Dependent Release of Synaptotagmin-1 from The
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Annexin A2 Flop-Out Mediates the Non-Vesicular Release of Damps/Alarmins from C6 Glioma Cells Induced by Serum-Free Conditions
cells Article Annexin A2 Flop-Out Mediates the Non-Vesicular Release of DAMPs/Alarmins from C6 Glioma Cells Induced by Serum-Free Conditions Hayato Matsunaga 1,2,† , Sebok Kumar Halder 1,3,† and Hiroshi Ueda 1,4,* 1 Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; [email protected] (H.M.); [email protected] (S.K.H.) 2 Department of Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan 3 San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA 4 Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-75-753-4536 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Prothymosin alpha (ProTα) and S100A13 are released from C6 glioma cells under serum- free conditions via membrane tethering mediated by Ca2+-dependent interactions between S100A13 and p40 synaptotagmin-1 (Syt-1), which is further associated with plasma membrane syntaxin-1 (Stx-1). The present study revealed that S100A13 interacted with annexin A2 (ANXA2) and this interaction was enhanced by Ca2+ and p40 Syt-1. Amlexanox (Amx) inhibited the association between S100A13 and ANXA2 in C6 glioma cells cultured under serum-free conditions in the in situ proximity ligation assay. In the absence of Amx, however, the serum-free stress results in a flop-out of ANXA2 Citation: Matsunaga, H.; Halder, through the membrane, without the extracellular release. The intracellular delivery of anti-ANXA2 S.K.; Ueda, H. Annexin A2 Flop-Out antibody blocked the serum-free stress-induced cellular loss of ProTα, S100A13, and Syt-1. -
Antibodies to Snare Complex Proteins
ANTIBODIES TO SNARE COMPLEX PROTEINS Antibodies to SNARE Complex Proteins Synaptophysin VAMP/Synaptobrevin SNAP-25 Syntaxin CDCrel-1 Synaptotagmin-1 Munc18-1 Synapsin-1 INTERNATIONAL VERSION www.cedarlanelabs.com/SNARE CEDARLANE® is an ISO 9001 and ISO 13485 registered company Antibodies to SNARE Complex Proteins SNARE proteins are a large protein superfamily consisting of more than 60 members in yeast and mammals. The primary role of these proteins is to mediate fusion of vesicles with their target membrane-bound compartments (such as lysosomes). The most well studied SNARE proteins are those involved in mediating synaptic vesicle docking at the pre-synaptic membrane of neurons. During this process, syntaxin-1, SNAP-25 and munc18-1 associate and form a complex at the pre-synaptic membrane. This complex interacts with synaptobrevin-2 and synaptotagmin-1 located in synaptic vesicles and initiates docking, priming and fusion at the membrane. This fusion event leads to release of the vesicle's cargo into the synaptic cleft, where it can ultimately interact with the post-synaptic neuron. Antibodies to: Synaptophysin Synaptophysin is a 38 KDa synaptic vesicle (SV) glycoprotein containing four transmembrane domains. It is present in SVs of the neuroendocrine system, brain, spinal cord, retina, adrenal medulla and at neuromuscular junctions. Synaptophysin acts as a marker for neuroendocrine tumours and has been used to study the distribution of synapses within the brain due to its ubiquity at these regions. Although the exact function of synaptophysin is still unknown, several lines of evidence suggest it may have many important roles in SV exo and endocytosis. These include regulation of SNARE assembly, fusion pore formation initiating neurotransmitter release, and activation of SV endocytosis. -
SNARE Proteins and the Timing of Neurotransmitter Release
Molecular Psychiatry (1998) 3, 293–297 1998 Stockton Press All rights reserved 1359–4184/98 $12.00 NEWS & VIEWS SNARE proteins and the timing of neurotransmitter release The SNARE complex proteins have been implicated in exocytotic neurotransmitter release and other forms of membrane fusion. Recent work shows that NSF, the ATPase of the SNARE complex, regulates the kinetics of neurotransmitter release and can thereby control the inte- grative properties of synapses. Time is one of the most critical parameters in the func- hydrolyzes ATP. Because SNAREs are found on both tioning of the brain. Information transfer on the time- the synaptic vesicle membrane and the plasma mem- scale of milliseconds (10−3 seconds) is typical through- brane, it has been postulated that the various SNARE out the brain and in certain brain regions, such as the complexes mediate the interaction between the two auditory brainstem, time differences on the order of membranes before fusion and thus may be necessary microseconds (10−6 seconds) are used to define the fre- for neurotransmitter release.2 quency and location of perceived sounds. Thus infor- Evidence for a role for SNARE proteins in neuro- mation processing not only depends on a fast underly- transmitter release has come from a variety of sources. ing process but also on the precise timing of synaptic The most compelling indication of the central impor- activity. Such high temporal fidelity must rely upon tance of the three membrane SNARE proteins is that very finely-regulated molecular mechanisms. However, these proteins are remarkably specific targets of tetanus until recently the identity of these mechanisms has and botulinum toxins, a group of potent neurotoxins been remarkably elusive. -
