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CANADA

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

NATIONAL BOARD

FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31. 1960. 29 iH1

B b L 7. H L. E Gi,:NÉRAL NATIONAL PAROLE BOARD

OFFICE OF THE CHAI RMAN

To the Honourable E.D. Fulton, P.C., Q.C., M.P., Minister of Justice.

Sir, —

I have the honour to submit herewith the report of the National Parole Board, for the second year of operation, ending December 31st, 1960.

Respectfully submitted,

ois / day-,updi utnorationdocument does not otenaeu use belotig must be obtained fromto author the Crown b ,. biases droits eauteur ofu f e 1 à l'État fole4i document doltroute utilisationpresent du document Irappar T. G. Street, conte nu tienne être approuvée préalablement,orésent nt Chairman. par Pauteur. Crown• — does not belong to the , the author for marc "&7■IfIM e-nocument it z'' 1961' Proper aulhonzelon must be obtained from any mtended use document n'appartiennent du présent 1.es droits d'auteur du contenu du ptésent pas à YÉtat. •Toute utilisation it peeauteur. Pocdnent NATIONAL PAROLE BOARD OF CANADA

OFFICES:

375 WELLINGTON STREET, OTTAWA, CANADA

Chairman — T. George Street, Q.C.

Members — J. Alex Edmison, Q.C. — Edouard Dion, Q.C. — Frank P. Miller — Mary Louise Lynch

Secretary — Benoit Godbout, Q.C. TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

CHAPTER I — THE PAROLE BOARD Introduction 1 Definition and Purpose of Parole 1 Jurisdiction of the Board 1 Policy of the Board 1 Selection for Parole 1 Progress in 1960 2 _Activities of the Board Members 2

CHAPTER II — PAROLE STATISTICS Definition of Terms 3 General • 4 Board Decisions 4 Granted 5

CHAPTER III — RULES AND REGULATIONS Automatic Parole Review System 6 Federal Penitentiary Cases 6 Provincial Cases 6 Procedure 7

CHAPTER IV — TERMINATION OF PAROLE Suspension of Parole 8 Revocation and Forfeiture of Parole 8 Incidence of rate of Recidivism 10

CHAPTER V — THE NATIONAL PAROLE SERVICE Headquarters 11 The Field 11 Organization Chart 13

CHÀPTER VI — PAROLE AND THE PUBLIC Parole Supervision 14 Public Relations 14

APPENDIX — I — Parole Regulations 16 fl .--. II — 1960 Statistical Summary 18 ” - III — Decisions of the National Parole Board 1960 19 71 - IV — Decisions — by Institutions — Eastern Region 20 — V — Central Region - 21 If f) - VI — " Western Region 22 ff ..- VII — Paroles Granted by Provinces and Types of Institutions 23 1, - VIII — Indefinite Sentences 24 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)

Page

APPENDIX — IX — Length of Sentences and the Number of Paroles Granted in each Sentence — by Region 25 17 — X — Paroles Granted in Relation to Length of Sentence 27 — XI — Proportion of Sentence served when Paroled 28 »1 — XII — Life and/or Indeterminate Sentences 29 JI — XIII — General Statistical Information — With Respect to Parole and Parole Violation 1960 30 ), — XIV — Forfeitures and Revocations 31 - XV Comparative Data on Cases of Revocation and/or Forfeiture 32 JJ - XVI - Incidence of Recidivism of Persons Released on Parole 1950-1955 & 1950-1960 34 —XVII — Data on Release and Supervision 1957- 1958 -1959-1960 35

iv CHAPTER. I

THE PAROLE BOARD

Introduction The second year of the operation of. the Parole Board was busy and successful'. 7,240 cases were considered and 2,459 paroles were granted, as well as 66 graduâl ieleases before expiry of sentence. The failure rate was 7.7% in 1960, compared to 5.7% in 1959. In two years, 4,497 paroles were granted, and the average failure rate was 6.7%, related to the number, of paroles .granted. This exceptionally low failure rate might reasonably be expected to increase because of the substantial increase in the paroles being granted, but it is very encouraging so far. The difficulties of the first year relating to the organization of the new parole system, office accommodation and shortage of staff, were largely overcome. As a result, investigations were completed earlier and the paroles granted this year were of longer duration.

Definition and Purpode of Parole • Parole is a procedure by which an inmate who gives definite indication of reform, may be released from prison before the expiration of his sentence, so that he may serve the balance of his sentence at large in society, but under supervision and subject to appropriate restrictions designed for his welfare, and to ensure that he will lead-a law-abiding life. Its purpose is to aid in the reformation and rehabilita- tion of the offender having due regard, of course, for the protection of the public.

Jurisdiction of the Board The Board may grant parole to any inmate of a federal or provincial prison, who has been sentenced for an offence under an Act of , if the Board considers the inmate has derived the maximum benefit from imprisonment and that his reform and rehabilitation will be aided by it. It may grant parole subject to any terms or conditions it considers desirable, and provide for the guidance and super- vision of parolees, and also revoke parole in its discretion. It may also revoke or suspend any sentence of whipping or any order under the Criminal Code prohibiting a person from .operating a motor vehicle.

Palicy of the Board The Board does not believe in leniency or in pampering inmates, but only in giving them another chance if they seem to deserve it. It is objective and flexible, but also realistic and businesslike, and believes that the true purpose of punishment, is the reform of the offender as far as possible.

Selection for Parole The main test for parole is whether or not the applicant seems to have changed his attitude and sincerely intends to reform. This is a matter of judgment based on a complete study of the various reports received on each individual. The Board considers the type of offence, personal history, previous criminal record, personality and mentality, conduct, industry, behaviour, attitude and progress in the institution

1 inCluding response to treatment and training program if any; whether he has matured and achieved insight into his problem, family and marital circumstances, possible community assistance including employment, proposed parole program, the general impressions, assessments and recommendations received and type of supervision available. • Progress in 1960 The following significant changes were made in the system: (a) parole regulations were passed providing for a more systematic review of cases; (b) the automatic parole review system, as described in Chapter III, was. completed; and Methods Branch of the (c ) a survey was conducted by the Organization Civil Service Commission. hlany of the recommendations in this report were adopted and others are still under advisement; (d) a Handbook on Parole was completed and distributed to all institutions for the use of inmates; (e) arrangements were made for mutual notification between the United States and Canada, with respect to parolees released in either country; (f) arrangements were completed for modifying or removing restrictions on persons on parole for a long time and who are completely rehabilitated; (g) a more efficient submission form and decision form were adopted; (h) better liaison with the Board of Parole was arranged, to avoid unnécessary duplication in the investigation of cases with which both boards are concerned; (i) arrangements were made for granting parole in certain deserving cases, to facilitate the payment of a fine.

