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FISH AND ~ILD~IFE RESOURCES OF THE
DESCHUTES 'BASIN, OREGON, AND
THEIR WATER REQUIREMENTS
By
Jim E. Lauman Aquatic Biologist Environmental Management section William E. pitney, Chief
A Report withRe~Ommendations to the OREGON STATE WATER RESOURCES BOARD
From the Oregon state Game Commission . John W~ McKean, Director
FEDERAL AID TO FISH RESTORATION Job Final Report Fisheries stream Flow Requirem~nts Project F-69-R, Job Number 10
Portland, Oregon
...
"... TABLE OF CONTENTS { ( Page
q-~" INTRODUCTION •• • • • ..... • ..... ~,..: .• "' "e"' -• '. 1 FISH RESOURCES •• ...... '. . 2 -Inventory and Distribution •••••• 2 I" .' ! Gante Fish . .. . • • . . . • . . . . . 2 Nongame Fish. •••.•••• . . 11 Biological Requirements of Stream Dwelling Salmonids. •••••••• •. •• 12 Habitat Preferences • • • • • • • . • 12 Spawning...... 13 Rearing • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 14 Food . • • . • ...... 14 Shelter. • . ••..•••• 15 suitable Medium. . . • • . . 15 Passage •••••• •. • • • . • 16
Factors Affecting Fish Resources . • • 17 Water Availability•••.•.•. 17 Water Quality • • • • • • • • • • 23 Barriers. • • • • • • . • • • . • • . 27 Diversions. •. ••• •.• . • • • . 27 .Competition • • • • . • . 29 Parasites and Diseases..••..•• 32
STREAM FLOW STUDY • • • • • • • ...... 33 GAME RESOURCES...... 37 I Big Game • • • • • • • • . • • • • • .. • .. 41 Upland Game. • • • • • • • • • • • 45 Waterfowl. • • • • • • •• • •••.. 46 Furbearers • • •. ••• •• • • • • • • 47 Miscellaneous Wildlife . • • • • •.. 48 FISH AND WILDLIFE VALUES ••. 49 Harvest. • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . 49 Game Fish • • • • • 49 wildlife. • . • . • • • • . . . . 57 Recreation and Esthetics • • • 65
REFERENCES. • • ...... 66
I i . I
I .
iI . Table of Contents (continued)
TABLES
1. Estimated number of adult anadromous salmonids spawning in Deschutes Basin streams•••••••••.•• 2 2. Discharge compared for eastside and westside tributaries, 1950-1955 ••• 17 3. Wildlife habitat improvement in Crook, Deschutes, and Jefferson Counties, 1960-1968••••••.••••• 41 4. Upland game resources, Deschutes Basin 45 5. Furbearer resources, Deschutes Basin 47 6. Estimated annual sport harvest, angler days, and gross expenditures for angling, Deschutes Basin. •. ~...... 51 7. Resident salmonids and popular fishing waters, Deschutes Basin••.•••• 56 8. Estimated annual harvest, hunter-days, and gross expenditure for hunting, Deschutes Basin, 1970. • • • • • • • 58
I ' 9. Deer harvest, Deschutes Basin, 1964 I ~ 1970 • • • • • • • . . . • • G • 0 59 10. Elk harvest, Deschutes Basin, 1964 1970 • . . • • . ... . • • • . . .• 59 11. Antelope harvest, Deschutes Basin, 1966-1970. ••.• . . . • • . . •• 60 12. small game harvest, Deschutes Basin, 1966-1970. .••••.••.•• •• 61 13. Waterfowl harvest, Deschutes Basin, 1969 and 1970. •. .•• • • •• 63 14. Fur harvest, Deschutes Basin, 1966 1967 through 1969-1970 . . . . . •• 64 Table of Contents (continued)
FIGURES 1. Oregon drainage basins•••••••• vi
2. Chinook salmon distribution, Deschutes 3 Basin ...... 3. Stee1head distribution, Deschutes Basin ...... 4 4. Rainbow trout distribution, Deschutes Basin streams • • • • . • • • • • • • 5 5. Brown trout distribution, Deschutes Basin streams • • . • • • • • • • • • 6 6. Brook trout distribution, Deschutes Basin streams • • • . •••••• 7 Kokanee distribution, Deschutes Basin streams . CI C • • • • • • • • • • • • 8 8. Dolly Varden distribution, Deschutes Basin streams • • • • • • • • • • • • 9 9. Typical summer flow in a"westside tributary and an eastside tributary of comparable size • • • •.• • • • • • • 18 10 •. Mean monthly discharge, Crooked River at Post, Oregon, 1909-1960. • • • •• 19 11. Mean monthly discharge, Cu1tus Creek below Cu1tus Lake, 1951-1960. • • •• 20 12. Trout Creek near Wi11owda1e, Oregon. July 27, 1970 • . . . . • • • • • •• 21
13. Crooked River near Post, Orego~. August 27, 1970 •••..•••• . . 22 14. Comparative appearance of regulated flows in Crescent Creek below Crescent LaKe, (2 cfs), June 18,1969 and (90 cfs) JUly 11, 1969. • ...... •. 24
" II' Table of Contents (continued) FIGURES (continued) 15. Fish stranded after abrupt flow reduction in Crooked River below Prineville Reservoir. • • • . . • 25 16. Impassable falls on White River, near river mile 2. •••••••.•. •• 28 17. Comparative appearance of summer flows in Deschutes River above and below
BendG e • • Cl ••••••• CI • Cl •• 30 . \ 18. Comparat~ve appearance of summer flows in Squaw Creek above and below irrigation diversions . . • • • • • • 31
. I 19. Biologist recording water depths and velocities over spawning area • • • • 35 20. Graph used to deyelop optimum and minimum spawning flow recommendations 36
( 21. Comparative appearance of desirable -minimum spawning and rearing flows in Little Deschutes River at Crescent. • 38 22. Comparative appearance of desirable minimum spawning and rearing flows in . , Big Marsh Creek below ·Refrigerator I I Creek . . . . Cl •• CI.. ., • 39 23. Rearing, migration, and spawning periodicity of salmonids, Deschutes
Basin . ., . . . CI • • • •. <0 • • • •• 40 24. Deer winter ranges, Deschutes Basin. 43 25. Antelope winter ranges, Deschutes
