Draft CHAR Clas EA Road Crossing Hwy 404 Between Major Mackenzie

CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSESSMENT REPORT CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPES & BUILT HERITAGE RESOURCES

CLASS ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ROAD CROSSING OF HIGHWAY 404 BETWEEN MAJOR MACKENZIE DRIVE & ELGIN MILLS ROAD

TOWN OF RICHMOND HILL & CITY OF MARKHAM YORK REGION, ONTARIO

July 2017 Revised November 2017

Prepared for: WSP Canada Limited

Prepared by:

CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSESSMENT REPORT CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPES & BUILT HERITAGE RESOURCES

CLASS ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ROAD CROSSING OF HIGHWAY 404 BETWEEN MAJOR MACKENZIE DRIVE & ELGIN MILLS ROAD

TOWN OF RICHMOND HILL & CITY OF MARKHAM YORK REGION, ONTARIO

July 2017 Revised November 2017

Prepared for: WSP Canada Limited

Prepared by: Unterman McPhail Associates Heritage Resource Management Consultants 540 Runnymede Road Toronto, Ontario, M6S 2Z7 Tel: 416-766-7333

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Purpose of Report 1

2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT & CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCES 2 2.1 Introduction 2 2.2 Environmental Assessment Act (EAA) 3 2.2.1 Municipal Class Environmental Assessments (MCEA) 3 2.3 Ontario Heritage Act (OHA) 4 2.4 Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport (MTCS) 6

3.0 CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 7 3.1 Introduction 7 3.2 Heritage Recognition 8

4.0 HISTORICAL SUMMARY 9 4.1 Introduction 9 4.2 Markham Township 10 4.2.1 City of Markham 12 4.2.2 Victoria Square 13 4.3 Town of Richmond Hill 14 4.3.1 Hamlet of Headford 15

5.0 IDENTIFICATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPES AND BUILT HERITAGE RESOURCES 17 5.1 Introduction 17 5.2 Description of the Existing Environment 17 5.2.1 Town of Richmond Hill 18 5.2.2 City of Markham 19 5.3 Description of Identified Cultural Heritage Resources 19

6.0 POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF UNDERTAKING ON CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCES 32 6.1 Introduction 32 6.2 Preferred Design Alternative 1B 33 6.3 Assessment of Potential Direct Impacts 33 6.4 Assessment of Potential Indirect Impacts 33

7.0 MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS 35 7.1 Introduction 35 7.2 Recommendations 35

SOURCES

APPENDIX: Historical Maps

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 1. Identified Cultural Heritage Landscapes (CHL) and Built Heritage Resources (BHR) located within or adjacent to the Study Area for the Road Crossing of Highway 404 between Major Mackenzie Drive and Elgin Mills Road. 23

LIST OF FIGURES

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Figure 1. Study Area Map for the Class EA Road Crossing of Highway 404 between Major Mackenzie Drive and Elgin Mills Road, Town of Richmond Hill and the City of Markham, York Region. 1 Figure 2. This circle on this map shows the site number and location for each cultural heritage landscape (CHL) and built heritage resource (BHR) identified in Table 1 [WSP, as adapted]. 22 Figure 3. The yellow rectangle shows the location of Site #4: CHL located at 10251 Leslie Street and its adjacency to the proposed right-of-way and multi-use path (shown in red) as part of the Preferred Design Alternative 1B [WSP|MMM Group]. 34

Cultural Heritage Assessment Report: Cultural Heritage Landscapes & Built Heritage Resources Page 1 Class EA, Road Crossing of Hwy. 404 between Major Mackenzie Dr. E. and Elgin Mills Rd. E. Town of Richmond Hill & City of Markham, York Region, Ontario

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of Report

MMM Group Limited, now WSP Canada Limited, retained Unterman McPhail Associates, Heritage Resource Management Consultants, on behalf of the Regional Municipality of York, to complete a Cultural Heritage Assessment Report (CHAR) of cultural heritage landscapes and built heritage resources for the Class Environmental Assessment (EA) Road Crossing of Highway 404 between Major Mackenzie Drive and Elgin Mills Road. The project is located in the Town of Richmond Hill and the City of Markham (Figure 1). York Region proposes to build a new road crossing over Highway 404 to expand the area transportation system to accommodate growth in travel demand that has resulted from the area development. This project is identified as a Schedule C, Class EA Study.

Figure 1. Study Area Map for the Class EA Road Crossing of Highway 404 between Major Mackenzie Drive and Elgin Mills Road, Town of Richmond Hill and the City of Markham, York Region.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised November 2017 Cultural Heritage Assessment Report: Cultural Heritage Landscapes & Built Heritage Resources Page 2 Class EA, Road Crossing of Hwy. 404 between Major Mackenzie Dr. and Elgin Mills Rd.., Town of Richmond Hill & City of Markham, York Region, Ontario

Highway 404 is considered to be a barrier between communities in Markham and Richmond Hill. Transportation plans for York Region, Markham and Richmond Hill support the importance and benefits of a Highway 404 road crossing between Major Mackenzie Drive and Elgin Mills Road. The proposed crossing is part of a series of four planned crossings of Highway 404 and it is identified in the York Region Transportation Master Plan (TMP) 2016.

The Region of York proposes new road crossing over Highway 404 the will provide the following results:

o increase network accessibility and flexibility; o reduce delays for residents and businesses; o relieve and diffuse demands on arterial roads, provide connections between communities and local amenities (e.g. schools, local retail, etc.); o support efficient transit uses (e.g. service interior of concession block); o support pedestrian and cyclist uses; o increase efficiency of the transportation network; and o support transit, walking and cycling.

This CHAR includes a summary of the history of the study area, a description of the existing conditions, the identification cultural heritage landscapes and above ground built heritage features 40 years of age and older found within and adjacent to study area, impact assessment and mitigation recommendations. Historical maps illustrating the study area are found in the Appendix.

2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT & CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCES

2.1 Introduction

The need for the identification, evaluation, management and conservation of Ontario's heritage is acknowledged as an essential component of environmental assessment and municipal planning in Ontario.

For the most part, the analysis of cultural heritage resources addresses those aboveground, person-made heritage resources of 40 years old and older in age. The application of this rolling 40-year principle is an accepted federal and provincial practice for the preliminary identification of cultural heritage resources that may be of heritage value or interest. However, its application does not imply that all built heritage resources or cultural heritage landscapes that are over 40 years old are worthy of the same levels of protection or preservation as heritage resources.

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2.2 Environmental Assessment Act (EAA)

An environmental assessment (EA) provides a decision-making process used to promote good environmental planning by assessing the potential effects and benefits of certain activities on the environment. In Ontario this process is defined and finds its authority in the Environmental Assessment Act (EAA). The purpose of the EAA is to provide for the protection, conservation and wise management of Ontario's environment.

The EAA applies to all public activities. This includes projects originating from Ontario ministries and agencies, municipalities, public utilities, and conservation authorities. Projects subject to the EAA are typically infrastructure developments and include such things as public roads and highways, transit facilities, waste management facilities, electrical generation and transmission facilities as well as flood protection works. Projects with the potential for significant environmental impacts are subject to an Individual EA process that requires formal Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) review and Ministerial/Cabinet approval.

The analysis throughout the study process addresses that part of the Environmental Assessment Act, subsection 1(c), which defines “environment” to include:

“...cultural conditions that influence the life of humans or a community;” as well as,

“any building, structure, machine or other device or thing made by humans.”

Infrastructure work and its associated construction activities may potentially affect cultural heritage resources in a number of ways. The effects may include displacement, i.e., direct impacts, through removal or demolition and/or disruption, i.e., indirect impacts, by the introduction of physical, visual, audible or atmospheric elements that are not in keeping with the character of the cultural heritage resources and, or their setting.

2.2.1 Municipal Class Environmental Assessment (MCEA)

The Municipal Class Environmental Assessment (MCEA) (October 2000, as amended 2015) outlines a procedure whereby municipalities can comply with the requirements of the EAA. It identifies potential positive and negative effects of new projects and expanded facilities. The process includes an evaluation of impacts on the natural and social environment including culture. The MCEA applies to municipal infrastructure projects, including roads.

