ and 9,000 Ancona, Genoa, Sampdoria, copies of a magazine and However, it is also true that Atalanta, Cavese, Venezia, poster were distributed. football fans have always Pisa, Ternana and Bologna, During the Action Week been at the start of attempts to name just a few. in April 2002 the Austrian to combat racism. Fair Play campaign If, sometimes, they are produced a poster ‘Viennese the problem, they are also football shows racism the the solution. In many red card’ in partnership with European nations it has the major fan clubs from been the actions of fans Rapid, Austria Vienna that have kick-started other and sportklub. members of the football family into taking notice, In Germany the fans group and taking action. ‘Schalker gegen Rassismus’ (Schalke Against Racism) Fans create the atmosphere displayed large banners and passion that make during Schalke 04’s football unique. It’s their Bundesliga match against culture and it’s from the FC Kaiserslauten. They also spirit of this culture that the distributed 20,000 flyers most effective attempts to inside the stadium and combat racism arise. held a joint press conference with the team manager and players after the game.

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supporters

Elsewhere in Germany, In a variation on the theme, Just as banners, balloons, members of the Oldenburger the Polish NGO ‘Nigdy leaflets and t-shirts are a Faninitiative have persuaded Wiecey’ (Never Again), long-standing part of terrace their club, Vfb Oldenburg to who are supported by traditions, fans’ magazines, have an anti-racist banner Emmanuel Olisadebe, or fanzines, are also part of permanently on display in distributed T-shirts with the the culture of the football the ground. The banner was slogan ‘Wykopmy Rasizm supporter, and have often first revealed before their ze Stadionow’ (kick racism been used to campaign fourth division match against out of the stadium) to against racism by giving A prime example of the power of fanzines comes from TSV Havelse. Similarly, the supporters of in supporters a chance to air England in the late 1980s where a group of Leeds United Fanprojekt Hannover 96 their ground. They have also their own views, tell stories supporters produced a new fanzine, ‘Marching Altogether’, group produced two produced posters, fanzines about racist incidents, and explicitly to campaign against racism at Leeds’ Elland Road banners saying ‘Different and a CD of anti-racist call for action to stop them. stadium. The club had established a reputation for attracting Colours – One Game’ and football songs. They have also provided a supporters from far-right groups such as the National Front ‘Young fans against racism’, space for ethnic minority and the British National Party. The fanzine was crucial in which were carried around fans to make themselves bringing like-minded fans together, and a group called Leeds the ground by young fans heard, and to demonstrate United Against Racism and Fascism was formed by its before Hannover 96’s games their loyalty to the team. contributors and readers. against RW Oberhausen and MSV Duisburg.

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supporters

This was followed in the 1990s by the national Football This form of co-ordinated action has been most effective Supporters’ Association (FSA) who produced an anti-racist where fans of different teams have come together in fanzine called United Colours of Football, 100,000 copies of networks and associations. Two FARE member organisations which were distributed widely outside grounds and through are good examples, the Italian groups Progetto Ultrà and club-based fanzines up and down the country. Recently, UISP and Germany’s Buendnis Aktiver Fussballfans e.V. Kick It Out, the national campaign against racism in football, (BAFF). These organisations set out anti-racist activity that has produced two further editions of United Colours, one of draws on the culture of fans as a key principle of their work. which was aimed at England supporters and given out to fans before England’s final World Cup qualifying game against Greece last October. Similar initiatives have been taken across Europe. In the newly-formed German states, where racism from far right groups has been a growing problem in football, one group of fans formed their own club. Roter Stern Leipzig (Red Star Leipzig) was formed in 1998 to provide an alternative to the racist cultures associated with the town’s two established clubs. RSL now has two men’s teams, a women’s team, a youth team and a senior’s side, as well as its own club house and ground.