Basin . • ...... 0 • • • • • 44 26. Percentage distribution by month of estimated steelhead sport catch, lower Deschutes River . • . . • . . . . •. 50 27. Percentage distribution by month of estimated chinook salmon sport catch, lower Deschutes River...... 52 28. Indian fishery on chinook salmon on Sherars Falls . . . • ...... • 53 29. Deschutes Basin streams support an 1 intensive sport fishery ...... 55 I I , I pJ Table of Contents (continued) APPENDICES
1. Recommended ~n~murn stream flows for fish life, Deschutes Basin. • • • •• 68 "2. Recommended optimum stream flows for fish life, Deschutes Basin. • • • •• 73 3. Miscellaneous flow and temperature measurements, Deschutes Basin, 1969 and 1970. • • • . • • •• •••• 78 4. Recommended angling flows for selected Deschutes .Basin streams • • • • • •• 126 5. Sections of selected Deschutes Basin streams which should be orotected for their esthetic value. . : • • • • •• 128 6. Some reservoir sites presently thought compatible with fishery resources, Deschutes Basin . . • . • • • • • •• 129 7. Values used to prepare Table 6 and 9 and parts of the text . • • • • • •• 130 8. . Game fish populations in Deschutes Basin lakes and reservoirs. • • • •• 131 9. Game fish distribution in Deschutes Basin streams . . • . . . • • • • •• 147 10. Oregon Game Commission fish libera tions, Deschutes Basin, 1965-1969 •• 155
v t'1g. 1 OREGON DRA---'JAGE BASINS
G005E AND 5UMMER LAKE () 12 KLAMATH 1:~ .~ 2 rf~") (\ OWYHEf \ ~ ,,-.r\
1'° _.~ . --"-" .....tt::._ --. _ " __•. __ 0. J'.Y .. INTRODUCTION
- Fish and ..wi.ld.life resources of theUeschutes Basin, their distribution, limiting factors, harvest,and water requirements are reviewed in this report. stream flow recommendations presented in Appendices 1 and 2 are specifically designed to meet the biological requirements of the basin's fish (pages ). Appendix 4 presents recommended flows to maintain recreational values on selected streams.
This report has been assembled primarily for the Oregon State Water Resources Board and is designed to facilitate the Board's effort to update the Deschutes water-use program.
Field stuides were conducted in 1969 and 1970 by Kenneth E. Thompson, Jim E. Lauman, and John D. Fortune, Jr. Monetary stream flow and temperature measurements compiled during the study are presented in Appendix 3. Advisory and docu mentary assistance was provided by Game Commission personnel
in the Deschutes Basin. Editorial reviews were made by
Game Commission biologists and Enviro~~ental Management supervisorY personnel. FISH RESOURCES
Inventory and Distriebution Game Fish
Deschutes Basin streams contain excellent salrnonid habitat and have some of Oregon's best trout populations. Hydro electric development on the Deschutes River has had an adverse impact on anadromous fish resources, but significant runs of salmon·and steelhead still use the system (Table 1). Salmon, steelhead, and trout distribution are shown in Figures 2-8 and Appendices 8 and 9.
(" Table 1. Estimated number of adult anadromous salmonids . spawning in Deschutes Basin streams !/ Chinook Steelhead Spring Summer Fall 8,750 4,250 8,010 30,000
!/ Estimates by Oregon Game Commission biologists.
Chinook salmon and steelhead trout use the Deschutes River system below Portland General Electric Company's Pelton
Project. T~re are three races of chinook salmon: spring, summer, anf fall. The summer run is the smallest in number (Table 1)." Chinook enter the Deschutes River during late spring and summer and spawn during late summer and early fall (Fig. 2 and 23). . \\' AS" N G TON ,.,-;'.
J.A_t'Cf'hlll.'-;;:-;'~:"""'\~1~/- ...... !<::. ~q' '\, Mo~;' v ,~, '1 .... oWuco ~ ( \. ,~ ~~
~c..,. . ERMAN! { r \ '"\ ---,r-f ~-- .~ '(, --) , \ WHEELER I I j I .\ I
I '-.. GRA' HARNEY Fig. 2 Chinook salmon distribution ~~:..:-:~--..-: / SUBBAS/"S STATE WATER RESOURCES ! 1 VPPlil( DESO/lITEJ 2 .\111)/)1./: IlI,S"Il'TH BOARD 3 I.OU 'lil( VF-SO/l.'Tn 4 IJPPEI( (ROOl:.F.D 5 LOII"EI( CROOl:.ED DESCHUTES BASIN MAP NC 5. ~ W A I I I HOOD I i r' RIVER 'I j I .... I I I I I j I ..,. I J HAR~EY I Fig. 3 Steelhead distribution I / SIJlj/IA.\/S~ STATE WATER RESOURCES I J upnH v/:scI/U"fn 2 /111001.( VESCH(jl'£5 BOARD 3 I.OU'tR OF.SCI/UTES 4 CPPfR OWOI;I'O 5 I.IIU·J:I( UWOI;U' DESCHUTES BASIN MAP 1"0 5 2 WAS II ~. , ~ \ HOOD I r-' '\ RIVER 'I --.~ ~. . , ' I ., i I "I. HARNEyl Fig. 4 Rainbow distribution SIIBHASINS ( I /11'1'1,11 "'..\(1111""',\ STATE WATER RESOURCES 2 ,\1101)1.£ VESCI/UTfS BOARD 3 UI""fR DF.SCHI'TES 4 I'PPI'II CII(lO"l'I) 5 /.(11/ /ill CHIlO""" DESCHUTES BASIN MAP NO 5.2 WAS " N G T 0 I HOOD I, r-' RIVER 'I I WHEELER ( ',0" HARNEY Fig. 5 Brown trout distribution ...... --=". - -:- r SV1J/lA~/NS STATE WATER RESOURCES /' I "rr'l J< /lI..\C/l1 TI'S 2 .111/)/11.1; IJHUIUTI,~ BOARD 3 I."II'I.K IJt:SClIlITH 4 I:Prl:K CRO"I([IJ 5 VJP"I,R CKOOl([D DESCHUTES BASIN MAP NO.5 2 WAS II N G TON ~~ I ~ I , HOOD 1 ' 'I.. --,"\. RIVER " I I j I I I GAA"lTI I HA~I\;EY Fig. 6 Brook trout distribution • J- --~ ~"UlIAW'''S ( I I'PPI'I( Dt.Klluns STATE WATER RESOURCES 2 ,\tll)/)/,1: n(;,K/II'T/'S BOARD :l ,,,,niH IJL\411l:11::\ 4 I"/'PI,I( (,I(,W/i 1:0 5 l,nllDI CJlOO/iU) DESCHUTES BASIN MAP NO 5 2 I I I j GR.a.NTI I I HAR."JEY I Fig. 7 Kokanee distribution , S'·/W ..H/NS STATE WATER RESOURCES I I /;PPUI IJHClIIITf:S 2 \1I1J1J11; tJl;H·III"n~' BOARD :1 'lin Iii" /11\1111111.