Since projects undertaken by municipalities can vary in their environmental impact, such projects are classified in terms of schedules. Schedule ‘A’ generally includes normal or emergency operational and maintenance activities wherein the environmental effects of

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these activities are usually minimal, and therefore, these projects are pre-approved. A Schedule ‘A+’ activity is pre-approved by the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC), and therefore, work can proceed upon public notification of the project. Schedule ‘B’ generally includes improvements and minor expansions to existing facilities wherein there is the potential for some adverse environmental impacts, and therefore, the municipality is required to proceed through a screening process including consultation with those who may be affected. Schedule ‘C’ generally includes the construction of new facilities and major expansions to existing facilities.

The MCEA refers to the cultural environment and cultural heritage in the environment. The definition of cultural heritage resource(s) includes built heritage and cultural heritage landscapes. The Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport (MTCS) is responsible for the administration of the Ontario Heritage Act (OHA) and is as well responsible for determining policies, priorities and programs for the conservation, protection and preservation of Ontario’s heritage which includes cultural heritage landscapes and built heritage.

The MCEA states significant cultural heritage features should be avoided, where possible. Where they cannot be avoided, then effects should be minimized where possible, and every effort made to mitigate adverse impacts, in accordance with provincial and municipal policies and procedures. Cultural heritage features should be identified early in the process in order to determine significant features and potential impacts.

The MCEA defines built heritage resources and cultural heritage landscapes as follows.

Built heritage resources is defined as one or more significant buildings, structures, monuments, installations or remains associated with architectural, cultural, social, political, economic military history and identified as being important to a community. These resources may be identified through designation or heritage conservation easements under the Ontario Heritage Act, or listed by local, provincial or federal jurisdictions.

Cultural heritage landscapes means a defined geographical area of heritage significance, which has been modified by human activities and is valued by a community. It involves grouping(s) of individual heritage features such as structures, spaces, archaeological sites, and natural elements, which together form a significant type of heritage form, distinctive from that of its constituent elements of parts. Examples may include, but are not limited to, neighbourhoods, cemeteries, trailways, and industrial complexes of cultural heritage value.

2.3 Ontario Heritage Act (OHA)

The Ontario Heritage Act (OHA) provides the framework for provincial and municipal responsibilities and powers in the conservation of cultural heritage resources. Section 2 of

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the OHA charges the Minister of Tourism, Culture and Sport (MTCS) with the responsibility to,

“...determine policies, priorities and programs for the conservation, protection and preservation of the heritage of Ontario.”

Designation of heritage resources under Part IV of the OHA publicly recognizes and promotes awareness of heritage properties. It provides a process for ensuring that changes to a heritage property are appropriately managed and that these changes respect the property’s heritage value and includes protection from demolition. Section 27 of the OHA allows municipalities to designate individual properties (Part IV) and heritage conservation districts (Part V), to list individual properties of cultural heritage value or interest (Part IV) and to protect a heritage property with an easement (Part IV). The Ontario Heritage Trust (OHT) may protect a heritage property with an easement (Part II) and the Minister of MTCS, after consultation with the OHT, may designate a property of provincial significance (Part IV, Section 34.5).

Under Subsection 27 (1) of the OHA, a municipal clerk is required to keep a current register of properties of cultural heritage value or interest located in their municipality. The municipal register must include all properties designated by the municipality under Part IV of the OHA, all heritage conservation districts under Part V of the OHA, as well as all properties designated by the Minister of MTCS. Additionally, Subsection 27 (1.2) allows a listed” property to be placed on the register. Once a property or district has been designated and notice has been given to the OHT, the property is listed on the provincial register of heritage properties.

Heritage attributes, in relation to a property, are defined in the OHA as the attributes of the property that cause it to have cultural heritage value or interest. The Provincial Government has established “Criteria for Determining the Cultural Heritage Value or Interest,” for properties through ‘Ontario Regulation 9/06’. For Crown owned property, MTCS has established “Criteria for Determining the Cultural Heritage Value or Interest,” of properties through ‘Ontario Regulation 10/6’ and prepared the Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Provincial Heritage Properties (July 1, 2012) under OHA, Part III.1.

The alteration process under Section 33 of the OHA helps to ensure the heritage attributes of a designated property, and therefore, its heritage value is conserved. If an owner of a designated property wishes to make alterations to the property that will affect the property’s heritage attributes, the owner must obtain written consent from the council. This applies to the alteration of the buildings or structures, as well as to alterations of other aspects of the designated property such as landscape features or natural features that have been identified as heritage attributes. Although, listing non-designated properties does not offer any specific protection under the OHA, Section 27 (3) states if a property is included in the register under Subsection (1.2) and has not been designated under Section 29, the owner of the property shall not demolish or remove a building or structure on the

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property. The owner must give at least 60 days notice, in writing, to the council of the municipality of the intention to demolish or remove the building or structure to permit the demolition or removal of the building.

Provincial heritage properties are not subject to municipal designation under the OHA. The Province has the responsibility for the care of provincial heritage properties as already exists for private property.

2.4 Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport (MTCS)

The MTCS is responsible for the administration of the OHA and is responsible for protecting of Ontario’s cultural heritage resources, which includes cultural heritage landscapes, built heritage resources and archaeological resources. Since cultural heritage resources may be impacted adversely by both public and private land development, it is incumbent upon planning and approval authorities to consider heritage resources when making planning decisions.

Guidelines provided by the MTCS assist in the assessment of cultural heritage resources as part of an environmental assessment. They include, Guideline for Preparing the Cultural Heritage Resource Component of Environmental Assessments (October 1992), and Guidelines on the Man-Made Heritage Component of Environmental Assessments (1980). The Guidelines on the Man-Made Heritage Component of Environmental Assessments state:

“When speaking of man-made heritage we are concerned with works of man and the effects of his activities in the environment rather than with moveable human artifacts or those environments that are natural and completely undisturbed by man.”

The guidelines say one may distinguish broadly between two basic ways of visually experiencing cultural heritage resources in the environment, that is, as cultural heritage landscapes and as built heritage. Cultural heritage landscapes are a geographic area perceived as a collection of individual person-made built heritage resources set into a whole, such as, historical settlements, farm complexes, waterscapes, roadscapes, railways, etc. They emphasize the interrelationship of people and the natural environment and convey information about the processes and activities that have shaped a community. Cultural heritage landscapes may be organically evolved landscapes as opposed to designed landscapes. Some are ‘continuing landscapes’, which maintain the historic use and continue to evolve, while others are ‘relict landscapes’ where the evolutionary process has come to an end but important landscape or built heritage resources from its historic use are still visible. There are also ‘associative landscapes’ with religious, artistic, or cultural associations of the natural element rather than material cultural evidence, which may be insignificant or even absent. Built heritage comprises individual,

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person-made or modified parts of a cultural heritage landscape such as buildings, as well as structures of various types such as cemeteries, planting and landscaping structures, etc.

The MTCS guidelines for environmental assessment describe the attributes necessary for the identification and evaluation of any discrete aggregation of person-made features or cultural heritage landscapes, as well as the attributes necessary for the identification and evaluation of built heritage resources for environmental assessments.

As well, the MTCS provides the Ontario Heritage Toolkit, a series of guides that explain different aspects of the OHA, including the Planning Act, the Historic Places Initiative and other related programs. It states, to conserve a cultural heritage resource a municipality or approval authority may require a heritage impact assessment and/or a conservation plan to guide the approval, modification, or denial of a proposed development.

With regard to the protection of provincial heritage properties, the MTCS produced the Standards and Guidelines for Conservation of Provincial Heritage Properties (April 28, 2010), effective as of July 1, 2010, under the OHA. The Standards and Guidelines state government ministries and prescribed public bodies shall apply the “Criteria for Determining Cultural Heritage Value”, as set out in the Ontario Regulation 9/06 under the OHA. If the property meets the criteria in Ontario Regulation 9/06, it is a provincial heritage property. If deemed to be a provincial heritage property the “Criteria for Determining Cultural Heritage Value of Provincial Significance”, as set out in Ontario Regulation 10/06, is to be applied. If the property meets the criteria in Ontario Regulation 10/06, it is a provincial heritage property of provincial significance.