Despite the growth of its Not every fans’ group is as playing side, the emphasis organised as this, but there on anti-racist work has been are many examples across maintained, focused around Europe of fans who have its fanzine, called Prasses taken spontaneous actions Erben (Prasse’s Heirs). Red when racism emerges – Star members have also reporting incidents to persuaded the town’s other authorities, to their national clubs, such as FC Sachsen campaigns, or FARE; Leipzig, to hold anti-racist removing racist graffiti from events, with banners and walls and stadiums when it flyers, and have produced appears; and lobbying their their own anti-racist CD. clubs and football authorities to take responsibility for opposing racism.

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playersandclubs playersandclubs

While fans are often the spur for anti-racist action they The Show Racism the Red The Norwegian Players’ Ternana the previous week. cannot defeat racism on their own, and not merely with Card campaign has used Union (NISA) and the Omolade came on as a banners, leaflets and fanzines. To generate wider recognition interviews with players, Norwegian People’s Aid substitute against Genoa of the problem, and greater media attention in particular, whether in magazines or on organization have teamed and scored the second they need the support of players and the clubs they play for. video, to take the anti-racist up on the ‘Show Racism goal in a 2-2 draw. message to school children The Red Card’ slogan to Players, of course, are the and young people beyond organise an anti-racist This was not the first heroes of the fans and their football grounds. These are schools competition. time players in Italy have words can have a wide the stars who young people The winners were given taken a stand. In 1993 impact. Players can also be look up to, and when they their awards on the pitch at the stars of AC Milan took the victims of racism, and talk about racism and how the national Ullevaal stadium the field before one Serie occasionally, the it affects them – both within at half-time during a game A game carrying a banner perpetrators. Building football and outside – it can between Norway’s premier which proclaimed ‘No al support among high profile have a important and clubs, Lyn, and Rosenborg. Razzismo’. In similar vein, professional players for the educational influence. all players in the German cause of anti-racism has The campaign also draws Bundesliga showed red been a core objective of Players such as , on the positive appeal of cards calling for more many campaigns. Les and Rio Ferdinand, players in its educational tolerance and integration Andy Cole, Dwight Yorke, work very effectively. on the same match day The players’ union in Shaka Hislop, and many in December 2000. England, the Professional others have spoken out Players have also been Footballers’ Association, is a about racism. known to take spontaneous founding member of Kick It actions, usually in support Out and has been a long- of teammates who are being term sponsor and supporter subjected to abuse. of efforts to rid the game of For example, in Italy last racism. The PFA produces season players from the an anti-racist poster each Serie B team Treviso season – ‘It’s only the colour coloured their faces black of the shirt that counts’ – before they came onto and helps to persuade its the field for a game to show members to take public solidarity with their stands against racism teammate Akeem Omolade. through appearing at events The Nigerian had been and undertaking symbolic booed by fans when he actions such as wearing made his debut against anti-racist T-shirts.

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playersandclubs

The activities of clubs, Permanent anti-racist Many clubs in England are On the occasion of its 100th In Belgium champion Racing As football clubs become as well as their players, banners and hoardings can now looking to ensure that anniversary the Austrian Genk together with the larger organisations with can be vital for campaigns now be seen at many clubs the theme of equality runs Bundesliga team Grazer AK foundation “Samen Kleurrijk multi-faceted operations against racism. Clubs have around Europe, such as across every area of their committed itself “to the fight Sporten” have recently so their responsibility as an important influence over those seen at the stadiums activities, that they are against any form of launched a poster which employers and exemplars the atmosphere in their of clubs throughout the sensitive of the need to work xenophobia and racism”, states “Show Racism the of good community relations grounds and unequivocal Premier and Football with and engage minority and GAK demands from Red Card”. They will be grow. Many are also statements condemning Leagues in England. A great communities in cities across its players, members, joined by more clubs employers and it is racism help to show number of clubs in England England. Kick It Out has supporters and guests delivering different sorts important that they operate that such abuse will now follow this up with worked with the FA Premier “in each situation the moral of work as the foundation ‘equal opportunities’ not be tolerated. action from the UEFA/FARE League to develop a courage to stand up for takes forward its work in policies, that they encourage Ten Point Plan – including framework for these actions the rights of victims the future. people from ethnic minorities When racism became a putting messages in through a racial equality of xenophobia.” to apply for jobs, involve common occurrence at the matchday programmes, standard for clubs, which those communities in home games of French club making announcements will reward and acknowledge outreach work and develop Paris St Germain the club over the PA system, erecting achievements in developing community partnerships. worked with local NGOs to signs and banners stating anti-racist policies. turn things around. A group that racists will be ejected, In parts of Western of racists, known as the and holding special kick Europe some clubs are Bolougne Boys, gathered racism out of football days looking beyond the moral behind one goal, which they of action on match days. reasons for working for declared to be a whites only equality and are increasingly area. In April 2000, the club aware of the potential erected a permanent sign at commercial benefits of the Parc des Princes saying, engaging with previously “There is a place for excluded communities. everyone at Paris St Germain, except racists”.

