BOLD AND BRASSY YUCCAS For East and West ERICAN

A Publication of the American Horticultural Society November/December 1997 $3.95

'\ CELEBRATING OUR DIAMOND ANNIVERSARY With Some Past AHS Award Winners

H. MARC CATHEY Horticulture's Showman KEN DRUSE His Favorite Photographs

a FRED GALLE Mr. Azalea Writes a New Chapter American lIorlicullural Sociely invi1es you 10 Celehrate the American Garden

lIislory ani) lIorHcullure with a Tennessee Spirit

NashviHe. Tennessee April 30 - May 2. 1998

'ii! Join fellow gardeners al our conference headquar­ 'ii! Vidit Cheekwood RohuucJ Garden with .us lers a11he Opryland lIo1el, wuh more 1han four acres of wildRower, perennl.J, herb, and Japanese gardens. indoor wa1er gardens, 15 restauranh, and 22 retrul shops 'ii! Take a spedJ dag trip 10 renowned plan!sman Don under one roof. Shadow's nursery 10 learn aboul new varieties of woody

'ii! Hear informative leckres by ouh1anding horHcul­ planls and h ees, wuh 11 side h ip to the famous Jack lurMs and meel1998 national award winners. W e'll Daniel's disullery in cl,armlng lynchburg. Jso honor the top three garden books of !he year. 'ii! Enjoy priva1e garden lours in !he Relle Meade 'ii! Tour the house and gardens of !he lIermHage, section of Nashville. Andrew Jackson's 191h-cenkry home.

For more information~ call tbe conference coordinator at (800) 777-7931 ext. 24. Watcb for program detail! and regidtration information in tbe Directory ofMember BenefiU mailed in January. co n t e n t s

Volume 76, Number 6 November/December 1997

DEPARTMENTS Commentary 4 Yuccas!!! 14 by Gary and Mary Irish Members' Forum 5 Pand01'a )s daylily, monarch eggs, a quiz. In a landscape, Adam's-needle and its relatives almost stand up and shout. Offshoots 7 Rot~t's only nat1Jt1'al. Beau Beau's Next Gig 20 by Kerry Hart Mail-Order Explorer 8 Talting a cue from Mark Twain, the AHS president PU1'veyors of tropicals. eme1'itus says 1'umors of his reti1'ement have been Conservationist's Notebook 10 gnatlyexaggerated. The Case of the Disappea1'ing Bog. The Gifted Mr. Galle 26 Gardeners' Information Service 11 by Kathleen Fisher A myste1,), vine, exploding ba1,k, wortderbe1'ries. Yes, M,'. Azalea's a holly expert, too. And clethra. Planting the Future 12 Andginger ... Houston youngsten get a taste of C01Jtnt1')'. A Sensuous Delight 32 Book Reviews 49 by Linda Marx Pennnials, natu1'al design, Texas natives. A FI01'ida couple were inspi1'ed by the Chinese to design their lakeside garden. Regional Happenings 56 Soda apple is micked and ha1'dy, too . A Winner's Winners 37 1996-1997 Contributors 58 by Ken Druse This amard-winning photographer tells us the tales Pronunciations 65 behind some of his favorite plant and garden portraits. 1997 Index 66

On the cover: This photog1'aph, of an old bam on the site of Towe1' H ill Botanic Garden in Boylston, Massachusetts, is a favorite of photog1'aphe1' and book auth01' Ken Druse. R ead the story behind this and other D ruse photos beginning on page 37. American Horticultural Society 7931 East Boulevard Drive Alexandria, VA 22308-1300 commentary (703) 768-5700

~ The American Horticultural Society seeks to prom ote and his issue of The A merican Gardener brings this recognize excellence in momentous 75th anniversary of the Am erican horticulture across A merica. TH orticulmral Society to a close. We hope you've helped us celebrate-by attending one of our 75 spe­ ~ cially designated events around the country, by plant­ PRESIDENT/CEO ing one of our 75 great plants, or by reading one of LINDA D. HALLMAN our 75 great books. It's time to focus on an AHS event that has been BOARD OF DIRECTORS Officers 1997-1998 a highlight of each year throughout our history-the W ILLIM1 E.BARRICK, PH.D. , CHAIRMAN AH S Awards Program . The Liberty H yde Bail ey Pine M 0''''' tam!!; Gemgia Medal is the highest award the society gives, and its KATY Moss WARNER, FmST VICE CHAIRMAN recipients must have made significa nt contributions La I" Buena Vista, Florida in three of the following areas of horticulture: teach­ NAl"lCY S. THOMAS, SECOND VICE CHAIRMAN ing, research, wri ting, plant exploration, administra­ Houston, Texas tion, art, business, and leadership . Although many of W ILLiAM A. PUSEY, SECRETARY W",hingt01>, D. C. these award winners have been fea tured in the pages of our magazine over the years,

CaARL~HENRYSNITrH J~, TREASURER one who has not until now is Fred Galle. Gall e was for many years the curator of hor­ Middleb,t1g, Vi'lJi11-ia ticulture at Callaway Gardens in Pine Mountain , Georgia, and is nationally known fo r his book, Azaleas. Now he has written an equally authoritative book on hollies. Read SHERMAl"l ADLER Hobe So.md, Florida our story to find out why this esteemed horti culturist isn't "Dr." Galle' L.M . BAKER JR. Amazingly, another Li berty H yde Bailey Medal winner we've overlooked was right Winston ·Salem, North CMolina in our own backyard-or rather, at our own River Farm. H . Marc Cathey, for four years KATHEIUNE M CKAY BELK president and CEO of AHS and now president emeritus, will continue to represent us Chm'!otte, Nm·th Carolina throughout the country as only this raconteur/scientist can . JAlI·n's L. CORFIELD DowneY>' Grope, Illinois T he gorgeous photography of Ken Druse appeared on last month's cover because ARABELU S. DANE one of his books made our li st of 75 Great Ameri can Garden Books and another was Boston, Massachusetts among the fi rst to receive our new Annual Book Award. We asked him to come back PAULECKE j R. to our pages this month because he's also a pas t award winner, of our 1993 H orticul­ Encinitas, California tural Writing Award. We asked him: What are his 10 favo rite photographs among the D OROTHY T. fRELAND thousands he has taken? H e tells us the assignment was fun but diffi cult- he couldn't Birmingham, Alabama get the number down to fewer than 14 and neither could our editors! We kn ow you'll WlLLlAl\Il R. MARKEN Los Altos, Califomia enjoy looking at the results. THEODORE R. MARsTON Our awards process is important to us because recognizing horticultural excellence Ki"kland, Washington has always been part of our mission. As members ofAHS , you can help us fulfill that IruS­ GENE M. M ILLER sion by suggesting worthy recipients for om 1998 awards. To receive a list of the AHS Sil",.,. Sp"ing, Maryland Annual Awards and nominating criteria, call us at (800) 777-7931, or visit om Web site EGON MOLBAK at http://members.aol. com/gardenal1s. Seattle, Washington DUDDEY M ORGAN N fls/""ille, Tennessee GEOFFREY L. RAUSCH Pittsbmgh, Pennsylvania VALERIE L. THOMAS Ak~,"''''ria, Vi'lJini« -Linda D . Hallman , AHS President/CEO R OBERT D . VOLK SM' Maril1o, Califon,ia

PRESIDENT EMERITUS DR. H . MAR,C CATHEY

4 THE A MER I CAN G A RD ENER November/ D ecember 1 997 THE AMERICAN members' GARDENER EDITOR KATHLEEN FISHER

MANAGING EDITOR ru m TERRI J. HUCK ASSISTANT EDITOR D AV ID J. ELLIS

EDITORIAL ASSISTANT SARA Err

DESIGN AND ART DIRECTION JOSEPH YA CINSKl D ES IGN

MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR D ARLENE OUVER

~ EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD N INA L. BASSUK Ithaca, Ne", York JOHN E. BRYAN SallSfl.lito, Califm->!ia JOHN L. CREECH Hemicrsonviti" Nurth CMolina KEITH CROTZ Cbi/ticothe, JIIinais PAl'lAYOTI KElAIDlS DenJ'.'; Colomio RI CHARD W. LIGHTY Greenvilte, Delaware PETER LOEWER Asheville, North Carolilla HEMEROCALLIS 'PANDORA'S BOX' Box', when they appear in June, are made ELVIN M CDONALD West Des Moi.,"s, IOIVa As already enthusiastic gardeners, we striki.ng by a dark purple eyezone. We may didn't foresee the significance of buying appreciate it even more for its vigor. It's fast ~ o ur first registered daylil y, 'Pandora's growing, producing multiple fa ns and a ADVERTISING AHS ADVERTISING O FFICE Box'. Tvvo years later, o ur gardens in ­ proliferation of blooms on a single clump. 4350 DiPaolo Center, Suite B clude mo re daylily cultivars than any And the blooms don't fade, even when the Glenview, IL 60025 other perennial. Like the woman of heat index reaches 120 degrees plus. Like (847) 699-1707 ' FAX: (847) 699-1703 Greek myth, we couldn't have begun to most daylilies, it's trouble free and will take COLOR SEPARATIONS imagine all that was awaiting us. But part shade as well as full sun, although it FILM GRAPHICS while Pandora unleashed a world oftrou­ won't produce as many blooms. PRINTER ble, we discovered a world of plants that No matter how many other great cwti­ BANTA PUBLICATIONS GROUP are virtually no trouble at all. va rs we coll ect in the future, 'Pandora's The Am.,·iean Gm'de"er (ISSN 1087 ·9978) is pub­ We were first drawn into the daylily Box' will always be one of our favorites­ lished bimonthly (January/February, March/April, world through a lecture by Andre Viette at for opening the dayWy world to us. May/June, July/August, September/October, No· vember/ December) by the Am erican H orticul tural his Fishersville, Virginia, nursery. We be­ Cynthia and Steve Johnson Society, 7931 East Boul evard Drive, Alexandria, VA came acquainted with some of the peren­ Richmond, Virginia 22308-1300, (703) 768·5700 . Membershi p in the Society includes a subscription to The American Gar­ nial's other alluring qualities through dcue1: Annual dues are $45; two years, $80. Interna­ Sydney Eddison's book, A Passion fo1' What's youI' favol'ite plant? Send 1,£5 a ShOTt tional dues are $60. $10 of annual dues goes wward magazine subscription. Peri0dicals postage paia at D aylilies. From full sun to bright shade, essay with a coloI' photog1'aph ofyounelj in Alexandria, Virginia, and at additional mailing offices. poor soil to newly amended beds, despite youI' ga1'den. Ifwe publish it, you'll have Postmaster: Please send Form 3579 to The Am"'i­ all the worst that Old Man Winter can youI' choice of one of the th1'ee books Teceiv ­ Catl· Gardelletj 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexan­ dria, VA 22308-1300. throw at them, we have found that daylilies ing this yea1"s AHS Annual Book Awa1'd. Botani cal nomenclature is based on A Synonymized have staying power. Whether an area re­ Checklist ofthe Vascular Florn ofthe United States, CrL1Jn­ quires a petite pink flower that can mingle MILKWEEDS 'N' MONARCHS tla ,.mtl Greenlalld and on the Royal HortiCltltrwal So· eiel'l I?ltlex ofGarden Plants. Opinions expressed in the with overpowering neighbor plants, or In the article "75 Great Plants for Ameli­ artides are th0se of the authors and are not necessarily something tall and bold to define the back can Gardens" (May/June) you say about those of dlC Society. Manuscripts, artwork, and photo­ graphs sent fo r possible publication wiU be returned if of the border, the dayWy fits the bill. Asclepias tubel'osa that "the monarch [but­ accompanied by a self·addressed, stamped envelope. We With tens of thousands of cwtivars avail­ terfly] lays eggs only on this milkweed." cannot guarantee rhe safe return of unsolicited marcri· al. Back issues are available at $5 per copy. able, every grower is going to have a dif­ I'm no lepidopterist, but personal experi ­ Copyright © 1997 by th e American HorbCllltural Soci· ferent opinion about which one is the best. ence as well as my fi eld guides tell me that ety Printed in the U.S.A. The cream-colored petals of 'Pandora's milkweeds, in the plural, are host plants for

Novembel' I Dec embel' 199 7 THE AMERICAN GARDENER 5 AHS PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL ALEXANDRiA COUNCIL OF GARDEN CLUBS Botanical Quiz MRS. ALBERTA WOOD ALLEN MR. AND MRS. RICHARD A.,'IGINO id you find your brain taxed this season by trying to recall the botanical MRS. RUSSELL ARUNDEL MRS. SUZAl'lNE FRUTIG BALES names of all your plants when the garden club visited? Are you poring MRS. JM'IES L. BARTLETT JR. over reference books in an effort to decide why yotu' azaleas died? MRS. WILLIAM BECKETT D MRS. KATHEIUNE MCKAy BELK Frequent conu-ibutor Andy Wasowski thought that fellow members might JEAN AND DANIEL BELL enjoy a gentler form of mental exercise. All oftlle answers to tlle questions DR. SHERllAN BLAIR MRS. MARY KATHEIUNE BLOUl'-1T below contain tlle name ofa plant or plant part. The answers can be found MR. KURT BLUEMEL among tlle classifieds (page 64). BaRDINE NURSERY, LTD. 1vlRS. NANCY H. CALLAWAY Ms. SUSAN M. CARGILL 1. What was tlle HMS Bowl'bty}s cargo on its infamous last voyage? DR. A1'1D MIlS. H. MARC CATHEY 2. MR. A1'1D MIlS. GLEN CHARLES What is tlle first vegetation mentioned in the Bible? MRS. LM!MOT DUPONT COPELAND iI. What is the symbol oftlle Royal Family ofJapan? MR. AND MRS. JAMES L. CORFIELD 4. What flower is associated witl1 disabled war veterans? MARGERY HALE CRANE MS. MAUR.E.EN DE S.. CRO,X 5. What fi'uit do we get fi.-om New Zealand? DISnUCT n, T'HE NCAFEDERATION 6. By what name was John Chapman better known? OF GARDEN CLUBS, INC. MRS. BEVE1'-LEY WHITE DUNN 7. What term describes u-opical countries depmdent on fruit exports? MR. PAllLEOKE]R. 8. What inexpensive piece of furniture was found in many singles' pads DR. JOHN ALEX :FLom JR. during tlle 1960s and '70s? MRS. ETHEL w. FOLEY GOI.;DSM('FlJ; SEEDS, rNC. 9. What was often loaded into Civil War ca.nnons? MRS. MARION E . GREENE 10. How does one describe a coward? MR. GERALD T. HALPIN MRS. RICHARD W. Ht\MM[NG 11. What vegetable did the 19t1l-cenurry monk Gregor Mendel use in ills !viR. AND MRS. MAX NARTL experiments on genetics? MR. AND MM. JOSEJIH B. HARrMEYER MRS. ENfD A. HAUPT 12. What conflict took place between 1455 and 1485? MRS. Etsm HIILLlARD liILLMAN 13. What's anotller term for a divorcee? MR. CLAUDE HOPE MIlS. RrCHARf> J. Hol'P 14. What keeps oxfords in shape? MR. PB'lLlJl BUE¥ 15. When everytlung is going smooduy, what don't you want to do? MS. PATRICIA JO'&SAAS MRs. JANE KAMMERER MRS. HF;LEN KOVAOH MR. AND MRS. ROBERTE. KUl.JP JR. MR. AND MIlS. G£RSON LErnER MR. AND MRS. MILTON 'I). LEIGHTON the monarch. It is quite easy to find to butterflies, but tllat tlley lay eggs on and MRS. CAROLYN MARSM LINDSAY monarch eggs on the common milkweed, eat tlle leaves ofcommon milkweed as tlley LOSANGEVESFLOWER~T OF 'liRE AMERICAN FLORISTS' EX.CHANGE A . syriaca, which rrnlike A . tube1rosa is metamorphose from egg to caterpillar to MRS. Tf.lOMAS MARSHALL widespread in our area. Schoolchildren chrysalis to butterfly. MR. T'F'IEODORE R. lvlARS;rON DR. At-FRED S. MARTIN often raise monarchs in the classroom from Try looking at tlle undersides ofleaves MRS. FRANCES B. M CALLISTER eggs they have collected from this milk­ for egg clusters . MRS. BERY McDoNAW MR. JOHN MCDOUGALL weed. I have also seen monarch caterpillars Vi1'lJinia OrOlVell joneI M'RS. MARTYN L. M!fLLER on an A. inca1rnata growing in my garden. Martha}s Vineya1rd) MajJach~tsetts MR. AND MRS. EGON MOLBAK MONROVIA NURSERY COMPANY Perhaps tllis is a minor poil1!t, but since MRS. WALTER M . MORGAN JR. "butterfly gardening" is becoming not Yes) we should have said «the milkweed) MS. eMOL C. ;MOIUUSON r MK WlIJLIMI G. ;PA1'1NILL only popular but supportiv~ of shrinking 1ather than «this milleweed. )} There are PATRICIA L. PIERCE Al'iD O UYER C. SMITH butterfly populations, I tllought it useful to many Asclepias specieI native to the United MRS. FRANCES JONES POETlflowers, slu-ubs, and trees tllat AHS Online MR. E!MANUF;L SREMIN I love best, including a real favorite: Ascle­ MR. CHARIi..ES HENRY St,MTH JR. SOUTNBRN PROGRESS COlillORAlll0N pias tuberosa, or butterfly weed. Listed as a BE SURE TO CHECK OUT the new MRS. PETER SPA!;DING rR. state endangered species, it's actually quite AHS Web site at hl'tp://men.lbers. MR. AND MRS. WILLIAM M. SPENCER III MR. AND MRS. JORNTHOMAS abundant on om island. You mention tllat aol.com/gardena!ls. We'll be posting NANCY S. 1'.I-lOMAS monarch butterflies lay eggs only on this all kinds of information for members, MllS. HARRY VAN DE KAMl' MR. JAMES A . VAN SWEDEN milkweed. In fact, when my kids were snch as the gardens and flower shows MR. AND MRS. ROBERT D. YOLK young and we lived ll~ Mystic, Connecticut, across the COlUltry tllat adm.it AHS Ms. KAn Mess WARNER MIlS. HARVEY C. Wf.lITE we always picked milkweed (A. s)wiaca) I members for free. We'll also 1.J.pcl.ate you MR. JOHNW. WHI'TE believe) ll1 1ate August and early September on discounted garden books and AHS MR. SM1UEI:. A. WIGLEY meetings and study tours. And you'll MRS. MARrLLYN B. WILSON and raised many monarchs that we released YACHT HAVEN GARDEN CLUB to fly SOUtll after they "hatched." Back on have a chance to make norninations for MR. AND MRS. N. EMERSON YOUNG the island we've continued tlle practice. I our Annual Awards. believe tlut butterfly weed is very am-active

6 THE AMERICAN GARDENER fshoots

THE YOUNG AND THE ROTlESS I know several confused boys and girls witll parents who are constantly mistaken as their slightly older siblings. Where does by Steve B1Ittter111.an it all end? I mean , the Parthenon is crumbling. Are we all to out­ las t it, and o ur vegetables too? I propose that a tomato sho uld nce I've spaded compost into my garden and bade it look li ke a tomato, and sho uld furthermore act its age. fa rewell until spring, my off-season ac ti vities are simple: O f course, a certain party at my ho use who frequently com­ Odaydream sketches of next year's ga rden and whatever plains abo ut the inevitabl e springtime topsoil shoeprints on her armchair gardening I can cull fro m the dense thicket of avai labl e majesti c ca rpet mi ght brighten at the news of these tomatoes "green literature." I sometimes also play couch potato- or more that do n't rot. Surely, she'll hope, garden soil tllat doesn't track accurately Lazy-Boy to mato-when a gardening program can't be fa r behind. sprouts from the TV. U nlike my Bad Vibes and me, she'll not consider the nega- Recently I read a viewing-guide listing for a late- ni ght nature ti ve effects. For instance, how will the hyperactive neigh­ channel special about tomatoes tllat don 't rot. Since I read tll e bo rh ood imps react when deprived of their listing in the earl y afternoon, I had hours in whi ch annual rotten-tomato wa rs? We certainly can't to anticipate this. Yo u 'd think that excite- let them hurl immo rtal, stenchless- ma- ment would have filled me or grabbed me nured , dryless-watered to matoes, or at least pinched my cheek. Instead I now can we? was seized by a gang of Bad Vibes, who rutlllessly interrogated me with A SCARY SCENARIO troublesome questions. Eve n m a ny n o n ga rd e n e rs For example, what uncommo n (brutes l ) grow at least a back­ fertilizatio n techniques would we ya rd tomato plant or two each use on tllese incorruptible tomatoes? summer. By century's end, we Manure tllat doesn't stink? And will co uld face a tomato populati on we be required to sprinkle them only explosio n crisis. My Bad Vibes with water fr o m some mail -order and I fo resee violence and anar­ Fountain-of-Yo uth mo nopoly se lling ch y. Even virtuo us, red-juiced Early water that doesn't dry? If so, at what Girls and Better Boys will not escape price? To pay for it, will we need checking unscathed . acco unts that do n' t dwindle, o r credit card Natural processes are supposed to be companies that don't bill? gardeners' fri ends. Consider what fo ul in­ Not love ofBLTs but lust fo r proftts must be fluences those unnaturall y self-centered behind development oftllese excessively dignified tomatoes could exert. We envision compost tomatoes, I concluded, with the approval of my that doesn't decay, annuals that do n't go to Bad Vibes . We can tlunk the eternal-youth move- seed, honeybees that aren't busy-in short, gar­ dens that do n't grow! The Parthenon is crumbling. While conversing with these philosophical, somewhat long-'winded Bad Vibes, I missed the TV Are we all to outlast it, and our show. Its ho ur passed, and that was just hunley- dory vegetables too? I propose that with me. It'll never take hold anyhow, at least not in • ,'\, IS,' , my plot of earth, or so I decided after ki cking the a tomato should act Its age. 'Il ~~ . Bad Vibes o ut. After all , to matoes that do n' t rot ~ ?l :I~' . .~ sound suspicio usly like what we already have at the ment and its corporate wish fulfill ers: the purveyors offace J. '~1· ~f . .• : supermarket: tomatoes that don't tas te. The trend­ lifts (biepharoplasty) and nose jo bs (rhinoplasty), tummy . ,li ~i :l . .. . .l. setters should focus their energies on mo re practical tucks and fanny fa kes, im ~ l a nt s of teeth and hair and ~!.::1:;.:;~_ :c~ matters-say vines that do n' t climb and breast bulk. Now that they ve reversed all o uter signs C''!r''''''''' ' ':'''''<~'~~-'' ", plapenos that do n't burn. of human wrinkling and sagging, bulging and 1~"-:""''"~t:,,:-"~~ :,,,~Ji.. balding, they've aimed their g reed -glazed "",-J~" ~,",,,\""'n':'">h''' :/j' ~'...... ,_: " _ Steve Butte1'man is a free -Lance llwitel' gaze at aging tomatoes (lycopersiplasty) . fSi I ..../I:a; ii/V!2- living in Buc)w1Jts) Ohio.

No 11 e m b (1' / Dec e m b e l' 1 9 9 7 TH E A ME RI CAN GARD ENER 7 orer

HERE COME THE TROPICALS ed the business in 1983, this Leander, Texas, nursery has since 1993 been managed by Harry Leuzinger in partnership with by David J. Ellis Paul Tomaso and the Eggenbergers. A nurseryman with a de­ gree in botany, Leuzinger says the nursery has a reliable cus­ n case you hadn't noticed, tropicals are hot stuff. It used to be that tomer base of about 5,000 within North America, mostly only gardeners in California, Flotida, and Texas used them out­ from California, Texas, Florida, and New York, but with a few Idoors with confidence. But now the rest of us are deciding that in almost every state. "I ship plumerias to Alaska," notes their exotic flowers and flamboyant foliage deserve to be focal points Leuzinger. in containers or even flower beds. Those who live north of USDA Plumerias (more than 70 selections) remain the nursery's Zone 7 are overwintering them as pot plants, cuttings, or rhizomes mainstay. "We always have new introductions in the catalog, but packed in vermiculite, or discarding them after a season, reason­ I'm still amazed at how many plain old plumerias we sell ," says ing that the plants have given their money's worth of pleasure. Leuzinger, referring to the more common varieties of this trop­ So with the gray days of November upon us, we hope to add a ical tree, also known as the frangipani . Hi biscus (50 selections) splash of color to the winter days ahead with brief biographies of are also hot sellers, as are heliconias, gingers, caJmas, bougainvil­ mail-order nurseries that specialize in tropical plants. To narrow leas, and jasmines. A myriad of other exotic flowering shrubs, the field, we excluded nurseries that deal primarily in traditional vines, and bulbs make up the nearly 1,000 plant selections avail­ house plants, succulents, bromeliads, or orchids and focused in­ able at aJ1y one time. stead on purveyors of a wide range of tropical trees, shrubs, vines, According to Leuzinger, small plants such as jasmines, hibis­ and herbaceous plants. cus, and bougainvillea come in four-inch pots, while plumerias can Our research revealed that a popular source of tropical plants be ordered as rooted or unrooted cuttings, depending on the time and butterfly gardening supplies, Brudy's Exotics of Houston, of yeaJ·. "Generally, unrooted cuttings are available early in the year Texas, has gone out of business, and that Crockett's Tropical Plants aJ1d rooted cuttings are available later," he says . in Harlingen, Texas, no longer accepts retail mail-order requests. STOKES TROPICALS THE PLUMERIA PEOPLE PO. Box 9868, New Iberia, LA 70562-9868, (800) 624-9706, 910 Leander Drive, Leandel" TX 78641, (512) 259-0807. Cat­ lVlVlV.stoleestropicals.com. Catalog $4, deductible. Minimum O1'der $20. alog $3, deductible. Minimum O1rder $20. Glenn Stokes is the new kid on the block in the mail-order tropi­ The brainchild of Mary and Richard Eggenberger, who start- cal plant business, but in July 1995 he can1e in with a baJ1g, offer-

'Penang Peach', far left is one of more than 70 plumerias sold by the Plumeria People in Leander, Texas. One of the trendiest tropicals is a ginger known as the Siam tulip, left, offered by Stokes Tropicals in New Iberia, Louisiana.