\ ·1 ""/'1 H (HtJllt-/.1J 5 l.tJlf·hH I:HOOK/'IJ DESCHUTES BASIN MAP NO 52 W i\ S II N (; T (I N , ,- ~ ,<:}~, :~!:==' ',,/, f//( I'tl'.!---A. \ -.....:.:.:..::..---...... "... /, lAO, '_:"'. ;o:J-. 0.,., ~ 1 .r:~ ~"- '§.:J . '\. 5:" >An;'''' , ',', '7 CI .... l:J..W.,co ...... HOOD f\I Tho 0.11.. n. .., :... I r ~ RIVER .; . c;--:: I ERMAN!'('-'''-. "., { r \ ~\ ,_J ---,r- " { I (~ --~ , \ WHEELER I I I J I I I I GRA~TI I I I I J HARNEY I Fig. 8 Dolly Varden distribution ~!'!( ~-...... --."" ---',' ,~I,·/lIIASI ....'S STATE WATER RESOURCES / I /;PPllI IJOUI/.'Tn 2 ..\"11'" r OJ \( Ifln " BOARD :I /flU '" 1)1 't III· 1/ \ 4 (.. I'PUt (N"I/"-'.J) 5 I.OI¥'I'I1 (N(H,,,,,,) DESCHUTES BASIN MAP NO 5 2 Steelhead in the Deschutes River system are entirely summer run fish. Adult fish remain in freshwater 6 to 8 months before spawning in the main stem and many tributaries. Rainbow trout are the most widely distributed game fish (Fig. 4). Best populations occur in reservoirs, larger lakes, and the Deschutes and lower Crooked River. "Exclusion from suitable habitat is generally the result of selective fish liberations. Rainbow comprise the majority of fish stocked, accounting fo in the Deschutes Basin from 1965 through 1969 (App. 10). Brown trout are distributed throughout the Deschutes River ( below Crane Prairie Reservoir. Best popUlations occur upstream from Bend, the Little Deschutes River system, and Suttle and East Lakes. Brown Trout are rare in Crooked River, Warm Springs River, and White River systems (Fig. 5) • Brook trout inhabit most high elevation lakes and cool headwater streams. Scattered populations exist in Crooked, White and Metolius River systems (Fig. 6). Lake trout, Atlantic salmon, golden trout, kokanee, and coho salmon in the Deschutes River occur principally in lakes and reservoirs, although there is a population of kokanee- in the Deschutes River between Wickiup Dam and Bend (Fig. 7). This is unusual for kokanee since they 10 have not demonstrated this adaptation in other Oregon, ( waters. :!.!.o..' a4c./1 Lk.. . Dolly Varden are found primarily in the Warm Springs and Metolius River systems (Fig. 8). Cutthroat trout have a distribution limited to some headwater tributaries of White River and a few high elevation lakes. . ~ I Whitefish are widespread and probably the basin's most abundant game fish. White and Crooked River systems are the only major tributaries with few whitefish. Warm-water game fish occur in private ponds and lower 'elevation lakes and streams. The more common species include: . largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, crappie, sunfish, and brown bullhead. Nongame Fish Nongame or "rough fish ll are abundanptI throughout most of the basin. They are absent only in areas which have recently been chemically treated and 'in some streams and lakes which are isolated from the main stream system. When nongame fish become over popUlated, chemical treat ment is often required to reduce their numbers and restore less competitive environment for game fish. Roach, suckers, and squawfish are the nongame species most competitive with game fish. Roach are found primarily in /1 lakes and low gradient streams above Bend, while suckers and squawfish are most abundant below Bend. ...,,..:' Dace and cottids are widely distributed. However, they are less competitive with salmonids than are other rough fish. Other species listed in order of importance are chiselmouth, lamprey, carp, and goldfish. Biological Requirements of Stream Dwelling Salrnonids A stream must have certain ?hysical characteristics and provide water of adequate quantity and quality to support a population of fish. These biological requirements are for anadromous and resident salmonid species. Habitat Preferences Species of salmonids differ in their requirements or preferences for stream habit. Some are best adapted to riffles, while others use pools extensively. Best over all production is achieved with a balanced combination of riffles and pools. In a reach of a given gradient, the discharge that creates a strong flowing riffle situation would not be suitable for a quiet-water fish. Conservely, a small flow that reduces the stream to a series of pools, virtually eliminates habitat for riffle dwellers. These factors must be considered in determining stream flows that provide habitat best suited for various fish species. /~ " Spawning ,/ Salmonids spawn in gravel which normally ragnes bet~~en one-eighth inch ansVsix inches in diameter. A direct ~ - relationship exists between fish size and gravel size selected for spawning/ Gravel must be relatively free of sand and silt, and no seriously compacted. These materials create adverse conditions for eggs and fry by impeding intra-gravel flows which result in decreased supplies of dissolved oxygen for respiration. Large amounts of fine material ~ also reduce survival of fry by filling the gravel inerstices thus blocking thi~r emergence from the spawning bed. Adequate gravel depth is