3.0 CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

Unterman McPhail Associates undertook a cultural heritage resource survey of built heritage resources and cultural heritage landscapes in 2016 and again in July 2017 for the Preferred Alternative 1B. For the purposes of this CHAR, the following tasks were undertaken:

o identification of major historical themes and activities of the study area through historical research and a review of topographic and historical mapping; o identification of associated cultural heritage landscapes and built heritage resources of 40 years of age and older within the study area through major historical themes and activities and historical mapping; o a windshield survey of lands within and adjacent to the study area to review the existing conditions;

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o consultation with the staff at the City of Markham and the Town of Richmond Hill with regard to heritage issues and a review of the respective municipal heritage registers to identify OHA listed and designated heritage properties located within and adjacent to the study area. o identification of sensitivities for changes and impacts to built heritage resources and cultural heritage landscapes through the review of the historical information, the survey results and municipal consultation; o assessment of potential impacts resulting from the selection of Preferred Alternative 1B; and o consideration of mitigation recommendations to ameliorate potential negative impacts to identified cultural heritage resources with regard to Preferred Alternative 1B.

3.2 Heritage Recognition

Town of Richmond Hill

The Town of Richmond Hill heritage staff was consulted in 2016 and again in July 2017. As well, the Town’s Inventory of Buildings of Architectural and Historical Importance (Fall 2016) was reviewed in July 2017 to confirm the current heritage status of five (5) properties identified within the project study area limits. They include:

o 1600 Major Mackenzie Drive East, municipally designated; o 1621 Major Mackenzie Drive East, municipally designated; o Horner Cemetery, northwest corner Leslie Street and Major Mackenzie Drive East, municipally designated; o 10200 Leslie Street, municipally designated; and o 10251 Leslie Street, municipally designated.

The Elgin Mills Cemetery, located at 1591 Elgin Mills Road south of Major Mackenzie Drive within the study area, was established in 1979. The Town of Richmond Hill has not identified it as a cultural heritage landscape.

The Richmond Green Park, located on the northwest corner of Elgin Mills Road and Leslie Street, located adjacent to the study limits, includes the Thomas Boynton House and the Richmond Hill Train Station, both municipally designated properties.

City of Markham

The heritage staff of the City of Markham was consulted in 2016 and again in July 2017. As well, the on-line Markham Register of Property of Cultural Heritage Value or Interest was reviewed to confirm the current heritage status of the four (4) properties identified within and adjacent to the project study area limits. They include:

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o 2718 Elgin Mills Road East, municipally designated; o 2730 Elgin Mills Road East, municipally designated; o Victoria Square, 19th century historical crossroads settlement, Elgin Mills Road East and Victoria Square Boulevard; and o 10137 Victoria Square Boulevard, municipally designated.

Heritage staff at the City of Markham undertook a Heritage Conservation District (HCD study for Victoria Square; however, it was determined not to proceed with a HCD plan. The community includes numerous heritage properties within the project study limits and listed on the Markham Register of Property of Cultural Heritage Value or Interest and. They include:

o Victoria Square Boulevard: 10350, 10720, 10724, 10729, 10732, 10737, 10748, 10754, 10756, 10758, 10760, 10761, 10762, 10766, 10768, 10769, 10803, 10975, and 11030; and o Elgin Mills Road East: 2929, 2972, 2992, 3009, 3026, 3046 and 3056.

Provincial

There are no Ontario Heritage Trust (OHT) owned properties, heritage easement properties or commemorative plaques located within or adjacent to the study area. As well no Provincial Heritage Provincial Properties are located within or adjacent to the study area and no Provincial Heritage Provincial Properties of Provincial Significance are located within or adjacent to the study area.

Federal

There are no National Historic Sites, plaques commemorating National Historic Persons and National Historic Events, Heritage Railway Stations, Canadian Heritage River or Federal Heritage Building within or adjacent to the study area.

International

There are no UNESCO World Heritage sites within or adjacent to the study area.

4.0 HISTORICAL SUMMARY

4.1 Introduction

The British Government acquired land from the Mississaugas in 1783 that stretched from Kingston in the east to Etobicoke Creek in the west. Known as the Toronto Purchase, this transaction was completed in 1787. In 1788, Lord Dorchester, Governor of British North America established the four districts of Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Nassau and Hesse to

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the west of the Ottawa River. The Constitutional Act passed in 1791 created the new province of Upper Canada from the four districts. Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe renamed the districts Eastern, Midland, Home and Western, and in 1792 announced the organization of the counties within the districts, including York County. Surveyor- General D. W. Smith developed the “Chequered Plan” for the location of the Clergy and Crown Reserves, two out of every seven lots set aside, as the survey methodology for each county township.

In 1800, the districts were divided into counties and around the same time the various township, county and district boundaries were regularized so each township was contained in a single county and each county in a single district. The Home District contained York (Toronto) and the York County, which was divided into four ridings.

Upper and Lower Canada united to form the Province of Canada in 1842 and Upper Canada became known as Canada West. Canada West was divided into twenty districts that were subdivided into counties, ridings and townships. As the districts were settled and their populations grew, they were further subdivided into newer and smaller districts. County governments took on the district responsibilities when the districts were abolished in 1849. The United Counties of York and Peel, formerly part of the Home District, existed between 1851 and 1866. In 1867, York County became a separate governmental entity.

4.2 Markham Township

The survey of Yonge Street, a strategic inland military road planned by Lieutenant- Governor John Graves Simcoe from York to Fort Penetanguishene, began in early 1794, and the road was opened to Markham Township in early 1796. The lots along Yonge Street were approximately 200 acres in size. For the most part, British immigrants, United Empire Loyalists and those who had served under the Crown during the American Revolution, settled on the lots.

Abraham Iredell surveyed the rest of Markham Township in 1793-94 laying down a ‘Single Front System’. It consisted of ten north to south concessions, 1¼ miles apart, from Yonge Street to the Pickering town line, divided by six sideroads, 1¼ miles apart, running east west. Each concession contained 200-acre lots, five lots located between every two sideroads. The original 200 acre lots in the Township were rectangular in shape with 100 acre parcels referenced as the east and west half. Since Yonge Street was maintained as a military road, the reserve plan was not implemented in the concession bordering the road. In the rest of Markham Township, the reserve lands were redistributed to the rear concessions.

Under a settlement plan by Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe, the government granted 64,000 acres of land to William Berczy. Under Berczy’s leadership the first German settlers from New York State began arriving in Upper Canada in 1794. They

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were assigned township land by the winter of 1794-95 in the vicinity of German Mills. Soon after in 1798, the Comté de Puisaye led another settlement scheme consisting of French émigrés who settled along Yonge Street. This arrangement ultimately failed and most of the émigrés returned to France by 1815. Peter Reesor explored the Rouge River area in Markham Township the late 1790s and family members began moving to Markham in 1804. This second wave of settlers comprised Pennsylvania Germans, including Mennonites, Lutherans and Brethern in Christ from the United States, who had escaped religious persecution. The height of the Pennsylvania German Mennonite movement into Markham Township was from 1803-07. After the War of 1812-14, British and American immigrants began settling in the township in greater numbers in the 1820s and 1830s. This early 1800s settlement resulted in the township land being rapidly cleared and given over to agriculture.

Smith’s Gazetteer (1846) describes Markham Township in the Home District as follows,

“This is the second Township in the province, in point of cultivation and amount of ratable property (Dumfries being the first). It is well settled, and contains many excellent and well cultivated farms. The land is generally rolling, and the timber a mixture of hardwood and pine. The village of Markham is situated in the south-east of the township; and the villages of Richmond Hill and Thornhill are partly in the township, being situated on Yonge Street Road. There are eleven grist and twenty- four saw Mills in the Township. Population in 1842, 5698.” 1

The Elgin Mills Plank Road was established in the mid 19th century as a toll road on the 18th Line between Lots 25 and 26. It ran east from Yonge Street to Woodbine Avenue, and then south from Victoria Square to Cashel to meet with the Markham and Scarborough Road at Milnesville. Toll gates were located at the 2nd, 5th and 8th Lines. The township assumed the whole sideline in 1868.2 Major Mackenzie Drive was opened between Lots 20 and 21 in the early 19th century as was Woodbine Avenue between Concessions 3 and 4. A section Leslie Street was opened in the early 19th century as a north-south concession road between Concession 2 and 3.