8 THE AMERICAN GARDENER NovemberlDecembel' 199 7 ing a color catalog loaded with a staggering va ri ety of tropi cals. "We are actually the largest single ctisu'ibutor of the four major groups ofu'opicals in the world," cl ai ms Stokes, who lists 100 ba­ nana selecti ons, 110 plumeri as, 150 gin gers, and 40 heli coni as among the 500-odd plants in his current catalog. The inspiring story of "I grew up in the nursery busi ness- my grandfa ther, Sa m Polly Hill who, at age 50, Stokes, was the fi rs t nurseryman in Loui siana, and o n the other side of the fa mily my mother's brothers were in the nurs­ began to study which woody ery business," says Sto kes. A biologist and entomologist by u'aining, he fi rs t gained an appreciati on for exotic plants while plants and trees would grow traveling and working in the tropics as a malari a speciali st. on her Martha's Vineyard farm One of Stokes' hottest commoctities is a ginger fro m T hai land called the Siam tulip (Cun1lf,ma alismatifolia). With a blooming - when started from seed. season from May to August, it is being touted as a summer ver­ Her resulting introductions sion of the tulip, ideal for mass plantings and cut fl owers. "It's a wonderful plant with a lot of potential," says Stokes . "It tal

THE BANANA TREE TO ORDER CAL L 888 -490-8440 715 N01rthampton Street, Easton, PA 18042. Orden can be made through the company's Web site: banana-tree. com. A new p1rint­ ed catalog ($2) is expected to be available next yea1'. Miniml1,m :\"'V~ ~'tJy4' :\... y~ ~'tJi'4' :\... y~ >;'Y'" .,.y~,,;-y'" .,.y~ a;.y ... O1rde1r $8.50. T H , Fred Saleet, principal owner of the Banana Tree in Easton, Penn­ POLLY HILL ARB OR ETU M sylvania, holds the longevity edge on tropica l pl ant nurseri es, P.O. Box 561, WEST l'lSBURY, MA 02575 having been in business since 1955. A botanist by training, Saleet for many years sold tropicals mainJy to laboratories, universities, and botanical gardens before word of his nurse ry inexorabl y found its way to tropical plant buffs . A steady strea m of cus­ tomers seek his offerings of he li coni as (60 varieti es), gingers (in­ REMEMBER THE cluding A lpinia, Curcuma, H edychium, K aempf e1ria, and Zingibe1' species), cycads, bulbs, vines, and palms. H e also sell s AMERICAN HORTlClJLTlJRAL SOCIETY fresh seeds of a wide variety of tropicals from Acacia u'ees to pa­ IN YOlJR WILLOR TRlJST payas (Ca1rica spp.) and fro m birds-of-paractise (Strelitzia spp. ) to Asian vegetables and other exotic edi bles . Some of Saleet's AHS provides reliable, up-to-date information on issues of seeds are so fresh that they are still exuding moisture and can be­ immediate concern to gardeners and the greater community. come moldy in transit. T his can be alarming to new customers The Society's mission is to nurture the active development of the United States as a nation of successful who have never received fresh seeds before. "People we have and environmentally responsible gardeners. worked with over the years know to wash the seeds and use a fungicide," he explai ns. You can help support us in our mission by making gifts The Banana Tree's principal clientele is stiJl botanical institu­ to AHS during your lifetime or under the terms of your will tions and experienced gardeners who don't require too much through what is known as planned giving. detailed instruction on how to successfully grow some of the To learn more about how you can support AHS, contact our more culturally complex plants Saleet sells. "Those who love Endowment Office at 7931 East Boulevard Drive, what we do have become enamored of Theob1roma cacao­ Alexandria, VA 22308-1300, chocolate," says Saleet. "We sell millions of seeds of chocolate, (703) 768-5700 ext. 25. something the average grower of perennials and ann uals may even have trouble getting to germinate." From customers looking for something less problematic, Saleet says he gets a lot of requests for heli conias, gingers, kiwi, and tea (Camellia sinensis). And, of course, for seeds and corms of the Banana Tree's namesake plant. "We always hope that the people who buy bananas foll ow the instructio ns, which means consistent warmth and light," says Saleet. H e worries that too many garden writers tout bananas as easy-care We urge you to consult with your tegal and financial advisors to assist you in arranging the best method of plants when they ac tually require rather exacting conditions contributin g. The American Horti cultural So ciety is lax·exe mpt und er Section 50t( c)3 of th e Int ernal to thrive . Revenue Service Code. Contribulions to AHS are tax·deductible to the full est extent allowed by law. AH S is al soa registered charitable organization under Section 57-49 ofthe Virginia Solicitation of Contributions law ; a finan cial statement is available upon written request from the State Di vision of Consumer Affairs. David]. Ellis is assistant edit01r of The Amelican Gardener.

November/ D ecembn' 1 997 TH E A ME RI CAN G A RD ENE R 9 00 k

the island are typical bog plants, such as PILGRIMAGE TO CRANBERRY BOG Tours of Cranberry Bog the rose pogonia orchid (Pogonia ophio­ solated on central Ohio's Buckeye Lake, about 30 miles east glossoides), calopogon orchid (Calopo­ are held once a year, of Columbus, is Cranberry Bog State Nature Preserve. Just gon tuberosus), and northern pitcher generally the fourth Iafter the turn of the century this fragile island of sphagnum plant (Sa1'racenia purpurea). Satl!.lrday in June. For moss encompassed nearly 50 acres, but has since diminished to Other common species include the more information, 12 acres and counting. large cranberry (Vaccinium macro car­ contact ODNR/Natural The bog was not always an island-it is a brealcaway republic pon) and poison sumac (Toxicodendron that formed in 1830 when 2,000 acres of swampland was flood­ vernix). The former gave rise to the is­ Areas and Preserves, ed to create a reservoir for the Ohio and Erie Canal. "Essentially land's name, and the latter is mentioned 1889 Fountain Square they created a canal feeder lake over the existing bog lake," says prominently by tour guides as a way of Court, Columbus, OH Guy Denny, chief of the Division of Natural Areas and Preserves discouraging visitors from straying off 43224, (614) 265-6453. for the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR). the boardwalk built to protect the bog. Most of the bog stayed underwater, but a particularly buoyant More LU1USUal plants include disjunct species such as alTOW grass section expanded like a waterlogged sponge, separated from the (Sche-vtchzeria palustris), which Denny describes as a "typical cir­ rest of the bog, and rose to the sur£1ce of the water. cumpolar species usually fOlU1d up in bogs of Michigan and Wis­ When the reservoir was abandoned near the end of the 19th consin," and mud sedge (Carex limosa), a state endangered species. century, it was renamed Buckeye Lake. In 1949 the lake and its Despite a number of measures designed to protect tl1is £i'agile unusual island became a state park, and in 1973 the bog itself preserve-including establishing a no-wake zone in tlle waters became an ODNR preserve. It has received considerable atten­ arOlU1d the island and allowing public access to the bog only one tion from naturalists over the years because it is one of the few day a year-it continues to shrink and will eventually disintegrate. remnants of a larger sphagnum bog ecosystem that covered The bog is now ringed witll u-ees and shrubs that are shading out large areas of southern Canada and the northern United States sphagnum moss and bog plants. Winter storms and the pressure more than 13,000 years ago. "It is a living relic of the Ice Age, oflake ice tend to exacerbate the breakdown. Several years ago, an a chance for people to see some of the species that are more acre segment broke loose during a March snowstorm and beached common a couple of hundred miles farther north," says Denny. itself in about three feet of water on tlle opposite shore, much to The key to ecosystoms such as Cranber­ the surprise of a lakefront property owner. ry Bog is sphagnum moss, which exudes At tlle request of the state legislature, acid as it grows. Where large commwlities studies were conducted to determine if the ofsphagnum moss become established, the bog could be saved, but the consensus was surrounding water eventually becomes too tllat measures to prevent further deteriora­ acidic for most plants to survive. Bog lakes tion would in tllemselves alter the character are also typically oxygen-deficient, which oftlle bog. creates an anaerobic condition hostile to In tlle meantime it has served as a living ~ the microorganisms that foster the decom­ laboratory for thousands of people who Ki'" position of dead plants. Dead sphagnum have taken advantage of the annual visitors' g: moss and other vegetation builds up and day. Ten to 12 people at a time are ferried ~ eventually compacts to become peat. out to the island and can walk alon.g the ~ The other factor that affects the make­ boardwalk. A few years ago the tour was ~ up of bog plant communities is related to publicized by tllree Columbus-based tele- ~ sphagnum moss's ability to absorb many vision stations and an LU1precedented 1,5 00 ~ times its own weight in water. On hot sum­ people turned out. "We were over-::: mer days, large quantities of water evapo­ whelmed," says Denny, "People waited two ~ rate from the moss, creating a cooler, more to three hours in hot weather." The pre- ~ humid microclimate at the surface of the serve staff feared a public relations night- ~ bog. "Sphagnum is also a great insulator," mare. But after each tour, Denny kept l notes Denny. "[Surface] temperatures asking people if tlle wait had been wortll it. 0 rarely get above 60 degrees in summer, and "They all said yes and we never got one let- ~ it rarely gets below freezing in the winter." The showy calopogon orchid graces tor of complaint," he says. "It opened tl1eir ~ Many of the plants commonly seen on Ohio's Cranberry Bog nature preserve. eyes to a whole new world." - D.E. 8

10 THE AMERICAN GARDENER November/December 199 7 ~ gardeners' information service

I bought an American persimmon (Diospyros not li ve in one of these areas, it must be moved inside as soon as virgillialla) from Burpee's, after seeing the tree at the Uni­ temperatures begin to fall below 50 degrees and kept in a very versity of Wisconsin at Madison. The first winter, I wrapped sunny room- ideall y a greenhouse or solarium dut gets direct the stem with tree wrap and mulched the base. When I un­ li ght at least six to eight hours a day. U nder ideal conditions it wrapped the tree in the spring, the bark had "exploded." I should fl ower for yo u in December or January. Start allowin g it called Burpee's for a replacement tr ee, and that fall again to go dormant again in late spring by gradually reducing water mulched the base ofth e tree and put a plastic tube around the and fertilizer. Because it fl owers on old stems, you can cut back stem to keep animals front gnawing at the bark. Again, when any new growth to keep d1e vine from taking over. Keep it in a I loolzed at the tree in the spring, the bark had exploded. What's medium to large pot with some kind of trellis or support for it happening to my t1'ees'? - L. F. , Minneapolis, Minnesota to climb on. Lee Reich, author of GrolPi'ng Fn tit in Yo ~tr Baclzya1'd, suggests that your U'ee might have "exploded" due to al ternating cold and I have a cCwonderberry'~ (Solanum xburbankii) and warmer temperatLl[es, which can make parts of the trunk expand have read that the fruit is edible, but when it is unripe, it is poi­ at diffe rent rates than others. Tree bark is exposed to more direct sonous. Can you tell me a little bit more about the wonderberry sunlight in winter because the SLU1 remai ns closer to d1e hori zon. and how to tell when I can eat it.? - I E., Bowling Green, Ohio You may "vant to try painting d1e bark with a white latex paint, r------, T he wonderberry or sunberry which will help the trunk refl ect d1 e sunli ght rad1 er d1 aJ1 absorb it. was introduced, with much Anod1er possibility is d1at d1 e "exploding" bark is simply a mat­ controversy, in 1909. Plant ter of cold-haJ'diness. The American persimmon's nordKrn range breeder Luther Burbank- ends in central Indiana and southern Iowa. Trees raised in a who cl aimed to have hy­ USDA Zone 4 nursery instead of Burpee's nursery in Zone 6 bridized the plant by may be better adjusted to Minneapolis winters. One northern crossing Solanum mel­ source fo r persimmons is Oikos Tree Crops, P.O . Box 19425, anocerasum (formerly S. KalaJ11a zoo, MI 49019-0425, (616) 624-6233; catalog $1. g uineese) aJ1d S. villosum­ sold d1e rights to tl1 e wonder­ Recently~ a friend left a small potted plant on berry to John Lewis Childs my doorstep~ along with the information that it was a for distribution. Childs adver­ climbing vine called "Gabriel's horn" or "Gabriel's trum­ tised d1 e wonderberry as "d1e pet." She says it blooms in the evening and "takes up quite a greatest garden fruit ever in ­ bit ofroom." I took it to my local nursery, but they could not troduced ... easiest plant in d1 e ~ find that popular name listed in a'fo/1:hing they had. Pm be­ world to grow, succeeding ~ ginning to suspect that the name is ofpure~ local folk origin. anywhere and yielding great ~ I'm reluctant to plant the vine since I don't know whether or masses ofrich frui t. " A messy ~ not I'll be letting myselfin for some long-term problems such public debate ensued because ~ as invasiveness. -D. W, via e-mail many people charged mat dle Your plant is probably Solandra longiflo1'a, more commonly called wonderberry was nod1ing more than black nightshade (S. ni­ chalice vine or copa de leche (cup of mill<). It is a member ofa genus grum), d1e leaves and fruit of which are poisonous, or me gar­ of about 10 species of shrubby vines native to u'opical Soum aJ1d den huckleberry (S. melanocerasum) . The exact origin of S. Central America and the Caribbean, Most have showy, gobleilike, x burbankii was never completely resolved. Based on evidence yellow or white fl owers mat aJ-e highly fragraJ1t. Gabriel's u-umpet of chromosomal incompatibilities, botanist Charles B. H eiser J r. , has white flowers wim five purple lines running down d1e d1roat. author of The Fascinating Wo rld of the Nightshades, has con­ The fl owers eventually turn yellow aJ1d d1en daJ-ken wim age . cluded dlat the wonderberry could not have been a hybrid of me These vines are somewhat unusual in that d1ey bloom in win­ two species Burbank claimed to have used to create it, but is ter and need a peri od of rest in summer, at which time wa ter more likely a cross between S. melanocerasum aJ1d aJ1 unknown sho uld be limited and fertilizer withheld. Let your plant rest Solanum species growing in Burbank's garden. during the summer in a shady spot where it won't get rained As for how to eat me wonderberry: The wmpe berries contain on. In early fall , start watering and fertilizing it, and increase its a poisonous alkaloid, so be sure to pick ripe berries-d10se wim exposure to sun. d1 e darkest color-and cook d1em d1oroughly. This will enable This u-opical plant is onl y hardy outside in soud1ern Florida you to use mem in pies, jaJ11S, aJ1d sauces. and parts of Texas and Southern California (Zone 10). If you do - Sara Epp, Editorial Assistant

NOl'embe1'/ D ecembeT 199 7 THE AM E RI C AN GARD EN ER 11 fut u re

LEARNING, COUNTRY STYLE gardens, few program leaders are daring enough to combine flora and fauna. "It's true that animals and gardens don't go Story and photographs by Christie Craig together like a hand afld glove," Baskin laughs. The rabbits often get into the garden and help themselves to a salad hirty years ago, Denna Baskin found herself increasingly lunch. The horses have been known to snack on a whole row frustrated by the limitations of teaching public school. of corn, and left to their own devices the goats make an all­ TThere was too little flexibility, she felt, for helping indi­ you-can-eat buffet of the flower beds. But even these in.ci- vidual children overcome what she calls "stumbling blocks." She dreamed of opening her own school, where there would be as much attentiolil to personal growth and self-esteem as to learning facts and figures. While attending college she had carpooled with Sara Redd, who had returned for a degree in her 50s, after her children left home. Redd had also talked about starting a private school. In 1969 they took the plunge and opened the Redd School for preschool through eighth grade in Bellaire, a densely developed Houston suburb. Mter five years the students seemed to be flourishing, but Baskin sensed that something was missing. Finally she figured out what it was. "My roots are in farming and ranching," she says. "I grew up in the cowltry where we raised animals and farmed the land. Most of the food my grandmodler set on dle table came from her gar­ den. I remember watching and helping her. It wasn't always an easy way of life for dle adullts, but as a child, dle lessons, the fim, and the entire lifestyle provided me widl warm memories, whole­ some values, and lots ofeducation. I wanted to be able to give this to my students." On a Wee-acre wooded lot on the fringes of Houston, Baskin and Redd built the Redd School as it is known today-a place that serves its education widl a litde bit of col.lJnu·y on dle side. Like children in any school, its students study algebra and computer science, but the class pets-including at various times rabbits, an iguana, a hedgehog, fish, a lamb and an orphaned pot-bellied pig-often accompany them in their Glasses . The chil­ dren also take horseback riding lessons, help care for and feed the animals in the petting zoo, and both relax and work in the school's gardens.

LESSONS ABOUT LIFE As much as Baskin loved gardening, she was the first to admit that there was a lot she didn't know. In 1986 she hired Lewis Money, the husband of one of Redd's teachers, who had 10 years' experience managing a nursery. It's a small school, so Money also pitches in with computer programming and after­ school care, but mostly he does tlle heavy-duty gardening and offers plant advice. "His horticultural knowledge and expertise gave our program a real boost," Baskin says. "He even has a knack with the animals." Although more alild more schools today are establishing

12 THE AMERICAN GARDENER November/December 1997 dents are learning experiences for the ch il dren, she reasons. of the sun and the rain, and the d ifferent parts of a plant. "Gardeners and farmers have always been dealing with these "Tell ing a four-year-old that a carrot is a root is one thing. kinds of disasters. It's just another lesson about the country way Letting her pull it up from the earth, see it, feel it, and taste ofLife." it is another," says Krueger. "We often cook up a little veg­ The lessons go a lot further than learning that rabbits love etable soup or cut open a watermelon. The chil dren are al­ carrots and radishes. Preschool teacher Janet Krueger notes that ways excited about tasting something they grew. T his year we most of her students either live in apartments or have working planted popcorn. I can't wait to see their eyes when we pop parents who don't even mow their own lawns, let alone work it. Most of these children believe popcorn is grown in the with plants in any other way. "It's unfortunate, because most movie theaters." children love gardening. And when you can take something that inspires a child and use it as a teaching implement you have a BEYOND ACADEMICS real educational advantage." But of course the Redd School was fo unded to teach more than This is no model garden, she emphasizes. "It's not the pretti­ math and science, and Krueger and other teachers are quick to est, the neatest, or the most structured. But it's our garden and point out that the gardening experience is deeper than acade­ we've spent hours of muddy, dirty, educational fun there. The kids mics. "Patience, pride, dedication, self-esteem" are a few of the love the dirty part." benefits, Krueger says. "We've seen the positive results garden­ Academicall y, the preschool uses the 30-by-45-foot gar­ ing has on children with behavioral problems. T he therapeutic den to teach math by counting the plants, the pulled weeds, value of working with the soil applies to children the same as it or tomatoes on the vine. The garden is a natural place to does to adults . As a teacher and a gardener, I find it very grati­ teach science, of course-how plants grow, the importance fying to see the ch il dren blossom right along with tlle tomatoes and zinnias." Her students' faces Nor is it only preschoolers who get excited about working prove the words of tlle earth. The fourth- and fifth-graders were the perfect age to Redd preschool teacher be inspired by Frances Hodgson Burnett's The Secret Garden, Janet Krueger, left, that and begged to build one of their own after reading the book. "most children love "Before long all tlle kids jumped on the bandwagon and a plan gardening," A former started to sprout," says teacher Dottie Jones. T he children nursery manager, scouted tlle campus and found a 30-by-IOO-foot fenced-in area Lewis Money, below, provides plant expertise, Not many IITelling a fou .... yea .... old that a school gardens also carrot is a root is one thing. have animals on the premises, but founder Letting her pull it up from the Denna Baskin, below earth and taste it is another." opposite, believes that animals such as Cookie the cockatoo teach directly behind tlle school. When they told Baskin they would lessons in patience and hold a bake sale to finance the project, she offered to match tlle responsibility. profit, and Money helped tllem select plants that would flour­ ish there. "It was their project," says Jones. "I sat back and watched them use geometry in the landscaping process, marveled at how they incorporated problem-solving techniques, and was tJu'illed when they talked about pH balance in the soil. Gardening is a science in itself, but tlle entire undertaking turned out to be a great way to teach across the curriculum, using a very kines­ thetic style of learning. The learning didn't stop at the acade­ mic level either. T he children learned to labor, to wait, and to dream." Each year after a new class reads The Secret Garden, they find their own way to make a mark on that landscape. "One class la­ bored over the flower beds until they were picture perfect, set up tables Witll tablecloths, and held a tea for their motllers on MOtll­ er's Day," says Jones. "Anotller class built arches and planted Chi­ nese wisteria." As the wisteria climbs and tlle gardens grow, Baskin says she is reminded ofa Native American saying, "We do not own the earth, we are only borrowing it from our children." Until we give it over to tlleir keeping, she reasons, it only makes sense to teach tllem to appreciate and care for it.

Christie Craig is a free-lance writer living in Spring, Texas.

November/Decembe1' 1 997 THE AMERICAN GARDENER 13

structure can bring a more agreeable bal- Form and Function ance to a repetitious vista. Yuccas are practical as well as beautifill; hu­ The diverse sizes, colors, and forms of mans and aI1ill1als have fOLUld uses for every yuccas let them be incorporated smoothly PaI·t of them. Birds nest aInong meir leaves, into almost any garden. There are very tall aIld deer aIld Livestock brovvse d~em. Yucca species, requiring a garden ofpalatial dimen­ seeds and fruit-paI·ticularly that of Yucca sions' and more demure, nearly miniahlre baccata-have been eaten fresh, pickled, forms, which are at home in the tiniest court­ roasted, or boiled. ChihuahuaIl IndiaIls fer­ yard. Their foliage colors range from dark mented the fruit to make a beer and green and yellow-green to gray, gray-green, growld tlle seeds for meal. The leaf fibers and even powder blue. were pounded out for baskets, cordage, Yuccas' fame as quin­ mats, clothing, and handrFlade paper. tessential accent plants and Saponin from me root ofY elata is a good their tolerance of varied soap, and for many high grasslaIld natives growing conditions have is still a preferred shampoo. Native Ameri­ made them one of North cans used the root in salves and laxatives, America's great contribu­ aIld to StWl fish. The "wood" of the plaIlts, tions to horticulture. WIllie especially the largest species, is light and many people associate )'tlc­ strong, useful for posts and other con­ cas str,ictly Witll tlle Ameri­ struction. Joshua tree wood was harvested can Southwest, there are to make splints in World War 1. several speoies native to our One oftlle primaI'y reasons for the pop­ Southeast, which were ulaIi.ty ofyuccas is the wide vaIi.ety of Norm being grown in English American habitats in which mey grow nat­ gardens as early as the 17tll urally. Yucca species grow vvild northward century. Border gardener from tlle Atlantic and Gulf Coasts to a line and colorist Gertrude stretching west from. Virginia to South Jekyll used them as an­ Dakota and on to California. There are chors' flanking borders maI1Y species native to arid regions of tl1e where they were split by United States and Mexico, and several paths. Her contemporary species extend from central Mexico into William Robmson mought Central America. This enormous range their form too strong to gUaI'aIltees mat mere is a yucca for almost mix Witll otller plants, pre­ aIly climate, condition, or garden. ferring to use them alone Yuccas native to me soutlleastern Unit­ or in "noble groups" in ed States are tlle ITlOSt faIniliar to AmeJi.CaIl paved gardens, on ridges, gardeners, as they were me first to be intro­ or against walls. duced into commerce. The 17m-cenmry The winter garden, said gaI'dens ofthe great English plants men John southern garden writer Gerard, John Parkinson, and tlle Trades­ Elizabeth Lawrence, "ac­ CaIlts contained specimens ofY filamentosa, quired the charm of sim­ as did Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. This The stiff form of yuccas plicity when it was reduced by frost to a species, lmown as Adam's-needle, is the serves as a foil to more pattern of brick-edged walles accented by most cold hardy of the genus and is grown billowy plants. Top: Mountain me stiff rosettes of yuccas and framed by a along tlle East Coast as far north as Maine yucca is paired with feathery clipped hedge." (USDA Zone 4). Trw1ldess, it has a ball of cassia (Senna artemisioides). While mey serve as a foil to other plants wide sword-shaped leaves aIld a magnificent Above: Yucca filamentosa in the lush gardens of the East, in the spear of creaIny white, sweet-scented flow­ 'Golden Sword' echoes the Soutllwest mey're often combined with a ers. Variegated cultivars include 'Bright color of Celosia argentea var. variety of native and exotic succulents to Edge' aIld 'Goldell Sword'. cristata 'Cemtury Yellow'. create gardens of opposing strong forms Y aloifolia, known as Spanish bayonet wim intense texture and character. for its stiff spiue-tipped leaves, is native to Possible partners for mem in such gar­ the sea islands and sandy reaches of tlle dens include otller members oftlleir fam­ soutlleastAtlaIltic Coast aIld along tlle Gulf ily, Agavaceae, a grOL~p characterined by a Coast. Slightly branched, it usually reaches rosette of leaves and a tall, shmV)' ilJ.flo­ six to 10 feet. Cultivars may have ye llow, rescence with flowers held in. spikes or white, or pinkish stripes, and one has a candelabras. In addition to yuccas, the strilcmg dark purple tint. faliFli ly includes Agave, Manfreda, and Two similar soutlleastern natives are Y Hesperaloe. jlaccida (which taxonomists have now

16 THE AMERICAN GARDENER Novembe1' /Decembe7' 1997 lumped with Y jitamentosa) a trunkless fective i.n groups or among other natives or species with thin flexible leaves, and Y re­ drought-adapted perennials. cU1'vifolia) a graceful plant that develops a trmu< bearing multiple heads of wide, blue­ Western Classics green drooping leaves. Although the smaller 'western yucca species Ygloriosa is called the soft-tipped yucca are important garden subjects, it is dle mighty because its leaves lack the terminal spines trLUlked species dlat are associated widl clas­ found on other species. Native to the is ­ sic images ofdle American Soudnvest. lands and coasts of South Carolina, Geor­ Y t1'ec~tleana is often conhlsed Witll Y gia, and Florida, it can be grown indoors t01'reyi) and to increase dle conhlsion, tlley but is superlative outdoors east or west in Zone 9 to 11, where it will form large clLUllpS of multi-branched, curving trLUlks and reach 20 feet tall . Tough H ombres The diversity of the western yuccas makes them valuable additions to gardens in that region, where they perform heroically de­ spite the arid conditions and frequently poor soil. The 1110st cold hardy of the western yuc­ cas is tlle trunkless Y glal4-Ca (formerly Y angustifolia) tlle plains soapweed, fowld throughout the Great Plains and fro nt range of the Rockies north to South Dako­ ta. From a ball of narrow, rigid, blue-green leaves-each two to tllree feet long-it puts up a narrow spike of stunning, large cream-colored flowers. Y han'imaniae) from tlle mountains of the four corners states, has slightly wider leaves and large greenish flowers. Among the u'W"1kless western yuccas, Y hyblidize fi.·eely in central Texas where their The eastern native known as lVhipplei is one of the most dramatic. It ranges overlap. This single or slightly Adam's-needle, left, was grows on the dry, chaparral hills of South­ branched species can develop a u'unk up to grown by great 17th-century ern California and is hardy to approximate­ 12 feet tall . It has a very short flowering English plantsmen. Blue-gray ly Zone 7. Its rosette, a lustrous light stalk, so that tlle flowers are partially clus­ foliage and multiple heads blue-green, can spread to SL'I': feet, and in the tered witllin tlle rosette ofleaves. A fine make the 12-foot Yucca rigida, setting sun it turns to a matrix of bright blue-green variety grows ill west Texas. which hails from Mexico, a leaves and dark shadows. It is commonly Y thomps01'Piana and Y rost1'ata are real attention getter. called "our Lord's candle" because the both native to west Texas and are hardy nine-foot stalk can bear more than 500 to Zone 7. While they are often grouped small flowers. But this exuberant show together as Y rostrata) there are marked marks tlle end of tlle plant, for tlus yucca, differences. Y thompsoniana is highly alone anlong the genus, dies after it flowers. branched with narrow, gray-green, fiber­ Plants will form clumps, however, allowing edged leaves. The flowers rise far above new rosettes to replace those that expire. the leaves, giving tlle plant a plumed ap­ Two fa irly recent entries into western pearance. It us ually grows six to 10 feet horticulture are Y rupicola and Y pallidal tall. Y rostrata has fewer branches and a natives of central Texas that occur as far tlucker trunk tllat can grow to 15 feet. Its north as the Dallas area (Zone 8). Both are leaves, bluish green and lacking marginal trunkless and fairly small, rarely growing fibers, are arranged symmetrically, giving more than three feet wide or tall. Y 1'upi­ the plant a very refined look. cola is called tlle twisted-leaf yucca for tlle Y faxoniana is another species called graceful twist that its wide, yellow-green Spanish bayonet or SpaJush dagger. This leaves develop as they mature. Y pallidal yucca is massive. The sU-aight, sillgle trunk the pale-leaf yucca, has flatter, pale blue­ can be one-and-a-halffeet wide and 25 feet gray leaves. Both species produce a three­ tall, topped with a rosette of rigid, dark to six-foot stalk of white flowers and are ef- green leaves two inches wide and tlu'ee feet

November/Decembe1' 199 7 THE AMERICAN GARDENER 17 Growing Yuccas he cardinal.rule in caring for yucc.as is not.t'o £?ve them too much .care. Th.eyenjoy a fast-draIl'llIlg but somewhat ennched soil, With moderate water 111 the growing Tseason. In Winter, they should be watered muy often enough to keep the trunk from shrinking. Most yuccas growing in the grolilld do not require r:egular feeding­ only a moderate applicacion ofwell-balanced fertilizer once a growUlg season. Many species do well in pots. Southeastern natives prefer somewhat rich soil and steady moisture in summer. Winteli tip burn is comInon, even among hardier species, and a light covering during a heavy freeze is a good idea. Chlorosis (yellowing leav.es) can be prevent~d with a light mOftthly fertilization and good drainage. Western yuccas grown in containers need even more attention to drainage. But they nhrive in poorer soil, and fertiilizatti.on once during the growing season is adeQJuate. Yuccas commonly hold only a small number ofleaves a1' one time. Old leaves are always dying, ofteu ~ying over the trunk long after they are dead. Whether or not to pnme off these dead leaves is largely a question of aesthetics and the location of the plant. In frill or very hot S.~ll, me leaves offer pro.ectJioIl against snnburn. If you do prune, be sure that.ne cut does no. go beyond the leaf base into the trmnk. -G. & M. Irish

The stature of yuccas makes long. A population of plants in Brewster willie older specimens may branch with up their individual flowers County, Texas, and the Mexican state of to 10 heads. Leaves are very fine and thin, almost an afterthought. Chihuahua is sometimes referred to as Y often somewhat hairy looking with filaments Above, a close look at those ccwnerosana. It's even more enormous, with flowing from the margins. The flowering of Y. rostrata. One of the leaves up to four feet long. Both species stallcs, bearing the state flowers of New Mex­ most massive species at 25 make an imposing addition to large land­ ico, are held high above the leaves in a fabu­ feet tall is Y. faxoniana, scapes and are often planted as specimens in lous display for gardeners wough Zone 7. center. Y. whipplei, or "our Texas and New Mexico wough Zone 7. The banana yucca, so named for its large Lord's candle," right, dies Gardeners in the intermediate to low el­ edible fruits, is one of the shortest of the after bearing up to 500 evations of the West are familiar with Y u·unked yuccas. Older plants typically have flowers on a stalk. elata, the soaptree yucca, and Y baccata, the as many as a dozen four- to sL\,:-foot stems. banana yucca. With stems up to 20 feet, Y The leaves are stiff, usually blue-green and data is often the tallest plant of its native one or two inches wide with sparse but desert grasslands. The common name de­ thick marginal fibers . Individual plants vary rives from the saponin-rich, swollen under­ considerably in leaf color, size, and shape. ground stem and roots used by native Banana yucca tolerates hostile growing peopLes and settlers to malce a cleansing lath­ conditions-from low-desert heat to the er. Young plants generally have single uw1ics, Zone 6 cold of higher elevations-and its

18 THE AMERICAN GARDENER No 'Ve mbe rlDec e mb er 199 7 The dramatic form of the Joshua tree, caused by branches dying and being replaced by others, earned the species its own national park.