necessary for the female fish to construct a redd. Redd depths may vary from approximately p.2 foot to 1.3 feet deep+ The average depths, however, are ~foot for trout and landlocked salmon an~oot for.anadromous species. Suitable water temperatures for spawning range from about ~ to 55 0 ~ Temperatures outside these limits cause excessive loss of viable eggs. Most salmonid eggs hatch in about two months and the fry emerge from the gravel about a month later. This is controlled primarily by prevailing water temperatures. Eggs hatch more quickly in warmer water. Dissolved oxygen requirements for egg survival is higher (8 ppm) than for fish after hatching (5 ppm). To meet /3 the greater oxygen demand of eggs, clean permeable gravel is required to insure adequate flow of intra-gravel water. {;t •. " Biologists have made numerous measurements of water depth and velocity over salmonid redds. From these measurements, criteria have been determined for proper spawning conditions. Minimum water depth is 0.6 foot for most salmonids, but may be as shallow as 0.4 foot for small fish and as deep as 0.8 foot for chinook salmon. Proper water velocities for spawning range between 1.0 and 3.0 feet per second. Rearing Resident salmonids spend all of their life in freshwater. ( Anadromo~s species migrate to the ocean after spending up to three years 'in freshwater. The most critical time in the freshwater life of salmonids' is the low flow period, commonly referred to as the rearing period. Low flows usually occur during summer and fall. However, lowest flows can occur between reservoirs in the winter and spring when water is being impounded. Low flows may also coincide with prolonged freezing weather. To support salmonids during these periods, a stream must contain sufficient flow to provide food, shelter, and a suitable medium in which to live. / .-.<' Food: Salmonids feed primarily on aquatic insects, but large fish ingest other food items such as crayfish and other fish. Most aquatic insects are produced in /1-/ ,. riffle areas, particularly those composed 6f large gravel or rubble. Clean, well-aerated water flowing over these areas is necess.ary to maintain tl1~,J3e food forms. Shelter: Fish need shelter to avoid stress, especially when frightened or disturbed. Such places may be found within riffles, under cut-banks, behind submerged logs or large boulders, or in deeper pools. Suitable medium: Good rearing water is high in dissolved oxygen (above 5 ppm), with temperatures not exceeding 65° F.for extended periods, low in turbidity, and not greatly acidic or alkaline. High water tempera ture contributes to mortality simply by exceeding the tolerance of salmonids. Water loses its capacity to hold dissolved oxygen as its temperature increases, yet the metabolic rate and resultant oxygen requirement of fish increases at higher temperatures. In addition, water temperatures above optimum for salmonids are often ideal for competing species of undesirable fish and fish diseases. Turbid waters generally cause greater damage to fish habitat than to fish, primarily by silting food-producing and spawning areas~ Heavy silt loads, however, can injure gills and other tender structures and result in actual mortalities. Water highly·acidic or alkaline interferes with the physiology of fish. Adequate stream flow plays a vital part in meeting each of the three basic rearing requirements. Without adequate IS/' I, I " "\ ' " \' - \ flow, any or all of the conditions may be seriously limited and result in substantially decreased fish pro duction. Passage Most salmonids either rear in streams and migrate to head water areas to spawn, or live in lakes or the ocean and migrate into streams to spawn. As upstreavimigrants, fish require a portion of the stream cross-section with suffi cient depth so passage will not be impeded. Recommended minimum depths for passage are 0.6 foot for most species, 0.4 foot for small resident salmonids, and 0.8 foot for chinook salmon. Fish require adequate stream depths for normal intra stream movement. Riffles are used extensively for feeding and for movement between pools. Minimum depths required over riffle areas vary with the size of fish inhabiting the stream. In small streams, a minimum depth of 0.1 foot in a portion of the channel may be adequate. In larger streams, which typically support larger fish, minimum depths up to 0.6 foot over riffles may be required. _ Recommendations for minimum flows are based on a know ledge of the salmonid population and its habitat require ments. /fp Factors Affecting Fish Resources Water Availability '~':-. Deschutes Basin streams have a wide variety of flow patterns and water supplies. Streams which originate high in the Cascades generally have excellent water supplies, while streams draining the more arid eastside have summer flows which are marginal or insufficient for game fish (Fig. 9 and Table 2). "_ i I.' '~'." ( . . Table 2. D~scharge compared for eastside and wests~de tributaries, 1950-1955 Beaver Cr. at Paulina 450 79,064 176 N. Fk. Crooked R. abo~le Deep Cr. 159 77,038 484 Most streams reach peak discharge in late spring and lowest flow in late summer. However, some streams flow least during the winter and certain spring fed streams maintain nearly uniform flows (Fig. 10 & 11 and App. 3). 