By the mid 19th century, the George McPhillips’ Map of Markham Township (c1853-54) depicts an established grid pattern of cleared fields, agricultural land and cleared concessions and sideroads. Tremaine’s Map (1860) shows an established agricultural landscape with farmhouses, local roads, schools, churches and small hamlets and villages (Appendix). The Markham Township Map in the Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of York (1878) continues to show a prosperous, and for the most part, rural landscape (Appendix). As township transportation routes were improved and the township population grew, population centres such as Richmond Hill and Markham were

1 Wm. H. Smith, Smith’s Canadian Gazetteer (Toronto: H. & W. Rowsell, 1846) 111. 2 Isabel Champion, ed., Markham 1793-1900 (Markham, Ontario: Markham Historical Society, 1979) 90- 91.

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expanded due to the growth of local industries that serviced the surrounding agricultural area.

Outside of the larger population centres Markham Township, topographic maps indicate it did not experience a great deal of change in the early to late 1900s (Appendix), remaining essentially remained agricultural in character. However, after the Second World War parts of the township came under development pressure as returning veterans and their families looked for areas to live while commuting to work in Toronto. Communities such as Richmond Hill and Markham expanded by annexing land from the township.

4.2.1 City of Markham

In 1971, the Regional Municipality of York was established with the result that northern portions of Markham Township were annexed to the municipalities of Richmond Hill and Whitchurch-Stouffville. The balance of Markham Township was incorporated into the Town of Markham. Since the 1970s, Markham’s population has increased substantially and urbanization has moved further northward to formerly rural lands. The Town of Markham was incorporated as the City of Markham in 2012.

Highway 404 was introduced into the Markham landscape in the 1970s as an important freeway corridor connecting Toronto to Newmarket. It became the western boundary of the municipality with regional government in 1971. The highway essentially a northern extension of the Don Valley Parkway, reached Sheppard Avenue just north of Highway 401 in 1967. The Province then extended the highway north of Sheppard Avenue to Highway 7 near Richmond Hill with construction beginning in the early 1970s. The first section from Highway 401 to Steeles Avenue was completed in 1977 and the remainder of the highway from Steeles Avenue to Davis Drive was built in several stages throughout the 1980s.3

The late 20th century residential development of Cathedraltown located between Highway 404 and Victoria Square Boulevard was built on the former Romandale Estate of entrepreneur Stephen Roman. Work on the Cathedral of Transfiguration, built for the Slovak Catholic Eparchy of Saints Cyril and Methodius of Toronto, began in in 1984 and Pope John Paul consecrated the cathedral in the same year. Stephen Roman died in 1988. By 2006, the unfinished cathedral, a major landmark in the area, was closed as a place of worship; it was reopened for public use in late 2016. Construction on residential part of Cathedraltown started in 2004.

Housing developments in the early 21st century, such as Cathedraltown, required the widening of Woodbine Avenue to accommodate increased traffic levels. As a result, the

3 Bevers, Cameron, History of The King’s Highway 404. Access: -- (June 2017).

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Woodbine Avenue By-Pass was opened to the east of Woodbine Avenue and north of Major Mackenzie Drive to north of Elgin Mills Road in November 2010. The section of the original Woodbine Avenue between Major Mackenzie Drive and north of Elgin Mills Road was renamed Victoria Square Boulevard to reflect its connection with the hamlet of Victoria Square. The Region of York transferred Victoria Square Boulevard to the City of Markham. The Woodbine Avenue By-Pass now acts as the regional road and has been renamed as Woodbine Avenue.

4.2.1 Victoria Square

The crossroads hamlet of Victoria Square was established in the 1830s on Lots 25 and 26, Concessions 3 and 4 at the intersection of Elgin Mills Road and Woodbine Avenue. In 1832, the Primitive Methodists met at the crossroads and a church building was erected in the 1830s. An associated cemetery was also established at the church. The Wesleyan Methodists built a second church in the hamlet to the south of the crossroads in 1845. William Durose received a tavern license in 1849, where William Cantly had previously operated an inn.4 A post office was established in 1854 under the name of Victoria Square with James Stoutenberg as postmaster.5

The hamlet is shown on the McPhillips Map (1854-54) principally on the southeast corner of the intersection. A schoolhouse is depicted on Lot 21, Concession 4 on Woodbine Avenue at Major Mackenzie Drive. Tremaine’s Map (1860) shows an inn and Primitive Methodist Church on the northeast corner and shops on the other corners of the crossroad (Appendix). William Frisby operated a blacksmith shop and a small farm implements shop with wheelwright John Rowbotham. Joseph Hall ran a carriage shop. In 1875, John Rowbotham opened a shop that produced wagons, bobsleds and undertook repair work for Frisby’s small farm implements shop.6

Jacob Heise acquired Lot 26, Concession 3 in the early 1800s. Christian Heise built a house on Lot 26 facing onto the Elgin Mills Road to the west of Victoria Square in the 1850s. He developed a plan of subdivision for eleven village lots at Victoria Square in 1875.7 The Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878) shows the development at Victoria Square principally on the northwest, northeast and southeast corners of the crossroads (Appendix). The post office, two churches and a cemetery are noted.

Levi B. Heise built a house beside Christian Heise on Elgin Mills Road in 1887. In Victoria Square, the Wesleyan Methodist Church was unified with the Primitive Methodist Church in 1884, and in the 1920s, it became the United Church. The inn was

4 Champion, Markham 1793-1900, 313. 5 LAC, Philately and Postal History, Post Offices and Postmasters, Victoria Square, York E.R. (Ontario). Access: -- (July 2017). 6 Champion, Markham 1793-1900, 311-313. 7 Jones, “Designation Report, The Christian Heise House c1859”.

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destroyed by fire in the early 1900s.8 The Victoria Square post office was closed in 1914.9 The hamlet continued as a small population centre in Markham throughout most of the 20th century. Today the hamlet has experienced expansion with modern development.

4.3 Town of Richmond Hill

Richmond Hill’s beginnings are closely linked to the development of Yonge Street, which reached the settlement in early 1796, and it developed in both Markham Township and Vaughan Township. William Berczy’s German settlement in Markham Township and the French émigrés settlers under the Comte de Puisaye lots on Yonge Street from Elgin Mills Road to Oak Ridges occupied lands in the present-day Richmond Hill.

Around 1801, Abner Miles, an innkeeper and merchant from York, settled on both sides of Yonge Street at Major Mackenzie Drive and built an inn, store and an ashery. A village began to take emerge around the Miles buildings between 1810 and 1830. James Shaw severed small frontages along Yonge Street for commercial development, on the east side of Yonge north from Major Mackenzie. By 1830, the centre of the community had two inns, two blacksmiths, a general store, a chairmaker, a shoemaker, possibly a bakery, and a church, cemetery and school.

Known briefly as Miles Hill and Mount Pleasant, the name of Richmond Hill had become well established by 1830. Yonge Street frontage on the west side of the village, either side of Centre Street, was developed in the 1830’s. The first post office was opened in 1836.10 Smith’s Gazetteer (1846) described Richmond Hill as follows.

A small village situated on Yonge Street, sixteen miles north of Toronto. It contains about 140 inhabitants. Churches two, Episcopal and Methodist. A stage runs daily from Richmond Hill to Toronto , and back again.

Post office, post every day.

Professions and Trades. – Four stores, four taverns, one watchmaker, one baker, two tinsmiths, two tailors, three shoemakers, one blacksmith

Principal Taverns. – Dalby’s (the stage house) , and Bingham’s.11

8 Champion, Markham 1793-1900, 311. 9 LAC, Philately and Postal History, Post Offices and Postmasters. Item 18957, Ontario, Victoria Square, York E.R. 10 Ibid. Item 16253, Ontario, Richmond Hill, York E.R. Access: -- (July 2017). 11 Smith, 160.

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By 1850, a village stretched from north of Major Mackenzie Drive along Yonge Street. From the 1850s to the 1880s, Richmond Hill experienced years of growth. By 1873, Richmond Hill was incorporated as a village. Economic stagnation affected Richmond Hill in the 1870s, principally due to the railway being built several miles to the west. The economy rebounded in the 1890s when the radial line was built along Yonge Street from Toronto.

In the early 20th century, greenhouses were built and other florists established themselves in the village; the village became the rose-growing capital of Canada. With the arrival of the automobile and beginnings of commuter travel to Toronto, major change occurred in Richmond Hill with residential subdivision. Building slowed down during the Depression and war years, but after W.W. II suburban growth changed the village.