Sources

DESERT MOON NURSERY, P.o. Box 600, Veguita, NM 87062, (505) 864- 0614. Catalog $1. JOE'S NURSERY, P.O. Box 1867, Vista, CA 92085-1867. Catalog $2. LAS PILITAS NURSERY, Star Route, dramatic form makes an outstanding addi­ The Mohave yucca can grow to 12 feet and Box 23X, Las Pilitas, CA 93453, (805) tion to desert perennial or native wild ­ may branch slightly with stiff green leaves. 438-5992. Catalog $4. flower gardens. It is one of the most heat- and drought-tol­ MESA GARDEN, P.O. Box 72, Belen, Y brevifolia, the Joshua tree, is the largest erant of all yuccas. NM 87002, (505) 864-3131, cactus@ yucca native to the United States. This Mexico is home to many yucca species, swcp.com. Send two first-class denizen ofthe Mohave received its common and one of the most exquisite is Y rigida stamps for catalog. name from Mormon pioneers, who saw in or blue yucca (Zone 8). T he common SOUTHWESTERN NATIVE SEEDS, the intricate branches the outstretched arms name comes from the two-foot leaves that P.O. Box 50503, Tucson, AZ 85703. of the prophet Joshua pointing the way are powder blue and edged with tl1in yel­ Catalog $1. through the desert. As the yucca slowly ma­ low stripes. Growing to about 12 feet, usu­ WQODLANDERS, INC., 1128 Colleton tures, branches that bloom often die but are ally with three or four heads, blue yucca is Avenue, Aiken, SC 29801, (803) 648- replaced by other branches that twist, turn, striking alongside a pool. 7522. Catalog $2. return to the earth, and rise to the sky in American gardeners can find lots of uses YUCCA DO NURSERY, P.O. Box 450, complex forms. With its short, stiff, blue­ for yuccas-as an accent to balance the Waller, TX 77484, (409) 826-6363, gray leaves and heads ofcreamy white flow­ round leafY shapes of a Connecticut bor­ [email protected]. Catalog $3. ers, Joshua trees rank with saguaros as one der, mixed with shrubs and wildflowers in of the most striking native desert plants. a native garden in the foothills of the Col­ The Joshua tree was used commercially orado Rockies, as a dramatic accent at a until the early 20th century, but in 1936 beach house in Florida, or mixed witll cacti the Joshua Tree National Monument­ and agaves in a stunning Arizona landscape. now a national park-was established in Over the years yuccas have won many fans. Southern California to protect some of the Garden writer Allen Lacy has even argued species' most spectacular stands. that tlle cream-colored flowering stalks of Still underused in Southwest gardens the yucca would be a most appropriate na­ are Y schotti, the mountain yucca (Zone 7), tional flower, and that would be a fitting and Y schidigera, the Mohave yucca (Zone tribute to this great American plant. 8). The mowltain yucca occurs naturally in the southern Arizona highlands and is gen­ Gary and Mary Irish garden in Scottsdale, erally a single-trW1ked plant six to 10 feet Arizona, and are writing a book on agaves tall. Its leaves, a soft gray-green, are ramrod and yuccas for Timber Press. Mary is direc­ straight. It is highly tolerant of both heavy tor of public horticulture at the Desert shade and full sun, and cold as well as heat. Botanical Garden in Phoenix.

No ve mb er/D ecember 199 7 THE AMERICAN GARDENER 19 Horticulture cheerleader Marc cathey has no intention of hanging up his pompoms.

b Y K err y H art

If you could make a tornado stop spinning, it wouldn't be a torna­ do any more. And for four decades or so, H. Marc Cathey has been something ofa green tornado, zooming arourId the world promoting horticulture, charming little old ladies in garden clogs and wide-eyed kindergartners with sunflower seeds in yogurt cups, de­ livering a stream of nonstop advice for millions of radio listeners with mildewed phlox and tomatoes that won't ripen, catching the wave of the next landscape trend before anyone else sees it cresting. "Retire? Never!" says the president emeritus of the American Horticultural Society, who vacated his office-but not his calling--on September 30. "The great horticulturist Liberty Hyde Bailey said you need a new profession about every five years, so I'm start~ ing on number eight, and of course there will eventually be nine. You'll notice there's a 'cat' in Cathey!" Let's see, seven so far: That would be florist, researcher, visiting profes­ sor, arboretum director, radio talk show host, head of a national review panel, aRd AHS president and chief executive officer. Asked to name his greatest achievements, he begins with his latest: coordinating the creation oftheAHS Plant Heat-Zone Map. "The map is the fustnew gardening concept in years," he says. "Temperature tolerance is the major factor affecting plant growth and development, but there hasn't been much research in the area. Heat damage is a lot more subtle than damage from cold-cold usually kills the plant immediately-and the effects of heat and drought are interrelated." Once consumers become more aware of the issue, he thinks they'll start demanding more heat-toleraRt plants. He even predicts that the word "annual" will become obso­ Above: His grandmother, Nancy lete. "Some plants-like the marigold-will set seed and die at the end of the season no McAuley Cathey or "Miss Nannie," matter where they're growing. But a lot of the plants we call annuals-the petunia, the kept a Burpee catalog by her Bible, snapdragon, the vinca-can live for years in a frost-free environment." Cathey says, and shaped Iilis gardening So Heat Map Promoter is his next profession, and he's already off and rurIning, with ethic. Opposite: Cathey in the pavilion eight lectures scheduled to talk about the map and an accompanying book due out eaFly of American-grown bonsai at the next year from Time Life Inc. U.S. National Arboretum. The Family Man Anyone who's been arourId Cathey for more than five minutes knows that he can talk about one subject almost as endlessly as plants, and ruat's his family. Off the chart in the

20 THE AMERICAN GARDENER November/December 1997

adoration ratings are his grandchildren, "sickness" from one garden area to the who all have color nicknames-Emily other. The family once sold some box­ (Miss Pink, who's 12), Ellen (Miss Peach, woods that were used to landscape Duke 7), Elizabeth (Miss Emerald, 5), and Sarah University, but money was never their pri­ (Miss Ruby, 2 1/2 )-and call him Beau mary motivation for gardening. The first Beau. They're the offspring of daughter goal was food for family and friends, and Marcy, director of technology at the the second was pleasure. "We never Madeira School in McLean, Virginia, and thought of gardening as work," Cathey son Henry, engineer for the National says. The gardens were so perfect that visi­ Aeronautics and Space Ad­ tors always wanted tours, and this is where ministration near Chin­ Cathey got his experience in storytelling. coteague, Virginia. Church choirs introduced him to He immediately be­ music-he could sight read by the age of comes an honorary grand­ nine-and he creclits that training with giv­ pa when he visits ing him confidence and the ability to make elementary schools. Garden himself heard in a crowd. design, believe it or not, was He was the only person on either side of one recent topic. "I learned his large family drawn to tl1e visual arts. His that you don't have to put medium was watercolor, his style Audubon flowers in rows," one en­ realism, and his subjects flowers and birds. chanted child wrote to him "I attended a three-hour art class every afterwards, "and I liked Wednesday for almost 10 years, and sold your jokes, too." my life-size paintings for three dollars each. Also revered is his grand­ Carclinals and roses were the best sellers." mother, Nancy McAuley Cathey got a bachelor's degree in flori­ Cathey, or Miss Nannie. culture at North Carolina State University During the Depression, and worked two years as a florist. "Then I the Cathey family-moth­ decided there had to be other uses for er Emily Mae, father Carl, plants than burying people with them." He and brothers Leconte and headed north to Cornell University to take Carl Jr.-moved every one year of additional training, and stayed eight or nine months while four years to earn his PhD. Carl Sr. planted trees He creclits a floriculture professor, Ken­ throughout the South for neth Post, witl1 shaping his life's direction, the Civilian Conservation passing along not only respect for science, Corps. When World War but also tl1e excitement of travel and pub­ II broke out, they went to lic speaking, and tl1e ultimate importance live in Davidson, North of cOlilsumer satisfaction. "He had an in' Carolina, next door to the candescent personality!" exclaims his stu­ boys' paternal grandmoth­ dent, who served as Post's teaching er. Cathey was at first re­ assistant for tl1Iee years. Whether live or via electronic luctant about the move, which would take After college, Cathey applied for and media, Cathey loves an lilim away from his mother's family, little won a Fulbright Scholarship to the Nether­ audience of any age. "I liked realizing how it would shape his life. lands. There he met another mentor, Jan your jokes," wrote one young "Miss Narmie kept a Burpee catalog Wellensiek, horticulture professor at the fan. He credits early experience next Ito her Bible," Cathey relates. "I Agricultural University in Wageningen, and in vocal music with giving him learned to read the catalog with her, and I took advantage of every opportunity to the confidence to make himself can still hear myself using some of those visit research laboratories, great gardens, heard in a crowd. phrases today. 'Hardiest!' 'Most produc­ and enjoy all tl1e fine arts of Europe. tive!' 'Outstancling in its class! '" When he returned to the States, he And when Cathey uses phrases like "en­ chose a job offer from the U.S. Depart­ vironmentally responsible gardening" and ment of Agriculture'S Agricultural Re­ "the green ethic," he's talking about the search Service over two others. It paid a practices Miss Nannie followed: recycling, little less, but the Beltsville, Maryland, cli­ mulching, deep digging, and the basic mate was more like home and the research tenets of what we now call Integrated Pest was "world class, cutting edge," he says. Management (IPM). She didn't wear For the next 20 years he teamed with Birkenstocks but proper grandma heels, Harry Bortl1wick, an ARS plant physiolo­ keeping several pair on the porch so she gist who had led pioneering work on the could change them to avoid spreading effects of light, in applying Borthwick's

22 THE AMERICAN GARDENER NOJ7ember/Decembn' 1997 r J~ 1 ( r

finelings to florist and nursery plants. brought this sensibility to the arboretum, As a researcher, Cathey made his mark it was something that had never been seen by using li ght and chemicals to manipu­ at a science station." late plant growth and development. One day va n Sweden was watchin g "Marc Cathey developed cookbook pro­ Cathey greet elistinguished visitors outside cedures that could help growers time tile standard-issue little ranch house that flowering almost to the hour," says serves as the Visitors' Activity Center and Robert Griesbach, an ARS plant geneti­ noticed that the ground beneath the di­ cist, "using different types of lamps and rector barely supported grass. He offered lighting periods." Cathey's work with tile services of himself and chemical growth regulators "allowed a partner Wolfgang Oehme grower to have a whole bench in bloom at to give tile spot some piz­ once. That lovvered production costs and zazz. This was the first gave consumers a better plant-one that highly publi c elisplay of tile was compact instead ofleggy." The trend pair's New American today is toward genetic manipulation and Garden, with their now away fi·om chemicals, says Griesbach, "but signature mix of tall wav­ the use of lighting is still critical." ing grasses, long-season Shortly after Cathey joined the ARS , perennials, and bul bs. Mary Ellen Jackson, an educator in a sub­ When tile garden was ded­ urban Washington church, was looking for icated' van Sweden recall s, someone to speak to her youth group "Marc had a tent, a band, about how tlley might find places to stay and a color guard. He when traveling abroad. Her minister rec­ pulled out all tile stops." ommended Cathey on the basis of his stint Cathey insists it was re­ in tile Netllerlands. "Mary," Catlley says, ally his predecessor, John "was aU tl1at I was looking for-a lady Witll Creech, who broke tile a strong faith, clever, intelligent, hU1, sur­ mold by introducing the prising." They were married a year later. Japanese bonsai elisplay and In 1959 Cathey entered into what herb gardens to the arbore­ would also become a long-term partner­ tum. The aim of all ship, with the Amelican Horticultural So­ Cathey'S gli tz- he some­ ciety. He's served on the AHS board for 18 times used four screens and years, chairing it from 1974 to 1978, and sowld effects in arboretum served as president and chief executive of­ lectures-was to "bring ficer of tile Society for the past four years. them in." Backstage there Friends say his public persona-not tllat he were serious aims such as was ever a shrinking violet-blossomed new projects for ARS stu­ when he took the helm ofAHS . "That elid dents, better labeling, and a great deal to expand my opportunities to more promotion ofarbore­ speak," he says, "and to be considered for tum-bred plants. And the the job at the arboretum." low-maintenance, naturalistic Oehme-van During Cathey'S tenure at the Sweden garden meshed with the philoso­ u.s. National Arboretum, Going National phy Cathey had learned at Miss Nannie's James van Sweden and In 1980 Cathey took a job that he seemed knee: Use compost instead of chemicals, a Wolfgang Oehme created one to have been working toward since his variety of plants for color and motion in­ of their earliest New American yOUtll, as elirector of the U.S. National Ar­ stead of lawn grass, and tough plants that Gardens there. Among the first boretum. At that time the arboretum don't need constant wateling. designers to make prominent housed a fine tree collection and solid re­ About 20 percent of his time, Cathey use of ornamental grasses, search, "but it wasn't a people place, was taking his show on the road, with ap­ their goal is to create interest where you might come to have fun," says pearances on national television shows such in all seasons. Washington, D.C., landscape architect as "Today" and "Good Morning Alneri­ James van Sweden. ca." A memorable moment occurred With his love of color, Cathey began when, trying to spread the message that adcling perennials and bulbs to the elisplays poinsettias are not poisonous, he watched of woody plants and conifers, and some wi til horror as Barbara Walters nibbled on purists were aghast. "Marc is unlike any a bract. "I got in trouble for that," he says. horticulturist I ever met," says van Sweden, "People were afraid their children would be "into all of the arts, a master of public eating aU kinds of flowers." speaking who loves people. When he And of course tllere was his raelio show,

November/ Decembe r 1997 THE AMERICAN GARDENER 23 Beau Beau's Garden

or Marc Cathey, shifting from the nationwide scope of the nearby river bank. Though the watercourse is technical­ the new AHS Plant Heat-Zone Map to a child-size gar­ ly dry, depressions scooped out of the concrete base form Fden at River Farm is effortless. Last December, he ap­ puddles on wet days. proached former resident horticulnl1ist Mark Miller and For Bolton, Beau Beau's Garden is a more elaborate Washington, D.C., landscape gardener Alastair Bolton wi til version of a temporary ditch garden that he developed for an ambitious idea for a children's garden at tlle American the AHS Children's Gardening Symposium in 1993. That Horticultural Society'S River Farm headquarters. In honor of too was a watercourse with bridge; he created a four-foot­ his granddaughters, he wanted to create a living legacy tllat deep ditch filled with rocks and water and crossed by a rus­ would be both educational and fun. tic turf bridge. Bolton took Cathey's notions and created a garden Witll The new garden, by contrast, has been installed with an tile intention of showing "tllat it is possible to have a chil­ eye to permanence-as much as possible given the fluid na­ dren's play space that is functional and yet aestl1etically ap­ ture of gardening. To withstand children's rough-and-tum­ pealing for adults as well as children." He, like Cathey, ble play, the pavilion was constructed to strict standards, advocates encouraging children to develop an appreciation and the pressure-treated wood "vill be allowed to weather to for beauty and 'good design at an early age. "I believe in a soft gray. stretching tile minds of children," says Bolton. Monrovia, a wholesale nursery in Azusa, California, do­ All tllis stretching takes place in a space that might seem nated the plants, and volunteers and River Farm interns restricted by grown-up standards. The garden is only 19 by gave countless hours in tile sticky Virginia summer to con­ 28 feet; tile wooden pavilion that is tile centerpiece fills 100 struct Beau Beau's garden. square feet. But although me structure lises 10 feet from tile Catlley's four granddaughters saw the garden they in­ ground over a dry streambed, tile height from deck to ceiling spired for tile first time at a dedication ceremony in late July. excludes anyone over five feet tall. "They were delighted and surprised," he says. They marveled "The size of the pavilion is important because it over topiaries of each of tlleir favorite animals: an elephant, a brings across that this is a children's garden, for adults to cat, a rabbit, and Shamu tile killer whale. They peered up at look at," says Bolton. "Yet d1is can be part of a serious gat·­ flags representing tlleir favorite colors. Monkeys hanging den landscape." fi·om tile terrace, a la "The Wizard ofOz," brought squeals

Cathey's granddaughters explore the dry watercourse under the deck, left, then join their grandparents for a view from topside, center. At right, Cathey chats with the garden's designer, Alastair Bolton.

Bolton points out that tile typical Japanese courtyard gar­ of delight (me movie is also tile inspiration for the yellow­ den is for viewing only, not walking through. "I tl1ink tile in­ brick wallcway leading up to tile pavilion). In addition, ju­ spiration for tile AHS garden comes from growing up in lliper, boxwood, and holly, chosen for their dwarf habit and England where we fi·equently visited gardens with Japanese touglmess, provide shape and patterns, and encourage COWlt­ accents. No adult would dunk of walking across tllese little ing games. bridges, but children did." Describing his approach to children's gardens, Catlley He wanted the garden to encompass a "crossing point" says it's important to incorporate family traditions and that would engage the imaginations ofbotll children and fam ily stories. Clearly, his granddaughters have already ab­ adults. In tile AHS garden-dubbed "Beau Beau's Garden" sorbed that message: They collected shells for the garden in reference to tile name Catlley's granddaughters call on tlleir annual vacation in Emerald Isle, North Carolina, him-child.ren can scramble along a dry watercourse under in August-weaving Beau Beau's Garden into their fami­ tile deck or follow the sloping yellow-brick patll up to tile ly's tradition while knowing it will be shared with many deck for a panoramic view. The pebble streambed that more families. winds under the pavilion is set Witll boulders salvaged from -Terri J. H 'bfCk, Managing Editor

24 THE AM E RIC A N GAR DEN E R NovemberlDecembe1' 199 7 .l.\1arc (:athcv

which at one point was "American gardeners are heard on 300 stations by an way ahead of the industry estimated one million lis­ with their green ethic," he teners. In the 15 years ofits says. "They want plants run, at three hours per that don't need chemical weekend, he calculates tl1at heroics or a great deal of he answered some 23,500 watering. In the future, questions. "There were the goal will be to garden t\vo tl1at I could coW1t on with zero impact on the every week," he says. environment, ye t have "'What can I do about color in every season-a deer?' and 'What do I do to great challenge." get my amaryllis to re ­ Cathey says he has only bloom?'" But tl1e job was one small regret about his never dull because there career. Although h e were also questions that taught plant physiology completely stumped him, every other year for nine gratiulde from callers when years at George Washing­ a problem was solved, and ton University, as a federal the generosity tl1at all gar­ employee he was forbid­ deners show in helping den to guide students in each other. "It was always a conducting research. "So wonderfi.t!, warm, affirm­ I've tried to be 'Uncle ing expelience-answelmg Marc' to about 50 to 60 their questions helped yow1ger professionals, in­ teach me what to do." troducing them to people The New American and encouraging them." Garden is among eight Slim and tan, Cathey new garden areas and fea­ doesn't look like someone tures tl1at took shape dur­ who recently went through ing Cath ey'S 10-year cancer sw-gery and treat­ tenure at the arboretum. ment, and is pleased to re­ The Friends of the Na­ port a clean bill of health tional Arboretum, a vol­ from his last checkup. He's unteer group, funded not only ready to hit the rescue of the U.S. Capitol road for the Heat Map, but ~ 2 columns, part of a feature plans a nwnber of intern a­ a: UJ designed by the famous tional nips. o '"a: landscape architect Rus­ Ironically, he has no gar­ en>­ sell Page before his death in 1985. The Cathey rescued the U.S. Capitol den of his own because he's always traveled 22 30-foot columns, once part oftl1e east columns, top, for display at the so much. Nor does he plan to create a gar­

I~ portico of the U.S. Capitol building in arboretum. Purists were aghast when den now that he's no longer reporting to "­ f-' Washington, D.C., were removed in he added bulbs and other colorful an office every day. There are other ways to I '" 1958 and left lying in what Cathey de­ herbaceous plants to attract more fill your hours with plants, he points out. 2"' scribes as "a weed patch" on the banks of visitors to the arboretum. "Gardening can be a trip to a florist to buy UJ >- ~ the city'S Anacostia River. They're now cut flowers for a sick fuend. And I've been ~ set in an ellipse meadow on a nearly the right place" are some of his favorite spoiled by being able to garden in a place 2 o Vl square stone platform, from which a phrases. Prepare your site with organic like the National Arboretum." ~ sluice fountain cascades between mossy matter, do your research and buy plants And what's one more private garden? >­ z steps into a reflecting pool. that naturally thrive where you live, and There's an old adage about the relative (2 o The columns, dedicated in June 1990, gardening will be a joy, not a job. value of giving a boy a fish and teaching z « brought a historic and classic cachet to the In a 1993 article Cathey said "we're him to fish, and Marc Cathey has gone (5 I arboreulm, and adding a Chinese penjing still an uneducated nation" when it one better. Grow a flower or a tomato U I >­ collection to the bonsai museum in 1988 comes to gardening. Yet because we co­ and you'll have beauty or food for a day. :> a: heightened visitors' appreciation of those evolved with plants, he says, we all sense Teach thousands to garden and they­ o ancient arts. at some level that we're only really happy and quite probably their grandchildren­ ~ UJ Yet when he tall­a: :> o many public fonuns, the emphasis is always subliminal longing for a relationship with v t on keeping gardens simple. "Tough plants plants may be what is driving the trend Kerr)1 Hart is a free-lance writer living in ~ for tough times" and "tl1e right plant for toward more natural gardens. R eedville, Vi~inia.

Nov em ber/ December 199 7 THE AMERICAN GARDENER 25 r Mr. Azalea's writings and garden show he knows a thing or two about other plants, as well.

b y K a t h e e n F she r Photos b y Michael Hayman

The car slows and the driver waves her hand toward a clearing dotted with flowering shrubs. "This is Fred's play area," she confides. "He wasn't supposed to be hy­ bridizing azaleas, but he couldn't resist." While his wife, Betty, waits behind the wheel, Fred Galle gets out of the car with his visitors to talce a closer look. There are more than a dozen colors of native azaleas here in this small patch of Callaway Gardens, each at least s1,,( feet tall and nearly as wide. Pink, peach, salmon, dusky orange, yellow, subtle duotones, some sweetly scented. Galle notes that it isn't always necessary to hand-pollinate native azalea species-they merrily inter­ marry where their native ranges meet. In many ways, this whole spectacular place is the Garden That Galle Built. He was here for 30 years, as director of horticulture and tl1en curator until he retired in 1983. When he first came to Pine MOlU1tain, Georgia, "these were all abandoned cotton fields ," he says of the 14,000 acres of woods and manmade lakes. In those early years, he and otl1er staff planted as many as 15,000 shrubs and 1,000 five- to six-foot-tall dogwoods a year. As hiking trails were laid out, he would mark some trees for removal and put down stakes where new ones were to be planted. "I wore out three pairs of gloves a season, and we had to develop a special auger with a high-carbon tip that was adapted to a tractor. Even The name Galle is synonymous tl1at one lasted only tl1fee days until we had to replace the tips and blades." with native azaleas such as the At that time tl1e founders of Callaway Gardens, Cason and Virginia Callaway, want­ Oconee azalea (Rhododendron ed to plant only natives, especially tl1e plumleaf azalea, Rhododendron prunifolium. They flammeum), opposite. But his were inspired to buy the property when they saw a plumleafblooming during a July pic­ knowledge is much broader: ruc and learned tl1at it grew naturally only within a 100-nlile radius. "Of course, you The 'Callaway' ginger, couldn't buy natives then," notes Galle. "We had to grow them ourselves or dig wildings." above, is among the plants Today the name Galle (pronounced gal-ee, as in a ship's galley) is synonymous with he's introduced. azaleas, not for the many he planted at Callaway but because he wrote The Book. The 486-pageAzateaswas first published in 1985, with a second edition released in 1987 and a tllird printing last year. Just a few montl1s ago he surprised those who knew him only

26 THE AMERICAN GARDENER Nov e mb er/December 1997

through that book with the publication of return trip he asked an old friend, Ben wasn't allowed, and I had to make her stop." a similarly authoritative tome on hollies. Pace, to join him in camping there. He World War II interrupted the romance. In fact, his interests have always been d.i­ toted along a five-by-seven black notebook Betty served as a nurse, and Fred in the ar­ verse, encompassing gingers, crabapples, containing all the data he had collected to­ mored artillery. He was injured twice and and clethras. Many people do know---or ward his PhD-representing seven years' hospitalized in England. When the war think they know--Galle's connection with work. "This was before copy machines, and ended, the couple was married overseas. the Clethra alnifolia cultivar 'Humming­ that notebook was like the Bible," he says. Galle's original interest was forestry, bird', prized for its relatively small stature. "I took it everywhere with me." but his small stature coupled with a war­ "The story that we found it growing by Toward dawn, the men hiked a half­ injured arm made that impractical. "I was Hummingbird Lake at Callaway is wrong," mile up the bald to enjoy the sunrise. the first person to teach ornamental hor­ ticulture at the University of Tennessee, and now they emphasize it," he says. "But l:l:I was the first person to teach urnatnental when I moved to the South, I had to learn how to grow collards!" He was there five horticulture at the University ofTennessee," years and had returned to Ohio State for only one when the Calla ways began to he says. l:l:But when I moved to the South, woo him, sending photographs of the massive project they were undertaking. I had to learn how to grow collards!" He turned them down twice; Betty laughs today at her insistence that the South would be too rural and backwards. says Galle. The plant was found 20 years be­ Galle left his notebook in a green Army ski "Then," says Fred, "there carne a day fore its introduction into the nursery trade, pack, hanging on a post. While they went in March when Ohio got four inches of 40 miles away on a floodplain in Talbot up the mountain, a bear came down, and slush," and south Georgia began to look County, Georgia. "It was one ofabout 500 they returned to find their food un­ awfully inviting. Interjects Betty: "I told plants we collected on that trip, and we d.id touched but Galle's ski pack gone. "We him there were just three thirIgs I would plant it by Hummingbird Lake to observe walked around looking for it for a long insist on-rooms with doors, an indoor it." In its native soil it had spread vigorous­ time with the bear right behind us!" he re­ bathroom, and a water spigot inside." ly, Galle reports, but the clay soil at the edge calls. "And we were five miles from our They did okay for themselves, moving of the lake seems to have restrained it. Later car." He returned to look for the pack into a building that today is the gardens' we drive by the famous parent plant and again a week later, then left a description executive suite. Their two children-Phil cOllliJ1ent on its being caged. The reason for of it with park rangers, but he never re­ and Peggy-grew up riding bikes along the hardware becomes obvious when we try covered the notebook---or heard tales of Callaway's miles of trails. "The first time to inspect it up close. We back away quick­ a bear defending his d.issertation. our son carne home from college he was ly. "It was put up there as a warning," Galle shocked that everyone didn't grow up says from a safer d.istance, "to keep people Starting Small doillg the thirIgs that we d.id," Betty says. away from that hornets' nest." Among Galle was raised in Dayton, Ohio-his fa­ Galle says the Callaways were interested other plants he has given the nursery trade ther was an upholsterer and he had two in him because of his work with native aza­ are a dwarf nandina, 'Harbor Dwarf', and a brothers-and earned tuition money at a leas in Tennessee, and notes that they're vigorous, speckled wild ginger, 'Callaway'. variety ofjobs for two years before he start­ difficult to grow in his hometown of Day­ Galle's list of honors is staggering. In ad­ ed college. One winter, for instance, he ton. "The western half of Ohio has alkaline d.ition to the American Horticultural Soci­ helped tear down a flood-damaged house soil and the eastern half has acid, with the ety's highest honor, the Liberty Hyde Bailey to make way for a store while at night he line running right through Columbus. I Medal, he has received the Gold Medal of worked for Frigidaire on a grinding wheel. knew the species the Callaways wanted to the American Rhododendron Society and In the summer he did some nursery and grow-prunifolium) canescens) and ar­ the Arthur Hoyt Scott Garden Award from landscape work. "The bigger nurseries borescens. And I knew that ifwe were going Swarthmore College. He has been president wouldn't hire me because I was so small," to get more of them [at Callaway], we of AHS and of the American Association of he relates. "One did and then let me go would have to grow our own. But Mrs. Botanical Gardens and Arboreta. It's just a after the second day, but I stayed friends Callaway was a very knowledgeable lady, reflex to call such a person "Dr. Galle." But with the owner and we still laugh about it." and she had already worked out some of it's Mr. Galle, and therein lies a tale. "The Because Ohio State d.idn't make dormi­ the details about how we would collect bear facts," as he calls them, are a true twist tory space available to undergraduates, them and heel them in until they were per­ on "the dog ate my homework." Galle spent one year at Michigan State­ manently planted." In the early '50s Galle was an assistant where he earned room and board servillg Most of their wild azaleas were rescued professor of horticulture at Ohio State Uni­ food ill the dorm-before returning to his from areas that were being clear-cut, and the versity after holding that same title for five home-state school. One summer he process wasn't easy. "They have a terrible years at the University of Tennessee. In worked two jobs as a lifeguard, and that's root system," Galle says-wide-spreading Telmessee he'd started researching the fa­ where he met Betty. No, he d.idn't save her and sparse-and need to be severely pruned mous Gregory Bald colony of natural aza­ from drowning. "She was fooling around back on top and heeled into pine bark mulch lea hybrids for his doctorate, and on a at the deep end of the pool," he says. "That for a couple ofyears in order to recover.