17 .- I -! .. J ; L. '-r I r _. .,1 ~' ... .. ~ ," ",'# ~ .... '.J" . ,.. · _ e :. _ . " " j •. ,Of', ',.. (~ .. t. , " ' . ' "I: 4..:,: w':: ..1liI I . J~ : ..~ - ...... :.~ I. I ; , _.~ : .. • to l ...•. i-' '. I . I · . i I T :- r T·1··,.,-- :_ ...... ,. -- -T ! I : ; r ., .., .J .. :. ' ... () . !...... -.. ( ..! 'j" ,.. . , o ·.1 I \J , I :J :! :. ... : , c:r' 'j .;. . I ~ , rI .. ...1..~, -.. t _ :.~ .... , ! L_I~""':""'. -- . i ... i· . _J ,/rt t. . 1 I , I .. "/ ; , ~- .~ -.-: I l _.' .", '~.J.:"~" ..... •• I / " (. , :" "'. I ·1 I' I . ! ;2LJ I . i I /-~_._~.~:._._--_._. --_.-.- ---'-l .j . j I I I i "r , ,I , I ! i I ,.. . . ._..-_.._ -.. -. .-. _ _- -- r I - -. r~ - ; -j- _. r i 'xc' r-I r···· ~- __. .1. .•_ ....i.ifo-•. I j "Tj I --!-.,.+ .• _--. -;,'! T-:-l-··- :'" .. -....., - - ,. _J_:. " 1--· ;.- , , . -r- . i J __...... _ f-~--- -'1- ..:~:-.~ - 1 -, -- j' '1 . ,...~ r"-r"--: - , .~ r'" r'" i ..••. ',- ... C I I' ~ i I. ._-_ ... _.-.. ."':-...._~ .~-~:~~+-- ; , - , / .• , y., .,.. f" ~ _ .._•• -:-;. _; -,'j.-'! L ; ( -r -'.-.-: + ,_...... , -; -- t --,. ...- -J.- 1_ • t " I --1'-;.-.". .. .J:-'i-'/ I ••• , "'.\ _·~-- ..t· ~-~._- , i ~- -i - ~- i" .-: .' ,.. 1 ~_. -~ I i /; ---( -" .-.__ .';:1 ;.. j.I ,II '••:0-. (" . "": ,,1"" C -, ~ c c ) , ~ . t-- -;;.u ....."'" eo ... f' Q ..... =- a .... - .. ". ~Q'" .'!oj.' C ,,\ -\: u .. <' ., ._---~. F''f"Cd~lO l\ ) ,i- '-"7\ -, -t- -, 4 -. ....I 9P:€~- ...~ Low flow constitutes the most critical water quantity problem for fish life. Natural low flow in many eastside tributaries is marginal or unsuitable for salmonids. Water diversions have compounded the- effects of low flows in many streams (Fig. 12 and 13). /rtti / Regulated flows below reservoirs may also be detrimental tosalrnonids. Summer releases below such reservoirs .", '~_~~"$o.'.'" ". ,.... ,, nroarnily are adequate for fish life. However, low flows during the storage period are often below those required . , to maintain a desirable fish population (Fig. 14). When regulated flows are significantly reduced, measures Should~' be taken to minimize fish and aquatic insect mortality (Fig. 15). Water Quality The most common water quality problem forsalmonids is excessive temperature (Biological Requirements). Water either too cool or too warm is frequently encountered I{ ~App. 3)~ Stream temperatures over 65° F are typical during the summer in eastside tributaries and in the White River system. Streams most seriously affected are those with low, summer flow. '. /. Excessively low water frequently occur during the winter and all year in some streams. Many high elevation streams experience anchor ice and 32° F water. These...... streams, such._as_-!::ributaries of Sparks Lake, Snow Creek, Trapper -- _.------_----::...... _--:-----:..._----~---=..;;~- Cre~k,-upper_Squ~w Creek, and much of the Metolius River ---- ...... - system~intain_temp~katures too cool for good salrnonid gr~th (Biological Requirements). Most of these streams are populated by small resident trout and are used by larger fish only for spawning. However, temperatures ,-- .. --1 T I i ...... ,.".;. .,, " .. ~ ~ '--+: \-;'). ., ~"", ...... ~ ;. to '-.l '-" .... 'oJ -..,J •• .J.. V Y'~'C -~ I ~ .~) ~ . I. ", ;..,.'" ~ '"_ti }) " .'J" , t ··U.~ .... ------.~ .. -1" '-'. --r'r -I ~: I ~-.l) >-.. _._ • I \~ ...... "":'~ __ . -..L...--,..-. .J. _ ...... ,.._. ~h I • '\,.;" ~" .. --.... ,-_; ,_1 •. ) .. i . ~ I.;' ~!i L -..., (; \:i .... '.J _.,.. • .,...,a.-~ ".) t ,', -r >: ;; ... ~ U"~'" '":"': ~ ,t.. '-' • '-.J -'1 v '-J ~ I l!' I j j -' I,, .,. - .,J J , - "1 -'\ ...-.__. --._- ...... ~ '-1 . . I _, ~ . .' .. I j -l .. -,\'~,. ~ . J • _ .. t, -+, '-" ~< ", .•_.....io-_ ., .. _ ... L.. t i . ..I . I t '" :-. , •••,:. . ~ : + ... ~. - ~._~ ... .( , . ~ :: i, '. -1",--- t._ : ••_0 ~ .\ . t:. .. ; t ._ ..._- ~- - -~ ~ :'., .. 'f '~ j . r .~- ..... ! ..F '.i.. . .-t" /. --. -I i .. ., -r:.) ~ - I \ ~:.' :J.I~ :''1 . , oJ. below 42 0 F often reduce the hatching success of salmonid eggs. Salmonids are adversely affected when dissolved oxygen concentrations fall below 5 ppm. Three parts per million is considered the lethal limit (Biological Requirements). Dissolved oxygen deficiencies are common in potholed streams and warm, shallow lakes during·sununer. These .deficiencies are the result of warm waters inadility to retain oxygen and a large oxygen demand by decomposing organic material. Oxygen shortages become critical during winter when ice and snow COver lakes 'for extended periods. This cover reduces the amount of sunlight available to oxygen producing organisms, but biological uses continue, hence the oxygen levels decline. . ~ r, Silt in Deschutes Basin streams is primarily the result of natural erosion. Eastside streams, which drain the more sparsely vegetated areas, carry heavy silt loads during periods of rapid runoff. ~~ite and Whitewater Rivers are severely affected during the summer by glacial sand and silt which cause them to appear milky. These streams, combined with irrigation returns near Madras deposit much silt in the lower Deschutes