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ethnicminoritiesandmigrants

Involving ethnic minority fans For example, it is estimated In Sheffield the Football FURD’s support of local youth football and the and migrant groups in that about 15 per cent of all Unites, Racism Divides anti-racist work of the two Sheffield clubs has been campaigns against racism professional footballers in (FURD) project have been recognized nationally. in football is vitally important. England and are instrumental in countering One of the most striking black. But a recent survey of the exclusion of young In Hungary the Mahatma For those from within the aspects of all European fans found that on average people from local ethnic Gandhi Human Rights game relationships with football is the discrepancy less than one per cent of minority communities Organisation in Budapest ethnic minority communities between the high number season ticket holders at through football themed formed the African Star will need to be seen as of black players on the field clubs were activities. Set up in 1996 football team, which gives longer-term partnerships and the lack of black faces ethnic minorities. What’s by fans of Sheffield United, refugees and people of mutually beneficial to in the crowd. more 27 per cent of fans they are a model project African descent the football and the process said they had heard racist demonstrating the way in possibility to play football. of integrating newer abuse directed at players which football, education They also hold a special communities into the during the season. and community involvement football tournament in mainstream. can be linked to bring about summer hence creating a Efforts to attract more positive change. more tolerant and friendly ethnic minority participation social atmosphere through in football, at all levels, sport programmes. but in particular to professional grounds as fans, is an important part of campaigns to eradicate racism in football.

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media

Football generates enormous amounts of broadcast and print coverage across the continent. For many campaigners an active involvement with the media reflects the key role they play in highlighting both the problems of racist activity and the solutions.

The most successful Many anti-racist campaigns have been able campaigners produce their to engender a wide-ranging own media, of course – dynamic in which all public magazines, fanzines, institutions, the media newsletters, posters, videos, prominent amongst them, CDs, websites and so on. play an active role in And often the mainstream changing attitudes among media will cover the issue of supporters and demanding racism in football on their action and commitment from own initiative, usually when football authorities. racism occurs.

Gaining media coverage In Romania, for instance, the through launch events, popular magazine Pro Sport banners and displays at and the TV channel Pro TV matches, radio phone joined the FARE Action in ins, and other methods, April 2002 and printed is crucial to successful 15,000 posters where high- outcomes. profile players – including a player of Roma origin – of The mainstream media the Bucharest teams FC have covered numerous Steaua, FC Dinamo and FC anti-racist actions by fans Rapid wore Football against and other groups across Racism in Europe Europe, particularly when T-shirts. During the live this has been connected broadcasting of the Rapid to specific events such as vs. FC Universitatea Craiova, an anti-racist action day at a Pro Sport explained the club, anti-racism weeks of background to the action. action such as the one organised by FARE last year, or the high profile star-led launch of a publication, video, or exhibition.