28 THE AMERICAN GARDENER November/December 1997 Hand pollinating some of the colors seen below. The shrubs native azalea species growing flower heavily in early April, in Callaway Gardens resulted bottom right. in the wide variety of flower

Althol:Jgh the Galle's Hamilton, Georgia, garden is rich in native plants, it also contains imported treasures such as species of Calanthe orchids, left and top right.

(Caianthe photographs courtesy of Fred Galle)

TH E AM E R I CAN G ARD ENE R 29 When visitors began coming to Callaway new hybrids were being developed in Aus­ the roofline would be impossible to repli­ in large numbers, however, the subtle charm tralia and New Zealand, for instance." cate. "Then we made the mistake of siding of these deciduous azaleas apparently passed Lacking a reliable central registry, Galle it with western cedar," laughs Betty, "and them by. "They would say, 'Where are the took an interview approach, contacting carpenter bees were drilling holes every­ gardens?' I wondered sometimes if they every azalea grower he knew and asking for where. So we finally added vinyl siding." would have found a row ofcorn more satis­ a list of all the azalea cultivars they were Fred is a carver whose favorite subject is fYing. So we began planting rhododendrons, growing or had ever grown. mushrooms-a photo ofa quartet he whit­ evergreen Kurume azaleas, and others." "An astonishingly small number re­ tled from holly appears in his new book­ Although Betty'S teasing reference to sponded," says Abel. "A lot of them had and he used birch to shape the frames for Fred's azalea trial area made it sound a bit been farmers and they seemed to still be some of their living room furniture. This is a cozy yet open place, with lots ofglass and a deck that seems miles high because the lot UFred undertook a complete revision~ adding slopes away so quickly. The heavily wood­ ed six acres are uphill from a former mill site several hundred cultivars~ in a little more and a seasonal stream that was once dammed to power the mill. than a year. It was a herculean effort. ~~ Toward the front of the house, where the ground is level, the Galles have built beds for propagation and lining-out. In clandestine, Galle did some serious tinker­ thinking like farmers-you don't have to back, chunks of rock outline narrow paths ing with germplasm in his job at Callaway. market corn or wheat." that wind between woodland plants. "We Exiting its beach gate, you'll spot a Magno­ When the book came out, however, the like to look along the streambed for them," tiagrandiflora that's short for its species­ lists did come in, from growers who realized says Betty, who is gamboling up and down under 30 feet after an equal number of that their favorites had been overlooked. the steep paths like a teen-ager, accompa­ years-and incredibly dense. Galle explains "New information started flooding in," says nied by Rhodie, a border collie acquired a that he grew it from irradiated seeds. Abel, "and we knew we couldn't reprint few weeks ago. In 1955 he brought Callaway five root­ even though we sold out within a year or so. These Georgia hills are rich in natives like ed cuttings of the Asian fringe tree, Chio­ So Fred undertook a complete revision, Phlox paniculata, Galax urceolata (wand­ nanthusretusus, from a defunct arboretum adding several hundred cultivars, in a little flower), Sanguinaria canadensis (blood­ in Knoxville. Towering specimens today, more than a year. It was a herculean effort." root), and gingers such as Hexastylis they were in bloom during our visit, and shuttleworthii (formerly known as Asarum Betty had to lay on her horn to tear our Hol~Fol~ shuttleworthii) 'Callaway'. This seems an es­ photographer away from the sight. Galle says it took him five or six years to write pecially healthy environment for the native "They're still difficult to propagate by cut­ the azalea book, even with clerical help. The pachysandra, Pachysandra procumbens, with tings or seed," Fred observes. holly book that he just completed took mottling that stands out sharply against deep He also selected and named some in­ eight years. Production bogged down at the green leaves as big as lemons. On stones in terspecific azalea crosses with the objective last minute because Galle didn't agree with front of the house grows the resurrection of capturing forms and colors tl1at might the designer'S choice of a photograph on fern, Polypodium polypodioides, which slumps be seen in the wild. At least two are still in the back cover. The designer, as designers like a tired lichen in dry weather but rises in the trade: 'Choice Cream' and 'Galle's will, was thinking "color" in choosing a pic­ a majestic deep green following a rain. Choice'. Both are fragrant, and their pale ture ofa variegated holly. Galle, as scientists Galle displays imports as well: Skimmia, yellow flowers have wavy lobes. The first is will , was thinking "precision." an Asian evergreen, is hardy here in USDA an early bloomer; the second puts on its The holly in question was found in a Zone 8. There are both evergreen and de­ show midseason, and the flowers sport Massachusetts garden and registered as ciduous species of the terrestrial orchid white throats with pink tips. 'Honey Jo', but it hasn't been released to genus Calanthej a Japanese species of Galle was on the U.S. National Arbore­ the trade, says Galle. A branch sport of'Blue Solomon's-seal, Polygonatum falcatum, tum board in the late '70s when the taxon­ Girl', its pedigree has been made murky by which grows to only three inches tall; and ornist there, Ted Dudley, told him Timber an earlier registration under the name a dwarf form of maidenhair fern, Adi­ Press owner Richard Abel was looking for 'Gretchen'. So Galle and his publisher antum pedatum, a gift from a garden in the someone to write the definitive book on aza­ "spent two months going back and forth" Pacific Northwest. leas. Recalls Abel: "There were two books in over the issue, and compromised by using A benign climate, a house of one's own tlle works on rhododendrons, but nobody the photo without identifYing the plant. design, an adoring companion, a frisky pup. was dealing specifically witll all tlle cultivars Galle worked on the book, "scattering It's a bit smaller ilian Callaway Gardens, but of azaleas and how they can be used in the books, files, and papers from the dining it's a pretty pleasant spot to work and play. landscape. Fred was well-known in horti­ room table to the study," at the home he cultural circles, and based on his work at and Betty built down the road from Call­ Kathleen Fisher is editor of The American Callaway, he was clearly the one to do it." away in 1979. Fred designed it, using a Gardener. As we went to press, Fred Galle Says Galle: "There was a rage for new cardboard model, and met with some re­ called to let us know he and Betty would be cultivars at the time, and we wanted to sistance from their local builder/architect leaving Georgia for a retirement home in make the book's scope worldwide. A lot of who feared that the sharp interior angles of Illinois, near their son.

30 THE AMERICAN GARDENER November/December 1997 Our native pachysandra, Galle brought the garden five below, thrives in the Galles' rooted cuttings of the Asian woodland garden. In his fringe tree, right. second year at Callaway,

Fred met his wife, Betty, left, when he was lifeguarding and she was "fooling around in the deep end." Fred designed their home, above, with lets of sharp angles and glass.

THE AMERICAN GARDENER 31

All senses come Deli~ t into play in this Florida garden influenced by Chinese traditions.

b y L n d a Ma r x

When most peo~le think of a lot of trial and error. Reed knew from liv­ an Oriental garClen, the image ing in China that plant selection would be that comes to mind is probably the formal less important than how they were used: Japanese approach incorporating bonsai, grouped so that they would spill together stone, and raked sand. informally. His garden clearly demonstrates But a Chinese garden is different. "The his confidence in the use of color. But hav­ Chinese garden," observes the Oxf01rd ing lived previously in Washington, D.C., Companion to Gardens, "although it re­ he was unsure about what plants would do veals a profound and serious view of the well here in USDA Zone 10. world and man's place in it, is above all a Reed enrolled in a Master Gardener sensuous delight, and full of joy and laugh­ course offered by the Palm Beach County ter as well as peaceful contemplation." One Extension Service to learn what plants of this style's best-known adherents­ Garden owners Jim and Sheila Reed could perform well without a "cold break" thanks to Samuel Taylor Coleridge- was first admired the royal poinciana tree, in winter and also tolerate south Florida's Kublai Khan, who added a lake to palaces opposite, at the Beijing Botanical summer heat and humidity. and gardens built in the 13th century near Gardens. A walk from the house passes To enhance his understanding about what is now Beijing. a pool framed by travertine rock, Chinese gardens, he read the 18th-centu­ In fact the Chinese garden tradition, above. In spring, the orchid Epidendrum ry Chinese novel Hong Lou Meng (Dream one of the oldest in the world, influenced ibaguense colors the scene, and in fall ofthe Red Chamber), a classic three-volume the Japanese. But in comparison it is the scent of fragrant olive perfumes it. tale of a family during fe udal times. From n,ore colorful and less fastidious, and ap­ it he learned that the Chinese garden is peals to more senses than just sight. It based on strong-but not rigid-land­ embodies sounds, smells, flowing water, and Bangkok. He and his Chinese wife, scaping principles, with special emphasis on and natural features appropriate to the Sheila, had traveled throughout China forced perspective and massed color. A larger landscape in which it is created. seeking both aesthetic deli ghts and spiri­ sense ofspontaneity or imagination is stim­ Rocks are a crucial component, although tual understanding. T hey spent many ulated with glowing lanterns, stepping they can be either cut or natural stone. days at the Beijing Botanical Gardens, stones, sitting benches, splashing water Surprise and discovery are important ele­ where they were enraptured with the crossed by bridges, fish-filled lagoons, and ments; the visitor often follows a path color, symbolism, and quiet solitude. "I piped-in music. from one space to another, which can be never had the space or time for a garden In a Chinese garden, individual plants regular or oddly shaped. in Asia," says Reed. "Once I retired in are valued not for rarity, or even necessari­ In 1993, Jim Reed moved to Boynton Florida, I was anxious to begin one." ly for color, but for their symbolism. Ac­ Beach, Florida, after 15 years ofliving in Creating a Chinese-style garden in sub­ cording to Dream of the Red Chamber, a Asia as a military attache in Hong Kong tropical Florida was a project that required garden should contain Four Gentlemen,

November/ December 1997 THE AMERICAN GARDENER 33 representative of the seasons: for summer Lower-growing plants are at the lake's edge the orchid, or True Gentleman, for the and the garden'S perimeter, with taller manner in which it scents a room; for au­ plants toward tlle center. tumn, the chrysanthemum; for winter, the In Dream ofthe Red Chamber, the fam­ bamboo, which suggests an Honorable ily gardens are divided into several named Man because it bends with the wind but sections, and Reed followed that custom in does not break; and for SPling, the plum. this spectacularly colorful, fragrant, and Although Reed would eventually incor­ melodic rear garden. Throughout are scat­ pm-ate all of these plants in his garden, he tered rectangular granite plaques bearing also learned from his reacting that fruit, fra­ names etched in Chinese. Reed translates: grances, and moving water are more im­ Grandview Garden, Paradise by the Waters, portant to the overall aesthetic of a Chinese Happy Bamboo Terrace, and A Dream garden than the plants chosen. Come True Garden. The Reeds' lot is 80 by 120 feet, with Grandview Garden-the main garden the designed garden currently one-third of around which events are centered in the that and getting larger as he moves the novel-features the guava tree, the crape borders around. (It's appropriate that it myrtles, and a karum or poonga-oil tree should be a work in progress, since Chi­ (Pongamia pinnata) with strongly scent­ nese gardens often took a lifetime to cre­ ed pinkish racemes up to five inches long. ate, only to be destroyed and rebuilt Facing the community lake is a statue These provide shade for a bed of pink­ during another owner's lifetime as dynas­ of Guan Yin, goddess of mercy, top. Near fl owering azaleas beneath them. Most of ties rose and fell.) "There was no garden a lakeside sitting area, above, is a plaque these Formosa azaleas bloom in vvinter; in here before, just a few typical Florida fOlill­ identifying A Dream Come True Garden. summer tlle color palette changes to yel­ dation plantings-Ixora and Pentas-and low and coral provided by rhododen­ some dying trees," he recalls. "So I dug up drons. A purple glory bush (Tibouchina and threw away most of the existing urvilleana) provides privacy for the area plants." With loving care tlle couple resus­ flanking tlle Reeds' swimming pool. Scat­ citated a small guava, which now serves as berries-and in a shady spot, some azaleas. tered around in tlle most shady spots are an anchor to tlle garden plan. Reed had ad­ Although the Reeds' fi-ont and side gar­ stakes where orchids-white and pink mired crape myrtles in both Washington dens are eye-pleasing witll tlleir emphasis Bletilla striata and orange Epidendrum and Hong Kong, and one of his first new on purples, whites, and pinks, their focus ibaguense-bloom in spring. projects included planting a semicircle of has been on the rear garden, which slopes Paradise by the Waters is bordered on Lagerstroemia hybrids that bloom in down to a 26-acre, fish-filled community one side by more E. ibaguense and birds­ white, lavender, rose, and pink. He also lake . The height of plantings here are of-paradise (Strelitzia spp.) and two small added some berries-mostly blackberries sloped in two directions to force perspec­ pools with working waterfalls. The rear but also strawberries, blueberries, and rasp- tive and add to the impression of depth. border is planted in fragrant olive (Os-

34 THE AMERICAN GARDENER November/December 1997 manthus jl'ag1'ans) while a f1 ame-of-the­ Stone paths lead to the water and the forest tree (Butea monospe1'ma) provides small blidge Reed built fi·om which to view shade. Both are plants that Reed first no­ it. "Water plays such a big role in Chinese ticed in China. Salvia splendens and gardens that 1 built a small bridge to take sword ferns (Nephrolepis spp. ) are massed advantage of it," he says of the mesmeri z­ as a tall ground cover. There is a coral ing lakefr ollt scene. So that the bridge stone bench surrounded by African iris would be over water as well as overl ooking (Dietes iridioides) daylilies, salvia, and it, he created a water garden beneat.h it. chrysanthemums; along the rear of the Reed's garden is blessed with above­ pool runs a bed of iris and daylilies that average soil. Much of it is muck, dredged ends at a grapefruit tree. to create the lake, which he spends 10 to Happy Bamboo Terrace is dominated 40 hours a week maintaining for his com­ by a polished staUle of Guan Ytn , who rep­ munity-pau·olling, testing water, and re­ resents mercy to the Chinese, positioned trieving the occasional tennis ball. He also to gaze at the lake and calm troubled wa­ adds organic matter to the garden on a ters. Under the high shade of an oak, the regular basis. statue is surrounded by such traditional In recent weeks, Reed has begun to sub­ plants as heavenly bamboo (Nandina do­ stitute gingers fo r his understory of azaleas, mestica) 'Golden Goddess' clumping which don't perform as 'Nell as he would bamboo (Bambusa multiplex) gladioli , A purple glory bush, top, provides like in Florida's sandy soil. H e has found and verbena. There are nvo small areas, privacy for the area flanking the Reeds' great Sllccess with a plulll tree cu ltivar, dominated by a smali citrus, planted to at­ swimming pool, while bleeding heart P" 'WftlM 'Gulf Gold', selected for it~ ability tract butterflies. The water hyssop (Baco­ vine (Clerodendrum thomsoniae), to grow well here. "I find surprising simi pa spp.), a semiaquatic ground cover, above, covers an arbor to provide a larities ben·veen Chinese plants 1 admired provides food for the larvae of the white shady resting area. in Hong Kong and those that I ex.periment peacock butterfly, and monarchs lay their with here," says Reed, who pulls weeds eggs on bloodflower or scarlet milkweed each time he meanders through h.is garden (Asclepias curassavica) . small pinkish red flowers; and a bald cypress "I also tend to plant cl ose together and A Dream Come True Garden features a (Taxodium distichum). At water's edge is a alio"v seedlings of crape myrtles and dahlia6 sitting area beneath a royal poinciana tree mix of bog plants such as water cannas, to grow ali over. The result is a garden tl)at (Delonix regia) a species that the Reeds blue flag iris, pickerel weed (Pontede1'ia cor­ reflects more than a luxuriant look. It is a admired at the Beijing Botanical Gardens. data) and arrowhead (Sagitta1'ia sp.), ali spiritual place tllat my wife and I take time Flanking the bench are a fragrant butterfly of which help protect the shoreline from to enj oy n earl~ 1 every day." ginger (H edychium coronarium); a pereg­ erosion. Black-eyed Susans (R udbec!zia rina or spicy jatropha (Jatropha integerri­ hirta) and dune sunflowers (Helianthus Linda Marx is a free-lance writer living in ma) which has fiddle-shaped leaves and debilis) serve as golden-flowered accents. West Palm Beach) Florida.

Novembe1'IDecember 199 7 THE AMERICAN GARDE ! ER 35

rr=-====-=-- - ======-======---=------= - • , A mners

We asked photographer Winners Ken Druse-who's received numerous honors from AHS-to pick his 10 favorite I! images. He couldn't. 1/ iJ

I am often asked what my favorite plant is. My stock answer: the last one I

saw that I don't have. When The Ame1r ican Gardener asked me to choose my 10 favorite photographs,

I couldn't rely on a smart remark. After much agonizing I selected 14 from the 150,000 images in my

library. It wasn't enough for the image to be striking. I wanted to be sure that every picture told a story,

not just about a place or thing but

the story behind the story-what it

took to make the photograph.

Sometimes there are extreme

circumstances. I've gone 100 feet up

in a cherry picker to take a shot, and

I've also dug trenches to get the

camera closer to the ground. Often

success required a certain film stock

and just the right lens, what I in­

cluded in the framed composition

! and what I cropped out, what I took ", I W l out of focus and what I made sharp I it as a tack. I buck the popular trend II 0 1 ~ I W for photographs with limited focus: b;: => o u for example, a clear edge of a flower II I ~===----

Novembe1'IDecembe1' 199 7 THE AMERI CAN GARDENER 37 petal awash in a mush of soft color. These are often pretty, but I work to capture a great depth of field­

nearly everything sharp, from foreground to background-and use limited focus only when I want to

isolate an element.

I always strive to capture the feeling of being in a garden-the character of a place. I try to com-

municate with the audience through their guts and hearts as much as their eyes and intellect. While the

photo that records the garden is often the big, overall shot, the one that expresses its emotion and its

maker's point of view might be a subtle color combination, the placement of a treasured object, or dew

on a spider's web.

To reproduce images a full page or larger and retain quality, the ideal situation is to blow it up as

little as possible. Large format cameras, however, are cumbersome. I compromise with a medium for-

'Krinkled White' peony (The Natul'al Garden) 1989)

I underexpose all my picnlres, to the consternation of most pub­ soms and brought them inside. I placed the flowers in a simple, lishers. But I know that flowers are very reflective. An automatic smooth vase for texmral contrast, in a monochromatic setting to camera will often leave no detail in the petals--especially in the make them the obvious stars of the picmre. I llsed only the light case of whi te flowers. The thing that I love about this "fried-egg" available from the windows, thinking it would be nice to let the peony is its crepe-paperlike texmre. If! photographt;:d it in the flowers talee on the honey glow reflected off the furnishings. garden, however, I would either have to expose for the flower, i.n which case the leaves would appear nearly black, or for the leaves, which would render the fl owers as white blobs. So I cut the blos-

38 THE AMERICAN GARDENER November/D ecember 199 7 rr======-

Morning glory seeds ic bowl , and for my version of " rice paper," I grabbed the stain ­ less-steel stew pot from the kitchen and turned it upside down . (For my next book, due out in March 1999) I used natural light and fill ed in shadow areas, especiall y in ­ My last big book, The Collector's Garden, took readers across side the bowl, by bouncing the li ght back to the setting with a North American to see what gardeners on the cutting edge are pi ece of white mat board . I use all sorts of things to augment doing. r thought for my next book 1 would show not just what natural light. A small mirro r will aim a shaft of sunlight onto a gardeners can do, but how we can do it, capturing different steps subject. T he dull side of aluminum foil (always available) will of certain aspects of gardeni.ng in beauti fi.li new ways. refl ec t an overall illuminati on, while th e shiny sid e makes Many ofthe photos are a bit offbeat. For example, to iJIustrate gleaming patterns. And I always ca rry my Flexfill , a fi ve- foot­ soaking seeds---somethi.ng that helps certain ones germinate-I wide fa bric circle stretched over a wire hoop-silver o n one wanted a spare, Japanese-style image. I chose a small white ceram- sid e, white o n the other. L __ _

Novem b erl D ecembe1' 19 97 TH E AM E RI CAN GARD E N E R 39 mat camera, a Mamiya 6/4.5, which produces a transparency of that size in centimeters. It is designed

to handle more like a 35 mm than a medium-format camera. I've realized that equipment such as a tri-

pod not only gives you more control, but forces you to slow down and compose the picture more

thoughtfully. I used to take a shotgun approach to gardens, shooting 100 photos to get eight good ones.

Now I just shoot eight good ones.

Publications, by the way, require transparencies for reproduction purposes. Transparency film has

more contrast than "print" film and if exposed in sun can appear harsh-rendering bright areas nearly

white and dark nearly black. So I try to shoot on overcast days or before sunrise and after sunset. That

limits my shooting time, sometimes to an hour or two.

Little girl Seed head of 'Nelly Moser' clematis (The Natural Garden) 1989) (The Natural Shade Garden) 1992)

I served as the field editor for a magazine article about a funily I am fascinated by details of plants that nearly everyone over­ who gardened together. As the photographer, the magazine's edi­ looks, and I plant my gardens to display them. Some flowers, tors assigned someone tlley tllought would be "better witll clID ­ such as poppies, last as little as a day, but tlleir seed pods last for dren." At one point, the photographer became so frusttated witll montlls. I grow tile reliable clematis 'Nelly Moser' not for its the clIDdren not doing what she waJlted tllat she lay down on tile fleeting pink flowers, but for the fruits tllat form nearly immedi­ grass aJld threw a tantrum. During this episode, I walked with tile ately after petal drop and last for months before they turn into youngest child around tile garden aJld asked her to show me the balls of fluff. The inch-plus seed heads look like dangling jewel­ sunflower she grew. She did, happily, and tllis is tile picture-one ry made of spun gold. This photo was shot with an 80 mm of my favorites. Even tile sunflower behaved. macro lens [equivalent to a 50 mm macro on a 35 111m camera] with EPP film. It has proved to be one of my most enduring images-and is mentioned as a favorite by more people tllaJl any otller picture I've taken.

40 THE AMERICAN GARDENER November/December 1997 Bellevue Botanical Garden that turned the grass day-glo green and clouds pink. But I start­ border, Bellevue, Washington ed noticing that many pictures I admired in slide lectures were taken on the newer Fuji professional film called Velvia (RVP 50 (The Collector)s Garden) 1996) ISO). I began shooting it, and although 1 lament the loss in film I recommend professional film stocks. Most film, like fruit, is speed, I find it exceptional. The colors might be a little too shipped to stores "green" so it can sit on the shelves for a long time "punchy," but the detail and clarity in shadows are great. until it is overripe-spoiled. The colors will be off and the film will I love foliage. As you can see in this photo, Velvia records tex ­ be grainy. Professional film is slupped to camera stores when it is ture brilliantly. There is so much to see in tlus intricate planting­ "ripe" and kept refrigerated. Professional film is just a bit more ex­ no one notices tllat there are hardly any flowers in tlle picttlre. pensive-cheaper ifyou buy in bulk from mail-order sources. Since I was shooting in the shadow of puffY wlute clouds, I I have been a fan of Ektachrome Professional Plus (EPP 100 used a KR 1.5 filter. In tlle shade on sunny days, I use tl1is filter ISO) for years and never cared for tlle slower speed Fuji films with Velvia. On overcast days T don't use a filter.

November/December 199 7 THE AMERICAN GARD ENER 41 -- -- -======~

The lenses I use are an 80 mm macro, a 55 mm wide angle, a 3S mm wide angle, and a 150 mm

telephoto. I would love more, but with all my other equipment, we're talking 70 pounds. Add my lap­

top computer and imagine how I feel at the iirport when I hear "one carry-on bag per person."

My goal is to share my art, to teach, and I hope, to inspire with beauty. I usually visualize the re-

sult and then make it happen. Sometimes I even imagine the shot being used in a magazine or as a book

Allium cristophii towR across the bay. The Campanula planting shows the taste and talent of its maker. The stone wall hints at the grandeur and (The Collector)s Garden) 1996) age of the place, as does the lone poplar and lawn. This is a great I love the faded see:d heads of Allium cristophii. They can be as estate garden with a magpifice:nt manor house and astonishing large as soccer balls and look to me like Fourth-of-July sparklers. pl

-==-----

42 THE AMERICAN GARDENER November/December 1997

cover. There are occasional bolts ofluck-such as overcast, windless days-but accidental successes are

few these days . Now I've learned what a film stock, lens, f-stop, and shutter speed will do. This is some-

thing I want to stress to amateur photographers: You have much more control than you might think.

Put your camera on a tripod, and turn off dle automatic pilot.