Activities of the Board Members During 1960 there were 39 television and radio interviews, as well as numerous magazine articles, editorials and press releases. Board Members had 34 talks with prison inmate committees, and made fifty speeches to Magistrates' Associations, after-care agencies, university students, service clubs and general public meetings across Canada. • All Federal and most Provincial prisons in Canada were visited by Members of the Board. They met prison officials, provincial authorities, after-care agency representatives, Judges, Magistrates, police, regional officers and correctional workers. Representatives attended the Second United Nations Conference on• the Prevention of Crime and Treatment of Offenders in England; the International Crimino- logical -Conference in Holland; the American Congress of Corrections and other conferences on crime prevention and parole. Studies were made of the British, Swedish and Danish Penal systems, and the parole system in the State of Maine.

2 CHAPTER II PAROLE STATISTICS

The following is an .explanation of the statistics and definition of terms contained in this report. These statistics and research studies were produced by the staff of the Board, but in future the Judicial Section of the Dominion Bureau of Statistics will collect and record them. They will make a complete study, as sbon as possible, of all cases dealt with by the Board. The basic information will be éx- t racted from each case, in order to provide for more extensive knowledge, data and research, and to assist in parole prediction studies.

Definition of Terms Parole Denied: The application for parole is refused and no further review of the case is contemplated. Parole Deferred: The application for parole is refused at the present time, but is to be reviewed at a future date, either because it is considered worthy, or is required by. the regulations. Parole Granted: This refers to an ordinary grant of parole, other than a short parole, or one for deportation, or one with a gradual release. Parole for Deportation: Where the applicant is being deported and includes voluntary departure from the country. Supervision is not arranged in these cases. Short Parole: Usually for less than 30 days, to assist in the rehabilitation of the inmate by obtaining steady employment. Supervision is usually not arranged, because it is either not necessary or possible. Parole for Gradual: Is the authority given to a custodian to authorize an inmate to leave the institution, with or without escort, for short periods towards the end of his sentence, to assist in his readjustment to life in the community. Parole with Gradual: Means *here gradual release is authorized, preceding an ordinary parole. Parole Cancelled: Is when the order authorizing a release on parole is can- celled before it has been executed, for such reason as a report of delinquent behaviour. Parole Modifi ed: Where the terms or conditions of a Parole Certificate are changed after parole has been granted. Parole Reduced: All terms and conditions are removed, exceirt that a parolee is still liable to forfeiture upon commission of an indictable offence. It is usually only given to those on parole for life. Parole Suspended: Refers only to cases where the suspension is ordered by the Board, rather than by a Regional Representative. Parole Continued: Means the Board orders the continuance of a parole which has been suspended. Parole Reinstated: A parole forfeited automatically is reinstated, such as when the offence is not serious and the court declined to sentence the parolee to prison. Eastern Region: Includes the Atlantic Provinces and . 3 Central Region: Constitutes the Province of Ontario. Western fiegion: Is the western provinces. General Appendix H is a statistical summary of the cases considered, paroles granted and parole failures, etc. during the years 1958, 1959 and 1960. It clearly indicates a continuous, and substantial increase in the volume of work. The Board dealt with 7,240 cases in 1960, an increase of 41% over 1959, and the correspondence in and out in.- creased 52% from 168. , 567 in 1959, to 256,892 in 1960. This summary distinguishes between "parole denied" and "parole deferred" and between such cases reviewed automatically in compliance with the Regulations, and those in which applications had been receiveçi. It also indicates the paroles granted to federal penitentiaries and to provincial gaols.

Board Decisions

In 1960, thé Board rendered decisions in 7,240 cases, of , Which 6,660 were with respect to applications for parole. The other dècisinns were with respect to gradual releases, parole revocations or forfeitures; and requests to modify or reduce the conditions of, parole. The following shows the total number of decisions and the proportion of paroles granted, deferred and denied. • - ' ' 2459 7- 36.91% Parole granted * 607 :7- 9.11% !' " deferred 3594 – 53.98% " denied 6660 –„. 100% BOARD DECISIONS (* this does not include 66 gradual release temporary paroles.) ; In 1959 parole was granted in 42% of the -applications, as compared to 37% in 1960. This difference does not represent any change of policy; but is beeausé of the larger number of cases considered, especially those by automatic review. The following tables show the number and proportion of cases; `and paroles denied and granted, in. the three regions during 1959 and 1960. —

Total Cases Considered Prop ortion.H 1959 1960 1959 , 1960 Eastern 2060 - 2661 - 43% 40% Central 1597 2260 32% 34% Western 1171 1739 25% 26% 4828 6660 100% 100%

Paroles Denied or Deferred Paroles Granted 1959 1960 1959 1960 Eastern ' 993-48% 1513.-57% 1067-52% 1148-43% Central 1111 - 70% 1563-69% 486-30% 697-31% Western 686-58% 1125-65% 485-42% 614-35% 2790 4201 2038 2459

Appendices III, IV, V and VI, show the Board decisions in the various regions and institutions. 4 Paroles Granted 2,459 paroles were granted in 1960, compared to 2,038 in 1959, and 994 in 1958, an increase of 20% and 147% respectively, over these two years. The following table shows the paroles granted in the respective regions during these three years, together with the percentage of increase:

Paroles Granted in Increase in 1960 with respect to

1960 1959 1958 1959 1958 Eastern 1,148 1,067 588 7% 95% Central 697 486 199 43.41% 250.25% Western 614 485 207 26.59% 197% Canada 2,459 2,038 994 20.65% 147.38% Appendix VII shows the number of paroles granted in the federal penitentiaries and the various provincial prisons. Appendix VIII shows the number of paroles with respect to indefinite sentences, and those given to female inmates. Appendix IX is 'a study of 2,142 parole cases, showing the lengths of sen- tences involved and the number of paroles granted in each sentence, in the various regions. Appendix X shows the proportion of paroles granted in relation to the length of sentence for the years 1949, 1953, 1957, 1959 and 1960. Appendix XI shows the proportion of sentence served when parole was granted in the years 1949, 1953, 1957 and 1960. The periods under supervision have thus substantially increased over preceding years. Appendix XII shows- the amount of time served before release on parole, of all sentences of life imprisonment and preventive detention during the years 1949, 1953, 1957, 1959 and 1960, in the various regions. Appendix XIII provides data with respect to sex, age, offence, place of deten- tion, length of sentence, average time served and type of supervision, with respect to paroles granted and paroles violated. Further information with respect to revocation and forfeiture of parole and parole supervision, is given in Chapters IV and VI.