Twentieth century topographic maps (Appendix) show Richmond Hill has continued to grow to the southeast and develop the former rural lands of Markham Township. The village had expanded its borders by 1957 to include major subdivisions to the east and had acquired town status. More annexed areas from the surrounding townships permitted residential and industrial growth.

In 1971, when the Province implemented the new Regional Municipality of York, Richmond Hill was greatly increased in size with Highway 404 as the eastern town limits. Leslie Street, Major Mackenzie Drive and Elgin Mills Road to the west of Highway 404 underwent redevelopment in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, which continues today.

4.3.1 Hamlet of Headford

David Horner and Anne Maria Kimmel and family, who were Pennsylvanian Germans of the Tunker or Dunkard faith, arrived in Markham Township in the early 1806 and settled in the area that later became known as Headford. Their property stretched from Leslie Street to Bayview Avenue to the north and south of Major Mackenzie Drive.12 The Horner family reputedly ran the first steam-operated sawmill in the township on their property.13 Upon the death of David Horner in June 1825, a family burial cemetery was established in the southeast corner of Lot 21, Concession 2. Following the interment of David Horner in 1825, twelve other family members were buried in this location.14

Milling activity, in particular that of John Burr and Rowland Burr, on the west part of Lot 20, Concession 3, attracted many tradespeople and others to settle on Leslie Street in the 1840s. They principally settled on the east side, just south of Major Mackenzie Drive. In 1838, Rowland Burr bought John Burr’s mill on the Rouge River as well as some additional frontage on Leslie Street. By 1841, land record documents show Burr had

12 Horner Cemetery, Commemorative Plaque. 13 Champion, Markham 1793-1900, 245. 14 Horner Cemetery, Commemorative Plaque.

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begun to sell one-half plots of land on Leslie Street, the beginnings of the hamlet of Headford.

Rowland Burr sold the mill and property to Thomas Johns in 1848, and Johns sold it to George Squires in 1849. Squires leased the mill to tenants including Thomas Farr and Mr. Ramsey. John Eyers, who purchased the property in 1862, added a woollen mill to the first mill site. The McPhillips Map (1853-54) shows the millpond and mill to the east of Leslie Street. Tremaine’s Map (1860) names Headford and shows the millpond and mill to the east of Leslie Street (Appendix).

The hamlet of Headford was established at Leslie Street and Major Mackenzie Drive. A post office was opened in Headford in 1856.15 Headford continued as a small hamlet with its population mostly associated with work or the fortunes of the mill throughout the reminder of the 19th century. The Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878) shows the community with a post office along the east side of Leslie Street south of Major Mackenzie Drive and the gristmill and the millpond on Lot 20, Concession 3 (Appendix). In the early 20th century, the Headford post office was closed in 1914.16 This closing marked a decline in the fortunes of the hamlet. The hamlet continued to be shown on topographic and road maps as a small community on Leslie Street at Major Mackenzie Drive.

North of Major Mackenzie Drive on the west side of Leslie Street and adjacent to Headford, the McPhillips Map (1853-54) and the Tremaine Map (1860) show Christian Hendrick as the property owner of Lot 26, Concession 3 with a sawmill on-site (Appendix). The Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878) shows Adam Hendrick as the property owner and a cider factory on-site (Appendix). Around 1885, Adam Hendrick built the existing brick farmhouse on the west part of the property.

North of Major Mackenzie Drive on the east side of Leslie Street and adjacent to Headford, the Tremaine Map (1860) shows the Lackie family owned the east part of Lot 22, Concession 2 and the Estate of Jacob Hendrick as the property owner of Lot 22, Concession 3 (Appendix). The Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878) indicates a farmhouse owned by James Casely was on Lot 22, Concession 2 and the George Hendrick on Lot 22, Concession 3 (Appendix).

15 LAC, Philately and Postal History, Post Offices and Postmasters, Item 16137, Ontario, Headford, York E.R. Access: -- (July 2017). 16 Ibid.

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5.0 IDENTIFICATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPES AND BUILT HERITAGE RESOURCES

5.1 Introduction

For the purposes of cultural heritage landscape and built heritage resource identification, this section provides a brief description of the existing environment of the study area delineated for the Class EA Road Crossing of Highway 404 between Major Mackenzie Drive and Elgin Mills Road in the Town of Richmond Hill and the City of Markham.

5.2 Description of the Existing Environment

The project study area is centred on Highway 404 with Elgin Mills Road to the north, Major Mackenzie Drive to the south, Victoria Square Boulevard to the east and Leslie Street to the west. The Town of Richmond Hill, which was established in 1957 from portions of Markham and Vaughan Townships, is located on the west side of Highway 404 while the City of Markham is situated on the east side of the highway. The Town of Markham became the City of Markham on July 1, 2012.

The study area lies within the Peel Plain physiographic region. The Peel Plain physiographic region comprises a clay plain that extends across the central portion of York Region. The land surface is flat to gently undulating. There is a gradual and uniform slope toward Lake Ontario to the south. The underlying geological material of the plain is a till containing large amounts of shale and limestone. Generally heavy clay soils overlay the till. The Rouge River Watershed is located within the study area.

The original forest cover of the Peel Plain was made up of maple, beech, oak and hickory forest; most of this forest was cleared with the settlement of the area in the first half of the 1800s. For the most part, the land in Markham Township was developed for agricultural purposes in the early 19th century. The initial clearing occurred in the first part of the 1800s and by the mid 1800s an established pattern of agricultural fields, hedgerows, tree lines, woodlots and rural gravel roads was well established. A network of small communities with schools and churches grew up along Yonge Street to support the largely rural population. Railway access became available in the mid 19th century and local roads were much improved in the early 20th century. The area sustained a well- developed agricultural economy into the latter part of the 20th century.

Twentieth century topographic maps indicate the northwest corner of Markham Township remained, for the most part, in agricultural and rural use throughout most of the century with some subdivision of lands. The construction of Highway 404 across the region in the mid 1970s contributed to the rapid urbanization of the area.

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5.2.1 Town of Richmond Hill

In 1974, the Town of Richmond Hill acquired the Boynton property that now contains the Richmond Green Park on the northwest corner of Elgin Mills Road and Leslie Street. The site includes the Richmond Green Sports Centre (1985), the Tom Graham Arena Complex and the Richmond Hill Sports Hall of Fame, soccer fields, picnic area, ball diamonds, a basketball court, skate park, a waterplay park, a Rose Garden and other gardens and ponds, an Amphitheatre, and Poultry and Cattle Barns for the Town’s Spring Fair. The Thomas Boynton House was incorporated into the park as the Boynton House Art Exhibition Space and the former Richmond Hill Train Station was relocated to the park in 1979. The lands at the northeast entrance off Leslie Street were added to the Green in 2001. The Boynton House and the former Richmond Hill CNR/CN Station in the Richmond Green Park are municipally designated properties under the OHA.

Elgin Mills Road to the west of Highway 404 crosses over the Rouge River. The north side of the road has modern commercial use and the south includes the Elgin Mills Cemetery at 1591 Elgin Mills Road East. The cemetery was established in 1979 and runs from Highway 404 to Leslie Street. At the Leslie Street intersection, the road has been transformed to urban commercial and residential use.

Major Mackenzie Drive also crosses the Rouge River just east of Leslie Street. Historically, the Rouge River provided waterpower for the Headford Mill. The Old Mill Farm, David Hislop House and the Headford Mill Remnant sites located at 1621 Major Mackenzie Drive, are accessed currently from the south side of the Major Mackenzie Drive just east of Leslie Street, The property is set back a distance from Major Mackenzie Drive. Currently, the Adam Hendrick House, known as Ambercroft, and located at 1600 Major Mackenzie Drive East to the east of Leslie Street is the site of the LiUNA Local Training Centre. The northwest side of the Leslie Street intersection is developed and the southwest is under development.