K en Druse) con t1!ibu tinggarden editor of House Beautiful, lives and gardens in N ew Jersey and has been

photographing gardens for 20 years. H e won the A me1!ican Horticultural Society)s w1!iting award in 1993. i Symplocarpus foetidus Woodland floor I (unpublished) (The N atural Habitat Garden) 1994) I Skunk cabbages are one of my f.wo rite plants. I didn't have a I always look down, especially in the woods. The fl oor of the II I chance to spend time photographing them until I found them woodland is its graveyard and nursery, I like to say, and I want I on the site of my new garden in New Jersey. When they were to communicate, in my way, tlus notion, and to hint at me fact I' coming up in late winter, tlley looked like clusters oflitde monles that millions of organisms live in me space recorded in dUs II witll hoods pulled over tlleir heads, hurrying offto vespers. I photo. People often say a garden is never finished. Of course i took tllis picture around the time when tile spatlles split open to it's not, we don't want it to be-nature itself has no beginning, ! all ow insects to crawl inside fo r warmth and s helter~and to pol­ middle, or end. I linate til e fl owers in return. Another photo that resulted from tlus habit appeared on To get more light inside til e spatlle I used a little flashlight the September/ October cover of The American Garderbe1~ I Witll a cobalt blue piece of cellophane covering the top-to had arrived at a garden in autumn and discovered tllat tllere change tile color of tile light to match dayli ght. The blue plastic was really very little to photograph. It was in disrepair, but had bl ocked most oftl1e light, so I had to hold tile fl ashlight as close not yet reached the state of romantic ruin. Much of the archi­ to tile skunlc cabbage as possible Witllout getting it in tile picture. tecture had been torn down, and tile plantings, except for a few spli ng- fl owering shrubs, were gone. The mature trees left standing already had lost meir leaves so I looked down at tile ground and began to frame little vignettes of colorful litter.

44 TH E A M E RI C A N GAR D EN E R November/ D ecembe1' 1 997 l I

'I II II II

David garden, Austin, Texas with an apple tree branch at the top and a fig tree below helps di­ rect the viewer's eye. The apple branch also breaks up the large (House Beautiful assignment, 1995) plane of red made by the roof and covers some distracting roof James David's garden is spectacular and rich with detail-an in­ vents. The fig tree hides some scruff), plantings bet\.veen the cam­ credibly imaginative mix of arcllitecture, landscape arcllitecnlre, era and the raked gravel area in fi·ont of the house. There are sev­ and plants. I took hundreds of pictures there, but chose dlis one eral poured concrete columns in dlis area. I hid dle lightest one to include here because of all dle details dlat are not in dle pic­ behind dle juniper in the foregrowld. That also pushes dle view­ rure. I often have to compose a photograph in a way that llides er's eye back to dle center of dle photo and makes some of dle distracting elements and highlights desirable features. I wanted other columns, formerly so dominant, appear to fade away. this angle of the house and chimney, but it was filled widl dis­ In Texas and many odler places, one GUillot depend on over­ u'acting elements. I set my camera up bellind a planting so I cast days, so I took dlis photo in the cool light of daybreak. I could use its components to adjust the subject. Creating a frame warmed the light widl dle KR 1.5 filter.

____ _ I, ==== --==== -==== NOllembe1'/December 1997 THE AM E RIC A N GAR 0 ENE R 45 Montrose Garden, Hillsborough, Tower Hill Barn North Carolina (above) (this issue's cover, previously unpublished) (The CollectorJ Garden) s 1996) In 1986 the Worchester County Hor­ Sometimes a great garden seems to be all tllat I Need to take a ticultural Society took over a farm on great picture. Oddly, I have not seen many great picnues of Tower Hill in Boylston, Massachu­ Nancy Goodwin's deservedly famous garden. But capmring tlle setts, to start a public garden. They color, scale, and detail of a garden takes more tl1an pointing and concluded that the barn could not be shooting a camera. I used a slightly wide-angle lens, 55 mm, and renovated and planned to give it away. tried to get as much depth offield as possible by using a high I loved the old barn and decided to number f-stop: f22. I shot this photograph after sunset, around take its pow'ait at night with the last 7 p.m ., using my KR 1.5 filter to warm up the film to accurately light reflecting off the reservoir in the reproduce the colors. I exposed the film for one-half second. distance. One utility-light pole off to Look at the sharp zinnias in the foreground, the texture of the left was the only additional light source. the pebbles and mulch, and the black sweet potato vine. Then All artificial light sources appear as different colors on film. look at the coral sepals of the shrub, Heptacodi~tm miconioides, Hoping that the street light's orange glow would be similiar to all the way in the background tllrough the center of the arch in regular light bulbs, I chose a film balanced for "tungsten" or in­ tlle lathe house. This photo was taken witll Fuji Velvia, but ifit door light. Since a filter that is the direct complement of a color had been any later, I would have needed faster film. Velvia can't will often neutralize it, I used a pale blue filter-the color directly be shot slower than half a second. opposite orange on a color wheel-to "cool" the light. I used a light meter set for an "incident" reading. Instead of Ficus aspera leaves (opposite) measuring tlle light reflected off the subject, as most meters do, it reads the light that reaches tlle subject. Since I was shooting to (The CollectorJs Garden) 1996) the side of the light source, that is what I wanted to knOw. I I'm attracted to things that are sensational, as are most people, I stood at tlle barn and pointed the light meter at the camera. suppose. That doesn't mean I watch "America's Most Wanted" When most films are exposed for one second or more, their or read tlle supermarket tabloids. But if you want'my attention, color changes radically and tlley may become grainy. I chose just give me a juicy piece of namral trivia, something like, "The Fuji RTP with a speed of64 ISO, one of several film stocks tllat biomass of ants on earth weighs more tllan all other organisms aren't supposed to work for long exposures, but do. But in combined." I've always found the clown fig , Ficus aspera 'Par­ these instances I have to be mindful of the "reciprocity fac­ cellii', beautiful and intriguing. It is a harlequin fantasy. Even tor"-to i.ncrease the exposure by one stop, you have to double the fruits are variegated-round marbles striped white, green, the time. The meter told me to expose for four minutes, which I and red. To me the leaves look like infrared photographs of doubled to eight. The camera didn't move because it was on a earth from a satellite. I used my 80 mm macro lens and namral tripod, but the eartll did. Instead of pinpoints of planets and light at nearly noon on an overcast day, bracketing the shots to starlight, you see blurred dots. It was about 9 p.m. when I took record the entire color range from cream to dark green. tllis photo-I lost a lot of blood to mosquitoes that night.

46 THE AM E RIC AN GAR DEN E R November/December 199 7

I

still. 1fT exposed for the plants alone I would have lost all ~~.~~ ...~~.~p"~ .. ~.?~~.~~y.~.~?..~x...... detail in the greenhouse-it might have disappeared into the (New York Botanical Garden brochure, 1996) sky. In such difficult-to-reshoot situations, I bracket the ex ­ posures, choosing the exposure I think will be right (nearly I try never to shoot in full sun but sometimes I have no one stop underexposed) and then underexpose and overex­ choice, as when the cherry picker arrived at noon for a shoot pose in one-quarter-stop increments-three or four in each at the New York Botanical Garden. First, I turned my back direction. to the sun to make the shadow areas appear as small as possi­ It turned out to be a once-in-a-lifetime shot. A radio tower is ble. Then there was the bright white Enid Haupt Conserva­ being built across the street from the garden and will be in the tory, the darker sky, and paving and plants that were darker backgrowld of future photographs.

48 THE AMERICAN GARDENER NOJlembe r/December 1997 plants-altllough tllere are 800 more se­ lections mentioned in tile second edition­ but tile layering of information tlut makes EARTH WORKS the final product so useful. T hat aside, tllis is also a seri ous book for serious gardeners. A lot of information is packed into the 1,100-plus pages of this book. Summaries of each genus are fol­ lowed by concise descriptions of important species and cultivars, a simplified botanical key to distinguishing individual taxa, and suggestions for additional reading. Armitage'S expanded coverage reflects a more liberal view of what constitutes a gar­ den perennial. For instance, fe rns are now included-a nod to these wortilY garden Readings for Backyard Gardeners companions tllat were scarcely mentioned Nancy R. Hugo in tile previous edition-as are grasses and more native wildflowers. The revised book "Truly delightful is the only way also extends to plants such as oregano, a to describe this wonderful book! ea, most decorative and wi lling herb tllat savvy herbaceous perennials Earth Works by Nancy R. Hugo is gardeners have long grown for its orna­ ea, native Texas gardens mental as well as its culinary value. Ar­ filled with gardening inspirations, mitage lists five cultivars of Origanum fun, and sensitivities as well as prac­ ea,gardening with nature vulgare and waxes entllllsiastic over 0. lae­ tical and useful infonnation. It is a vigatum) a little-known knockout of a sub­ great read. You will feel as though HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL PLANTS, shrub hardy to USDA Zone 6 or 7. you are out in the garden with her SECOND EDITION T he only real regret I have is tllat color learning, observing, experimenting Allan M. Armitage. Stipes Publishing) photographs are still parsimoniously con­ and experiencing miracles in the Champaign) Illinois) 1997. 1)41 pages. 6 x fined to a central sheaf of smail plant mug outdoors. "-Houy H. SHIMIZU, 9". Publisher)s price: softcover, $56.80. AHS shots, but tllis disappointment is tempered lEwIs GINTER BOTANICAL GARDEN member price: $5l.10. STI 004 by an increase in detailed Line drawings. I especially enjoyed expanded sections he battle of the northern sea oats and on Centaurea) Ligularia) Lysimachia) and In Earth Works award-winning the showy evening primrose was not tile always confusing genus Nepeta. I wish columnist Nancy R. Hugo presents a Tfought in the first edition of I had been privy earlier month-by-month, season-by-season Allan Armitage's in my gardening life to exploration of the pleasures of gar­ H erbaceous Peren­ his tip that bluebeard dening in the mid-Atlantic. nial Plants) pub­ (Caryopteris spp.) is The book offers a wealth of helpful lished in 1989. The "welcome late summer hints and seasonal advice for both contest between relief fr om the many experienced and beginning gardeners, these aggressive pe­ yell ow daisies wllich from how to attract butterflies and rennials-the oats fl ower at that time" won, by the way-is and tllat tlleir flowers discourage Japanese beetles to when documented in the "contrast well with to prune; from how to move big trees University ofGeorgia those same yellows." to how to propagate a heirloom rose. professor's second There you have edition and is part of me essence of the 1 S b&w 11/us., $24.9S what makes the book n ew Armitage worth buying. guide-expand ed Such anecdotal in­ coverage and formation as well as friendly advice on greatly expanded cov­ how your garden erage has turned a can work hard er valuable but rather dry I!!5n".~\'.r~~ while you work encyclopedia into an in­ sm arter. Don't UNIVERSITY PRESS OF valuable treatise that's wait until you have actually rather fun to go tt e n yo u r VIRGINIA read. It's like tile differ­ mouth successful ­ Box 3608 Univcrsity Station ence between a quartet ly around Latin nomenclature. Add tllis Chm'lottcsvillc, VA 2290~-0608 and an orchestra, between a Berber carpet book to your library as soon as possible. It 804-924-H69 FAX 804-9Ih-26SS and an Oriental rug. In each case, it's not will hasten graduation from neophyte to just a matter of more notes, knots, or seasoned gardener and will aid even the

November/December 1 99 7 THE AM E R [ C AN GAR DEN E R 49 most experienced gardener in fine -tuning plant selections. -Diane Heilenman Diane H eilenman, art critic and garden columnist for the Louisville Courier-Jour­ nal, is author of Gardening in the Lower Midwest.

NATIVE TEXAS GARDENS Sally and Andy Wasowski. Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas, 1997. 185 pages. 8 3/4 X 11 1/4 ". Publisher}s price: hardcover, $39.95. AHS member price: $36. GPC 001

exas has some truly remarkable and interesting native plants, and appre­ Tciation of their worth in gardens is rapidly increasing. Membership in chap­ ters of the Native Plant Society ofTe]{as is growing, as is d~maod for native plants - and seeds. To people like me, who came to Texas after living in climates more

The Cloister Garden Series February 26 .. March 1, 1998 ome glean from the Natives Can Be Exciting Too , Heat C experts in the Mobil Index Map, Old Fashioned Plants in Five-Star elegance of the Modem Garden, and The Ace amenable to gardening, it seems the logi­ Sea Island's world-class resort. of Shovels and Other Gardening cal way to go. The extremely varied soils, Nationally recognized garden Tools. Inquire early about our many of them not easily modified for authorities bring their rich optional Photography Workshop . good gardening, and the more or less moderate winter temperatures that alter­ Tours of a private St. Simons diversity of specialized nate with searingly hot summers serious­ knowledge to this exceptional Island residence and its beautifully ly tested my gardening skills for the first summit of gardening enthusiasts. landscaped gardens are among few years I lived here. The Cloister's carefully highlights. Please join us. Call Sally and Andy Wasowski's book offers nurtured grounds provide a 800-SEA-ISLAND to reserve. Texas gardeners a stimulus by showing­ with many illustrations-that gardening fertile setting for three For in-depth information ask with native plants can be successful stimulating days of horticultural for ext. 5165. throughout the state and in all situations. presentatiom including Before and The book is designed much like an ele­ After Home Landscapes Gardens gant hard-bound magazine. Most pages of New Zealand , Versatile Vines, have up to three photographs, each with a Ferns for American Gardens , caption offering lucid comments on the scene portrayed. Yet while the photographs Co·sponsored by the Amencan Horticultural Society www.seaisland.com show many beautiful examples of native Texas plants in gardens, it is important to

50 THE A MER I CAN GAR DEN E R November/December 199----7 note that more than half-76 out ofl32- were taken in April and May, whereas only two were photographed in July and August, the most torrid months in Texas. One quot­ ed gardener admits to despair in native gar­ dening during these months and mows most of the plants, some of which then give a second season of growth in autumn. Much of the book is devoted to de­ scriptions of a wide variety of personal, public, and commercial gardens that in­ corporate native plants. Other chapters cover design of native gardens, conversion •• from "conventional" to "native" land­ .. • scapes, preserving natural landscapes, and .. • • planting and caring fo r native plant gar­ .. . dens. Chapters on how to preserve a nat­ ural landscape whil e building on the property-the building envelope- and AND SPRAY ON PROTECTION! those on restoration and maintenance of against water stress and winter kill on broad-leaf evergreens. Also great namrallandscapes offer advice on methods for keeping Christmas trees and wreaths green and healthy looking. that have proven successful. An appendL,( describes laws that hinder maintaining and THE PROVEN ANTI-TRANSPIRANT FOR OVER 50 YEARS. developing natural landscapes and address­ es possible ways in which to deal with them. Write for free literature The book offers much encouragement to those interested in making native plants WILT-PRUF® PRODUCTS, INC. a major or even subordinate part of their gardens. Personally, I find that natives fit P.o. Box 469· Essex, CT 06426-0469 well into my garden in combination with http ://www.wiltpruf.com e-mail: [email protected] imported plants that I am able to grow in Texas, and tl1is seems to me a reasonable way to use tl1em so long as space is available to provide the necessary microclimates. The book is mostly in good order, al­ though I found captions offigures reversed on page 73. An appendix cross-references The greatest book on earth. common to botanical names, but I regret tl1at itis organized by common name. This From two of the most prestigious names in gardening- makes it difficult, for example, to quickly the AHS and DK- comes the most authoritative, comprehensive, look up how many oaks are grown in na­ and accessible gUide to garden plants ever published! tive gardens in Texas. This book will, nev­ ertheless, be useful and encouraging to .. Over 1,000 fact-filled pages those in Texas and otl1er soutl1ern states who are contemplating making native • Over 15,000 detailed profiles plants part of their garden. of plants prepared by a panel of -Richard E. Norris American gardening experts F01rmerly a botany professoy and researcher; .. Over 6,000 full-color plrimarily on algae, Dr. Richayd E. Norris is photographs and illustrations ntired and studying vascula1' plants at the .. Organized alphabetically by Foyt Woyth Botanical Ga1rden. botanical name with common names and synonyms cross- referenced GARDENING WITH NATURE James van Sweden. Random House, Inc., • Am Alternate Selection of the Book-of-the-Month Club New York, 1997. 224 pages. 8 x 10". P~tb­ lishey)s plrice: hardcover, $40. AHS member pl'ice: $36. RAN 022 Where Learning ' ~~ Comes to Life hen apartment complexes in tl1e heartland start using Miscanthus W sinensis and Sedum (now Hy­ lotelephium) 'Aumnm Joy' as freely in their

November/Decembe1' 1997 THE AMERICAN GARDENER 51 plantings as they once relied on sheared yews and summer marigolds, you know that landscape architect James van Swe­ den-\:vith the collaboration and consulta­ tion of partner Wolfgang Oehme-has indeed loosened the straitjacket of Atneri­ can landscaping. Perhaps famous client Oprah Winfrey helped the cause; certainly, the early followers of van Sweden and Oehme showed gutsy independence by ripping out their front lawns and shrubs two decades ago. That the van Sweden­ One in five Americans will develop skin cancer. Don't be the one. fAJU)} Funded under cooperative agreement USO/CCUS11453-02, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). U.S. Public Health Service \ " II 0" Oehme philosophy is fast approaching ~ . .. ,,~o" mainstream seems inarguable; one can only hope that in the future perennial grasses and Rudbeckia don't become as ubiquitous

You)ve heard about it­ Now don)t miss the best! Subscribe to THE AVANT GARDENER, "the unique horticultural news service." Every month it brings you the newest, most useful gardening in for­ ni.ation-new plants, products, techniques, with sources, feature articles, special issues. 29th year. Curious? Sample copy $2. Serious? $14 a full year to new subscribers (regularly $20).

THE AVANT GARDENER P.O. Box 489M • New York, NY 10028

FREE Catalog in suburban Amelica as the present cliched ... Fantastic Savings! evergreens and annuals. Enjoy a huge selection (over 100 It is hard to quibble about success. As pages jammed with thousands van Sweden's newest publication, Garden­ of items) of top-quality tools and ing with Natul'e, demonstrates, contem­ supplies for the serious gardener. porary Amolican gardeners have long been ready for an alternative to u'aditional for­ mal plantings that demand excessive stak­ Since 1885 A.M. Leonard has pro­ vided professionals and dedicated ing, pruning, pest control, and division. gardeners Regrettably, few people have time for such tools that fussing now, nor do many people hire pro­ This holiday season, Adopt-A­ work! fessional gardeners to do the work (and Manatee." for someone you love. who's available anyway besides lawn-mow­ They'll receive a photo and ing and fertilizer/ herbicide crews? ). The biography of "their" manatee, an New American Garden advocated by van Sweden and Oehme calls for a more re­ adoption certificate and a - request la,-xed-Iooking use of plants-lots of exotic membership handbook. Your your FREE and some native grasses and herbaceous contribution will go toward efforts catalog perennials-to offer year-round visual in­ to help protect endangered today! terest, a dense layering of textures and col­ manatees and their habitat. ors, and an Attitude. Forget prissy and I • uptight. Think broad, sweeping plantings Save the Manatee®Club and views-help yourself to your neigh­ 500 N. Maitland Ave. bor,s vista-and by all means get rid of as Maitland, FL 32751 much lawn as possible. e 1-800-432-JOIN (5646) Subtitled "How James van Sweden www.objectlinks.com/manatee and Wolfgang Oehme Plant Slopes, Your donation is tax-deduct ible Meadows, Outdoor Rooms, and Garden

52 THE AMERICAN GARDENER Nov em be1'/Dec e mb er 199 7 Screens," the book includes an inu'oduc­ tory essay discussing the evolution of the author's style and philosophy, a portfoli o lackson&Perkins • of descriptions of priva te and pu blic gar­ The world's best roses LSICK SOl L? • dens designed by the author and Oehme, delivered to your door .... step-by-step insu'uctions for planning and -- planting one's garden, and an annotated Direct from the c~ II Dr. Good E~rt~! list offavorite plants. I felt that more spe­ fields to your front door, with no Identify your soil's problems and cifi c information on self-seeding or inva­ layover in garden learn how to remedy them. Order sive tendencies of certain plants would centers. J& p® Dr. GoodEarth's soil sample collection have made this last section more helpfltl. kit today! Follow the instructions and roses are plump, mail your soil samples back to our lab. The heart of the book, the portfolio sec­ healthy, ready to We'll send you the test results in 10 days. thrive. Get our tion, offers van Sweden's enthusiastic com­ Select the type of soil test you want: mentary on 27 commissioned gardens, award-winning catalog - free - o Basic Test: pH , organic matter, mostly in tl1e Nortl1east. These are accom­ fi lled wi th the phosphorous, potassium, calcium, $19.95 panied by landscape drawings and, more latest varieties. magnesium importantly, specific planting keys. The r------, o Advanced Test: Basic Test + , iron , manganese, copper, zinc , boron, , step-by-step guide to planting a garden of: ]&P catalog! , sulfur $29.95 fers some useful advice for anyo ne consid ­ FREE o Yes! Please send me my FREE copy , o Complete Test: Advanced Test + Soil ering a garden makeover, although novice of Jackson & Perldns' 1998 Rose catalog. Classification (analysis for percent sand, silt and clay) $39.95 gardeners may underestimate what's in ­ , , o Dr. GoodEarth's Soil Tips Book: volved in tl1e autl10r's occasionally breezy Print N :lOle ______, (includes postage and handling) $4.00 instructions, as in Step Seven: "Prepare the StrCcl ______A pl. ___ Dr. GoodEarlh's recommendations are soil by rototilling to a depth of eight to Cil y ______in "plain English ' for the home gardener. twelve inches and add tl1e amendments rec­ Please have your Visa or MasterCard ready: ommended as a result of your soil tests. " St:lI C------."'19=97ji:fc:c:c"'o=n7&"'Pc::O:'kc::in.s 1 Rose Lane, Dept. 813X, Medford, OR 97501 1-800-44-GREEN But the illusu'atiol1s are lavish, and 175 www.jacksonandperkins.com (444-7336) color plates and 50 black-and-white photo­ Or send check to: To 01-der owr catalog, call anytime graphs amply demonstrate why the van Dr. GoodEarth P.O. Box 411272 Sweden-Oehme team has drawn such a ~ _____!_~~_Q _Q=~_~ _1_ ~_~ _~_Qg __ __ J :!:. ~;,,~~I~ s• .~ St. Louis , MO 63141 following. Even in tl1 e heartland. -Harriet Fowler Hanriet Fowle1r is dilrector of the Unive1rsity ofK entucky Al-t Muse'/lb11't in Lexington. H eir llwiti1'tgs have appea1red in T he New York­ THE PERFECT GARDENER'S GIFT er and Fine Cooking magazines.

THE GARDEN TOURIST: 1998 Lois G. Rosenfeld. The Galrdm Toulrist Press) New Y01rle) 1997. Approx. 240 pages. 5 1/ 2 X 1 8 / 2 N . Publisher}s plrice: softcovelr) $16.95. AHS member price: $15.25. GTP 001

A 75 MINUTE VIDEO FILMED BEHIND THE SCENES his anl1ual calendar of gardening events around the country, now in Take an extraordinary journey ro London's famous its seventh year, is a must for anyone C helsea Flower Show with American gardening T authority, Lew Whitney. who likes to visit botanical gardens, go on Discover techniques that create the world's most private garden tours, attend gardening beautiful garden displays and learn the secrets of the symposia, or take in fl ower shows. From artists who design them. Mango Madness Month at Fairchild Enjoy the splendor of Chelsea without the crowds! Tropical Garden in Miami, Florida, to the "The next best thillg to seeing the Chelsea FiJJwer Show for yourself is to Boise Flower and Garden Show in Idaho, let Lew Wliitlley take YOll tlJere.» more tlun 1,600 events are listed in the - Russ Morash, Executive Produ cer The Victory Garden and This Old House 1998 editi on, which is organized by state, On Iy $29.95 PLUS $4.95 SHIPPING & HANDLING oity, and date. Included for tl1e first time CHRISTMAS DEliVERY GUARANTEED If ORDERED BY DEC. 20 • UPS PRIORITY MAIL SUS in tl1is edition are e-mail and Web site ad­ dresses for many listings, as ,veil as loca­ ORDER NOV\l ___ TOLL FREE tion information to make out-of-town events easier to find. Appendices offer 1-888-FLR-SHOW suggestions fo r regional gardening guide­ (1-888-357-7469) books and garden tour operators. A great ftom Rogers & Whitney Productions gift for tl1e gardener who likes to u'aveL

Novembel-/D ecember 1 997 THE AMERICAN GARDE NER 53 gardeners' books

Books an chosen for the AHS Horticultur­ al Book Service based on perceived reade1' interest, unusual subject matter, or sub­ stantive content. The following descriptions a1'e not intended to be critical n views, but are w1'itten to give an ove1' view ofthe books' contents. F01' further information about these 01' othe1' gardening books- or to orde1' books-please call (800) 777-7931 ext. 36. PLANNING AND PLANTING fOR THE SOUTHEAST

PETER LOEWER & LARRY MELLICHAMP NEW BOOKS Southeast, gardeners everywhere can pick be the book for that special child on your up ideas about how to use plants that holiday gift list. Beautifully illustrated by offer winter interest through flowers, fo­ Small, the book tells the uplifting story of liage, bark, or fruit. Lydia Grace, a green-thumbed waif who is sent to live with her cantankerous uncle in GETTING READY FOR WINTER Depression-era New York City. During her AND OTHER FALL TASKS year there she uses her gardening skills to Steven B1t adley. Stewart, Tabori & Chang, brighten her gray surroundings and, even­ New Y01' 1e) 1997. 112 pages. Publishe1' )s tually, to bring a smile to her w1cle's face. price: hardcover, $22.50. AHS member price: $20.25. STC 005 TAYLOR'S DICTIONARY Part of the Essential Garden Library se­ FOR GARDENERS ries, this book offers timely advice on FTances Tenenbaum. Houghton Mifflin preparing your garden for its winter rest. Company, Boston, 1997. 352 pages. Pub­ Among the gardening projects described lisher)s p1'ice: softcover, $25. AHS membe1' are constructing a cold frame, building a p1'ice: $22.50. rose arbor, pruning, and protecting ten­ (available in December) HOU 015 der plants. Includes 100 color photo­ This illustrated dictionary of gardening de­ graphs and 200 color illustrations. fines more than 2,000 horticultural and DIRR'S HARDY TREES AND SHRUBS botanical terms the adventurous gardener Michael A . Din: Timber Press, Inc., Port­ is hlcely to run across in the course of read­ CLASSICS REISSUED land, Oregon, 1997. 494 pages. Publishe1"s ing seed catalogs, gardening books, or p1'ice: hardcover, $69.95. AHS member magazines. Compiled by Tenenbaum, edi­ A GARDEN OF ONE'S OWN: price: $63. TIM 105 tor of the Taylor'S Guides to Gardening and WRITINGS OF ELIZABETH A photographic tour-de-force, this is the other books, the dictionary clearly explains LAWRENCE book Dirr fans have been waiting for. In terms relating to topics such as botanical Barbara Scott and Bobby J. Wa1'd, editon addition to the usual opinionated and in­ nomenclature, gardening techniques, plant Univenit), ofNorth Carolina Pnss, Chapel formative text we have come to expect physiology, and garden design. HiU, 1997. 281 pages. Publishe1' )s p1f ice: from Dirr, this encyclopedia of hardy hardcove1j $24.95. AHS member p1'ice: woody plants is illustrated with 1,650 THE WINTER GARDEN: $22.45. UNC 004 full-color photographs selected by the au­ PLANNING AND PLANTING After seven years of searching, the editors thor from his slide collection. At the end FOR THE SOUTHEAST have brought together 55 treasures from of the book is a useful index of plants Peter LoeweI' and Larry Mellichamp. Stack­ the dispersed trove of Lawrence's writings. grouped by desirable characteristics and pole Books) M echanicsbu1'lJ, Pennsylvania) Among the articles cull ed from such dis­ cultural requirements. 1997. 208 pages. Publishe1' )s p1'ice: hardcov­ parate sources as House and Garden, Pa­ er, $39.95. AHS member price: $36. cific H01,ticultu1'e) and GaTden Gossip are THE GARDENER STA008 ones on the author's favorite plants and Sa1t ah StewaJ't and David Small. Farm r, Just in time for winter, garden writer "Brothers of the Spade," a tribute to her Straus & Giroux, N eJV York, 1997. 40 pages. Loewer and horticulturist Mellichamp fellow gardeners. P~tblisher )s price: hardcover, $15. AHS have teamed up to produce a beautifully m embe1t p1'ice: $13.50. FSG 001 illustrated guide to creating a winter gar­ THE WELL-TEMPERED GARDEN From children's author Stewart, this may den. Although written specifically for the Christopher Lloyd. Lyons and B~t11"oTd,