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Similarly, The German FA adopted an anti-racist charter anti-racistaction which calls for action from football clubs: the actions - action plans, charters and principles 1 Adoption of an anti- 5 Introduction of racism clause in stadium appropriate steps Late last year UEFA took the 1 Recognition of human worth rules and regulations against the sale or initiative of issuing a ten point by all who participate in sport. stating that racism and distribution of racist and plan of action against racism xenophobia xenophobic literature developed by FARE. The plan 2 All discrimination must be fought. and the displaying and on stadium property sets out the ten measures that calling of extreme-right on matchdays. national associations and clubs 3 Non-acceptance of prejudice. signs and symbols will should take as the starting not be tolerated and 6 Influencing of players, point of their actions to will lead to the persons coaches and officials challenge racism. 4 Be alert to, and prepare to fight against, racism. concerned being not to make racist banned from the comments. It is hoped that all national stadium. associations will adopt the plan 5 No to violence. 7 Removal of all racist and encourage clubs and others 2 Instruction of stewards graffiti on stadium to sign-up and commit to the 6 The participation of all in football. with regard to forbidden property. actions outlined. symbols attributable to 7 Football exists because of voluntarism, the extreme right. 8 Development of action Some associations have drawn encouraging people to work together plans or projects in up their own plans over the past as a team. 3 Publication of association with the few years as a response to statements in match authorities, the police, issues at home. 8 Parental participation is essential programmes informing the fan projects, if children are to be encouraged into sport. fans that the club does supporters clubs, The recent emergence of racism not tolerate racism, sponsors, the social in Norwegian football has condemns racist services, and players prompted Norway’s FA to draft a chanting and the and coaches to raise set of eight anti-racist principles. displaying of extreme- awareness against They are a way of giving football right symbols and racism and xenophobia. clubs a focus for anti-racist and salutes, and will take anti-discrimination work. appropriate action. 9 Use of regular announcements against 4 Insisting that owners of racism and xenophobia season tickets commit by the PA announcer. not to take part in racist abuse, racist chanting or 10 Use of messages any other form of on the scoreboard aggressive behaviour stating that the club such as the use of and the fans are pyrotechnic devices and against discrimination that they report persons and racism. who behave otherwise to the stewards or the police.

These national statements of principle can be a spur to action. If nothing else, they may force club officials to recognise that there is a problem when it occurs.

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stewardingandpolicingpolicies

The highly visible presence of racist chants inside the stadiums of some of the most prominent clubs in Europe continues to scar the game.

Whilst the longer term This may take the form of solutions lie in the highly visible ground implementation of regulations, training of co-ordinated campaigning stewards to recognise measures, the effective racism as it occurs through stewarding and policing chants, symbols and of racism inside stadiums banners, or graffiti. should be an intrinsic part The operational protocols of those strategies. setting out which action should be taken and when, The culture and modes of should include situations in football support differ across which racism rears it’s head. Europe. In one country fans might display banners, flags In common with measures and scarves, as they stand taken by a number of behind fences. In another, German clubs FC Sankt chants and songs, and the Pauli take a firm line against wearing of replica shirts those caught up in racism. while seated with a free The club sets out a clear view to the pitch may policy through well sign- predominate. These posted stadium statutes, differences are in part backed up with targeted due to culture and in part action to identify to differing models of stadia. perpetrators. Once identified the individuals Whilst stewarding and are banned and referred policing policies will to the club’s fan project reflect these different who work with them to circumstances – with some change attitudes. stadiums stewarded prominently and others In England the football reliant on police checks at authorities have drawn on entrances - the primary the advice of Kick It Out to objective of all stewarding devise a training programme must be to ensure the to be delivered to every safety of spectators steward in England and and players. Wales in the next few years. The programme lasts 1 hour These basic safety and covers all aspects of provisions should also problem recognition and include measures to ensure operational responses. the effective policing of racism, reflecting the view With the problem as of the majority of fans extensively evident as and players that prejudice it is now, in the current should not be part of the climate not taking any experience of attending action is not a viable option. football matches.