River. Periodic flushing flows would be desirable in this section of the river to clean silt deposits from gravel bars. Pollution is not yet a serious problem to fish life in the basin. However, as the area's population increases ~0. and industries expand, competent planning will be required to avoid pollution problemso Barriers Anadromous fish have been eliminated from the Deschutes River system above river mile -100 by the Round Butte Pelt~n Dam complex (Fig. 2 and 3). Before these facilities were built, anadromous fish spawned in Crooked and Metolius River systems, Squaw Creek, and the Deschutes River below Big Falls. Big Falls at river mile 132 historically marked the upper limit of anadromous fish runs. Prineville Dam on Crooked River and Ochoco Dam on Ochoco Creek are complete barriers to upstream fish migrations. ( Sherars Falls on the Deschutes River at mile 44 is laddered, but at certain flows, upstream fish passage is marginal. White River Falls at mile 2 precludes upstream use by salmon and steelhead (Fig. 16)0 Logging debris and beaver dams par~ially block fish runs in much of the Warm Springs River system. Numerous man-made and natural barriers block upstream migration of resident game fish, but their impact is not . significant. Diversions Diversions, primarily for irrigation, are common. Their impact is primarily dewatering stream courses, but fish r21 I ~'~-~.~. , . I ~-_ I . ..*. c' -l""~"....; i oJ I ~ ··~r ,. , . I .'\.-...... r--. :: ... !....., .. r I j _. t •. ! , .. .,-~ -. . L .' '1-" I i I ,i I I t , .. -4--.. I ·-t 1 ...... , I , ,-..... ~.:j .~~ I ) .~. i,. . .:.. .~ '. . , r I.' i" . I r I "~r ._.,...... ; _., .,4 . , t -+ i. _..; .. +- 1 -~ ..• .... I : ' •• 1 .. ,.~--,._. '1 '-,' - .• _ .•..- -1 I I ·t-,~-1O'f ~ J_'-;-~---T'. i i. ,. , _. - 1_.'; -r - .... -- 1--1- ...--t - , t··· !' I ., I ... ~ J.:, " I : .- ' .. _. " .;. • _ .. _:~'- ~.- -r- -. - .. - ~-~.~ -j:~:l~j.'~:-.,:' I ., -- -'1'-+' losses do occur when diversions are dried. Diversions on the Deschutes Rive~ near Bend create a prime example of stream course dewatering. Mean discharge· of the Deschutes River in May through September (1966-68) was approximately 2,050 cfs at Benham Falls and 33 cfs below the diversions (Fig. 17). Squaw Creek is also adversely affected by diversions. Summer flow in Squaw Creek above the diversions is seldom below SO cfs, but at Sisters the stream is nearly dry (Fig. 18 and App. 3). There are many other diversions which dewater streams and render them unproductive for salmonids. When the diversions are dewatered in the fall, many game fish c become stranded. Installation and maintenance of properly designed fish. screens or grates could markedly reduce this problem. \ r. {i "': \ ...... \ . Competition competition by rough fish is a major factor limiting game fish populations. Nongame species can nearly eliminate salrnonids by occupying available living space and cropping food supplies. These fish are more tolerant of warm water and low dissolved oxygen concentrations. Therefore, they have greater impact on salrnonids during summer months when warm, low flows occur. Adequate stream flows should be maintained to create conditions compatible for game fish. .. - -'j-~, ~ _~ i I' -~'-' ..~ - .... ;,.._-- ... _.. - . 1 t" ~l .... .,..-.i._ _. i=,·_·-=J-~-'-l-·L=-4--=.'.L_--t-- - L ..T.,~~ I =~~':-l..Jj~-·-~~ 1 ~ I "[+'-+-:' r __-:- , "'--+-''T'' . . -_. ~'1' ( .. _-.; ~:"'" ...... :.: ," ','-', ... ·'1 "_ ... I ) ! . " .. } .... '0-:- .. ._~. ,I .~ ~ . l ~.:=' ~ ",2,,,~~ ~ .•• :l C1 ~.,- ~ _. .. '-' -r'~''''' "r ~-<:." : I ~ " .. •__I . .;'J.. ~k .... '1'"• 'I.L.. '. _...,., :1.... F . ·l' :. _~,:... LJ _~. j-'T .... '-I "l .. T-'''-''~ , I I ; .•1 I .~-; ~ ~t " '0 '_!-':-"-r -·t ,. : .. ;::s ~ . 'I 1--4-.:.. ;;...... ~-t.; -~._. --: '~,3 .... _-~' "-T I ~'t ' .. ; 'r;, : ~'" 'U ..". ,[ , , ., \! I .... ' ..... ,~ , o.~-, ~ ..•. '", I r u ~a .. ;. '. . ~- '. t"""· -. -'T-- .---.- L- ;.::~'W;+T~£?;;iJ:'~ .~)". . ~ .... 1. . . l' \ - J --'.. 'j';,. 'J ..:..:.)...I . .'r, _, .•.. ~-r--..~'=1, __ .jo~ :'.' _', . •. ~~~:P - ; - ._..:.j.,.. _.1 _ _._J. . .. ~ .. . .--~. i 1- -i I ~--- . •. .... - -.._I .. -~rL ~ -~ c:t...... -:- +- ' -I' , - 1 ! .,' .1':" :" \' ··.L'r I . -.~ - $0-' . ~~ ~ L. l".' - c,1;Io:" I ~"\. - • I • .i.. _ "~"r ._; .~ i _..1._-;.. _. __ ._ .. -- -_. -- ._._. .., _ ..t . i. •• _ I.· I ~",,!,-. .\ .__. . " '., .. --- -t-. .L _ "., _...... ('. '" .'" ...... ,..... ~ i __ 1_•• _ ....,,*." , \. ... I - ~.;~-" .. v ...-.\_...... , .. _.... ~ ~ I I • .. --'_:..:.1.~_ -j-•• - ... L J. I. r "'1) i , ,.~ l"":. '. .~..... 1 .. ~ ( , !., ~ r '. ,/ ...... =-. - ....._., " -t '-~ ... ..;:. ~ ...... r-> ••• ..i. •• • :.. u ~ ,; J .~ - , .. ~ I i .- '''-,-f _ •. ....; - -t. _. -Ii. . .,. \t' ...: j .'I-t ,.' J.. ~-I:"+"',I • _ ,"0' " . ~ I I I .' I' f' II I -----_... • J ~I. - f - . -I ~. " -;.". ,. .1 -. .--'- .• 1 r ~_ ..... L_ I. -~[. ~- I ..J-- .•-._, .-.. , . 3/ I 'r" · \ ."\ ).', I' , " ./ \ Game fish compete with one another for food, living space, ( and spawning gravel. Cultus River, for example, serves as the spawning ground for brook trout, whitefish and two runs of kokanee. Spawning takes place in a two-month period with each succeeding run destroying some redds of the previous run. Intra-specific competition for spawning gravel occurs in several streams where spawning fish i concentrate in a restricted area. . .