54 THE AM E RIC A N GAR DEN E R Nov e mbe1'/ Decembe T 199 7 r t p1'ice: hal dcovel , $16.95. AHS member This delightful collection features 63 es­ plt ice: $15.25. LBP 002 says drawn from the volum.inous works of Su btitled "Tales of the Botanist-Explor­ this legendary English garden writer. The ers Who Enriched Our Gardens," this essays are linked chronologically to pro­ reprint of Tyler Whittle's 1970 book vide seasonal vignettes and are illusu'ated brings alive with vivid prose the exploits with the author's own original line draw­ of intre pid pl a nt hunters from ings. A checklist of plants at the end, Dioscorides and Plin y to John Bartram cross-referenced by page, provides infor­ and David Douglas. In search of fame, mation such as USDA hardiness zones, fortune, or merely scientific knowledge, flower colors, and propagation methods. some of these determined botanists en­ countered adventures that make Indiana BETH CHATTO'S GARDEN Jo nes movies seem tame. NOTEBOOK THE WEll­ Beth Chatto. Updated by Thomas Fischer. GRA AM STUART THOMAS Sagapnss, Inc. ) Sagapon,ack, New Yorle, TEMPERED 1997. 306 pages. Publisher's price: hardcov­ ~ GARDEN ~ e}) $34. 95. AHS member price: $28.70. SAG 01 1 Renowned English plantswoman Beth Chatto's friendly and informative prose has not been altered in this updated version of her 1988 classic, but botanicalnomencla­ ture has been revised and USDA hardiness Pu.blisheTS) New Yorle, 1997. 479 pages. zones assigned to the plants Chatto so lov­ Publishe1"s price: ha1'dcove1, $18.95. AHS ingly desClibes . This is the third book in the membe1' price: $17. LBP 003 acclaimed trilogy that documents the cre­ Englishman Cll1istopher Lloyd is "possibly ation of her gardens at Elmstead Market, the best garden writer alive," H enry Essex. Updated versions of the other books Mitchell once wrote. This book, first pub­ in the u'ilogy, also published by Sagapress, lished in 1973, features h.is congenial ad­ are listed below. vice on a host of both basic and more advanced garden topics, from planting, THE DAMP GARDEN prmling, and weeding to propagation and Beth Chatto. 1996. 348 pages. Publisher}s design. Plant suggestions are made for var­ price: hardcover, $32.95. AHS member ious garden settings-woodlands, contain­ CUTTINGS FROM MY GARDEN price: $29.70. SAG 007 ers, hedges- and for different seasons. NOTEBOOKS G1raham St1ltart Thomas. Sagapnss, Inc., THE DRY GARDEN THE PLANT HUNTERS Sagaponaclz, New Y01"/e, 1997. 384 pages. Beth Chatto. 1996. 195 pages. Publishe1t 's Tyle1' Whittle. Lyons & Bu.11o}·d, Pu.blishm~ btblishe1t }s price: ha1t dcove1, $39.95. AHS price: hardcove1, $29.95. AHS member New Y0 1'k, 1997. 281 pages. P1It blishe1"s 11J1tembelr plr ice: $36. SAG 012 pl'ice: $27. SAG 008

AHS HORTICULTURAL BOOK SERVICE ORDER FORM SHIP TO: Name CHOOSE PAY MENT METHOD: Address o Check enclosed. Amownt: $ City State Zip o Charge to: 0 VISA 0 MasterCard Daytime phone ( Account # ______

Book Code Qt y. Book Title Price Each Tot al Exp. date Signature

POSTAGE & HANDLI NG U.S. Mail Order Amount UPS Book Rate $1.00 - $20 $4.25 $2.00 Subtot al $20.01 - $40 $5.00 $3.00 Virginia residents: Add 4.5% sales tax $40.0] - $60 $5.75 $4.00 Postage & Handling (see chart) $60.0] - $80 $6.50 $5 .00 $80.0] - $ ]00 $7.25 $6.00 Total $100.01+ add $.75 for each additional $20.00 Mail complet ed f orm to: AHS Horticultural Book Service, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexa ndria, VA 22308-1300. Or call t oll-free (8 00) 777-7931 ext. 36. Prices in effect until December 31. 1997. After expiration date. orders will be filled pending availability. Please allow four to six weeks for delivery. Prices subject to change without notice.

NovembeT / D ecember 199 7 THE AMERICAN GARDENER 5 5 NOV. 11-15 . Watchable Wildlife Conference. The Hotel Roanoke and ~ Events marked wid1 d1is Conference Center, Roanoke, Virginia. symbol are official (540) 231-3122. "Diamond Anniversary NOV. 21-JAN. 4 • Garden Gardening Events" chosen as region­ iP'l1 of Lights. Norfolk Botanical al sites where AHS members can fl!~ Garden, Norfolk, Virginia. help us celebrate our 75d1 anniver­ (757) 441-5830. sary during 1997 . DEC. 7 • Discovery Day. Art exhibit. River Farm, Alexandria, Virginia. (800) 777-7931 ext . 764. NOV. 27-JAN. 4 • Holiday iP'l1 Display. Chicago Botanic NORTH CENTRAL fl!~ Garden, Glencoe, Illinois. (847) 835-5440. reg i 0 n'a I NOV. 2-5 • National Conference on DEC. 3 & 4 • Festival of Urban and Community Conservation. WlJ Light. Botanica, the Wichita Columbus, Ohio. (202) 547-6223 . fl!~ Gardens, Wichita, Kansas. happenings NOV. 3 & 4 • The Practice of (316) 264-0448. Restoring Native Ecosystems. Conference. Lied Conference Center, NORTHEAST a look at wha~s Nebraska City, Nebraska. (402) 474-5655. NOV. 8 • Annual Herb Fair. Madison OCT. 25-NOV. 23 . Fiesta! Annual happening around Herb Society. Olbrich Botanical Gardens, Chrysanthemum Festival. Longwood Madison, Wisconsin. (608) 246-4551 . Gardens, Kennett Square, Pennsylvan ia. the nation NOV. 8-30 • Chrysanthemum Show. (610) 388-1000. Garfield Park Conservatory and Lincoln NOV. 15 . South Jersey Orchid MID-ATLANTIC Park Conservatory, Chicago, Illinois. Society Plant Auction. Wenonah (312) 746-5100. Methodist Church, Wenonah, New Jersey. NOV. 6 • Winterizing the Garden. NOV. 16 • Morning Hike at Carvers (609) 722-0393. Lecture. Brookside Gardens, Wheaton, Pond. Holden Arboretum, Kirtland, NOV. 17 • Focusing on Biological Maryland. (301) 949-8230. Ohio. (440) 946-4400. Control for the Green Industry. Conference. University of Massachusetts Campus Center, Amherst, Massachusetts. Hillwood Closing for 18 Months (413) 545-0895. NOV. 18 . Get to Know Ground­ eginning December 13, Hillwood Museum and Gardens in Washington, covers. Class. Bartlett Arboretum, D .C., will be closed to the public as the house and gardens are renovated and Stamford, Connecticut. (203) 322-6971 . Brestored. Hillwood is the former home of Marjorie Merriweather Post, daugh­ NOV. 18 • Indoor Worm ter of cereal magnate C.W. Post. Its outdoor features include Japanese-style and Composting. Workshop. Brooklyn French parterre gardens. Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, New York. Hillwood is scheduled to reopen in late 1999. In the meantime, representative (718) 622-4433 ext . 202 . artwork from its European and Russian collections will be on tour throughout the NOV. 27-JAN. 4 • A United States. For more information, call Hillwood at (202) 686-8500. P'l I Gardener's Christmas. r!~ Display. Longwood Gardens, Polly Hill Farm Purchased Kennett Square, Pennsylvania. (610) 388-1000. arnard's Inn Farm on Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, has been purchased as the Polly Hill Arboretum, Inc. Amateur horticulturist Polly Hill has spent NORTHWEST B40 years experimenting with and propagating trees and shrubs on the 60-acre site in North Tisbury. H er plant introductions have included selections of Cornus NOV. 6 & DEC. 4 • Propagation kousa, Ilex verticillata, stewartias, crabapples, and azaleas, among others. She has re­ Workshop. Center for Urban ceived the Gold Medal of H onor from the Garden Club of America and d1e Cad1er­ Horticulture, Seattle, Washington. ine H . Sweeney Award from the American H orticultural Society. (206) 685-8033. Now 90, she will continue to live on-site during the summer and help supervise DEC. 7 • Armchair Garden Tours. Slide the arboretum, which will receive consulting services from Winterd1ur Museum in show. Northwest Horticultural Society, Wilmington, Delaware. The purchase of the arboretum was made possible d1rough Seattle, Washington. (206) 527-1794. lead gifts from the David H . Smith Foundation, members ofd1e Hill family, and anonymous horticultural colleagues of Hill's. The Department of Environmental SOUTHEAST Management of the Commonweald1 of Massachusetts provided fu nds to place a conservation restriction on d1e property. NOV. 8 • Wreaths for the Holidays. The arboretum is expected to be open to the public next spring. For informa­ Lecture. Tryon Palace, New Bern, North tion, call (5 08) 693-3776. Carolina. (800) 767-1560. NOV. 12-15 . Ecological Restoration

56 TH E AME RI CA N G A R D E N ER Nov em b er/Decemb er 1 99 7 and Regional Conservation WEST COAST NOV. 29-DEC. 6 • Christmas Strategies. Conference. Fort Lauderdale, r7 I at Filoli. Filoli Center, Wood­ Florida. (305) 247-1132 or e-mail NOV. 6-9 • Fall Plant Festival. r!~ side, California. (415) 364-8300. [email protected]. Huntington Gardens, San Marino, DEC. 6 . Holiday Plant Sale. University NOV. 14-16 . Birmingham Antiques California. (626) 405-2141 . of California Botanical Garden, Berkeley, and Garden Show. Birmingham­ NOV. 9 • Camellia Workshop. California. (510) 643-2755. Jefferson Civic Center, Birmingham, Descan so Gardens, La Canada DEC. 8 • Four Seasons of Herbs. Class. Alabama. (205) 871 -0840. Flintridge, California. (818) The Arboretum of Los Angeles County, NOV. 15-18 . Professional Grounds 95 2-4401. Arcadia, California. (626) 447-8207. Management Society Annual Conference and Green Industry Expo. Charlotte Convention Center, Charlotte, Back to the Victorian Era North Carolina. (800) 609-7467. NOV. 20 • Confessions of a Pusher: new feature at the Missouri Botanical Garden is the I

NOllen~ber/ D ece7nbe7' 1 997 T H E AMER I CAN GAR D ENER 57 1996-1997 Contributors

"'Word.! tbat come from tbe beart enter tbe beart. n That old saying CalU10t ring truer as I reflect on the contributors and supporting organizations and fOlmdations listed below. Throughout this 75th Anniversary year we have rededicated ourselves to ensuring dlat dle AHS mission is clearly articulated. And yo u have responded. Gen­ erous donations and bequests are helping us develop plans dut wiLl not only ensure the Society'S survival, but also provide for growth and challge. As stewards ofdle natural world, AHS members are dedicated to enhal1Cing and sharing dleir knowledge about plants, gal'den design, and me environmental impact of gardening. AHS is dle one national orgalllzation where gar­ deners, horticultural professionals, the green industries, policy malcers, and the media come togedler for dle ad­ vancement of better gardening. Our efforts inJluence dle 72 million AmelicallS who have made gardening dle nation's fastest-growing hobby. Membership dues direcdy support dle Society'S active and vital programs to share gardelllng knowledge, pro­ mote responsible gardelllng, support scientific achievements, advance dle horticultural profession, and reach out to communities in need. Every AHS member can be a partner in dlis enterprise. There are a host of ways you Call be involved, dlroUgh alU1ual donations, volunteeting to work on a special event or comn1ittee, participating in educa­ tional events such as our allnual Youth Gardening Symposia, contributing to our nationally recognized Horticul­ tural Intern Program, or becoming actively involved Witll our Friends of River Farm. I hope you will take the OppOrtLllllty to join your colleagues and fellow gardeners in supporting tlle American Horticultural Society. In dle words of Winston Churcl1ill, "We make a living by what we get, but we make a life by what we give." -Linda D. Hallman, AHS President/CEO

Go[() Circle Mr. Kurt Bluemel Mrs. Helen H. Spalding Ms. Sarah A. Crane Gifts of $50,000 and more Mrs. Elspeth G. Bobbs Mr. and Mrs. William M. Spencer III Ms. Sharon Darling EstatG of Mrs. Jobn E. Lutz II Mrs. Nancy H . Callaway Dr. George E. Staehle Mrs. Natalie J. Deyrup Mr. Charles T. Campbell Miss Jane Steffey Ms. Joyce H. Dory River F arm AdJOciatu Ms. Susan M. Cargill John and Valelie Thomas Mr. and Mrs. Duane M. Duman Gifts of $20,000 to $49,999 Dr. and Mrs. H . Marc Cath ey Mrs. Nancy S. Thomas Mr. and Mrs. Henry F. Dunbar Monrovia Mrs. Lammot duPont Copeland Mrs. Harry J. Van de Kamp Mrs. Coleman dllPont Mr. and Mrs. James L. Corfield Mr. and Mrs. Robert D . Volk Ms. Suzanne Dworsky Chairman d Circle Mrs. Margery Hale Crane Mrs. Helen Fulcher Walutes Mrs. James Dyke Gifts of$10,000 to $19,999 Mr. and Mrs. James F. Delano Ms. Katy Moss Warner Robert Eigelberger Mrs. Frances B. McAllister Ms. Maureen De St. Croix Mr. Samuel A. Wigley Ms. Jackie Evans Fin.e Mountain Benevolent Mr. R. Dowlen Mrs. Marillyn B. Wilson Exxon Corporation Foundation Mrs. Beverley White Dunn Judge and Mrs. Robert Fleming Mrs. Rudl Eckerd 1922 F OllllderJ AddociateJ Ms. Carolyn V.E. Foil Lwerty Hyde Bailey A.Mociatu Mr. and Mrs. Alain H. Floquet Gifts of $500 to $999 Mr. Joel Friedman Gifts of$5,000 to $9,999 Dr. John Alex Floyd Jr. American FlOlists' Exchange Mr. and iVlrs. Fred Gluck Mr. & Mrs. Glen Charles Mrs. Ethel W. Foley Mr. Patlick M. Anderson Mr. and Mrs. Willianl Gundlach Mr. Paul Ecke Jr. Mr. Glenn A. Goldsmidl Mrs. William J. Ash Ms. Martina W. Haggard Mrs. Walter M . Morgan Jr. Mrs. Marion E. Greene Mr. Stuart Baily Mrs. Thomas B. Hall III Mrs. Ri chard W. Hamming Jean and Daniel Bell Mrs. Richard W. Hansel man Haupt Addociatu Mr. and Mrs. MiL'( Hard Ms. Carol G. Berry Ms. L~ura H artlllan Gifts of$2,500 to $4,999 Mrs. Elsie Hilliard Hillman Mrs. George P. Bissell Jr. Mr. and iVL·s. Michael Hartman Alexandria Council of Garden Clubs Mrs. Richard J. Hopp Mr. Bruce Bordine Mrs. Charles A. H obbs 1\Ilr. & Mrs. James L. Bartlett J r. Ms. Patricia J odsaas Mrs. Thomas M. Brennan Mr. and Mrs. John E. Holden Mrs. Betty R. Grisham Ms. Jane Kammerer Mr. and Mrs. Maynard Brownell Mr. Claude Hope Mr. Gerald T. Halpin Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Ku lp Jr. H arriet Kay Burnstein Mr. and Mrs. Preston B. Hotchkis Mr. Charles Henry Smith Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Gerson Leiber Mrs. Jane Peters Camp Mr. Richard Hupfel Mrs. Harvey C. White Mrs. Elizabeth Marshall Mrs. Douglass Campbell Dr. and Mrs. Richard Ishmael Yacht H aven Garden Club Mr. T heodore R. MarstOn Ms. Barbara L. Carr Mr. Eugene W. Jackson Mr. and Mrs. John McDougall Mrs. Thomas E . Carroll Mrs. John J. Jackson Pruidentd Council Mr. and Mrs. Egon Molbak The Elisabeth Reed Carter Trust The Jelks Family FOllndation, Inc. Gifts of$1,000 to $2,499 Ms. Carol C. Morrison Ms. Sandra B. Chandler Mr. and Mrs. Alan Kinghorn Mrs. Alberta Wood Allen Ms. Judidl Evans Parker Chase Manhattan Foundation Mrs. John K. Knorr III Mr. and Mrs. Richard C. Angino Mrs. Frances Jones Poetker Mr. and Mrs. Howard Cobb Ms. Marcia E. Korwin Mrs. William Beckett Mrs. David Y. ProctOr J r. Mr. John Coleman Mr. Emile Labadie Mrs. Katherine McKay Belk Mr. and Mrs. Alfi'ed G. Rindler Mr. James Collins Mr. Robert Ledbetter Mr. and Mrs. C. William Black Mr. Harry A. RissettO, Esq. Ms. Jesse ColtOn Mr. and Mrs. MiltOn LeightOn Dr. Sherran Blair Mrs. Louisa Stude Sarofim Ms. Christine Conlon Mr. and J\il.rs. James Lennon Mrs. Mary Katherine BloLlnt Mr. Emanuel Shemin Ms. Carolyn Cramer Mr. F. Harlan Lewis

ERICAN GARDENER Mrs. Betty Carter Love Ms. DorotllY Carpenter Mrs. Anne Massey Ms. Lynn Aminzadeh Mrs. Betty K McDonald Ms. Wendy Carson Mrs. Lo uise Massie Mr. John F. Amiss Ms. Carole McElwee Ms. Cindy j. Cary Charl otte Matlley Ms. T heaAmr Mr. and Mrs. Henry W. McIlwaine Jr. Mrs. G. Chadwi ck Mrs. E li zabetll 1. McBratney Mrs. KT. Andersen Mr. Wall ace E. McIntyre Frances Chapman Ms. Nancy B. McCormack Mr. Carl Anderson Mrs. Gene Mill er Ms. Kathleen Cigan Mrs. Lotte 1<. Melhorn Ms. Judy A. Anderson Mrs. WR. Mill er Mrs. Eli zabeth Mapes Clark Ms. Flitzie K Mi chaels Ms. Taimi Ande];son Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Motch Mrs. H enry C. Clark Dr. Deborah Milenkovitch Mr. Larry S. Andrew Nlr. and Mrs. Thomas C. Nathan Ms. Adele Clement Ms. Siurley A. Nicolai Ms. Jane Andrus NCA Federation of Garden Ms. Cecelia Grace Cochran Ms. Frances A. Numrich Mr. R. W Apple Jr. Clubs, Inc. Ms. Karen Colamussi Ms. Sheila O 'Donnell Mrs. John H . AIiail Jr. Ms. Barbara C. Noll Collin gwood Garden Club Ms. Vickie O 'Gara Ms. Patti Armbruster Nlr. and Mrs. Robert H. Noyes Jr. Mrs. Rutll G. Conly Mrs. Patricia D. O aks Ms. Linda Z. Armes Mr. Bruce P. Olson Ms. Victori a Cordova Ms. N ina B. O lander Mrs. Robert H . Asplundh Mr. Michael Panas Mr. and Mrs. David M. Crawford Ms. Annabel Onstott Ms. Veronica Atkins Nlr. Ronald A. Partnoy Mrs. janet Cremeans Ms. Debbie Preble Ms. jeanette Lee Atkinson Mr. Standish K Penton Ms. H aniet P. Davis Mr. Walter D. Pu gh Ms. Merritt Atwood Ms. Chlistine Perdue Mr. Keitll G. Davis Dr. Julia W Ra ppaport Ms. J. Babiarz Col. and Mrs. WM. Pickard Ms. Nancy de Las ki Mr. Geo flTe y 1. Rausch Mr. A.E. Baggett Jr. Ms. Patricia 1. Pierce Ms. Ern a C.N. de Vegvar Dr. and Mrs. Robert Raymond Ms. Beth Bail ey Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Plesent Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Dean Ms. Diane E. Reba Mr. Robert Bailey Ms. Christina Powell Mrs. John Defi'ies Ms. joan Reeves Mrs. Ruby Sewell Bailey Mr. and Mrs. William A. Pusey Mrs. Susa n Reeves Deland Mrs. T homas J. Reis Mr. Earl R. Baldwin Mr. J.A. Radway Jr. Ms. Rita D. Dobbins Ms. Betty Ri ce Ms. Diane Ba mbenek Mr. and Mrs. Hal Roach M . M. DOl'finan Mr. and Mrs. John Roberts Ms. T.A. Bal'amki Rita Robert Mrs. Nancy S. Doutllit Ms. Marta Jo Robotllam Dr. Joan K Barber Mrs. Walter M. Robinson Jr. Mrs. Robert W. Duemling Miss Mary A. Root Mr. Michael Bari ckman Mr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Rohrer Ms. Val Dumke Dr. Stephanie Russo Ms. Lucille G. Barnas Ms. Angela B. Ross Mrs. W.W. Dunnan Nlr. David E. Rust Mr. Robert Barnes Mrs. Diana Carter Samples Mrs. E. Eisenhart Ms. Charlotte Ryden Ms. Kristen Barrash Mrs. Frank Sc hultz Mr. Charl es H . Fay Mr. AdolfSc hoepe D r. William E. Barrick Dr. and Mrs. Arthur G. Seski Mrs. Alison]. Flemer Mrs. wv. Shipley Mr. Paul Barthel Mrs. Josephine M. Shanks Ms. Sheila C. Flynn Mr. Charl es Sisung Mr. and Mrs. James W. Bartlett III Nlr. James A. Shell enberger Mrs. Robert Frackel ton Ms. Constance H . Snuth Ms. Mary Alice Baumberger Ms. B,J. Siepierski Mrs. Wendy C. Fritz Mrs. Peter G. Smitll Mrs. DorotllY Bayerle Dr. and Mrs. Ralph E. Smith Cyntlua Frohlich Mr. Len W. Sorensen Mr. H enry Beaty Dr. William W. Smith Nlr. Thomas E. Frye Ms. Irene Stella Ms. Susan P. Bechtel Ms. Hildegarde Sorenson Mrs. Peter Gallagher Mrs. Real' Sterlin g Ms. Chlistine E. Behnke Nlr. and Mrs. Bailey Sory III Mrs. George B. Gardner Ms. Susan H. Stoudt Ms. Jan Baker Belcher Nlr. Arthur Soybel Ms. Jody Gebhardt Mr. Bradley A. Sweet Mr. Marty Belcher Mr. and Mrs. Billy Sumner Ms. Nancy Gilbert Ms. Midge Taecker Mr. H . Hampton Bell Nlr. and Mrs. George Tate Ms. Mary Elena Goodan Ms. Jane T homas Mr. Bernard E. Belleville Nlr. Carl Taylor Mrs. Clark Graham D r. Paul W. Titman Ms. DiaIme Benson Mr. H enry Thielbar Mr. Robert Grallam Ms. Amanda Topper Mr. Robert S. Berg Nlr. Joe Vial' Mrs. Alan Green Jr. Mrs. Richard 1. Turner Mr. J.D. Bernardy Mr. and Mrs. Norman Volk Miss Ann E. Gresham Mrs. Francis 1. Van Dusen Mr. Charl es Betlllce Mrs. F. Lee Wendell Mrs. Richard Hagemeyer Mrs. T hea Van Huystee Ms. SaIlcira K. Bishop Nlrs. Charlotte S. Wyman Mrs. Joseph E. Hall Mrs. Caryl Vandermolen Mr. James R. Blackaby Mrs. Helen H argreaves Mrs. James H . Walker Mr. Robert R. Blackburn Garden Cw"iCJ T.R. Harrison Jr. Mrs. Enid N. Warner Mr. Bill Blevins Gifts of $250 to $499 Mrs. Jolm O . H edden Julie Wharton Bloomfield Land and Plants Mr. and Mrs. E. Dumont Ackerman Nlrs. Lenore A. H edla Ms. Jean Wlute Mr. Al aIl Boerger Nlrs. B.D. Adams Mrs. W.D. H enderson Ms. Lolita B. Wichman C.E. Bollinger Nlrs. Leigh Allison Ms. Betty B. H ollister Mr. John H . Wilson Mr. R. Bond Mr. Thomas W. Andrews Dr. James B. H orne Mrs. Joe H . Woody Mrs. Douglas Borden Ms. Joanne N. Ayers Ms. Judy M. H orton Mrs. Jolm Wylde Dr. Jack Borders Mrs. C. Wanton Balis Ms. Yangsook H ou Mrs. AIm Rice Yager Ms. Lois Bosken Mr. R.A. Bartlett Jr. Mrs. Betty H owson Ms. Barbara 1. Bossong Ms. Martha E. Becker Mr. and Mrs. Paul Icenogle Garden Friend" Mr. James Bowling Ms. Theodora B. Berg Mr. William E. John Gifts of $100 to $249 Mr. W. Brack Mr. and Mrs. Buck Berkeley Mr. Sanluel B. Johnson Mr. Kazuyuki Abe Mrs. JOaIme Bramsen Nlrs. Adele Block Mrs. Bruce Jolly Estanne Abrallam Mr. James E. Breashears Nlr. Harold Boeschenstein Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Richard E. Jones Mr. William J. Ackerman Ms. J. Breier Mr. Joe Breger Mr. John Junas Ms. Carol M. Agee Ms. Karen Breneman Nlrs. Maureen Brill Ms. Meg KalaczlUk Mr. Peter A. Agelasto III Mrs. Jeanne K Briscoe Nlrs. Alexander Bruen Mrs. B.F. Kauffman C.S. Albuquerque Mrs. Sidney F. Brody Ms. Brenda M. Budd Dr. Joye D. Kent Nlr. and Mrs. Quentin Alexander Nlr. Bob Brooks Nlrs. Sonya 1. Burgher Ms. Katllleen 1. Kummer Ms. Sherry H. Allen Mrs. H arriet L. Brooks Ms. Barbara C. Burhans Mrs. Frances Kunkel Mr. Walter C. Allen Mr. and Nlrs. Allen Brown Mrs. Charles M . Butler Mr. John Lansdale Ms. Jane E. Allen-Fenster Mrs. Ellis L. Brown Ms. Veronica Boswell Butler Mr. Walter F. Leinhardt Mr. E.D. Al yea Jr. Mrs. Fitzhugh 1. Brown Ms. Dot Bybee MacArtllLu' FOLlI1dation Ms. Dorothy Anlarino Mrs. Ilis Browne Ms. Rosalie Cameron Mr. Edgar J. Marston III Dr. Thomas G. Anlason Jr. Mrs. John H. Bryan Jr. Nlr. W.R. Carmichael Dr. Alfred S. Martin Ms. Effie K AIllbler Mr. Charles B. Bu chanan