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actionatmatches These are just three examples:

Professional football We have already seen In many countries clubs December 1992, Germany: November 1999, Italy: October 2002: matches can be scenes how fans have used are designating games as All Bundesliga teams wore Lazio and Juventus players Campaigners in England of racial harassment matches to counter racist anti-racism days where shirts with the slogan took the field at the Rome have drawn on the idea of and abuse, both on the activity with banners, positive themes of unity “My friend is a foreigner” to stadium wearing t-shirts dedicated anti-racism days pitch and in the crowd. balloons or leaflets, but and community launch a campaign against with the slogan “No to for many years with They can also provide the matches can also be the togetherness are racism in football stadiums. anti-Semitism, Violence, messages in programmes, best arena for promoting focus of more official and emphasized through Racism”. Italian fans banner displays before kick the anti-racist message organised action. articles in programmes, have been using fan off, etc, common alongside and building opposition messages from players choreographies from the fan choreographies and to a racist minority. and choreographies terraces for a long time, players wearing T-shirts. from fans. with banners, chants and displays commonplace.

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UEFA’s Ten Point Plan of Action for Professional Football Clubs

1 Issue a statement saying the club will not tolerate racism, spelling out the action it will take against those engaged in racist chanting. The statement should be printed in all match programmes and displayed permanently and prominently around the ground.

2 Make public address announcements condemning racist chanting at matches.

3 Make it a condition for season ticket holders that they do not take part in racist abuse.

4 Take action to prevent the sale of racist literature inside and around the ground.

5 Take disciplinary action against players who engage in racial abuse.

6 Contact other clubs to make sure they understand the club’s policy on racism.

7 Encourage a common strategy between stewards and police for dealing with racist abuse.

8 Remove all racist graffiti from the ground as a matter of urgency.

9 Adopt an equal opportunities policy in relation to employment and service provision.

10 Work with all other groups and agencies, such as the players union, supporters, schools, voluntary organisations, youth clubs, sponsors, local authorities, local businesses and police, to develop pro-active programmes and make progress to raise awareness of campaigning to eliminate racial abuse and discrimination.

uniteagainstracism 37 38 uniteagainstracism

theFAREweeksofaction

FARE has held three European-wide Action Weeks Against Racism where the football family is invited to co-operate with local partners, NGO’s and fan groups, to organise activities in professional and community football. Last October’s week featured over 600 activities in every corner of the continent.

Future weeks of action will continue to be held in October. The week of action for the season 2003/2004 is scheduled for 16-28 October.

The activities in October 2002 included:

Supporters of Dutch club In Austria, various migrant Fans of the Belgian club R. In Germany, clubs of the Fans of several leading PSV Eindhoven started communities in Vienna Standard de Liège stature of FC Schalke 04 Swiss clubs met in Zurich to an action called “PSV organised a charity football performed an anti-racist were prominent in anti-racist form an alliance against fans against Racism”, in tournament for the victims choreography before a activities. Fans held talks racism called ‘Fans United’, response to the racist abuse of floods in Austria. Amateur home match, and players of with Schalke team coach and flyers against racism of Arsenal FC striker Thierry teams from Yugoslavian, the French top-flight club FC Frank Neubarth and three and violence were Henry at the recent UEFA Turkish, Romanian and Girondins de Bordeaux players, Niels Oude- distributed to fans before Champions League match Bosnia-Herzegovnian supported the action by Kamphuis (Netherlands), matches at several stadiums between the two clubs. backgrounds took part. wearing T-shirts with the Anibal Matellan (Argentina) in Yugoslavia. slogan “South Stand Against and German international Racism” during the warm-up Gerald Asamoah. for the match against AS Monaco FC. Together with Italian, French and Spanish fans, Over the course of two the Italian group Progetto weekends, English football Ultrà produced a bilingual clubs dedicated home anti-racist magazine in Italian matches to the campaign to and English, called “Ultras kick racism out of football. unisce – Razzismo divide”. For example, Leeds United and Arsenal FC held highly visible displays of support, with fans raising cards emphasising opposition to racism.

uniteagainstracism 39 40 uniteagainstracism principlesofgoodpractice

Whilst it is impossible to prescribe all the elements of successful anti-racism interventions, there will be many things that depend on local circumstances, there are some important principles that can guide positive action.