~ ~ ,.' /"" " .."\ '" The competition between whitefish and other salmonids for food and living space is significant in several streams. Large populations of whitefish limit the abundance of more desirable game fish. ( Parasites and Diseases Parasites and diseases are most prevalent in rainbow trout stocked in warmer waters. The rainbow in Round Butte and Pelton Reservoirs are frequently infested with tapeworms. These parasites live in the intestinal tract and, when abundant, seriously injure visceral organs. Ceratomyxa is the principal disease affecting rainbow popUlations in the lower Deschutes River, Round Butte Reservoir, and Pelton Reservoir. " "' I . , I .. STREAM FLOW STUDY Studies to determine stream flow requirements of _game -,- fish in the Deschutes Basin were conducted in 1969 and 1970. The principal products are minimum and optimum stream flow recommendations presented in A9pendices 1 and 2. Minimum flow recommendations are designed to accoa~odate the minimum biological requirements of fish (pages thru and Fig. 23). However, they are substantially less productive for game fish than the stream course is potentially capable of supporting. Optimum flows in Appendix 2 are designed to achieve optimum production of fish. Some aspects of stream productivity not currently understood may require.future adjustments in these flow recommendations. Recommended optimum flows generally are much higher than natural summer flows. Recommended stream flows are designed principally to accommodate salmonids because they ~eceive primary manage ment emphasis by Oregon's fishery agencies...... :' 'w/ , i .0('" \ .' , Recommended flow regimens, although based on the biological requirements of salmonids, do not consider some significant effects of natural stream flows. High flows are b~iev.ed- necessary to stimulate upstream migration of adult salmon and steelheadand to remove silt which settles into spawn \ . \ /", . ( ing gravel during low discharge periods. However, because ; these effects are not thoroughly understood, natural peak ~.:;. 01: __, flow regimen during winter and spring have not been recommended at this time. Standard depth and velocity. criteria were applied to assure· spawning flaw recommendations commensurate with biological requirements. Cross-sections were locted and marked on representative gravel bars used by spawning fish (Fig. 19). Measurements of water depths and velocities at various flows reveal the relationship between stream discharge and spawning habitat (Fig. 20). Flows which render. maximum stream area suitable for spawning are defined as optimum. Those flows which make maximum efficient use of the water for spawning are minimums. Minimum spawning flows deter mined in this manner, although low compared to most naturally occurring flows during the spawning season, will be sufficient to accommodate the biological requirements of fish. stream flows recommended for passage of adult fish migrating to spawning beds are the flows required for physical move- mente Flows needed to stimulate upstream movement may be considerably greater. i. Flows recommended for the rearinq period are desi~ned to provide suitable food, shelter, and water quality conditions (Biological Requirements, pages ). Another ", I i- I _.~.,..,.. . I ..... - ---'-·-·.,.....l·~ . ~ ,- -. ~ - ... . ."'(0...... ,~.'., I I. '1/ > 0 .. ~. .. -.;:: ~ '-'... ~ ~ ~ ,... ~~_... iU '-'; l I ._ F ~ G -or" - "". -;; ~ ...... ,; --V ~ -0 ,~.. - ...... --- ~- i .. ~-- -l. _! ...,...- I I ; ,- I <'I. __ L ..-i_: -L _~_ ___ ; I I f)"' -r ':... -, .-; ~ . r", . .. ( .1 __ .. 0_. -~ _ I -0 rt-- r /: l... Q ~-~ --,--.;~., ,~·l OJ ","-_...J...J"'4--r._+.~;r-_'r-.:.:r'--i{_-+'_":"'-:-7-_":"'_------; --~-~, ... -_._-, .. , . ~.-.~- i -- i--!-' ..... -r . 'r-'-r . I .-'- '-:+' -- .... ~_. r - i-: --; _L _ : __ :'r" --,. f ...:.,: I ::~ - TO ____.~ r._ i , I .~ , -+ --r ,- . " . -. ... f. . ( . i.-!I". ".... · i .' , t important consideration was intra-stream movement of fish during the rearing periodo Once the flow requirement is determined for all biological activities of each salmonid species in a stream, a recommended perennial stream flow regimen is assembled. During any given period, the flow recommended is that which accommodates the biological activity requiring the highest flow (Figs. 21, 22, and 23). .._.. :' ,I .... .'" '... ( GAME RESOURCES Diversity is the word which best describes the game resources of the Deschutes Basin. Several species such as deer, mourning dove, and coyote are found throughout the basin, while others, with more restrictive habitat tolerances, are found only in localized areas. Water supplies are generally adequate for wildlife on the west side of the basin. This cannot be said of the more arid east side where the abundance and distribution of several species is limited by water shortages. The Game Commission has conducted much wildlife habitat improvement work in this area (Table 3). . I,.1 , ,---'-.