5 CHAPTER Ill

RULES AND REGULATIONS Parole regulations, pursuant to Section 7 of the Parole Act, were passed effective September 1st, 1960, and are contained in Appendix I. They provide for the portion of the term of imprisonment inmates shall serve before parole may be granted, the times when the Board shall review inmates' cases, and the procedure with respect to revoking or suspending a sentence of whipping, or an order under the Criminal Code prohibiting a person from operating a motor vehicle. In any case in which special circumstances exist, the Board may grant parole at an earlier date than the time specified in the regulations. The Board does not believe in rigid and arbitrary rules and the regulations are mostly for the purpose of establishing an orderly system of review.

Automatic Parole Review System The regulations require that the case of every inmate serving a sentence of two years or more shall be reviewed, whether or not an application has been made ,by or on behalf of such inmate. This means a file is required for each of about 6,500 inmates in the federal penitentiaries, and involved creating about 3,000 new files and arranging to obtain the necessary reports for each one. Arrangements were made to obtain reports from Judges and Magistrates, and police reports from all major police forces automatically without request, as part of this system. Although each case is reviewed automatically, the inmate is expected to apply for parole and state reasons why he should have a parole and his proposed parole program. Despite the substantial increase in the number of cases considered, from 5,120 in 1959 to 7,240 in 1960, the investigation procedureS were improved so that those deserving parole, could be released earlier than previously, and the periods under supervision would be longer and more helpful. Appendix XI shows that in 1959, only 14% of those paroled had served less than one-half of their sentences, compared to 27% in 1960. 61% had served between 50% to 70% of their sentences in 1959, compared to 55% in 1960, and 25% of those paroled in 1959 had served over 70% of their sentence, compared to 18% in 1960.

Federal Penitentiary Cases An inmate serving a sentence of two to three years shall be considered for parole after serving one year. Those serving a sentence of three years or more shall serve one-third, or four years, whichever is the lesser, before being eligible for parole. Those serving a life sentence to which a sentence of hanging has been com- muted, shall serve ten years and those serving an ordinary life sentence, shall serve seven years before being considered for parole. A sentence of • preventive detention shall be reviewed within three years of the conviction and at least every two years thereafter. The time is computed from the date a person is first placed in custody.

Provincial Cases Inmates serving sentences of less than two years are considered for parole upon application only, and normally after they have served one-third of the sentence. The investigation is completed as soon as possible after receipt of the application, and not later than four months, and the case presented to the Board. 6 Procedure Applications for revocation or suspension of sentences of whipping, or orders prohibiting the operation of a motor velaicle, are investigated immediately. A preliminary review of every sentence of two years and over is made six months after the inmate's admission to the penitentiary, to set a date for parole review, at which time a complete investigation is made and the case presented to the Board for a decision. Members of the staff of the institutions are asked for reports as to inmates' conduct, industry, attitude, and progress before this parole review date. A copy of the application and the institutional report is sent to the Regional Representative, who interviews the inmate and gives an assessment of his suitability as a parole risk. A community investigation report is obtained in appropriate cases, to learn of the inmate's family or marital background, reputation in the community, previous work record, and possibility of employment, and provision for a supervisor. This is usually prepared by an after-care agency or a provincial probation or parole officer and occasionally by our own officers. The Parole Analyst in charge of the.investigation at headquarters, obtains the various reports, prepares a submission and summary of the case for the Board, in advance of the parole eligibility date. It is immediately considered by the Board and if parole is granted, 'notification is given to the inmate, institutional staff and any other applicants. In some cases a gradual release program is arranged by which the inmate is allowed to leave the institution for short periods, to assist in his rehabilitation by becoming accustomed to life .outside, or to make arrangements for a job.

7 CHAPTER IV

TERMINATION OF PAROLE A parole may be revoked if the parolee misbehaves or fails to abide by the conditions of his parole certificate. It is automatically forfeited upon the commission of an indictable offence. It may be suspended by a warrant issued by any Board Member, or Regional Representative, in order to prevent a breach of any term or con- dition of parole. The Board is thus able to exercise effective and adequate control and deal quickly with delinquents. Suspension of Parole In 1960 parole was suspended in 47 cases, of which 27 were revoked, 11 were forfeited and 9 continued on parole. A study of these suspended reveals that: (a) the ages of the parolees were from 17 to 48, with an average age of 29; (b) 10 parolees had been originally convicted of breaking, entering and theft, 8 for false pretences, 6 for theft, 5 for armed robbery, 5 for manslaughter, 2 for rape, 2 for robbery and 2 for murder; (c) the shortest sentence being served when parole was granted was six months and the longest 20 years, and the average was 53.7 months not including three life sentences; (d) the average time served in prison before parole was 36 months; (e) the average time on parole when the suspension was.ordered was 6.8 months; (f) R.C.M. Police apprehended 35 parolees in an average of less than 25 days. (g) they were suspended for one or more of the following reasons: (i) resisting supervision — 15 (ii) whereabouts unknown — 13 (iii) leaving area without permission — 5 (iv) breach of condition of abstinence — 7 (v) misconduct — 15 (vi) threats to wife — 1 (vii) new offence suspected — 1 (viii) mentally ill — 1 (h) the suspended paroles were distributed among the Regional Offices as follows: Vancouver — 12 Toronto — 6 — 3 Kingston — 5 Prince Albert — 2 — 9 Winnipeg — 3 Quebec — 2 — 5 Revocation and Forfeiture of Parole A Warrant of Revocation is issued to revoke one's parole and he is then re- turned to the institution to serve the balance of his sentence that remained unexpired when it was granted.