THE AMERICAN GA Mr. Raymo nd W. BuckJr. Ms. Karla Da Ll ey Ms. E. Ina Fisk Mr. C . Harris Mrs. Becky Hill Buckley Ms. Panicia Danford Mrs. Luin Fitch Mr. Don V. Harris J r. Ms. Mignon Buehler Daniel Stowe Botanic Garden Ms. Nan cy Fitzgerald-Greene Mr. Stan H arrison Mr. and Mrs. Childs F. Burden Mrs. Joshua Darden Ms. Susan Fitzhenry Mr. Wade C. H anison II Mr. C . Perry Burdon Ms. H elen L. Dash Ms. Deborall Fl ower Ms. Dina Hartley Mr. Leroy Burgess Mrs. Marguerite Datt Flower Barn Mr. George W. H artley Dr. John A. Burkholder Ms. Gail Davidson Mr. C. Fogelsu'o m Mr. and Mrs. Cw-ran Harvey Mr. Martin L. Busler Ms. Ann Price Davis Mr. Kirby W. Fong Mr. Paul H arvey Dr. and Mrs. DouthardR. Butler iVlr. and Mrs. J.R. Davis Mrs. Ka rin FonUleau Mr. TimotllYH arwood Mrs. Sarah Butler Ms. Vicki D avison Mrs. W. Kent Ford Mrs. E.P. H athaway Ms. Shirley Byers Counte Michael de Villegas Mrs. James R. Forman Jr. Mr. Alfi'ed D. H auersperger Mr. John C. Bliggs Baronne Bligitte de Villenfagne Ms. LaUlice Formato Mrs. Gertraud E. H aupt Mr. Francis H . Cabot Ms. Nana L. Dealy Mr. Fred H . Forrest Ms. Evelyn H avir Ms. Virgi nia Cairns Mr. Allen D eitz Ms. Sheryl Forte Mr. Jay H ayes Ms. Gail L. Campbell Mr. Elliot Dembner Ms. H aniet G. Fotter Mr. B.D. H aylor Jesse P. Campbell Mr. James S. Deneke Mr. Rich Francis Mrs. Willianl H ays Ms. Marilyn Carbonara Mrs. Alan W. D elUley Mrs. Chas W. Fraser Ms. Allyson M . H ayward Ms. Sarah K. Carey Mrs. v.w. Dennis Ms. Joamle Fray Mr. and Mrs. George H azen Mr. Brian A. Carlin Mr. Robert C. Dewey Ms. Lora Freifeld Mrs. Silliley H ebenton Ms. Dudley Carlson Ms. Soledad C. Diaz Mr. David R. Frey Mr. Ro bert Craig H eberton Ms. Catllaline Carpenter Mrs. Wiley Dinsmore Ms. Katllerine Fiiauf Ms. Cindy H ed..in Mr. H..ichard V. Carr Mr. Brian K. Dixon Ms. Barbara J. Fried Ms. H ollen Helbert Mr. James R. Carroll Ms. Linda Doherty Mr. Stanley Fry Dr. H.A. H eller Mr. H odd..ing Carter Ms. Valerie Domanico Ms. Cluistine Kurtz Fuerhoff Mrs. Evelyn G. Helm Ms. Sandra Carter Mr. Steven J. Do mbroske M s. Susan Fuller Mr. Gerald L. H empt Mr. William H . Carter Jr. Mrs. Hugh M. D orsey Jr. Ms. D orotllY C. Fuqua M r. Albert Hendley Mr. Calvin R. Carver Jr. Mrs. Lynne W. Doss Mr. Bernard M . Gallois Mrs. Margaret W. H endrickson Ms. Rita Casey Double M Ranch Mr. and Mrs. John Garber Mrs. Catllerine W. H erman M s. Eva G. Catlley Ms. Suzanne D ouglass T he Garden Club of Alexandlia Dr. Jolm H errington Mr. H.E. Cauthen Jr. Ms. Carol N. D owden Garden Club of CheV)' Chase Mr. Edward H.ickey Mr. Ralph A. Champlin Ms. Judy D owell Ms. Anne Gault Ms. Audrey H.igbee Mrs. H enry T. Chandler Ms. Janice Doyle Ms. Sonja Gegel Mrs. H arry H.igbie Mr. Bob Chapman Ms. Nell M. D ragovan Mrs. Geral d..in e GelUler Ms. Beverly Hill Ms. Mary L. Chapman Ms. KatllY Dlinnon Mrs. Jolm B. Gerlach Mrs. H emUng Hilliard Mrs. Malion O . Charles Ms. Georgiana Ducas Mrs. Roger G. Gerry Mrs. Sturtevant H obbs Mr. Ying Fu Chen Mr. John Due Mr. Philip Gibber Mr. Albrecht H och Dr. Norman L. C hm..ielewski Dr. Lawrence H . Dunlap Ms. NeLl Gifford-Martin Mr. Karl H ochschwender Mr. Richard J. Christensen M rs. Peg Dw-lJ1i gan Mrs. Prudence D . Gilmore Mrs. Lud\vig H offinan Mr. Rick Chlistenson Mr. Joseph F. Duplinsky Mrs. A.F. Gleim Mr. and Mrs. Joseph H ofh eimer Ms. Anne J. Clark Mrs. Nicholas R. duPo nt Ms. Betll Glendening M r. and Mrs. Mark H oleman Mr:s . .Mary C. Clark Ms. Eleano r Dusenberry Ms. Nad..ine N. Glover Mrs. Joseph H olliday Mrs. Harry Cleaveland Ms. Floss Dworkin Mr. Do n Diego Salmeron Godoy Mr. L. H olloway Ms. Sarall Clements Mr. William Dwyer Mrs. Fred T. Goldberg Jr. Mr. Charles H oltz Ms. Mary J. Clink Ms. Anne Earhart Mrs. Norman H. Gold..ing Ms. Nancy M. H oopes Ms. Jud..ith Cohn Dr. Otll0 D . Easterday Mrs. Jam es O . Goldman Mrs. Barbara K. H opper Dr. Robert Coldren M s. E Li zabetll M. Edward Mrs. Jeremy Gordon Ms. Eli zabeili H orton Ms. P. Coleman Ms. Jane M . Edwards Ms. Sarall E. Gotch M r. and Mrs. Richard C. Mr. W. Coleman Ms. Sharon K. Edwards Mr. Ro bert Grabowski H o useworth Dr. Marit V. Colfer Ms. Lois M . Egan Mr. Wm. R. Grallam Mrs. R. BoaUler H owell Mr. Norman E. Colten Mr. Jerome H . Eichert Mrs. W.S. Graham Mr. A.C. Hubbard Jr. Ms. Adeline Congdon Dr. Kenneth Eisold Mrs. Ed..itll A. Greene Mr. Charles E. Hugel Ms. Pliscilla Connell Mr. Larry Elder Mr. James C. Grimes M r. De fumand Hull Ms. Kathleen Cook N .v. Ellerton Ms. Susan Glissom Ms. A1uta F. Hulley Mrs. Willianl Cooper Mr. R. Ellis Mr. D . Gross Mr. Rex Humphrey Mr. H orace W. Corbin Ms. Janice E. Emkj Mr. G.c. Gross HLUlting Creek Garden Club Mrs. Ri chard F. Corroon Mrs. J.w. Emling Mr. Louis Guidett.i Mr. Frank Hurlburt Mr. Gene Courteau Dr. Wilbur Enns Ms. Helen M . H abennann Mr. James W. Hutson Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey C. Covill Mr. David Elickson Mrs. William M . H ackman Mr. Richa.rd J. Hutton Mr. Evan R. Cowles M s. Julie Ernest Mr. R. Demus H ager Mrs. Charles H . H yde Ms. Genola B. Cox Mrs. Robert C. Eschweiler Mrs. G.E. Hall Mr. L.A. H ymo M r. Artllllr F. Coxford Mr. R.H . Etllier Mrs. H . Thomas H all owell Jr. Ms. Eli zabeth L. Iber Ms. Rosalind Creasy Ms. Anjanette Fabian Mrs. R. H amilton Interactive Landscape Mrs. William Cromer M .D . Faitll Mr. Samuel M.v. H am.ilto n Ms. Eli zabeth A. Jack Mr. Alton Cronk Mr. Kevin J. Fallis Mr. Ed H amlin M r. Coles C. Jackson Ms. Christine M. Croy Mr. Norman Farrell Mr. M . H ampton Ms. Jinny Jacobs Ms. Joyce Cruse Ms. Marcia Farris Ms. Carol H anuick Mrs. Stuart Jacobs Mr. Pauick Cullen Ms. Sandra FasUlow Mr. Jolm E. H aner Ms. Sara Jaeger M.r. Charles Culton Ms. Linda Faust Ms. Jean Hamleman Mr. Jolm W. James III Ms. Deirdre Cunningham Mrs. Cheryl Fee Mr. H ard..in Mrs. Susan G. James Ms. Tonja K. Curry Ms. D o min.iq ue Ferate Ms. Winifi-ed C. Hard..ing Mrs. Ro bert E. Jamplis Mr. Jack Curtis Ms. H oll y D . Ferguson Ms. Jane P. H ardy Mr. H.i chard Janes Mr. George D'AguamlO Mr. Kerwin A. Fischer Ms. Tammy H arkness Ms. Bomue J ea.IU1e Mr. and Mrs. Fra nk D 'Andraia Mr. John William Fish Mrs. Domla B. H arlan Ms. Susan Jdfries Mrs. Y. D 'Angelo Ms. Jean M . Fisher Mr. Justin C. H arper Ms. C. Jocher

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E RI C AN GARD EN ER N ovember/ . ;; r Sissel JohmUlesse n Mr. Andre Legare Mr. D.], Mick Mr. Gary Peiffer Mrs. Jennifer V. Johnson Mr. Leonard e. Lehman Ms. Dorothy Mick Mrs. Nicholas G. Penniman ITI Mr. Joseph L. Johnson Mrs. Lo uise Lehrman Mrs. B.J. Middleton Miss J.L. Pennock Ms. Katherine Johnson Mr. Peter Lejins Midorinoyubi Inc. J.L. Pennock Jr. Ms. Mary Ida Johnson Ms. Ann Lennartz Ms. Jane Mihalich Ms. Mauguerite Peoples Ms. Renee L. Johnson !vIs. Laura e. Levine Mrs. Dorothy Miller Mr. Robert James Pary Mrs. Saily Johnson Mrs. Betty Lewis Mrs. H armon B. Mi ller III Mr. George Peters Mr. Wayne K. Johnson Mrs. Wi ll ard Lipps Mr. Richard j . Mi ll er Mrs. A.M. Peterson Ms. julie Johnstone Mr. Abbott Lipsky Ms. Sharon A. Mill er Ms. Karen J. Petrey Pat Jolicoeur Dr. Samuel e. Litzenberger Mr. T homas E. Mill er Mrs. E. Hood PhiLlips Mr. Alan Jones Mr. Robert H . Locke Mr. Gilbert A. Millikan Mr. Roger Phillips Ms. Ann Jones Mr. John Lockhart Ms. Marcia Mishaan Ms. Joanne Pianka Ms. Eli zabeth L. jo nes Ms. Eli za beth Loker Mr. Gregory Mistcrovich Ms. Mildred B. Pi cci one Ml's. Graham M. Jones Ms. Ellin London Mr. and Mrs. John e. Mitchell II Mrs. WB. Pi eper Mr. e.W. Josey Jr. Long Hill Reserva tion Ms. Margaret Mitchell Ms. Phyllis Pi erce Dr. Nora Maya Kachaturoff Mrs. William R. Loomis lvll-. Robert Monk Mrs. Poll y Pierce M1'. and !viI's. Robert Kady Mrs. Nell Bailey Losada Mrs. Gordon M. Moodi e Mrs. Josephine Pil tz Ms. Alexandra Kahn !vIs. Grace Lossman lvll-s. Richm'd Moore Ms. Tami Pipkin Mrs. Ruth 1. Kaiser Mr. Ben Lowell Dr. Richm'd D. Moore Mrs. Lyndell Pirde Mrs. Jamie Kmllph Dr. Richm'd L. Lower Mr . e.], Morales Ms. Margot H . Pliml Mrs. john D .H. Kane Mr. Edward A. Lozick Mr. Russell Morash Mr. Dimiu'i Pli onis Mr. Sheldon D. Kaplan Ms. Patricia Lundholm Mrs. C1u'istopher L. Moseley Mr. T. Joseph Pond Mr. H ayrettin Ka raca Mrs. JoAn G. Lyon Mrs. Margaret Mot in ger Ms. Malena Pontious M1'. Gregoire Kasprzak Dr. Amine B. Maalouf Ms. Marcia Moylan Dr. Les Porter Ms. Eli zabeth Anne Keat Ms. Helen MacGregor Mrs. Craig Wlight Muckle Miss Prisc illa M. Porter Ms. Barbara Ke nt Ms. Madel eine Maclndoe Mrs. T homas C. Muench Mr. and Mrs. E.E. Post Ms. LaVonne A. Ke rn Mrs. John Maco mber Dr. Peter Muhlenberg Ms. Muriel Potter Ms. Wauneta Kerr Mr. Carmino Maddclina Ms. Jane Mu ll ins lvll-. Lawrence V. Power Mr. Orland A. Kidwell Ms. K.L. Magraw John and Frances Mundell Ms. Mary Ann Powers Mr. Richm'd Kilberg Mrs. Robert L. Maher M . Kathy Munjuk PPG Indusu'ies Foundation Ms. Margaret G. Kin g Ms. Claudia W. Mandabach Dr. and Mrs. Grover E. Murray Dr. William H. Preston Mrs. Ward H. Ki pps Mr. William H. Mandel Ms. Louellen Murray Senator Jolm e. PritzlaffJr. !vll·s. Barbm'a Kirchner L. e. Mansfield Ms. Dorothy S. Nadherny Ms. Virginia Provost)'-Bessent Ms. Karen Kish Mrs. Mary Maran Mr. W.D. Navratil Mr. Stephen J. Purtell Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Klein Ms. P. Marco Ms. LYlule Nee Mrs. ],M. Quinn Mrs. Josephine Kl ein Ms. Haniet Mm-ple Ms. ],e. Nelson Ms. Nancy J. Rachmml Mr. Gene Klump Dr. Bruce R. Mm's hall Ms. Anne Nevalcline 1\Il s. Kadueen Ramsey Ms. Carol Knapp-Ayers Mr. Jim B. Marshall Mr. Richard Nevius Mrs. F. Randolph Mrs. James H. Knowles Mr. Randolph Marshall M . Jane M . Newman Ms. Octavia Randolph Knoxvill e Garden Club Mr. Dave Martin Dr. Charl es W. Nichols Mrs. Sylvan Raphael Mrs. Donald F. Kohler Mrs. Mm'tha B. Martin Ms. Julie Nilson M1'. Gerald L. Rapp !vll-. and Mrs. Max N . Konanz Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Martin M . Patricia P. Nolan Mrs. Flavia Redelmeier Ms. ],A. Kopperud Mr. Gary Martino Ms. Judy Noni Mrs. Earl L. Reeb Jf. Ms. Esta Kornfield Ms. Malilyn Mason Mrs. R.H. Norweb Jr. Ms. Ann L. Reed Mr. Peter Kosiba Dr. John W. Mastalerz Mr. and Mrs. H .D. Nottin gham lvll-. John L1.ndon ReevFred Rogers Jr. Mrs. Elaine B. Lmlg Ms. Isabel R. Means Mr. H .D. Pallister Jr. Mrs. M. Romano Ms. A1 exandl'ia Langner Dr. Robert L. Means Ms. YvolUle Palmer Dr. Steven A. Romondo Mrs. JT Lawrence Jr. Mr. S. Charles Melton Mrs. Robert Pan'iot Ms. Julie Rose Ms. B.E. Layton Mrs. Shirley Meneice Ms. Joml e. Parrish Mr. D. Rosenberg Mr. v.B. Leach Ms. Rita N . Mercer Ms. Beauice A. Pask Mr. Wilbm K. Rosenkranz Mr. James Leadbetter Ms. J.L. Messmer Ms. J uclidl Patlick lvll-. and lvll·s. Joseph A. Rosendlal Ms.lreneJ. Lebby Ms. April MClyers Dr. Walter Patterson lvll-s. Donald P. Ross Mr. Hemi J. Leclerc Mr. Joseph Michalek Ms. Rose Peck Ms. Helen Ross Ms. Janis L. Lee Ms. Jean T Michels Ms. Barbara M . Pedersen Sandy Ross

THE AMERI C A N GA Mrs. Stephen A. Ross Ms. Mary S. Staley Mrs. A. Van Pelt Mr. and Mrs. H . Emerson Young Mr. John J. Rountree Ms. Sylvia Stanat M r. Mark A. Varnau Mr. H arold R. YOlUlg Dr. Dorothy Rowe Ms. Diane M. Stanley Mrs. Margarett M. Vernon Mrs. John R. Young Ms. Betty Rubin Mr. James Stansbury Ms. Becky Vickers Yuma City-County Library Mr. David Rubio Ms. Jealme Steber Ms. Angela Vikesland Ms. Valerie ]. Zazra Mr. Aubrey Rush Jr. Ms. Beverly C. Steele Ms. Emily Anne Viland Ms. Po lly T. Zevin Ms. Jane Russell Mr. Ronald Steen Mrs. Joan F. Vogel Miss E. D. Zielesch Mr. Cha.rles Ryan Ms. Rhoda Steere Mrs. Jolm L. Volk Mr. R.E. Zimmerma.n Sr. Johns Herb Garden, Inc;. Dr. Kad1ryn E. Stein Mr. Michael Volpe Ms. Judidl D. Zuk Mr. Keith Sangster Nir. Gerry V. Stephens Jr. Von Trapp Greenhouse Mr. A.M. Zwicky Ms. Judith Sapp Ms. Martha Roby Stephens Mrs. Jean F. Walgren Ms. Nancy F. Sauerberg Mr. Barry H. Sterling Ms. Joan Walker Matching Gift.J Ms. Carole Schafer Mr. Martin Stern Ms. Mary B. Walker These c01'jlorations matched- and Ms. Margueri te Schellentrager Mrs. Clair Stewart Ms. Julie C. Wang in some cases doubled 01" u'ipled­ Mr. and Mrs. V. Kenneth Schendel Evelyn R. Stewart Ms. Victolia M. Ward the conu'ibutions of thei1' employees. Ms. Emily M. Scheuer Ms. Roberta Stewart Ms. Debie Warkany Chase Manhattan Foundation Dr. Everett A. Schneider Dr. M.L. Stiff Mrs. Kadlleen Warner Citicorp Foundation Mrs. John Scholtz Jr. Mr. Laurence G. Still pass M.r. and Mrs. William D . Warters Exxon Corporation Mr. Ray Schreiner Mr. G.R. Stilwell Mr. and Mrs. William WaDnan Jolm D . and Cad1 erine T. Mr. T homas W. Schulte Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Stokely Mrs. Douglas Watson MacArthur Foundation Ms. L.L. Schulz Ms. Kadlleen P. Stolle Ms. Denise Weaver PPG Industries Foundation Mr. Paul Schulze Mr. Gary L. Stott Mr. and Mrs. Greg E. Wedding US WEST FOLUldation Ms. Sara C. Scudier Ms. Carolyn R. Stouffer Ms. Rebecca Weersing Ms. Martha S. Seaman Ms. H arri et M. Stout Mr. Edward Weidlein J r. In HOlWr Of Mrs. Sally Sears Mrs. Donald Straus Mr. Louis A. Weil III Ms. Dayne Moore Mrs. Genevieve Sedler Mrs. George Strawblidge Mrs. Judidl S. Weinberg Mark H . Goldberg Mr. Frank Seibert Ms. Frances Streett Dr. Charles F. Weiss Rob Dobrenski Mrs. Edwin A. Seipp Jr. Ms. Helen Stroyer Mr. and Mrs. G. H ans Weissemann Mr. Adrian Selby Mr. Thomas C. Succop Mr. Ollie Weitz Ms. Mary Reynolds Mr. James N . Semenick Ms. Irma Sullivan Ms. Juanita ]. Welsh Garden Club of Wayne wood Mr. Dudley Semmes Mrs. W.N . Sumerwell Ms. Kristin Willette Wengs Mary L. Sesso Ms. Mary Survill Mr. Jolm L. Werner In Menwry of Ms. Barbara Shapiro B.J. Suse Mr. Walter S. Westfall Joyce Barrit Mr. James G. Sb

ERICAN GARDENER N ovember/ Monroe "Chip" Whitton PORF Bellejacfor Do rothy McGahey Colleen Flannery Mrs. Gene Miller Gifts of $1,000 to $2,500 Annie McNeff Rich Gall oway Mrs. Walter M. Morga n Jr. Mrs. Benj amin W. T ho ron Joan Mi chel George L,\\\'rcnee Billie Trump Marry Moore Ka thy Lawrence PORF Patron B<.:tty Mosher Margo Reed Interll Support Gifts of $500 to $ 1,000 Deborall Odell Frances Rentz The following gave ge nel" ol. ~sly to Mr. Harry A. Rissetto, Esq . t'red Orrik Kad1ieen Schlocder mpport o~w Hm'ticulttt1'al InterN Joy Orrik Craig ShoJlcy PI'ogl'am, PORF Contributor'} Paige Peters Lisa Stevells ivlr. Kazu)'uki Abc Gifts of$250 to $500 Betty Petterson Lynn Stuart Alexandria Council of Garden Clubs Alexandria Council of Garden Clubs Tonda Phalen AI Suwa lsky Mr. Allan E. Bake r Mr."nd NlJ's, Willi am Clin kscales Juli e Pickard Greg T hompson Mrs. Elspeth G. Bobbs Mr. Paul Ec ke Jr. Wanda Ragland Jan T ho mpson Dr. John A. Burkholder Mr. and Nlrs. Ro b<.: rt Kulp Jr. John Ringer Jane Toal Ms. Eva G. Cathey Potomac H osta Cl ub Priscilla Sabarel li Brid get Traynor Nlrs. Malion O . Charles lvlr. and Mrs. Richard E. Snow Joan Skiscim Michael Tray nor Ms, Victori a Cordova TonySkiscim Kevin Walek Mrs. Tho mas Creswe ll PORF Donor,l Betty Small ey Mr. L'1rry Elder Gifts of$100 to $250 Li zSmidl In-Kind Support Mrs. J.W, Emling Ben & jerry's Ice Crea m Diana Vera Kurt Bluemel , Inc. Dr. John Alex Floyd Jr. NIr. and Mrs. William Beltz Mary Wagner Blu emo unt Nurseries, Inc. Mrs. John Gardner Mari on O. Charl es Jo'C Wal ke r Alastair Bolton, ASLA Ms. Nancy Gilbert John Conj c Lynn Winter Sunny Bord er Nurseri es, Inc. Mrs. Prudence D. Gilmore Nancy deL'1ski H eidi Woodrum Anne Bu cher Mrs. Norman H . Golding Ivlrs. Weaver vV. Dunnan Rev Wri ght Mrs. Childs Burden Mrs. Caroline A. G ula Frank and Becki Do natelli Bette Zaletcl Sarah S. Boasberg Mr. Sa muel M.V. H amilton Mrs. Robert L. Frackel ton Campbel l & Ferrara N urseries Mr. Leo W. Helenski Greystonc Products River Farm HortieuItlll'al Interns Chesapeake and Potomac llis Society Robin E. H olt Pa ul H enderson Erika H odgson Ruth Choi Dr. James B. H o rne Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Ko pp Brian Just Ro bert Cummings, Photographer Nlr. L.A. H ymo Betty Mosher Aplil Moore Deanne EversmC)'cr Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Klein Mr. and Mrs. John L. Pascur Eli zabedl P<.:tti t Fauquier and Loudoun Garden Club Mrs. William R, Loomis Bm Jarratt and Shelby Scarbrough Kadlryn Swaim The Franklin Nlim Foundation Mr. Edward A. Lozick Wynning Designs Ke lly Wilson ro r dle ArtS Mrs. Eli zabeth 1. McBraU1 ey Donna H ackman Ms. Joy A. McFarland Invaluable Support River Farm Library Volwlteers Mrs. John Heckler Mrs. Ro bert McLean I I [ Friends of River Fru.'m Ali ce Bagwill T. J. Hill Mr. Joseph Michalek Board Members Judy H anson Luciol1Jl e H olmberg Mr. and Mrs. Egon Molbak Wa nda Ragland, Chai rman Kltie Magraw William J. Huck Ms. Barbara C. Noll Judy Beyer Jam es and Barbara Jacob Mrs. R.H. Norweb Jr. Sandy Liddy Bourne Gardeners' Information Service Lawrence Martin Ms. Elaine R. Padovani Anne Bucher Volunteers Barbara McClendon Mrs. Eleanor D . Popper Ro bert Cummings Ro bert B a!S'\~ lI JVlJ·s. Robert McKinney Mi ss Pliscilla M. Porter Kadly Green Maria Cumming Joan Michel Ms. Ann L. Reed Do ug Jones Frances H iggins Momovia Ms. Sarah Richardson Kadleline Kopp William May Normern Virgin.ia Wholesalers Lee Rogers Stanley Krejci Neil Pelletier Ju.ieen Peacock Dr. Alfred J. Shulman Kathryn Menden.hall Henry Zoller Potomac Rose Society Mrs. Jeniter Sims H arry A. Rissetto Jack Quigley Ms. Nadine Smidl )0 Sell ers The Harding Garden Friends Red Hill Gard en Club Mr. O . Keidl Smith Jo hn T homas Niki Baker Rent-All Center Dr. Richard P. Smidl Va leri e T homas Jean Cox Mr. and Mrs. F. Turner Reuter Mr. Len W. Sorensen Dixi.e H o ugen Ri ver Oaks Plrult Ho use Ms. Betty Stacey River Farm Volunteers Joan Lern er Edidl Scharer Dr. Kad1J'yn E. Stein Carl a Amerau Milton Lerner Sherwood Gourmet Ms. Ellen Stortz Dan Bauer Jane Newman Nancy SweLl Ms. Amanda Topper Jane Bauer Denise Stelloh Jack Tlimpin, ASID Mrs. Enid N. Warner Bobbie Birra Robert Stello h Virgi nia Beverage Company Mr. and Mrs. William D. WaiTers Plo Bro ussard George Switzer Water vVays N ursery Mrs. Douglas Watson Anne Bucher Sue Switzer White's Nurse ry Mrs. G .S. Weaver Bonnie Campbell and Greenhouses, Inc. Mr. Rolla J. Wilhite, ASLA Toby Cedar National Capital Dahlia Society Mr. Silas Williams Jr. Joyce Clevenger H arry A. Rissetto We have made every effm't to Peg Dunniga n acknowledge aU g ifts 1'eceived by the Friendd ofRiver Farm, DO/wrJ Lee Fay National Capital Daylily Club Amel,'icat~ HOl'tiwitzll'at Society, The following gave gmero~~sly to Sally FoUey Volunteers Please bl'ing any shortcomings you the Friends ofRiver Farm (FORF), Anne Gentry Miriam Beeman find to the attention of the AHS which seeks to SUPP01't the goals of Anne Hambly Pat Bennett Development Office so that atlt' the Ame1'ican HOl,ticultul'al Helena Heise Paul Botting l'ecords can be c01Tected, Society and to j!1'otect the hist01'ical J uani ta Holst Lisette Brisebois significance ofRivel " FaI'1n white Bernice Huntsman Jerry Caldwell establishing it as a site fO l' Nancy Kincaid Suzanne Carl hortic11ltUl'at excellen ce, Andrew Lawrence J essie Cohen Barbara McClendon Kadli Ferguson

TH E AMERI C AN GA PEONIES A~fteT 130 BEAUTIFUL JAPANESE/ CHINESE TREE 9 PEONIES-\,\~de valiety of exotic plants available. Tee Catalog $2. SMIRNOW'S SON'S PEONIES, Years 'Vce 168 Maple Hill Road , Huntington, NY 11 743.

Still Defending PLANTS (UNUSUAL) NATIVE PLANTS-nursery-propagated and Antietam a look at current offerings grown in contain ers! Also hostas, water-lovi ng plants, and unusual perennials. Catalog $l. Creelko from the marketplace PINE RIDGE GARDENS, 832AG Sycamore Road, London, AR 72847-8767.