Leslie Street between Elgin Mills Road and Major Mackenzie Drive has been, for the most part, transformed from its former rural agricultural landscape into an urban landscape. The Elgin Mills Cemetery is located on the east side of Leslie Street south of Elgin Mils Road. To its south, a commercial development accessed by Via Renzo Drive and Performance Drive includes several large commercial buildings and land undergoing development. Via Renzo Drive crosses the Rouge River south of Performance Drive. There is a trail leading into the river valley on the west side of the road at the bridge. The George Barker farm complex, a municipally designated property, is located on the east side of the street at 10251 Leslie Street. It is one of two 19th century farms remaining along this section of the street. Performance Drive now runs along its southern boundary. On the west side of the Leslie Street, the Silver Stream Farm remains at 10200 Leslie Street surrounded by new development. Leslie Street crosses a tributary of the Rouge River just north of Major Mackenzie Drive.

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5.2.2 City of Markham

Two 19th century houses characterize Elgin Mills Road in the City of Markham, 2718 and 2730 (the Heise Houses), located on the north side of the road immediately east of Highway 404. The houses, which are municipally designated, provide a glimpse of the former rural environment of the area. On the south side of Elgin Mills Road, a vacant residence built in the latter part of the 20th century sits at 2705/2755 Elgin Mills Road. To the east of Highway 404 and the Heise residences, Elgin Mills Road characterized by early 21st century residential development until just west of the intersection with Victoria Square Boulevard (formerly Woodbine Avenue) where the historical hamlet of Victoria Square is situated. The crossroads historical settlement has experienced growth and change through the development of urban residential subdivisions.

The Woodbine Avenue By-Pass (now Woodbine Avenue), which cuts through Cathedraltown, was opened in November 2010. Victoria Square Boulevard runs north to south on the eastern limits of the study area. South of the historical hamlet of Victoria Square, the area is characterized by modern residential development. The former Victoria Square School sits at its southern end of Victoria Square Boulevard just northeast of the intersection with Woodbine Avenue.

The late 20th century residential development of Cathedraltown is located between Highway 404 on the west and Victoria Square Boulevard. Construction on the residential part of Cathedraltown started in 2004. The section of the development is centred on Hazelton Avenue while the newer part is centred on the cathedral building.

To the east of Highway 404 in the City of Markham Major Mackenzie Drive is characterized by 21st century urban development.

5.3 Description of Identified Cultural Heritage Resources

Principal cultural heritage landscapes and aboveground built heritage features older than 40 years of age, located within and adjacent to the study area were identified for this study. Generally, infrastructure improvements or replacement have the potential to adversely affect cultural heritage landscapes and built heritage resources by displacement and/or disruption during as well as after construction. Built heritage resources and/or cultural heritage landscapes may experience displacement, i.e., removal, if they are located within the Right-of-Way (ROW) of the undertaking. There may also be potential for disruption and/or indirect impacts, to cultural heritage resources by the introduction of physical, visual, audible or atmospheric elements that are not in keeping with their character and, or setting. Isolation of cultural heritage resources may occur due to severance of land for new infrastructure. The isolation of a built heritage feature often leads to demolition due to neglect and/or vandalism.

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A brief description of the identified cultural heritage resources, including cultural heritage landscapes (CHL) and built heritage resources (BHR), is included in Table 1: Identified Cultural Heritage Landscapes (CHL) and Built Heritage Resources (BHR) located within or adjacent to the Study Area for the Road Crossing of Highway 404 between Major Mackenzie Drive and Elgin Mills Road. The site numbers for the identified heritage resources are mapped on Figure 2.

Table 1 includes a site number, resource category, resource type, location, description and digital photograph. The following explanatory notes provide background material on the information contained in Table 1. o Resources are identified by category: Cultural Heritage Landscape (CHL) or Built Heritage Resource (BHR) and by type: hamlet, farm complex, residence, etc. o The municipal address, when applicable, and lot and concession number locates the identified cultural heritage resources. o A brief description of the cultural heritage resource, e.g., notable landscape features and structures on the property is based upon information gained from the public roadway. o Known heritage value as identified through listings and designations in municipal heritage registers under the OHA. o Digital photographs and an historical map with caption are supplied for each resource. They photographs were taken in 2016 and 2017.

Unterman McPhail Associates undertook a windshield survey of the study area in August 2016 to identify the remaining heritage resources older than 40 years of age to inform the EA study. Another windshield survey of the study area was completed in July 2017 to confirm the 2016 findings.

The survey indicated there was little evidence of the earlier rural agricultural landscape of the former Markham Township within the study area. There is a section of agricultural land running north to south along the east side of Highway 404 and west of the Woodbine Avenue and south of Elgin Mills Road to just north of Major Mackenzie Drive, as well as a greenbelt area following the Rouge River between Elgin Mills Road and Major Mackenzie Drive, west of Highway 404.

In the Town of Richmond Hill five (5) cultural heritage resources are identified within the study area, namely:

o 1600 Major Mackenzie Drive East (Site 1: BHR); o 1621 Major Mackenzie Drive East, David Hislop House and Hislop Mill Remnants (Site 2: CHL); o Horner Cemetery, Leslie Street and Major Mackenzie Drive East (Site 3: CHL); o 10200 Leslie Street (Site 4: CHL); and o 10251 Leslie Street (Site 5: CHL).

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The Elgin Mills Cemetery, located at 1591 Elgin Mills Road East south of Major Mackenzie Drive within the study area, was established in 1979. Due to its age at the time of the survey as less than 40 years of age, it is not identified in Table 1 as a heritage resource.

The Richmond Green Park, located on the northwest corner of Elgin Mills Road and Leslie Street includes the Thomas Boynton House and the Richmond Hill Train Station, both municipally designated properties. Although located partially within and adjacent to the study limits the park and its municipally designated heritage resources are not identified in Table 1.

In the City of Markham four (4) cultural heritage resources are identified within the study area in Table 1, namely:

o 2718 Elgin Mills Road East (Site 6: BHR); o 2730 Elgin Mills Road East (Site 7: BHR); o Victoria Square (Site 8: CHL), Elgin Mills Road and Victoria Square Boulevard; and o 10137 Victoria Square Boulevard (Site 9: CHL).

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Figure 2. This circle on this map shows the site number and location for each cultural heritage landscape (CHL) and built heritage resource (BHR) and identified in Table 1 [WSP, as adapted].

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The Tremaine Map (1860) shows the Christian Hendrick as the owner of Lot 21 and a sawmill on- site. The Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878) records Adam Hendrick as the property owner and a cider factory on-site.

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68-06. The Headford Mill Remnant Building B was built c1832. David Hislop House [Source: Inventory of The upper storey has been Architectural and Historical Importance (Fall 2016), removed. 86].

The Tremaine Map (1860) shows John Burr and the mill and millpond on the east part of Lot 20. The Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878) also shows the mill site and the millpond.

Headford Mill Remnant [Source: Inventory of Architectural and Historical Importance (Fall 2016), 86].

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wood rail fence surround View to the northeast of the Horner Cemetery site the site that includes a and cairn (2017). single fieldstone cairn with a commemorative plaque and a public bench.

David Horner, Anne Maria Kimmel and family, Pennsylvanian Germans of the Tunker or Dunkard faith, settled in the area that became Headford in 1806. A family cemetery was established c1825 in the southeast corner of the Commemorative plaque on stone cairn in the Horner Horner property. George Cemetery (2017). Monkman is shows as the property owner on the Tremaine Map (1860) and the Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878).

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Stream Farms. Historical photograph of the main residence, n.d. [Source: Richmond Hill LACAC Files]. The Tremaine Map (1860) shows the Lackie family on the east part of Lot 22. The Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878) indicates a farmhouse owned by James Casely was on the property.

Aerial view of 10200 Leslie Street [Google Maps, 2017].

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This view shows the barn and outbuilding at 10251 Leslie Street and the existing character of the southern property boundary on Performance Drive (2016).

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The Tremaine Map (1860) and the Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878) show Christopher Heise as the owner of Lot 26. Historically, the house is associated with the Jacob Heise family, important and early settlers in Markham Township.

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The Tremaine Map (1860) and the Illustrated Historical Atlas (1878) show Christopher Heise as the property owner of Lot 26. Historically, the house is associated with the Heise family, particularly Christian Heise and Leah Rhodes, who were important and early settlers in Markham Township.