8 In 1960, 97 paroles were revoked and 94 forfeited. An analysis of these 191 cases reveals that: (a) the ages of the parolees were from 16 to 51, with an average age of 25.5; 20% were less than 20 years of age, 53% between 20 and 30, and 27% were over 30; (b) 54% of the parolees had been originally convicted for theft or receiving, 15% for. robbery with violence, 12% for forgery, fraud or uttering, 6% for sexual offences, 3% for possession or trafficidng in drugs and 10% for offences too numerous_ _ to classify. (c) one was a sentence of life imprisonment, while the average sentence being served in the remaining cases was 2.5 years, including 11 with an in- determinate part of the sentence; (d) 40% involved parolees from provincial institutions and 60% from federal penitentiaries; (e) the average time served by these inmates before release was 1.8 years; (f) about 5% related to paroles granted prior to 1959; 48% to paroles granted in 1959 and 47% to paroles granted in 1960; (g) the average period served on parole before revocation or forfeiture- was 4.5 months; (h) 26% were first offenders and half of the others had been previously con- victed of at least one similar offence, and the other half of other types of offences; (i) 48% had a liquor problem; (j) the family backgro' und was reputed to be good in 31% of the cases, fair in 25% and poorin 23%, and 21% came from broken homes; (k) 71% had been assured of some family or marital support; (1) 85% of the parolees had a home to return to upon release; (m) 35% had some assurance of financial assistance; (n) 44% had an offer of employment upon release; (o) Regional Representatives were directly responsible for supervision in 11% of the cases, Provincial Probation or Parole Officers in 21%, and private after-care or social agencies in 68%;

(p) the Board revoked parole, as the result of one or more breaches of the conditions of parole, as follows: (i) leaving area without permission or whereabouts unknown — 52 (ii) lack of cooperation with supervisor — 37 (iii) misconduct — 20 (iv) excessive use of liquor — 38 (sr) refusal to work or quitting employment without per- mission — 6 (vi) neglect to provide support — 5 (vii) failure to report to police — 14 9 (q) the Board revoked parole, as the result of a summary conviction offence, as follows: (i) assault on wife — (ii) passing bad cheque — 7 (iii) creating disturbance — 3 (iv) further offence in U.S.A. — 2 (v) vagrancy 7- 2 (vi) drunkenness — 2 (vii) driving while disqualified — 1 (viii) gross indecency — 1 (ix) damage to vehicle — 1 Appendix XIV shows, by region, the number and percentage of revocations and forfeitures in each of the years 1949, 1953, 1957, 1958, 1959 and 1960. Appendix XV gives comparative data as to ages, type of offence, length of sentence, place of detention, average time served, year of release and previous con- victions of all the cases of revocation and/or forfeiture for the years 1959 and 1960. During the years 1959 and 1960, the number of revocations was approximately equal to the number of forfeitures. This means that about half of the parole failures were because of general misbehaviour and not for the commission of a new offence. This is because of the Board's determined policy taht parolees should -behave pro- perly and abide strictly by the conditions of their parole certificate.

Incidence of rate of Recidivism Appendix XVI is a study of the incidence of recidivism with respect to paroles granted in the years 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954 and 1955. It shows that on the average 63.65% of the persons paroled during these years had not retu rned to prison within five years and, in the case of the year 1950, 61% had not returned to prison within ten years; it may be observed that the rate of recidivism after five years with respect to the 1950 group had been exceptionally low in comparison to the following years and that at ten years, the rate is almost equal to the other years, after five years. The table sets out the number and percentage of those whose paroles were revoked or forfeited during the parole period and also the number and percentage of those who, after successful termination of parole, were again sentenced to provincial or federal prisons. The Board is indebted to the R.C.M.P. for their kindness in completing this study. Appendix XVI, therefore, reveals that on the average-, five years after being released on parole, only 36% of the paroled inmates had returned to prison. This compares favourably with the incidence of recidivism of over 80% among'the general prison population.

10 CHAPTER V

THE NATIONAL PAROLE SERVICE

The staff of the Board is known as the National Parole Service. It is respon- sible for the preparation of cases for the Board, interviewing inmates, and the overall supervision of parolees. Because of the impact of the automatic parole review and the increase in applications received and paroles granted, the staff has been under constant heavy pressure all year. The chart at page 21, shows its complete organization.

Headquarters

In 1960, there was a substantial increase in the volume of work both at Headquarters and in the Field. 8,769 new, cases were opened in 1960, as against 6,293 in 1959.

Four officers, including an Assistant Secretary, a Supervisor and two Parole Analysts, as well as seven clerks or stenographers were added during the year, making a total at the end of the year of 16 officers and 40 clerical staff.

The Field

Offices were opened in Quebec and Edmonton, and 12 parole officers were appointed, one each to Moncton, Toronto, Winnipeg, two to Vancouver, three to Kingston, four to Montreal. Six stenographers were added to the field staff, making a total of 23 officers and '21 clerical staff.

Additional offices are planned for the Atlantic Provinces and Ontario.

The duties of the field officers include:

(a) conducting personal interviews with inmates of penal institutions;

(b) briefing them about parole;

(c) assisting with their applications and preparation of release plans;

(d) assessing them as parole risks;

(e) exercising authority over parolees and

(f) modifying certain conditions of Certificates of Parole;

(g) issuing Warrants of Suspension of Parole;

(h) directly supervising some parolees;

(i) maintaining liaison and developing good relationships with government officials, provincial authorities, courts, police, penal institutions, pro- bation officers, after-care and social agencies, and members of the public. 11 The chart below gives details of the visits by Regional Representatives to institutions, which increased 55% from 687 in 1959, to 1,067 in 1960; and the inter- views, which increased 26% from 4,518 in 1959; to 5,692 in 1960.

NuMber ' Visits to Inmates City Area Covered of interviewed Officers Institutions Moncton Atlantic Provinces 2 53 678 Quebec Eastern Quebec 1 29 125 Montreal Rest of Quebec 7 203 1,476 Kingston North & East Ontario 4 240 1,073 Toronto Central & West Ontario 2 93 578 Winnipeg Manitoba 2 153 376 Prince Albert Saskatchewan 1 122 306 Edmonton Alberta 1 53 490 Vancouver British Columbia 3 121 590

A meeting of all Regional Representatives was held in Ottawa in June, 1„960 to discuss various problems, promote better liaison and understanding between the staff at Headquarters and in the Field and generally increase the efficiency of the system.