CLASSIFIED AD RATES : All classified adver­ ROSES tising must be pl'epaid. $2 per llJ01'd; minimum MANY NEW ROSE SELECTIONS for the comin g season. Over 700 va ri eties: new show $50 pel' insel'tion. Copy and pl'epayment must roses and ground covers; English and old garden be received on the 20th ofth e month three months roses; 6 thornless HT varieties; antique and clas­ pri01' to publication date. Send orders to: AHS sic roses by Beales; miniatures by Rennie; Ben Advertising Office, 4350 DiPaolo Centel'j Suite Williams roses; hardy Ottawa explorers; Manito­ B, Glenview, IL 60025, or call (847) 699-1707. ba Parkland varieties; alld our fabulous Pavement roses that are disease-free, low-maintenance types suitable for harsh prairie winters. A superb BEEKEEPING collection. Our fields are known to be virus-free. QUALITY BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT AND Orders shipped with our temperature-controlled SUPPLIES. Explore the miracle. Free catalog. truck to UPS depots in the USA fo r local disn'i­ BRUSHY MOUNTAIN BEE FARM, 1-800- bution. Catalog $3. Please submit retail orders BEESWAX (233-7929). by fax at (905) 689-6566, or ca ll in on (905) 689-9323. HORTICO INC., 723 Robson BOOKS Road, Waterdown, Ontario LOR 2H1. Tel: (905 ) 689-6984 or 689-3002. eptembe r 17, 1862 was the bloodiest day in American hi s[Q­ Hortica: Color Cyclopedia of Garden Flora § ry. M the Civil War banle of with H ardiness Zones and Indoor Plants, Amiemm, more than 23,000 Union 8,100 color pho[Qs by Dr. A. B. Graf, $238. and ConfederHe soldiers fell. A great Tropica 4: 7,000 color pho[Qs of plams and sycamore tree smnding H Burnsid e trees for warm environments, $165. When putting out a Bridge is the so ldiving wimess [Q Exotic House Plants: 1,200 photos, 150 in thH day. Bm now the land is threat- color, with keys to care, $8.95. campfire, drown the fire, l~ ened by developmem and Shipping additional. Cintllan gladly smt. ~t. could be lost forever. With ROEHRS CO., Box 125, East Rutherford, NJ stir it, and drown it again. yo ur he lp, the places in our ie~ 07073. (201 ) 939-0090. FAX: (201 ) 939-0091. hi s[Qry -Harper's Ferry, ~ Manassas, Vicksburg, Ball 's ~..., ,": Bluff and many others - GARDEN AIDS BEE BALM BEESWAX LOTION-for working ~-.-.\. w; 1l b, p"",",d '~~~'-'.i 0- You ca n plam hands, troubled hands. No artifi cial additives. !~r '\; '. , yo ur own tree Beeswax heals and protects. Free catalog. BEE ._;.... • from a Civil War BALM, Box 71K, Arlee, MT 59821. " c,mp/,,;;;", site, the direct off- Ph"" jug Kj,. spring of trees that s[Qod HOUSE PLANTS during the banles. Each [fee pur­ ORCHIDS, GESNERIADS, BEGONIAS, CAC­ chased will help The Civil War Trust, TI AND SUCCULENTS. Visitors welcome. a nonpro fit organi za ti on s[fi vi ng [Q 1996-1997 ca talog, $2. LAURAY OF SALIS­ preserve these consecrated sites. BURY, 432 Undermountain Road, Salisbury, CT Give a gift [Q yourself or [Q anoth­ 06068,(860)435-2263. er by purchasing a hi s[Q ric Civil War tree. Acknowledge the va lue of the lessons of hi s[Q ry and help win the ba[[le [Q save hi s[Q ri c [feasures.

To receive a cu rrem Tree., Sb,...... Dept. AG Catalol_1! $l. OO [fee selection catalog write: -~a P..... I... Pen Argyl, PA 18on-9670 (.. f •••• bl.) Tel: 610 0 588 0 1037 Answers to Botanical Quiz on page 6 F ,lA/OUS & HISTORIC TREES, Vivusity Itot .Yltfversity~ 8555 Plu mmer Road, 1. breadfruit; 2. grass (Genesis 1:11); Jacksonvill e, Florida 322 19 For Serious Gardeners 3. chrysanthemum; 4. poppy; 5. kiwi; or ca ll 1-800-677-0727. 6. Johnny Appleseed; 7. banana re­ Native and Exotic Plants publics; 8. beanbag chair; 9. grapeshot; Ferns, trees, shrubs, palms, perennials, vines, yuccas, grasses. Many hardy northward. 10. illy-livered; 11. peas; 12. War of the Catalog of more than 1,000 plants: $2.00 Roses; 13. grass widow; 14. shoe trees; Woodlanders, Inc. 15. upset the applecart. 1128 Colleton Ave. Aiken, SC 2980 1

64 THE AMERICAN GARDENER Novembel' /December 199 7 Hexastylis shuttlelV01,thii Theobroma cacao hcx- uh -STY-lis thee-o-BRO-muh kuh-KAY-o shut-uhl-WORTH -ee-eye Tibouchina urvilleana jat1'opha integerrima tih-boo-KY-nuh JAT-ro-fllh in -teh-JER-ih -muh ur-vil -Iee-AN-uh Kaempferia Toxicodendron ve1'nix kemp-FAIR-ee- uh tok-sih-ko-DEN-dron VUR-nix Neph1'0lepis Y-vtcca aloifolia neh-FRO-Iep-is YUK-uh ay- Io-ih -FO-Iee-uh Osmanth-vts fragrans Y baccata oz- MAN-dlUSS FRAY-granz y. buh-KAY-tuh Pogonia ophioglossoides Yfaxoniana po-GO-nee-uh y. fak-son-ee-AN-uh o-fce -o-gloss-ec-OY-deez Y jilame1rttosa Polygonatum falcat-vtr/rt y. fil -uh -men-TOH-suh pah-lih-GO-nay-tum Yjlaccida fal -KAY-tum Y. FLAS-sih-duh Polypodi-vtm polypodioides Y harrimaniae pawl-ce-PO-dcc-um Y. har-ih -MAN-ee-ee pawl -ec-po-dee-OY-deez Ypallida a simple speaking guide to P011J,ga1uia pinnata y. PAL-lih-duh pon-GAB -mee-uh pin-NAY-tuh Y 1,ecu1,vifolia plants found in this issue Pontederia c01,data Y. rek-ur-vih -FO-Iee- uh pon-tuh-DEER-ee-uh kor-DAH-tuh Y l'upicola Rhododendron canescens y. roo-PIH-ko-Iuh Adiant-vtm pedat-vtm ro-doh-DEN-dron kuh-NES-senz Y schidigera ad-dee-AN-tum peh-DAY-tum Sang-vtinaria canadensis y. ski-DIJ-ur-uh Allium cristophii san-gwi-NAIR-cc-uh Y schotti AL-ee-um kris-TOF-ee-eye kan-uh -DEN-siss y. SHOT-ee-eye Asclepias curassavica Sa1'racenia pU1rpurea Y tor1reyi as-Iinflorescence (spadL'\:) enveloped by a motded, hoodlike spadle that helps in ­ eh-pill-DEN-drum sulate dle flowers from cold air. The blight green basal leaves emerge shortly after in ih-bag-yew-EN-see tight coils, l.mfiu-ling slowly around the spame up to two feet lugh. Pollinators in­ Galax urceolata clude both honeybees and numerous kinds of flies ; dle latter are apparendy attracted GAY-Iaks er-see-o-LAY-tuh by dle putrid odor given off by dle plant. After pollination, dle spadix becomes a Hedychium coronarium compOLmd fruit, releasing marble-size fruits as it blackens and decomposes. heh-DEE-kee-um Aldlough dle leaves contain calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause irritation of kor-o-NAIR-ee-um dle moudl and dlroat, Native Americans used tlle dried leaves as a pot herb and Helianthus debilis ground dle rluzomes into a flour. According to John Eastman in Ius book Swamp hee-Iee-AN-d1Us DEB-ih-liss and Bog: Tncs, Shlrubs, alrtd Wildjlowers ofEastel'n FreshlVatCI' Wetlands, early Ameri­ Heptacodium miconioides can physicians used dle rhizomes as an antispasmodic to treat epilepsy and asdlma, hep-tuh-KO-dee-um and dle leaves as a poultice for skin irritations_ my-kon-ee-OY-deez

NOJlember/ Dece1uber 199 7 THE AMERICAN GARDENER 65 Epp, Sara, "Gossler Farms Nursery: Mag­ J uly/Aug ., 46. "Cruisin' on Crisco," nolias and More," Mar./ Apr., 10. July/Aug., 47. "An Island Sal1Culary," July/Aug., 8. Martin, Tovah, Review: A Book of Salvias) Fisher, Kathleen, "AHS-Inspired GaI'­ May/ Jlme,51. dens," Mar.jApr., 14. "Dams to Be Marx, Linda, "A Sensuous Delight," Praised," MaI·.jApr., 35. "The Gifted Nov.jDec., 32. Mr. Galle," Nov.jDec., 26. "Learning McDonald, Nancy, "A Place in History," fi'om Others' Mistakes," May/JLme, July/Aug., 41. "The Exuberant Pil ­ AUTHOR 58. "Limahuli Garden," July/Aug., 39. grim," Sept./Oct., 46. Bellucci, Lucille, "Summer on a Dime," Foster, Steven, "Echinacea: Notlling to McGlade, Dennis c., "What Noah Didn't July/Aug., 7. Sneeze At," Jan./Feb., 24. "Sleep-In­ Know," Mar./Apr., 30. Bennett, James P., Reviews: A Gardenelr>s ducing H erbs," Sept./Oct., 20. McKeag, Michael, "All Wet," Encyclopedia of Wildflowm: An Or­ Fowler, Harriet, Review: Gardening with Mar./Apr., 36. ganic G~tide to Choosing and G7rowing Nature) Nov.jDec., 51. Norden, Beth B., Reviews: The FO'i';gotten Ovel' 150 Bea~ttiful WildflOJvers) Glattstein, Judy, "My American Cousin," Pollinators and The Natural History Sept./Oct. , 56. Plants) People) and May/ June,44. ofPollination ) Jall .jFeb., 53. Culture: The Science ofEthnobotan)~ Goodwin, Nancy, Review: Natulralizing Norris, Richard E., Review: Native Texas Mar.jApr., 52. Bulbs) July/ Aug., 55. Galrdens> Nov./Dec., 50. Bernstein, Jane, "A Farm-Fresh Enter­ Guest, Margery, "Birdbrains," Mar.jApr ., Price, Susan Davis, "Booming Bloom­ prise," Sept.jOct., 24. 7. "Coming to Grips Witll GaI'lic Mus­ ing," May/June, 22. Blanchard, Chris, Reviews: H eirloom Veg­ tard," May/June, 20. Rombough, Lon J:, "Going Coconuts," etable Gardening and TaylO1r>s Guide Haapoja, Margaret A., "Remodeling the July/Aug., 10. to Heirloom Vegetables) July/ Aug., 52. Mum," Sept.jOct., 27. Sawyers, Claire, Review: Perennial Brown, Catherine M., "In the Wilds of Hart, Kerry, "Beau Beau's Next Gig," Ground Copers) Sept./Oct., 54. Brooklyn," Jan./Feb., 15. Nov./Dec., 20. "Mally Moore Years," Stamper, Anita, "Garden Epiphany," Brown, Roger T., Proven Performers: May/ June, 36. "The 'New Kids,'" Sept./Oct., 14. "Succulents," Jan./Feb., 34. May/June, 38. "Thoroughly Modern Steigman, Carolyn, "Mall Versus Mosqui­ Butterman, Steve, "The Young and the Williams," May/June, 32. to," May/ Jwle, 24. Rotless," Nov./Dec., 7. Hayman, Michael, Review: Hollies: The Stein, Sara, "Ell en's Lot," Jan.jFeb., 45. Cass, Janet, "Gardening Goes to tlle Genus Ilex) Sept.jOct., 53. "Just Add Water," Mar./Apr., 18 . Dogs," July/Aug., 60. Heilenman, Diane, Review: Herbaceous Taaffe, Gerald, "Rugged Little Rhodies," Cathey, H. Marc, "Announcing the AHS Pennnial PlantJ~ Second Edition) May/ June, 39. Plant Heat-Zone Map," Sept./Oct., 30. Nov./Dec., 49. Thomas, R. William, Review: Plants That Craig, Christie, "Learning, Counu'y Hemenway, Toby, "Gardening Through Merit Attention) Volume II: Shntbs) Style," Nov./Dec., 12. tlle Keyhole," Jan./Feb., 22. Mar./Apr., 51. Crotz, Keith, Review: Travels and Other Heriteau, Jacqueline, Review: Water Gal'­ Thornton, Linda, "Old as tlle Hills, Writings) Jan.jFeb., 56. dening) Jan.jFeb., 54. Tough as a Boot," May/June, 26. Dardick, Karen L., "Descanso Plans Reju­ Hill, Bob, "Mall of Many Woods," Tucker, Arthur 0., Review: Passion Flow­ venation of Camellia Forest," Sept./Oct., 38. ers) May/June, 52. May/June, 60. Houk, Rose, "The Arboretum at Vickerman, Larry G., and James H. Lock­ Dege, Barbara, "High on Roses," FlagstatT," July/Aug., 34. lear, "Dalea Wake- Up Call," July/Aug., 16. Howell, Michelle, "Kudzu Surrender," July/Aug., 28. Druse, Ken, "A Winner's Wi nners," May/ J une, 17. Wasowski, Andy, "The Building Enve­ Sept./Oct., 37. Huck, Terri J., "Beau Beau's Garden," lope," Jan./FeID., 26. Eastman, John, Review: Shake Them Nov.jDec., 24. Weinberg, Ruby, "Botal1izing the Cal1a­ >Simmons DOHJn) Mar./Apr., 54. Humphrey, Don, Review: The Serious Gar­ diall Rockies," July/Aug., 18. Easton, Valerie, "The 1997 Annual Book dener: Rock Gardens) July/Aug., 53. Yatskievych, George, Review: Easy CaTe Awards," Sept./Oct., 13. Irish, Gary and Mary, "Yuccas'!! ," Native Plants) Mar./Apr., 53. Ellis, David J., "Here Come tlle Tropi­ Nov./Dec., 14. cals," Nov.jDec., 8. "Lichens: Wood­ Johnson, Stephen R., "Eight-Legged SUBJECT land Watchdogs," Jan./Feb., 18. Hunters," Sept./Oct., 22. "Passion­ Arizona: "The Arboreuun at Flagstaff," "New Weapons in Fight Against ate Companions," Mar./Apr., 17. July/Aug., 34. Gypsy MOtll," Mar./Apr. , 12. "Pil­ Kleine, Adele, "A River Runs Through Asian Plants: "My AmeriCall Cousin," grimage to Cranberry Bog," It," Mar.jApr., 26. May/June,44. Nov./Dec., 10. "Prairie Moon Nurs­ Little, Tom Tadfor, Proven Performers: Birds: "Birdbrains," Mar./Apr. , 7. ery," Sept./Oct., 18. Review: Tho ­ "Arilbred Irises," Jan./Feb., 40. Bogs: "Pilgrimage to Cranberry Bog," nau>s Garden) May/June, 53. Locklear, James H., and Larry G. Vicker­ Nov./Dec., 10. "Richters: Herbal Haven," Jan./Feb., man, "Dalea Wake-Up Call," Book Reviews: A Book of Salvias) 21. "Serpentine Barrens," July/Aug. , July/Aug., 28. May/ June, 51. Easy CaTe Native 12. "Siskiyou: Rarities for the Rock Loewer, Peter, Review: Moss Gardening: Plants> Mar./Apr., 53. The F01';gotten Garden," July/Aug., 14. "Tripple Including Lichens) Liverw01rts) and Pollinators) Jall ./Feb., 53. The Gar­ Brook Fann," May/June, 18. "Un­ Other Miniatures) July/Aug., 53. den Tourist: 1998> Nov.jDec., 53. A likely Havens," Sept./Oct., 16. Lubke, Rob, "Coffee-Shop Crop," Gardener>s Encyclopedia of Wildflow-

66 THE AMERICAN GARDENER November/December 199 7 ers, Sept/Oct., 56. Gardening with Galle, Fred: "The Gifted Mr. Galle," Brook Farm," May /JW1e, 18. Nature, Nov/Dec., 51. Heirloom Nov/Dec., 26. Maine: "Paris Will Still Be Beautiful in Vegetable Gardening, July/Aug., 52. Gardeners'lnformation Service: Ameri­ the Springtime ... ," July/Aug., 61. Herbaceous Perennial Plants, Second can boxwoods, Sept./Oct., 17. Amer­ Massachusetts: "Polly Hill Farm Pur­ Edition, Nov/Dec., 49. Hollies: The ican persimmon, Nov/Dec., 11. chased," Nov./Dec., 56. Genus flex, Sept/Oct., 53. Moss Gar­ Aquilegia, July/Aug., 9. Artichokes, Medicinal Plants: "Echinacea: Nothing to dening, July/Aug., 53. Native Texas May/JW1e, 19. Blue laceflower, Sneeze At," Jan./Feb., 24. "Sleep-In­ Gardens, Nov/Dec., 50. The Natur­ Jan./Feb., 17. Cashews,July/Aug., ducing Herbs," Sept/Oct., 20. al History ofPollination, Jan./Feb., 9. Chalice vine, Nov/Dec., 11. Chi­ Minnesota: "Booming Blooming," 53. Naturalizing Bulbs, July/Aug., nese empress tree, May/JW1e, 19. May/JW1e,22. 55. PassionFlowers, May/JW1e, 52. Hellebores, Jan./Feb., 17. Importing Missouri: "Back to the Victorian Era," Perennial Ground Covers, Sept/Oct., plants, July/Aug., 9. Low-allergy gar­ Nov/Dec., 57. 54. Plants, People, and Culture: The dens, Jan./Feb., 17. Native plant re­ Mitchell, Henry: "The Exuberant Pil­ Science ofEthnobotany, Mar./ Apr., 52. sources, Sept./Oct., 17. Papayas, grim," Sept./Oct., 46. Plants That Merit Attention, Volume Mar./Apr., 9. Ruchetta, May/JW1e, New York: "Haupt Conservatory Re­ II: Shrubs, Mar./Apr., 51. Real Gar­ 19. Tree symbolism, Jan./Feb., 17. opens in New York," Mar/Apr., 58. deners' True Confessions, May /JW1e, Tree tomato, May/JW1e, 19. Urban "In the Wilds of Brooklyn," 55. The Serious Gardener: Rock Gar­ tree choices, Mar/Apr., 9. USDA Jan./Feb.,15. dens, July/Aug., 53. Shake Them hardiness map, May/JW1e, 19. Water Ohio: "Pilgrimage to Cranberry Bog," 'Simmons Down, Mar/Apr., 54. Tay­ lettuce, Mar/Apr., 9 . Wonderberry, Nov./Dec., 10. lor's Guide to Heirloom Vegetables, Nov/Dec., 11. Woodpecker damage Passionflowers: "Passionate Compan­ July/Aug., 52. Thoreau's Garden, to tree, Sept./Oct., 17. ions," Mar./Apr., 17. May/J W1e, 53. Travels and Other Government Land: "Unlikely Havens," Pesticides: "Kinder Killers," Mar/Apr., 47. Writings, Jan./Feb., 56. Water Gar­ Sept./Oct., 16. Photography: "A Winner's Winners," dening, Jan./Feb., 54. Weeds ofthe Hawaii: "Limahuli Garden," Nov/Dec., 37. Northeast, Sept./Oct., 57. July/Aug., 39. Recycling: "Plastic Pileups," July/Aug., Building Envelope: "The Building Enve­ Heat Map: "AnnOW1Cing the AHS Plant 48. "Recycled Garden Products," lope," Jan./Feb., 26. Heat-Zone Map," Sept/Oct., 30. July/Aug., 50. California: "Descanso Plans Rejuvenation Insects: "Eight-Legged Hunters," Rhododendrons: "Rugged Little of Camellia Forest," May/JW1e, 60. Sept./Oct., 22. "Man Versus Mosqui­ Rhodies," May/JW1e, 39. Canadian Rockies: "Botanizing the Cana­ to," May /JW1e, 24. "New Weapons Roses: "High on Roses," July/Aug., 16. dian Rockies," July/Aug., 18. in Fight Against Gypsy Moth," "Many Moore Years," May/JW1e, 36. Cathey, H. Marc: "Beau Beau's Next Mar/Apr., 12. "Passionate Compan­ "The 'New Kids,'" May/JW1e, 38. Gig," Nov./Dec., 20. ions," Mar/Apr., 17. "Old as the Hills, Tough as a Boot," Children and Gardening: "AHS-Inspired Invasive Plants: "Coming to Grips with May/JW1e, 26. "Thoroughly Modern Gardens," Mar/Apr., 14. "Garden Garlic Mustard," May/JW1e, 20. Williams," May/JW1e, 32. Epiphany," Sept./Oct., 14. "An Is­ "Evil 'Apple' Moves North," Serpentine Barrens: "Serpentine Bar­ land Sanctuary," July/Aug., 8. Nov/Dec., 57. "Kudzu Surrender," rens," July/Aug., 12. "Learning, COW1try Style," May/JW1e, 17. "Tightening Up on 75th Anniversary (AHS): "The 1997 An­ Nov/Dec., 12. Loosestrife," Jan./Feb., 61. nual Book Awards," Sept/Oct., 13. Chinese-Style Garden: "A Sensuous De­ Irises: Proven Performers: "Arilbred Iris­ "A Nationwide Celebration," light," Nov/Dec., 32. es," Jan./Feb., 40. Jan./Feb., 7. "75 Great American Chrysanthemums: "Remodeling the Kentucky: "Maine Researcher Hired for Garden Books," Sept/Oct., 6. "75 Mum," Sept/Oct., 27. Bernheim," Nov/Dec., 57. Great Plants for American Gardens," Coir Dust: "Going Coconuts," Keyhole Gardening: "Gardening May/June, 6. July/Aug., 10. Through the Keyhole," Jan./Feb., 22. Succulents: Proven Performers: "Succu­ Community Gardening: "A Farm-Fresh Landscaping: "The Building Envelope," lents," Jan./Feb., 34. Enterprise," Sept./Oct., 24. "New Jan./Feb., 26. "Dams to Be Praised," Trees: "Learning from Others' Mistakes," York Community Gardens Threat­ Mar/Apr., 35 . "Ellen's Lot," May/JW1e, 58 . "Tree Lilac Hon­ ened," July/Aug., 61. "Working To­ Jan./Feb., 45. "A Place in History," ored," May/JW1e, 61. gether to Save a Community July/Aug., 41. "Summer on a Dime," Virginia: "Lewis Ginter Ground Break­ Garden," Jan./Feb., 60. July/Aug., 7. "What Noah Didn't ing," July/Aug., 59. Composting: "Municipal Composters Know," Mar/Apr., 30. Venus's-Flytrap: "A Better Flytrap," Log Successes," July/Aug., 48. Lichens: "Lichens: Woodland Watch­ Jan./Feb.,61. Daleas: "Dalea Wake-Up Call," dogs," Jan./Feb., 18. Washington, D.C.: "Hillwood Closing for July/Aug., 28. Mail-Order Nurseries: "Gossler Farms 18 Months," Nov./Dec., 56. "U.S. Dirr, Michael: "Man of Many Woods," Nursery: Magnolias and More," Botanic Garden Closing for Renova­ Sept/Oct., 38. Mar./Apr., 10. "Here Come the tions'" Sept./Oct., 61. Dogs and Gardening: "Gardening Goes Tropicals," Nov/Dec., 8. "Prairie Water Gardening: "All Wet," Mar/Apr., 36. to the Dogs," July/Aug., 60. Moon Nursery," Sept./Oct., 18. Wetlands: "A River RW1s Through It," Drainage: "Dams to Be Praised," "Richters: Herbal Haven," Jan./Feb., Mar./Apr., 26. "Just Add Water," Mar./Apr., 35. "What Noah Didn't 21. "Siskiyou: Rarities for the Rock Mar/Apr., 18. Know," Mar/Apr., 30. Garden," July/Aug., 14. "Tripple Yuccas: "Yuccas!!!," Nov./Dec., 14.

November / December 1997 THE AMERICAN GARDENER 67 • WHY DO LEADERS CALL IT "GREATEST Of BEST STUFF Of PRODUCT in the WORLD?" ~::f,:~

Absolutely Otherwise SILLlONS-PROVENlXTRA-L/FE-MAKER IMPOSSIBLES $fJP1Rih~i~;1 MADE EASY 17 of typical worldwide by World #1 Plant Supply massive" im possi bi I iti es" 1800 SALVAGED OLD TREES: "NONE SICK OR DEAD" SUPERthrive™ unique extra life:-TRANSPLANTING, MAINTENANCE, SALVAGING. " IMPOSSIBLES" MADE EASY. 1,800 60 to 75 year-old trees dug from grounds of 20th Century Fox Studios, stock-piled in weather for 2 years, replanted along streets of Century City. Landscape architect and contractor reported "not one sick or dead tree at any time." Only SUPERthrive™ could have done this-or even approached it.

OlSl\tiyt;AND ...... 400 HUGE SPECIMEN TREES LONI)ON BRIDGE ...... 17 DRUMS PRE-PLANTED A DUG IN HOT, DRY SOUTHERN WHOLE DESERT CITY, ZERO CALIFORNIA SUMMER. ZERO LOSS, SPRING AND SUMMER, LOSS. Disneyland.® (Enabled open­ AFTER FAILURE IN WINTER. ing a year earlier). "Disneyland and Disney Havasu City, Arizona. World are registered trade marks of The Walt Disney Co. • ZERO LOSS IN 3000·ACRE PROJECT FOR USDA, VERSUS 3% SURVIVAL: NEXT BEST. - California Polytechnic State University. • PLANTED 10,000 TREES, Seattle World's Fair, WITH ZERO LOSS. • SAVED ALL OF HUGE SHIPMENT OF PALMS FROM FLORIDA TO 48 Taiwan GOLF COURSES. LOSE OVER HALF WITHOUT. • PUSHES BACK DESERTS, LANDSCAPES SHEIKS ' PALACES, Saudi Arabia. • PLANTED OVER 600,000 BARE·ROOT ROSES, 16 YEARS, LOSS FEWER THAN 1 IN 1,000, Albuquerque, New Mexico. • SAVED ALL TREES TRANSPLANTED by U.S. Corps Of Engineers, FOR CAMOUFLAGE, WORLD WAR II. • TWO WEEKS DIFFERENCE IN HYDROMULCHED GRASS STAND, ALONG FREEWAY BANK FOR EROSION CONTROL. - Maryland. • SAVED ALL CELERY TRANSPLANTED IN 17 LARGE HOUSES, before and after one without, IN WHICH ALL LOST. - California . • 1200 TREES WTIH 4" CALIPER TRUNKS BARE·ROOTED IN DESERT JUNE. NO LOSS. - Tucson, Arizona, City Parks Department. • BIGGEST TRANSPORTATION OF LANDSCAPE MATERIALS, CALIFORNIA TO FLORIDA, TO PLANT Disney World .® NO LOSS. • KEPT ALL PALM SPRINGS DESERT GOLF COURSE'S GREENS PERFECT, SUMMER WHEN ALL OTHER tUUR~ES WITH BENT GRASS GREENS IN AREA LOST 6 TO 14 GREENS. • HIGHLY COST-EFFECTIVE EARLIER, INCREASED YIELD - ABOVE THE BEST - FROM SEED, TRANSPLANTING , DRIP IRRIGATION , SPRAYING YOUNG CROP PLANTS : Recent EXAMPLE: ONE GALLON ON DRIP RAISED 25 ACRES OF GRAPE TONNAGE 26%, SWEETER , LARGER - WHILE EACH NEARBY GROWER LOST HALF OF CROP TO SHATIERING STORMS. - California EXTRA INCHES .... SAVED GIANT CACTUS .... 38 .... TREE-SAVING TREES authorized moved " .. - ' " GROWTH ABOVE RECORD OF 112 CEN· FERTlLlZERS·ALONE. to desert botanic garden, TURY. California Poly· Reported planted all SEVEN MONTHLY USES. technic State University, "1.;;0.- ~ ." . famous and ''world's big· It ....b. .... Tucson, Arizona, Cal. Capitol, Cal Tech, U. City Parks. gest" Nevada hotels. of CaL, Cal. State U. ...Pushes back Africa desert