Defining the Kv2.1–Syntaxin Molecular Interaction Identifies a First-In-Class Small Molecule Neuroprotectant
Defining the Kv2.1–syntaxin molecular interaction identifies a first-in-class small molecule neuroprotectant Chung-Yang Yeha,b,1, Zhaofeng Yec,d,1, Aubin Moutale, Shivani Gaura,b, Amanda M. Hentonf,g, Stylianos Kouvarosf,g, Jami L. Salomana, Karen A. Hartnett-Scotta,b, Thanos Tzounopoulosa,f,g, Rajesh Khannae, Elias Aizenmana,b,g,2, and Carlos J. Camachoc,2 aDepartment of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; bPittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; cDepartment of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; dSchool of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100871, China; eDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724; fDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and gPittsburgh Hearing Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 Edited by Lily Yeh Jan, University of California, San Francisco, CA, and approved June 19, 2019 (received for review February 27, 2019) + The neuronal cell death-promoting loss of cytoplasmic K follow- (13). The Kv2.1-dependent cell death pathway is normally initiated ing injury is mediated by an increase in Kv2.1 potassium channels in by the oxidative liberation of zinc from intracellular metal-binding the plasma membrane. This phenomenon relies on Kv2.1 binding to proteins (14), leading to the sequential phosphorylation of syntaxin 1A via 9 amino acids within the channel intrinsically disor- Kv2.1 residues Y124 and S800 by Src and p38 kinases, respectively dered C terminus. Preventing this interaction with a cell and blood- (15–17). -
Identification of Synaptic Proteins and Their Isoform Mrnas In
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 91, pp. 12487-12491, December 1994 Cell Biology Identification of synaptic proteins and their isoform mRNAs in compartments of pancreatic endocrine cells (exocytosis/secretion/insulin/diabetes) GUNILLA JACOBSSON*, ANDREW J. BEANt, RICHARD H. SCHELLERt, LISA JUNTTI-BERGGRENt, JUDE T. DEENEYt, PER-OLOF BERGGRENt AND BJORN MEISTER*§ *Department of Neuroscience and tRolf Luft's Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; and tDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Beckman Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 Communicated by Tomas Hokfelt, August 30, 1994 ABSTRACT Several proteins that are of importance for clostridial neurotoxins, including tetanus toxin and botuli- membrane trafficking in the nerve terminal have recently been num neurotoxin B, whereas botulinum neurotoxins D and F characterized. We have used Western blot and immunohis- are capable of cleaving both forms of VAMP (10-12). tochemistry to show that synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin/VAMP VAMP-1 and VAMP-2 are encoded by two distinct genes (13) (vesicle-associated membrane protein), SNAP-25 (synaptosom- and are differentially expressed in the nervous system (14). al-associated protein of 25 kDa), and syntaxin proteins are Cellubrevin is a homologue of VAMP, which is present in a present in cells of the islets of Langerhans in the endocrine wide variety of tissues and may be a membrane trafficking pancreas. Synaptotagmin-like immunoreactivity (-LI) was lo- protein of a constitutively recycling pathway (15). calized to granules within the cytoplasm of a few endocrine cells In contrast to synaptotagmin and VAMP, the synaptoso- located in the periphery of the islets, identified as somatostatin- mal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) is located at the containing cells, and in many nerve fibers within the islets. -
Complexin Suppresses Spontaneous Exocytosis by Capturing the Membrane- Proximal Regions of VAMP2 and SNAP25
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/849885; this version posted November 21, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Complexin suppresses spontaneous exocytosis by capturing the membrane- proximal regions of VAMP2 and SNAP25 Authors: J. Malsam1,6, S. Bärfuss1,6, T. Trimbuch2, F. Zarebidaki2, A.F.-P. Sonnen3,5, K. Wild1, A. Scheutzow1, I. Sinning1, J.A.G. Briggs3,4, C. Rosenmund2, and T.H. Söllner1,7,* Author Affiliations: 1Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. 2Neuroscience Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany. 3European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. 4MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. 5Present address: Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands 6These authors contributed equally 7Lead Contact *Correspondence: [email protected]. Summary The neuronal protein complexin contains multiple domains that exert both clamping and facilitatory functions to tune spontaneous and action potential triggered synaptic release. We address the clamping mechanism and show that the accessory helix of complexin arrests the assembly of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor -
Mechanisms of Synaptic Plasticity Mediated by Clathrin Adaptor-Protein Complexes 1 and 2 in Mice
Mechanisms of synaptic plasticity mediated by Clathrin Adaptor-protein complexes 1 and 2 in mice Dissertation for the award of the degree “Doctor rerum naturalium” at the Georg-August-University Göttingen within the doctoral program “Molecular Biology of Cells” of the Georg-August University School of Science (GAUSS) Submitted by Ratnakar Mishra Born in Birpur, Bihar, India Göttingen, Germany 2019 1 Members of the Thesis Committee Prof. Dr. Peter Schu Institute for Cellular Biochemistry, (Supervisor and first referee) University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany Dr. Hans Dieter Schmitt Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute (Second referee) for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany Prof. Dr. med. Thomas A. Bayer Division of Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany Additional Members of the Examination Board Prof. Dr. Silvio O. Rizzoli Department of Neuro-and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany Dr. Roland Dosch Institute of Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany Prof. Dr. med. Martin Oppermann Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany Date of oral examination: 14th may 2019 2 Table of Contents List of abbreviations ................................................................................. 5 Abstract ................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................ -
SNAP-24, a Novel Drosophila SNARE Protein 4057 Proteins Were Purified on Glutathione Beads and Cleaved from the GST Fig
Journal of Cell Science 113, 4055-4064 (2000) 4055 Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2000 JCS1894 SNAP-24, a Drosophila SNAP-25 homologue on granule membranes, is a putative mediator of secretion and granule-granule fusion in salivary glands Barbara A. Niemeyer*,‡ and Thomas L. Schwarz§ Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA *Present address: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg, Germany ‡Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) §Present address: Harvard Medical School, Division of Neuroscience, The Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA Accepted 16 September; published on WWW 31 October 2000 SUMMARY Fusion of vesicles with target membranes is dependent is not concentrated in synaptic regions. In vitro studies, on the interaction of target (t) and vesicle (v) SNARE however, show that SNAP-24 can form core complexes with (soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein) syntaxin and both synaptic and non-synaptic v-SNAREs. attachment protein receptor) proteins located on opposing High levels of SNAP-24 are found in larval salivary glands, membranes. For fusion at the plasma membrane, the t- where SNAP-24 localizes mainly to granule membranes SNARE SNAP-25 is essential. In Drosophila, the only rather than the plasma membrane. During glue secretion, known SNAP-25 isoform is specific to neuronal axons and the massive exocytotic event of these glands, SNAP-24 synapses and additional t-SNAREs must exist that mediate containing granules fuse with one another and the apical both non-synaptic fusion in neurons and constitutive and membrane, suggesting that glue secretion utilizes regulated fusion in other cells. -
C-Terminal Domain of Mammalian Complexin-1 Localizes to Highly Curved Membranes
C-terminal domain of mammalian complexin-1 localizes to highly curved membranes Jihong Gonga,b,c,d,1, Ying Laie,1, Xiaohong Lia,b,c,d, Mengxian Wanga,b,c,d, Jeremy Leitze,f, Yachong Hug, Yunxiang Zhange,UcheorB.Choie, Daniel Ciprianoe,f, Richard A. Pfuetznere,f, Thomas C. Südhofe,f, Xiaofei Yanga,b,c,d,2, Axel T. Brungere,f,h,i,j,2, and Jiajie Diaoe,f,2,3 aKey Laboratory of Cognitive Science, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; bHubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis & Treatment, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; cLaboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; dCollege of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; eDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; fHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; gCenter for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; hDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; iDepartment of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; and jDepartment of Photon Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 Contributed by Axel T. Brunger, August 25, 2016 (sent for review June 21, 2016; reviewed by Jeremy S. Dittman and Erdem Karatekin) In presynaptic nerve terminals, complexin regulates spontaneous membranes via a membrane-binding motif (20, 21). -
Is Synaptotagmin the Calcium Sensor? Motojiro Yoshihara, Bill Adolfsen and J Troy Littleton