12 ORGANIZATION—NATIONAL PAROLE BOARD

NATIONAL PAROLE BOARD

CHAIRMAN

MEMBER MEMBER MEMBER MEMBER

SEC RETARY

NATIONAL PAROLE SERVICE

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

CASE CASE ADMINIS TR A noN I pREPARATION SUPERVISION

CENTRAL EASTERN WESTERN REG. CENTRAL REG. EASTERN REG. 1 ASSISTANT REGION REGION OFFICES OFFICES oFKicES SECRETARY

SuPEFIVISOR SuPEFIVISOR SUPERVISOR

VANCOUVER TORONTO RIONTREAL 3 PAROLE 4 PAROLE 5 PAROLE ANALYSTS ANALYSTS ANALysTs NOTIFICATIONS EDMONTON KINGSTON QUEBEC

CASE CASE INvE STIGATOR INvESTIGATOR PRINCE mONc TON ALBERT IpRoPOSECH REGISTRy RECORDS AND sTAnsncs ASST. CASE ASST. CASE INVESTIGATOR INVESTIGAroR WINNIPEG HALIFAX CHAPTER VI

PAROLE AND THE PUBLIC

Parole Supervision Adequate supervision is essential to the success of a parole system, and is especially important because it is here that the public come into contact with parolees. The Board believes in being fair; but firm. Parolees should be assisted as much as possible, but must also behave and learn to obey the law and accept their responsibilities. The following table shows the number released on supervision and by whom it was provided:

Data on Parole Supervision (1960) With Supervision By social agencies 1217 — 49% By public services 434 — 18% By regional representatives 400 — 16% By others 174 — 7%

No Supervision For deportation 49 Short paroles 183 Others 2 234 — 10% Total Paroles 2459 — 100%. Appendix XVII shows the number of cases under supervision in various parts of the country, in the years 1957, 1958, 1959 and 1960, and by whom it was provided. A parolee must not be allowed to impair the success of the system generally by misbehaviour. The welfare of any individual parolee must not be allowed to jeopardise the protection of the public, because we are as much concerned with the protection of the public as we are with the reformation of offenders.

Public Relations The public should realize that the only way it can properly be protected is by the reform of the offender. 99% of the prisoners come out of prison anyway, so they should be as well prepared as possible. They cannot reform if they are not given a chance to reform, so it is hoped that they will not be refused an opportunity to work only because they have committed an offence. They should be judged according to their apparent sincere intentions and given a chance, if they seem to deserve it. Punishment which is based on nothing but vengeance, is not effective and simply aggravates the whole problem. Canada's correctional system is being greatly improved and the true purpose of it is to reform the offender. The new approach is to be positive and constructive, rather than negative and repressive. Though much has been done in the way of public education, there is still a great need for a better understanding on the part of the public generally, as to the pur- poses and effectiveness of the parole system. It is simply a matter of trying to reform as many offenders as we can and assist them in doing so by a grant of parole. It is not a matter of reviewrng or shortening sentences, or trying to pamper prisoners in any way. 14 We are indebted to many people, both in and out of the correctional field, for their cooperation in making the parole system successful so far. With this continued cooperation and a greater coordination of our efforts, together with increased under- standing on the part of the public, it should be possible to salvage even more offenders than in the past and at the same time, result in great saving of expense to the taxpayer.

15 APPENDIX I

PAROLE REGULATIONS

P.C. 1960-681

AT THE GOVERNMENT HOUSE AT OTTAWA

THURSDAY, the 19th day of MAY, 1960.

PRESENT: HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR GENERAL IN COuNCIL

His Excellency the Governor General in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister of Justice, pursuant to section 7 of the Parole Act, is pleased hereby to make the annexed Regulations, to be effective the first day of September, 1960.

1. These Regulations may be cited as the Parole Regulations. 2. (1) The portion of the term of imprisonment that an inmate shall ordinarily serve before parole may be granted is as follows: (a) where the sentence of imprisonment is not a sentence of imprisonment for life or a sentence of preventive detention, one-third of the term of imprison- ment imposed or four years, whichever is the lesser, but in the case of a sentence of imprisonment of two years or more to a federal penal institution, at least one year; (b) where the sentence of imprisonment is for life but not a sentence of pre- ventive detention or a sentence of life imprisonment to which a sentence of death has been commuted, seven years; and (c) where the sentence is one of life imprisonment to which a sentence of death has been commuted, ten years. (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), where, in the opinion of the Board special circumstances exist, the Board may grant parole to an inmate before he has served the portion of his sentence of imprisonment required under subsection (1) to have been served before a parole may be granted. 3. (1) In the case of every inmate serving a sentence of imprisonment of two years or more, the Board shall (a) consider the case of the inmate as soon as possible after the inmate has been admitted to a prison, and in any event within six months thereof, and fix a date for his parole review; (b) review the case of the inmate in order to decide whether or not to grant parole and, if parole is to be granted, the date upon which the parole is to commence, on or before (0 the date fixed for the parole review pursuant to paragraph (a), or (ii) the last day of the relevant portion of the term of imprisonment referred to in subsection (1) of section 2, whichever is the earlier; and (c) where the Board, upon reviewing the case of an inmate pursuant to para- graph OW, does not at that time grant parole to the inmate, continue to

16 review the case of the inmate at least once during every two years following the date the case was previously reviewed until parole is granted or the sentence of the inmate is satisfied. (2) Where an application for parole is made by or on behalf of an inmate who is serving a sentence of imprisonment of less than. two years, the case shall be re- viewed upon completion of all inquiries that the Board considers necessary but, in any event, not later than four months after the application is received by the Board. (3) Nothing in this section shall be construed as limiting the authority of the Board to review the case of an inmate at any time during his term of imprisonment. 4. (1) Where the Board receives an application to suspend or revoke a sentence of whipping, the Board shall (a) determine forthwith if the sentenc e. should be suspended pending further investigation and, if it was so determined, issue an order accordingly; (b) conduct such investigation as appears to be warranted in the circumstances; and (c) as soon as possible after completing the investigation, if any, referred to in paragraph (b) (i) revoke the sentence, (ii) refuse to revoke the sentence, (iii) suspend the sentence for any period the Board may deem applicable, (iv) refuse to suspend the sentence, or (v) cancel the order of suspension, if any, made pursuant to paragraph (a). (2) An order of suspension made pursuant to subsection (1) expires ten days before the expiration of any term of imprisonment to which the convicted person, to whom the sentence of whipping relates, has been sentenced unless, before that day, the Board revokeÈ the sentence of whipping. 5. Where the Board receives an application to suspend or revoke .an order made under the Criminal Code prohibiting a person from operating a motor vehicle, the Board shall (a) conduct as quickly as possible such investigation as appears to be warranted in the circumstances; and (b) determine as soon as possible if the order should be suspended or revoked and, if it so decides, issue an order accordingly. 6. Where the Board suspends or revokes an order made under the Criminal Code prohibiting a person from operating a motor vehicle, the suspension or revocation may be made upon such terms and conditions as the Board considers necessary or desirable.