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TABLE 1: IDENTIFIED CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPES (CHL) AND BUILT HERITAGE RESOURCES (BHR) LOCATED WITHIN OR ADJACENT TO THE STUDY AREA FOR THE ROAD CROSSING OF HIGHWAY 404 BETWEEN MAJOR MACKENZIE DRIVE AND ELGIN MILLS ROAD, YORK REGION Site # Resource Resource Location Description Known Heritage Photographs/Digital Image Category Type Recognition 8. CHL Historical Elgin Mills Road & Victoria Square The following Victoria Crossroads Victoria Square Square Boulevard Settlement Boulevard, formerly This crossroads community addresses are included Woodbine Ave., was formed in the early on the Markham Register (Lots 25 & 26 Con. nineteenth century at Elgin of Property of Cultural 3 & 4 geographical Mills Road and Woodbine Heritage Value or Interest Township of Avenue (now Victoria (Consulted on-line July Markham), City of Square Boulevard). It is 2017) as registered Markham. shown on the Tremaine properties: 10350, 10720, Map (1860) and the 10724, 10729, 10732, Illustrated Historical Atlas 10737, 10748, 10754, (1878). The first church 10756, 10758, 10760, (Primitive Methodist) was 10761, 10762, 10766, built in 1830s on the east 10768, 10769, 10803, 10975, 11030, and side of 4th Line, where the 11139. The property at cemetery is still located. Section of the Markham Township Map showing 10761 Victoria Square The Wesleyan Methodists Victoria Square [Illustrated Atlas of the County of Boulevard is municipally built a wood-frame church York, 1878]. south of the Victoria Square designated, Designation corner in 1845. This was By-law 2012-4. replaced by a red brick building in 1880. Victoria The following municipal Square had an inn in 1849. addresses on Elgin Mills A post-office was opened in Road East are included 1854. Today's residential on the Markham Register development of the area of Property of Cultural began in the 1990s. Most Heritage Value or Interest homes in the area are (Consulted on-line July single-family dwellings. 2017) as registered properties: 2929, 2972, 2992, 3009, 3026, 3046 and 3056

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The schoolhouse was closed in 1966 and converted to residential use and then commercial purposes. Currently, the Victoria Square Montessori Schools is located on this site.

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6.0 POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF UNDERTAKING ON CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCES

6.1 Introduction

This section provides a preliminary assessment of the potential for adverse effects from the proposed infrastructure improvements for the Class EA Road Crossing of Highway 404 between Major Mackenzie Drive and Elgin Mills Road in the Town of Richmond Hill and the City of Markham. This study is being undertaken in accordance with the planning and design process for Schedule ‘C’ of the Municipal Class Environmental Assessment (MCEA) (2000, as amended in 2007, 2011 and 2015).

The conservation of cultural heritage resources in planning is considered to be a matter of public interest. Generally, road improvement projects and new roads have the potential to adversely affect cultural heritage landscapes and built heritage resources by displacement and/or disruption during, as well as after construction. Cultural heritage landscapes and/or built heritage resources may experience displacement or direct impacts, i.e., demolition or removal, if they are located within the rights-of-way of the undertaking or an area of property acquisition for the undertaking, and/or they occupy sites or locations that are required for temporary construction purposes, ancillary services or secondary functions, e.g. temporary site construction offices, lay-down area and storage areas, etc. Land severance as part of the undertaking may result in the isolation of built heritage resources due to lack of access and the potential for demolition or removal.

As well, cultural heritage landscapes and/or built heritage resources may experience disruption, or indirect impacts, by the introduction of physical, visual, audible or atmospheric elements that are not in keeping with their character and, or setting. These indirect impacts may be temporary during construction, such as vibration impacts and dust particles, or permanent such as the introduction of new infrastructure. Other indirect impacts of a temporary or permanent nature may include, but are not limited to, changes in grading, alterations to built heritage resource setting and fabric as a result of visual, audible or atmospheric elements, and the removal of heritage attributes or elements from cultural heritage landscapes such as buildings and structures, tree lines, hedgerows, field patterns, etc.

The potential direct impacts (displacement) and indirect impacts (disruption) of this project are principally associated with the introduction of a new road right-of-way into the existing environment and its construction over Highway 404 between Major Mackenzie Drive and Elgin Mills Road. The new road will include active transportation (cycling and pedestrian) facilities and support future transit opportunities.

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6.2 Preferred Design Alternative 1B

The Preferred Alternative Solution was shown at the Open House in October 2016. The Project Team developed four Design Alternatives, namely, Alternatives 1A, 1B, 2A and 2B for analysis and evaluation based on factors including cultural environment. Design Alternative 1B was selected as the preferred option. The key elements of Alternative 1B include: o the construction of a new 4-lane road crossing over Highway 404 connection between Leslie Street and Woodbine Avenue; o an active transportation facilities (sidewalk and multi-use path) on the new road crossing that continues on Leslie Street and Woodbine Avenue; o new signalized intersection at Leslie Street, Via Renzo Drive and Woodbine Avenue; o a T-intersection at Markland Street (stopped control on Markland Street); o an intersection design compliant with Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA) with enhanced visual, aural and textural elements; o structures over the Rouge River and Highway 404; and o future opportunities for York Region Transit to enhance east-west transit connection; and o streetscape/landscape enhancements and mitigation measures for tree removals .

A windshield survey of the Preferred Design Alternative was completed in July 2017.

6.3 Assessment of Potential Direct Impacts

There are no anticipated direct impacts to the identified cultural heritage resources illustrated in Table 1 as a result of the selection of Preferred Design Alternative 1B.

6.4 Assessment of Potential Indirect Impacts

There is potential for indirect impacts to the character and setting of the cultural heritage resource identified in Table 1 as Site #4: CHL, the George Barker Property, at 10251 Leslie Street in the Town of Richmond Hill due to the introduction of a multi-use path along the north side of Performance Drive adjacent to the aid heritage resource (Figure 3). The property is municipally designated under the OHA, Designating By-Law 151-08.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised November 2017 Cultural Heritage Assessment Report: Cultural Heritage Landscapes & Built Heritage Resources Page 34 Class EA, Road Crossing of Hwy. 404 between Major Mackenzie Dr. and Elgin Mills Rd.. Town of Richmond Hill & City of Markham, York Region, Ontario

Figure 3. The yellow rectangle shows the location of Site #4: CHL located at 10251 Leslie Street and its adjacency to the proposed right-of-way and multi-use path (shown in red) as part of the Preferred Design Alternative 1B [WSP|MMM Group]. ].

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised November 2017 Cultural Heritage Assessment Report: Cultural Heritage Landscapes & Built Heritage Resources Page 35 Class EA, Road Crossing of Hwy. 404 between Major Mackenzie Dr. and Elgin Mills Rd. Town of Richmond Hill & City of Markham, York Region, Ontario

7.0 MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1 Introduction

A proposed undertaking should not adversely affect cultural heritage resources. Intervention should be managed in such a way that its impact is sympathetic with the value of the resources. When the nature of the undertaking is such that adverse impacts are unavoidable it may be necessary to implement management or mitigation strategies that alleviate the deleterious effects to cultural heritage resources. Mitigation is the process of causing the lessening or negating of anticipated adverse impacts to cultural heritage resources. It may include, but is not limited to, such actions as avoidance, monitoring, protection, relocation, remedial landscaping, documentation of the cultural heritage landscape, documentation of the built heritage resource if to be demolished or relocated, and the salvage of building materials.

Mitigation measures and best management practices will be implemented to address any identified potential impacts.

7.2 Recommendations

Since the potential for some indirect impacts to the character of the setting of the cultural heritage resource identified in Table 1 as Site #4: CHL, the George Barker Property at 10251 Leslie Street in the Town of Richmond Hill, a municipally designated property under the OHA, has been identified in Section 6.4, the following mitigation recommendation is provide with regard to cultural heritage resources affected by this project.

o Consultation between the Town of Richmond Hill and York Region should be undertaken to determine the appropriate landscaping design to be provided along the southern boundary of this municipally designated property. o Construction activities including laydown areas associated with the new road should avoid the municipally designated property at 10251 Leslie Street, Town of Richmond Hill. If, construction activities will affect the property York Region shall consult with the Town of Richmond Hill prior to any construction activities taking place.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised November 2017 Cultural Heritage Assessment Report: Cultural Heritage Landscapes & Built Heritage Resources Class EA, Road Crossing of Hwy. 404 between Major Mackenzie Dr. and Elgin Mills Rd. Town of Richmond Hill & City of Markham, York Region, Ontario

SOURCES

Adam, Graeme Mercer and Mulvany, Charles Pelham. History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario: containing an outline of the history of the Dominion of Canada, a history of the city of Toronto and the county of York, with the townships, towns, villages, churches, schools; general and local statistics; biographical sketches, etc., etc. Volume 1, Toronto, Ont.: C. Blackett Robinson, 1885.