315 Is synaptotagmin the calcium sensor? Motojiro Yoshihara, Bill Adolfsen and J Troy Littletonà After much debate, recent progress indicates that the synaptic synaptotagmins, which are transmembrane proteins con- vesicle protein synaptotagmin I probably functions as the taining tandem calcium-binding C2 domains (C2A and calcium sensor for synchronous neurotransmitter release. C2B) (Figure 1a). Synaptotagmin I is an abundant cal- Following calcium influx into presynaptic terminals, cium-binding synaptic vesicle protein [8,9] that has been synaptotagmin I rapidly triggers the fusion of synaptic vesicles demonstrated via genetic studies to be important for with the plasma membrane and underlies the fourth-order efficient synaptic transmission in vivo [10–13]. The C2 calcium cooperativity of release. Biochemical and genetic domains of synaptotagmin I bind negatively-charged studies suggest that lipid and SNARE interactions underlie phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner [9,14,15, synaptotagmin’s ability to mediate the incredible speed of 16–18]. There is compelling evidence that phospholipid vesicle fusion that is the hallmark of fast synaptic transmission. binding is an effector interaction in vesicle fusion, as the calcium dependence of this process ( 74 mM) and its Addresses rapid kinetics (on a millisecond scale) (Figure 1b) fit Picower Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology and reasonably well with the predicted requirements of Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts synaptic transmission [15]. In addition to phospholipid Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Ãe-mail: [email protected] binding, the calcium-stimulated interaction between synaptotagmin and the t-SNAREs syntaxin and SNAP- 25 [15,19–23] provides a direct link between calcium and Current Opinion in Neurobiology 2003, 13:315–323 the fusion complex. -
A FAMILY of NEURONAL Ca2+-BINDING PROTEINS WITH
Neuroscience Vol. 112, No. 1, pp. 51^63, 2002 ß 2002 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd All rights reserved. Printed in Great Britain PII: S0306-4522(02)00063-5 0306-4522 / 02 $22.00+0.00 www.neuroscience-ibro.com NECABS: A FAMILY OF NEURONAL Ca2þ-BINDING PROTEINS WITH AN UNUSUAL DOMAIN STRUCTURE AND A RESTRICTED EXPRESSION PATTERN S. SUGITA,1 A. HO and T. C. SUº DHOFÃ Center for Basic Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Genetics, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, USA AbstractöCa2þ-signalling plays a major role in regulating all aspects of neuronal function. Di¡erent types of neurons exhibit characteristic di¡erences in the responses to Ca2þ-signals. Correlating with di¡erences in Ca2þ-response are expression patterns of Ca2þ-binding proteins that often serve as markers for various types of neurons. For example, in the cerebral cortex the EF-hand Ca2þ-binding proteins parvalbumin and calbindin are primarily expressed in inhibitory interneurons where they in£uence Ca2þ-dependent responses. We have now identi¢ed a new family of proteins called NECABs (neuronal Ca2þ-binding proteins). NECABs contain an N-terminal EF-hand domain that binds Ca2þ, but di¡erent from many other neuronal EF-hand Ca2þ-binding proteins, only a single EF-hand domain is present. At the C-terminus, NECABs include a DUF176 motif, a bacterial domain of unknown function that was previously not observed in eukaryotes. In rat at least three closely related NECAB genes are expressed either primarily in brain (NECABs 1 and 2) or in brain and muscle (NECAB 3). -
Calmodulin Suppresses Synaptotagmin-2 Transcription In
Supplemental Material can be found at: http://www.jbc.org/content/suppl/2010/09/08/M110.150151.DC1.html THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY VOL. 285, NO. 44, pp. 33930–33939, October 29, 2010 © 2010 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Printed in the U.S.A. Calmodulin Suppresses Synaptotagmin-2 Transcription in Cortical Neurons*□S Received for publication, June 1, 2010, and in revised form, July 23, 2010 Published, JBC Papers in Press, August 20, 2010, DOI 10.1074/jbc.M110.150151 Zhiping P. Pang‡1,2, Wei Xu‡§1, Peng Cao§, and Thomas C. Su¨dhof‡§3 From the ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and the §Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304-5543 ؉ Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous Ca2 sensor protein that modes of synaptic vesicle exocytosis are triggered by Ca2ϩ. The plays a pivotal role in regulating innumerable neuronal func- synchronous release mode exhibits an apparent Ca2ϩ cooper- tions, including synaptic transmission. In cortical neurons, ativity of ϳ5 (1–3), and the asynchronous release shows an ؉ most neurotransmitter release is triggered by Ca2 binding to apparent Ca2ϩ cooperativity of ϳ2 (3). The role of synaptotag- synaptotagmin-1; however, a second delayed phase of release, mins as primary Ca2ϩ sensors for synchronous neurotransmit- ؉ referred to as asynchronous release, is triggered by Ca2 binding ter release is well established (4–11). However, the molecular ؉ Downloaded from to an unidentified secondary Ca2 sensor. To test whether CaM identity of the Ca2ϩ sensor that mediates asynchronous release ؉ could be the enigmatic Ca2 sensor for asynchronous release, remains unknown.