17

APPENDIX II

NATIONAL PAROLE BOARD

1960 STATISTICAL SUMMARY

1958 1959 1960

New cases opened 5,959 6,293 8,769 Cases concluded 1,339 Incoming correspondence 67,600 85,468 119,746 Outgoing correspondence 61,549 83,099 137,146

Board Decisions 5,120 7,240 Parole denied 2,790 3,594 automatic review 517 following application 3,077 Parole deferred 607 automatic • review 90 following application 517 Parole granted 994 2,038 2,525* in penitentiaries 522 994 1,192 in provincial gaols 472 1,044 1,333 for deportation 49 short ** 183 Parole suspended 18 47 Parole revoked 31 52 97 Parole forfeited 45 58 94

Prohibition from Driving Suspension granted — 52 68 Suspension refused — 61 108

Sentence of Lashes Sentence remitted — 3 Sentence refused — — — • * in this total, are included 66 cases of graduai release temporary paroles covering the three or four weeks prior to expiry of sentence.

** this means usually a period of approximately 30 days at the end of the sentence with no supervision and upon the condition that the recipient be of good conduct and deportment.

18

APPENDIX tU

DECISIONS OF' THE NATIONAL. PAROLE - BOARD 1960

" 'BT'REGIONS .

Eastern Central Western

Paroles: Denied 1254 1390 950 Deferred 259 173 175 ,Granted 1065 577 512 For Deportation 5 28 16 Short 61 68 54 Gradual 1 46 19 With Gradual 17 24 32 Cancelled 6 7 4 Modified 45 18 29 Reduced 6 2 6 Suspended — Suspended 5 1 l, — Continued 1 — 8 — Revoked 13 4 10 . Revoked 36 19 15 Forfeited 48 23 23 Reinstated 3 2 2

Prohibition From Driving: Favourable 50 6 12 Adverse 61 21 26

Lashes: Favourable — 1 —

Adverse — — — TOTALS 3329 2798 2164 '

19 APPENDIX IV

DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL PAROLE BOARD 1960

BY INSTITUTIONS — EASTERN REGION

J —. . cn > Ë .4 0 u 1 cn 0 0 .0 "S 0 *0 ›. 0 fa, ...>0 0 •8 u ....4 0 0 Cll 0 • cf, ..,. ce 4, 2 cis 0, e■ • 4 ° be (5 - Ce ci w l' •,ag .. r:.", .e. —le' czi vi ° -5 • • g I' n 0 2 Z . 16 .. cia rn . - 0 0 0 ., 0 o E-I

Paroles: Denied 26 5 22 238 — 21 16 526 139 4 106 39 112 1254 Deferred 1 — 1 38 — 2 1 96 115 — 1 2 2 259 Granted 41 1 37 137 2 63 19 192 232 4 164 33 140 1065 For Deportation ———————- 1 — — 4 — — 5 Short 4 — 6 4-46 3 4 — 6 8 16 61 Gradual With Gradual — — — 3 — — — 12 2 — — — — 17 Cancelled — — — 1 — — — 1 1 3 — — 6 Modified 2 — — 3 — 1 1 32 4 — 1 1 — 45 Reduced — — — 1 — — — 5 ————- 6 Suspended — Suspended ——————- 4 — — — 1 — 5t — Continued ——————- 1 ————-1 — Revoked — — — 4 — — — 4 2 — 2 — 1 13 Revoked' — — 5 — 1 — 9 6 — 8 3 4 36 Forfeited — — 1 12 — 3 1 7 16 — 3 1 4 48 Reinstated ——————- 1 1— — — 1 3 TOTALS 74 6 67 446 2 95 44 895 522 8 298 88 280 2825

20 APPENDIX V

DECISIONS 'OF. THE NATIONAL PAROLE BOARD 1960 BY ,1NST.ITUTIONS— CENTRAL REGION

d .e çl: e-1 a 1:' ci ei ›, • E tL■ 4: al r,..e, (.: c 4 d ■ tr1 - â. ) t f) " ' â 1 . PL I i') 2 8 f, e I' gi u.) .0t., _,,, e n o a a o rl .."a' e o o :12 o Pig DI 0 C.) CO 0 n e e m Iii › a 1-t Paroles: Denied 235 78 52 8 11 153 196 361 3 52 68 72 14 30 57 1390 Deferred 78 9 4 — — 53 4 24 ————-- 1 — 173 Granted 56 36 85 2 2 10.1 34 171 2 18 18 23 3 6 20 577 For Deportation 6 — — — 1 7 1 11 2 —————- 28 Short 8 2 5 1 9 4 5 12 — 2 5 5 1 6 3 68 Gradual 45 1 ————--———————- 46 16 7 — — — 1 With Gradual ————————- 24 Cancelled 1 — 1 — — — — 3 — — 2 — — — — 7 Modified 12 — 1 — -- 4 — 1 ———————---- 18 Reduced 2 Suspended — Suspended 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 — Continued — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Revoked 2 Revoked 4 — 1 — — 8 1 4 — 1 ————- 19 Forfeited 5 — 3 — — 3 1 11 — — — — — 23 Reinstated — —— :— 1 1 ———————- 2 _ TOTALS 471 134 152 11 23 335 242 600 7 73 93 100 18 43 80 2382

21: APPENDIX VI

DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL PAROLE BOARD 1960

BY INSTITUTIONS - WESTERN REGION

> "a -.o G) 0 ..- > 0 a a . -0 -0' e g ,,,, :-- 2 (à) a ii: 3 E 2 _,.) a o Cu - ..o '''o re o • • 73 0 a) e e, (U 0 Cu 2 2 'es rg f34 cg L' I:: CI a 1, • .(1 1, 0 E4 0 2 î Cu Cu e â r • e ô ei

Paroles: ., . Denied 117 61 155 41 200 5 - 136 186 49 - 950 Deferred 31 6 47 3 64 4 9 6 5 - - 175 Granted 38 41 79 52 62 17 110 70 42 - 1 512 For Deportation — 1 1 3 - 7 4 - - 16 Short 2 3 7 2 7 1 14 14 4 - - 54 Gradual 3 - - 5 5 2 4 - - -- - 19 With Gradual 15 - 9 - 7 1 - - - - - 32 Cancelled — 1 - - - 2 1 - - 4 Modified 5 1 7 1 9 2 3 1 - - - 29 Reduced 1 - 2 — 3 ------6 Suspended - Suspended - - 1 - - - - - - - - 1 - Continued 1 - 1 - 4 - - 2 - - - 8 - Revoked 3 - 2 1 1 1 1 1 - - - 10 Revoked 1 1 3 - 3 - 2 4 1 - - 15 Forfeited 3 1 5 3 6 - 3 1 1 - - 23 Reinstated - — — — 2 TOTALS 220 114 322 109 371 36 291 290 102 - 1 1856