Champion, Isabel, ed. Markham 1793-1900. Markham, Ontario: Markham Historical Society, 1979.

Champion, Mary B., editor. Markham Remembered. The Markham and District Historical Society. Markham, Ontario. 1988.

Chapman, L. J.; Putnam, D. F. The Physiography of Southern Ontario. 2nd Edition. University of Toronto Press. Toronto. 1966.

Duncan, George W. J. The Hamlet of Headford of mill wheels, oil fever & a burning schoolhouse…. Richmond Hill Local Architectural Conservation Advisory Committee. n.d.

Environmental Assessment Act RSO 1990, c. E.18. (as am. S.O. 1993, c. 27; 1994, c. 27; and 1996, c. 27).

Guideline for Preparing the Cultural Heritage Component of Environmental Assessments. Ontario Ministry of Culture and Communications and Ontario Ministry of the Environment, October 1992.

Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of York, Ont. Toronto, Ontario: Miles & Co., 1878.

Jones, Marie. “Designation Report, The Levi B. Heise House c1887 No. 2718 Elgin Mills Road, Part Lot 26, Concession 3”, prepared for Heritage Markham [nd].

Jones, Marie. “Designation Report, The Christian Heise House c1859 2730 Elgin Mills Road, Part Lot 26, Concession 3”, prepared for Heritage Markham [nd].

Municipal Class Environmental Assessment. October 2000, as amended 2007, 2011 and 2015.

Ontario Heritage Act. RSO 1990.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised November 2017 Cultural Heritage Assessment Report: Cultural Heritage Landscapes & Built Heritage Resources Class EA, Road Crossing of Hwy. 404 between Major Mackenzie Dr. and Elgin Mills Rd. Town of Richmond Hill & City of Markham, York Region, Ontario

Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport. Heritage Resources in the Land Use Planning Process, Toronto, 2006. Cultural Landscapes in Ontario. November 27, 2007. Eight Guiding Principles in the Conservation of Built Heritage Properties. Spring 2007. Heritage Conservation Principles for Land Use Planning. Spring 2007. Listing Cultural Heritage Properties on the Municipal Register. Fall 2016 Ontario Heritage Tool Kit. Heritage Property Evaluation, 2006. Designating Heritage Property, 2006. Heritage Conservation Districts, 2006. Heritage Resources in the Land Use Planning Process, 2006. Standards and Guidelines for Conservation of Provincial Heritage Properties (April 28, 2010).

Ontario Ministry of Culture and Communications and Ontario Ministry of the Environment. Guideline for Preparing the Cultural Heritage Component of Environmental Assessments. October 1992.

Richmond Hill. Urban Design and Heritage Section. Inventory of Buildings of Architectural and Historical Importance Volume 1. Revised 2008. Heritage & Urban Design. Inventory of Buildings of Architectural & Historical Importance. Fall 2016.

Robinson, Marney Beck and Clark, Joan M. Later Days in Richmond Hill: A History of the Community from 1930 to 1999. Town of Richmond Hill/Richmond Hill Public Library Board, 1999.

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Stamp, Robert M. Early Days in Richmond Hill. Richmond Hill Public Library Board, 1991.

Unterman McPhail Associates. Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment Report, 10200 Leslie Street (East Half Lot 22, Concession 2, Geographic Township of Markham) Town of Richmond Hill, York Region, Ontario. Prepared for the Town of Richmond Hill, February 2014.

Unterman McPhail Associates. Cultural Heritage Resource Assessment Report Built Heritage & Cultural Heritage Landscapes. Class Environmental Assessment (EA) Study Road Crossing of Highway 404 Between Elgin Mills Road and 19th Avenue, York Region Project 85810. Prepared for MMM Group Limited. September 2015.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised November 2017 Cultural Heritage Assessment Report: Cultural Heritage Landscapes & Built Heritage Resources Class EA, Road Crossing of Hwy. 404 between Major Mackenzie Dr. and Elgin Mills Rd. Town of Richmond Hill & City of Markham, York Region, Ontario

Unterman McPhail Associates. Existing Condition Report, Cultural Heritage Landscapes & Built Heritage Resources, Class Environmental Assessment Road Crossing of Highway 404 between Major Mackenzie Drive and Elgin Mills Road, Town of Richmond Hill & City of Markham, York Region, Ontario. Prepared for MMM Group. October 2016, Revised January 2017.

Unterman McPhail Associates. Supplemental Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment Report, Hislop Residence, 1621 Major Mackenzie Drive East, Mackenzie Common Development, town of Richmond Hill, Ontario. Prepared for DDR Major Mack Richmond Limited Partnership, March 2013.

Weiler, John. Guidelines on the Man-Made Heritage Component of Environmental Assessments. Ontario Ministry of Culture and Recreation, 1980.

York Region. Road Crossing of Highway 404 Between Major Mackenzie Drive and Elgin Mills Road Class Environmental Assessment Study, Open House #2. May 31, 2017.

Web Sites

Bevers, Cameron, History of The King’s Highway 404. Access: -- (June 2017).

City of Markham. Business & Development, Planning & Building, Heritage Services, Heritage Protection, Heritage Property Register, Markham Register of Property of Cultural Heritage Value or Interest. Access: -- (July 2017).

Google Maps Canada, 2017. Access: -- (July 2017).

Library and Archives of Canada (LAC). Philately and Postal History, Post Offices and Postmasters. Item 18957, Ontario, Victoria Square, York E.R. Access: -- (July 2017). Item 16253, Ontario, Richmond Hill, York E.R. Access: -- (July 2017). Item 16137, Ontario, Headford, York E.R. Access: -- (July 2017).

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised November 2017 Cultural Heritage Assessment Report: Cultural Heritage Landscapes & Built Heritage Resources Class EA, Road Crossing of Hwy. 404 between Major Mackenzie Dr. and Elgin Mills Rd. Town of Richmond Hill & City of Markham, York Region, Ontario

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National Topographic Series. Markham 30 M/14: Department of Militia and Defence, Survey 1909, 1914, reprinted 1917. Department of National Defence, Survey 1909, 1914, reprinted 1930. Army Survey Est. R.C.E., 1912, revised 1950, published 1963. Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, 1989, published 1994.

Tremaine, George R., Tremaine’s Map of York County, Canada West. G. R. & G. M. Tremaine, Toronto, 1860.

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Municipal Contact

Isa James, Heritage Planner, Town of Richmond Hill, July 2017

George Duncan, Senior Heritage Planner, City of Markham, July 2017

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised November 2017

APPENDIX: Historical Maps

Cultural Heritage Assessment Report: Cultural Heritage Landscapes & Built Heritage Resources Appendix Class EA, Road Crossing of Hwy. 404 between Major Mackenzie Dr. and Elgin Mills Rd. Town of Richmond Hill & City of Markham, York Region, Ontario

The general study area is shown in grey [Tremaine’s Map of York County, Canada West, G. R. & G. M. Tremaine, Toronto, 1860].

Map of Markham Township. [Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of York, Ontario. Miles & Co. 1878].

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised November 2017 Cultural Heritage Assessment Report: Cultural Heritage Landscapes & Built Heritage Resources Appendix Class EA, Road Crossing of Hwy. 404 between Major Mackenzie Dr. and Elgin Mills Rd. Town of Richmond Hill & City of Markham, York Region, Ontario

The general study area is shown in grey [NTS: Markham 30 M/14, 1917].

The general study area is shown in grey [NTS: Markham 30 M/14, 1930].

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised November 2017 Cultural Heritage Assessment Report: Cultural Heritage Landscapes & Built Heritage Resources Appendix Class EA, Road Crossing of Hwy. 404 between Major Mackenzie Dr. and Elgin Mills Rd. Town of Richmond Hill & City of Markham, York Region, Ontario

The general study area is shown in grey [NTS: Markham 30 M/14, 1963].

The general study area is shown in grey [NTS: Markham 30 M/14, 1994].

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised November 2017