The following are by no means exhaustive but provide some useful pointers:

• Adopt a set of principles • Develop your own brand • Show respect for the • Encourage ethnic • Make sure the message • Set up systems for for action that can be name for the campaign, culture and traditions minorities and migrants reaches young people monitoring and reporting widely publicized to all in one that reflects football of fans and their to participate in football in particular, through racist abuse or the football community. in your country and can organisations, seek to at all levels and in all schools, youth clubs and discrimination in any Encourage widespread be used on a wide range instill anti-racism through capacities, and make it children’s publications. aspect of football. publicity and ownership of materials. ‘Unite fan culture, using the possible for them to do of these principles. Against Racism’ or methods and media so without fear of • Link campaigns against • Ensure that action ‘Football Against Racism associated with fans discrimination or abuse. racism in football to is taken against the • Develop a nationally in (your country)’ are two and their groups. wider campaigns against perpetrators whenever appropriate plan of good examples. racism and xenophobia racism occurs, at every action with practical • Draw on the support and in sport and society. level of the game, so outcomes to implement • Establish partnerships - appeal of high-profile that those involved know the principles above. involve fans, players, players to underline it will not be tolerated. Use the UEFA ten-point police, stewards and anti-racist messages. plan as the basis of NGO’s with expertise in action. Set targets for the field in planning and progress and monitor implementing action. regularly. Include ethnic minority communities and migrant groups.

uniteagainstracism 41 42 uniteagainstracism appendices

contacts

Union des associations Football Against Européennes de Racism in Europe (FARE) football (UEFA) Assistance Programmes Möllwaldplatz 5/3 (Unite Against Racism) A-1040 Vienna Route de Genève 46 Austria CH-1260 Nyon 2 Tel +43 1 7133594 90 Tel +41 22 994 44 44 Fax +43 1 7133594 73 Fax +41 22 994 37 30 www.farenet.org uefa.com

core members

FairPlay. Different Colours. Unione Italiana Sport Per Show Racism the Red One Game. Tutti (UISP) Card (SRTRC) Möllwaldplatz 5/3 Largo Franchellucci, 73 PO Box 141 A-1040 Vienna I-00155 Roma Whitley Bay Austria Italy UK-NE 26 3 YH Newcastle-upon-Tyne Tel +43 1 7133594 90 Tel +39 06 408 15 681 United Kingdom Fax +43 1 7133594 73 Fax +39 06 439 84 320 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Tel +44 191 291 0160 www.fairplay.or.at www.uisp.it Fax +44 191 291 0160 Email: [email protected] www.TheRedCard.org

Kick It Out Progetto Ultrà Bündnis Aktiver Unit 3 Via Riva Reno 75/3 Fußballfans e.V. (BAFF) 1-4 Christina Street I-40121 Bologna P. O. Box 1123 London EC2A 4PA Italy D-63401 Hanau United Kingdom Deutschland Tel +39 051 236634 Tel +44 20 7684 4884 Fax +39 051 225203 Tel +49 211 398 2103 Fax +44 20 7684 4885 Email: Fax +49 211 917 9198 Email: [email protected] [email protected] Email: [email protected] www.kickitout.org www.progettoultra.it www.aktive-fans.de

Football Unites Racism Never Again Association/ Divides (FURD) Stowarzyszenie Nigdy The Stables Wiecej Sharrow Lane P.O Box 6 Sheffield S11 8AE PL-03-700 Warszawa 4 United Kingdom Poland

Tel +44 114 255 3156 Tel +48 603 64 72 28 Fax +44 114 255 3156 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] www.free.ngo.pl/nw/ www.furd.org

acknowledgements

Design by The Works. Photographs: Empics, FARE, Firo Sportphoto, Gepa Pictures, Studio Buzzi. Printed and published by UEFA Communications and Public Affairs Division June 2003. uniteagainstracism 43