22 APPENDIX VII

NATIONAL PAROLE BOARD PAROLES GRANTED BY PROVINCES AND TYPES OF INSTITUTIONS

1958 1959 1960 Penitentiaries British Columbia 46 94 84 William Head 6 21 Oliver Mental Institute 1 Saskatchewan 33 78 96 Manitoba 18 38 58 Kingston 28 83 131 Joyceville 7 46 Collin's Bay 37 90 113 St. Vincent de Paul 114 162 209 Leclerc 4 Federal Training Centre 142 237 238

, Dorchester 89 186 144 Springhill Institution 2 Newfoundland 15 13 45 TOTAL 522 994 1,192

Provincial Gaols Yukon & N.W.T. 1 British Columbia 30 113 135 Alberta 42 95 134 Saskatchewan 11 25 60 Manitoba 27 34 44 Ontario 134 310 453 Quebec 165 342 371 New Brunswick 46 84 92 , Nova Scotia 14 36 43 Prince Edward Island 3 4 1 TOTAL 472 1,044 1,333

23 APPENDIX VIII

INDEFINITE SENTENCES

ONTARIO AND BRITISH COLUMBIA

Revocation Parole Granted and/or Forfeiture

Ontario 113 cases 11 British Columbia 7 TOTAL 120 cases 11

FEMALE INMATES RELEASED ON PAROLE

Revocation Parole Granted and/or Forfeiture Maritimes 5 Quebec 6 2 Ontario 21 6 Western Provinces 25 TOTAL 57 8

24 APPENDIX IX — 1

LENGTH OF SENTENCES AND THE NUMBER OF PAROLES GRANTED

IN EACH SENTENCE - BY REGION

• Length of Totals Sentences Maritimes Quebec Ontario Western Paroles Granted .(months)

2 3 1 - 1 5 3 4 20 7 6 37 4 2 6 8 4 20 5 1 7 2 2 12 6 5,6 158 50 39 303 7 - 7 4 1 12 8 4 5 12 4 25 9 6 6 29 34 75 10 1 6 11 5 23 11 - 1 - 2 3 12 45 86 85 111 327 13 - - 2 2 4 14 - 3 4 - 7 15 3 4 36 14 57 16 2 1 1 1 5 17 - 1 - - 1 18 13 9 54 41 117 20 1 - 4 1 6 21 - - 9 1 10 22 1 2 1 - 4 23 - 5 1 1 7 24 82 225 74 78 459 25 1 1 3 - 5 26 1 2 - 2 5 27 3 3 7 5 18 28 - - - 1 1 29 - - 1 - 1 30 6 6 22 21 55 _ 31 - 1 1 2 32 - 1 2 - 3 33 - 1 5 2 8 34 - - 1 2 3 36 25 74 42 45 186 38 - 2 - - 2 39 1 2 - - 3 41 1 - - - 1 42 - 2 4 2 8

25 APPENDIX IX - 2

Length of Totals - Western Sentences Maritimes Quebec Ontario Paroles Granted (months)

43 - - - 1 1 46 - - 1 .- 1 47 - - 1 - 1 48 10 28 28 17 83 49 - - 1 1 2 50 - - - 1 1 53 - - 1 - 1 54 - 2 2 1 5 60 7 38 21 15 81 62 - - 1 1 2 64 - - 1 - 1 66 - - - 1 1 72 - 5 8 5 18 84 4 4 12 11 31 86 - 1 - - 1 92 - - - - 1 96 1 - 4 8 13 105 - - 1 - 1 108 - 1 1 - 2 113 - - - 1 1 120 - 4 12 12 28 122 1 - - - 1 132 - - - 1 1 144 1 5 3 1 10 168 - 1 1 1 3 180 - 3 6 1 10 192 - - 2 1 2 216 - 1 - - 1 228 - - - 1 1 240 1 6 1 1 9 244 - - - - 1 1 255 - - - 1 1 300 1 3 - - 4 360 1 - - _ 1 468 - - 1 - 1 TOTALS 289 751 590 512 2142

26

APPENDIX X

PAROLES GRANTED IN RELATION

TO LENGTH OF SENTENCE

1949 1953 1957 1959 1960

Provincial Gaols 'Less than 6 monthS 2% 1% 2% 5% 4% Six months 9% 6% 10% 12% 14% Over 6 months less than 12 months 6% 2% 5% 5% 7% 12 months 31% 31% 13% 17% 15% Over 12 months less than 2 years 12% 9% 10% 11% 10% TOTAL 60% 49% 40% 50% 50%

Penitentiaries 2 years 22% 27% 35% 34% 21% Over-2 years 18% 29% 25% 16% 29% TOTAL 40% 51% 60% 50% 50%

27 APPENDIX XI

PROPORTION OF SENTENCE SERVED WHEFI PAROLED — (ALL SENTENCES)

IN THE YEARS 1949 — 1953 — 1957 — 1959 — 1960

Paroles Granted less 35% 35% to 50% 50% to 70% 70% and over before half of sentence served

Canada 1949 3% 12% 64% 21% 15% 1953 1.5% 8.5 % 78% 12% 10% 1957 3% 17% 64% 16% 20% 1959 1% 13% 61% 25% 14% 1960 5% 22% 55% 18% 27%

28

APPENDIX XII

TIME SERVED ON LIFE and/or INDETERMINATE SENTENCES AT TIME OF RELEASE (in years and months)

Atlantic 1949 19 , 1953

• 1957- 11,5 '16.11 1959 1960 (i) 6.3

Quebec 1949 '17.8 21.1 1953 15.8 16.5 19,4 19.10 1957 10.5 12.4 . 1959 10.1 1960 7.2 9.6

Ontario 1949 7.8 20.2 1953 14.5 1957 14.10 1959 1960" 10.0 11.8 11.10 14.1 29.1 (i) 6.7 (07.11 . .

West 1949 12.7 20.4 1953 15.10 : 1957 11.2 12.3 16.8 (i) 7.4 (i) 8.9 (i) 4.4 1959 18.1 13.10 11.4 19.1 (i) 8.1 (i) 9.3 1960 10.11 11.1 17.1 17.6 . _ (i) 6.5 (i) 6.6 (i) 8.2 (i)10.1 (010.2 (i)10.3. (07.1. ,(07.3

(3) - Indeterminate sentence (habitual èriminal or sexual psychopath) • • NOTE: The above chart indicatesthe number of releases fortheyea .rs shc;;en andtime served.

29 APPENDIX XIII

GENERAL STATISTICAL INFORMATION .

PAROLE AND PAROLE VIOLATION WITH'. 'RESPECT TO 1960

Parole Granted . Parole Violation

Sex: (male) 97.35% 96.34% (female) 2.65% 3.66%

Age: average 27.8 years 25.5 years less than 20 years 16%. 20% between 20 and 30 years 52% 53% over 30 years 32% 27%

Offence: theft or receiving 47% 54% robbery 15% forgery 10% 12% sex 14% 6% drugs 2% 3% others 12% 10%

Place of Detention: . in provincial inst. 53% 40% in federal inst. 47% 60%

Length of sentence: life (commuted 5) (straight 9) 14 1 indeterminate (psy. 3) (hab. 8) 11 average of all others 28.09 mos. 30 mos.

Average time served 14.83 mos. 21.6 mos.

Supervision of: regional offices 20% 11% prov. public services 21% 21% private- agencies 59% 68%

30 NATIONAL PAROLE BOARD FORFEITURES AND REVOCATIONS

1949 - 1953 - 1957 - 1958,- 1959 - 1960

FORFEITURES REVOCATIONS % OF FAILURES Prov. of Release 49 53 57 58 59 60 49 53 57 58 59 60 49 53 57 58 59 60

Maritimes 3 6 7 9 11 17 2 5 7 3 10 10 5.10 • 16.17 8.64 7.19 6.50 8.28 Quebec 19 9 21 17 29 31 5 6 22 18 17 39 5.83 4.10 10.36 8.31 6.21 8.52 Ontario 7 8 14 7 12 23 2 2 16 2 16 23 5.29 6.09 13.39 4.52 5.66 6.20 Manitoba 4 - 4 3 1 4 - 1 4 1 2 5 9.30 2.63 9.52 8.89 4.17 8.82 Saskatchewan 8 6 « 8.98 ez 2 2 1 4 2 1 5 7 3 10 3.33 6.36 6.89 8.14 6.06 Alberta 2 6 5.93 Br. Columbia 4 - 1 5 3 9 2 1 4 4 5 8 6.54 0.86 5.55 11.84 3.76 7.73

CANADA 39 25 48 45 58 94 12 20 60 31 60 97 5.62 5.22 9.88 7.65 5.79 7.77

ddY N3 CI XI AIX APPENDIX XV - 1

COMPARATIVE DATA ON CASES OF REVOCATION and/or FORFEITURE

1959 1960 Average

Age: Average 25 years 25.5 years 25.25 years Less than 20 years 23% 20% 21.5% Between 20 and 30 years 54% 53% 53.5% Over 30 years 23% 27% 25% Offence: Theft or receiving 58% 54% 56% Robbery 17% 15% 16% Forgery 15% 12% 13.5% Sex 2% 6% 4% Drugs 3% 1.5% Others 8% 10% 9% Length of Sentence: Life 1 case 1 case Indeterminate 1 " — — Average of all others 33.6 mos. 30 mon. 31.8 mos. Place of detention: in provincial institutions 27% 40% 33.5% in federal institutions 73% 60% 66.5%

Average time served 27.6 mos. 21.6 mos. 24.6 mos. Year of release: before 1958 331.00 4% — in 1959 6624% 49% — in 1960 — 47% — Average period on parole 4.95 mos. 4.5 mos. 4.72 mos. Previous convictions: none 25% 26% - 25.5% at least one similar 25% 37% 31% at least one other 50% 37% 43.5%

Liquor problem 55% 48% 51.5% Family background: Good 21% 31% 26% Fair 35% 25% 35% Poor 13% 23% 18% Broken Home 21% 21% 21%

32

APPENDIX XV - 2

1959 1960 Average

Family or marital support 75% 71% 73% Home to return to 74% 85% 79.5%

Financial assistance 22% 35% 28.5% Offer of employment 48% 44% 46% Supervision of: Pegional offices 5% 11% 8% Prov. publié services 15% 21% 18% Private agencies 80% 68% 74%

33

APPENDIX XVI

INCIDENCE OF RECIDIVISM OF PERSONS

RELEASED ON PAROLE, 1950 - 1955 & 1950 - 1960

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955

Paroles granted 924 754 756 825 904 1365 Instances and Rate of Recidivism: 1) Revocation 12 14 19 8 8 31 % 1.29 1.85 2.51 0.96 0.88 2.27 2) Forfeiture 24 15 27 29 28 56 % 2.59 1.98 3.57 3.51 3.0 4.03

within 5 years 3) Subsequent Sentence to Provincial Institution 154 153 166 168 195 243 % 16.66 20.29 21.95 20.36 21.57 17.80 4) Subsequent Sentence to Penitentiary 53 92 108 116 108 172 % 5.73 12.20 14.28 14.06 11.94 12.60 TOTAL 243 274 320 321 339 502 % 26.29 36.33 42.32 38.90 37.50 36.77

within 10 years 3) Subsequent Sentence to Provincial Institution 200 % 22.09 4) Subsequent Sentence to Penitentiary 116 % 12.82 TOTAL 353 - % 39.01

(a) SUBSEQUENT SENTENCE refers to a persan who successfully completed his parole, but was later convicted of a new offence and sentenced to a penal. institution. (b) This chart does not include (1)Suspended Sentences (2)Fines & Costs in default a term of imprisonment. (c) This chart includes those persons sentenced to both a provincial institution and a peni- tentiary during the five and ten year comparison period.

34 APPENDIX XVII

NATIONAL PAROLE BOARD

DATA ON RELEASE AND SUPERVISION 1957 — 1958 — 1959 — 1960

SUPERVISION

Social Agencies Public Services Regional Rep

1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960 1957 1958 1959 1960

Maritimes 104 96 122 117 64 101 18 42 52 15 Quebec 276 272 383 475 67 139 262 238 Ontario 205 188 203 283 247 292 8 27 36 26 Manitoba 72 38 38 54 4 3 4 15 26 Saskatchewan 45 3 21 103 78 136 15 5 9 17 Alberta 132 3 13 Br. Columbia 74 70 108 111 14 18 9 10 59 61 Yukon & N.W.T. 1 1 1 CANADA 835 742 991 1217 341 432 110 231 441 400

Social agencies include parole and probationary services in 1957 and 1958.

35

90 7 ' 8

ROGER DUHAMEL, r.a.s.c. ROGER DUHAMEL, Queens Printer and Imprimeur de la Reine et Controller of Statinnery Contrôleur de la Papeterie Ottawa, 1961