-+ -+ - i ~ ~ -. r~~_t~~" - . ~ ;~- ';' t I _ f' -'-.. :.J ....:.;.. -~ ~ ; I ! ,./ (.~. ~ ,7-:-;r-~ r'l-c- r -t- I I - .. ''1 . <::l :, ~. -..A -- <'lI. V I ... ., t":'> .~ u ~ '\ -,.. -. \ , "\ <: -.., ~- ... ." ~ 'J.. ('-- ":?, 'J t:::l. ,:, - . ~ .... ) -1') f ~ ~ ': -... .. -.... ~ ,,.-. ~. U .... <. ;.> .. ...~ --. II _. .... I '. "t .. I '-~ ~ ... .., ) " "> I u I- " ...; -.:J .) '" .,.. '., " :~ ~ "i - r ,~.,., ... ~- .... i , . ~ ~ '-j ,..,. j ~.~ \\ f '-' '-.. ... ''F . " i. -. ' U .... ' " ':': .. -".". I· . .~" ~~- ~, '.,j ~. ~ .. " ,., I ,~ .. ,r ~ ~ .~.. OJ '$ <:l..." U <>-. ot u. 'r ~ -1' .. ~ , <". , .~. 'r _...._.:!.- . u ~~ .> ...... -'(S. .. ~ .\~ ,,~ ""- f: ~ ... ~ ~ ~ .,...... ~ ~ ~' ~, VI .-:. • -~ '\ .- ~ j I , - - .. -: -_.....- ~ l' ._l. i-' : If.. I .: ... -_._jP_'-- -r--+ -+ ." 1. : 1 .' I 1 ~ ...- 1- -+- ---'--.. -:.. _:. ~- .• r- ._--,r ------" . t I I -:-j -..:..~ -;..-.. ; ._-., ',1" r(.• l". ~. " ~-' L I ~J '-0 (, I r .-... r . r I .! . .... ~ .... 'u I" i· ,-:-1 ~. l.~ I.,. • I I. ' ~:. i 1 . f' .- , +- .. 1· - -'.---''' .~~.- '1~- I . "'1~~t-l~: --r""- i ; ..... -., ~:~. ,' I ···, .,.~ .... I~ . 'j T .j... ·t c • ~ ; , ~ ~ I ..,.~..:~. =-- ,.,..,.. ~- ~.. ~.~ . ..;~. '. ~ .. : /.., '~\.oJ"'t.~ ." • .. -;._. :!·t" . ~~.'. '; ".. ,.( ~ t . rI . 0: . ',' ~("1' l'~ '-J) ,,,,-,:-~.i >, ,:' :~:..; _. -\I. "" , .; ... .- ,"l I ~ ! .~.Jr,).••'" . r- u ~~;·t ._ ~ ~ ~ ~....! . .. -. '.~ --,- _V'..~ , '. ' ~. 'J"~,I" '- \ ~.,.!'I ._, .. -"..-,. - r..., .... or • ':~-I f~. ~'.-~I T .- --.- ~"t~ .' t ' ··~~.:;h.~·~. 1 _.. -- -! I~:";.·. ,":~ \ ~'-:'" .. 0' I ! I' ~ ,. I I" j iI J~l" ":""t'~ -I - -;, • • ., '-l" ---!- - 1 £.-.-'-.....:1':--.~. ·~·l· Chinook solmon ~ - - t - Coho salmon - - -r- - Steelheod trout to ...... " " " " " - · .. . . . - - - r- - Rainbow trout ...... _. · " " " " • • It" " " " It .. 0 . " • " IJ " • . .. " " " " It • " Cutthroat throut t- " " " (I" • " " • • D • " • ~ - - . .. • " " eo .• eo " " 0'" " " " . " ~ Brook trout ·.... ·.... " " " " " ... " " " " " " IJ 0 • It • . · · . .. . . ·.... ' - :...... Brown trout ·.... " " " " " " " ·.. . ·...... ·.... e " ••• . , Dolly vardon " " " " • • • • • It ·.... ·.... " " " .. . " ...... ~ _. · . · . " " . " ~ /~.. Atlantic solman " ·\ .. ·.... ·...... • ••• I> " .... " " .... ·.... r - Kokanee '\ - ~3 Fig. Rearing, migration, and ~pownin9 periodicity of salmanids, Deschutes Basin. ( Dotted lines indicate presence of adult fish in the streams. Dashed lines indicate migration. Spawning occurs where indicated by a solid line.) .-...... " , ~., , .: - Table 13. Wildlife habitat improvement in Crook, Deschutes, and Jefferson Counties, 1960-1968 -'f':«:-'.. Big game range Shrub Herbaceous Water projects County plantings seedings developments (acres) Big Upland Bitter Acres Acres Game Game brush Others Crook 64 302 2 3,164 3,425 Deschutes 14 120 46 2 464 307 Jefferson 35 42 3 40 81 ,.•,:., I '....\ ,.: " - \ Big Game I Deer are the most numerous a~d widespread big game animal. Lesser populations of elk, pronghorn antelope, black bear, and cougar are also present. Existing water supplies generally are adequate to maintain desirable populations. However, better distribution of deer and antelope could be achieved in the eastern portion of the basin with development of dependable water supplies. Deer populations are found throughout much of the basin. Lowest population levels occur in sage and juniper areas outside the forests and in semi-desert lands near Millican, Brothers, and Hampton. Black-tailed deer occupy the Wnite River drainage while mule deer reside in the remainder of the watershed. Summer ranges are generally mountainous while winter ranges occur at lower elevations (Fig. 24). Roosevelt elk are found in the Cascade Mountains, and are most abundant in the White River system. Rocky Mountain elk inhabit the higher ~levations o£ the Ochoco, Maury, and Paulina Mountains. Elk winter ranges coincide with the upper elevations of deer winter ranges (Fig. 24). Elk populations in the White River system are steadily increasing with landowner tolerance having considerable bearing on the management of these animals. Populations in the Ochoco Mountains have remained relatively stable; however, modest increases in herd size are expected. Modest numbers of pronghorn antelope reside in the south eastern portion of the basin (Fig. 25). Water can be a limiting factor for these animals in dry years, especially in areas without streams. Black bear and cougar are scattered throughout the mountainous areas, but are not abundant. Large reservoirs which block migration routes or inundate winter range force big game animals to winter at higher e1 evat~ons. where snow ~rr. .ldeep and food scarce, t hus compounding the effects of winter. Prineville Reservoir, which inundates portions of two deer winter ranges, is an example of this problem. Water development planning should consider winter ranges when selecting future reservoir sites. , I \\' AS II N G T () N HOOD / RIVER Ne. Noocl co. HARNEY Fig. 25 Antelope Winter Ranges I' STATE WATER RESOURCES / I '''N°//{ /H\( IIfO/\ 2 \1'"'''' IJI\' 111111\ BOARD :1 I (III J H /)/ \( /lIn 1.\ 4 CP/",H (HOI,,,-,./) 5 /.fJII TN l.H(J(JI'/:() DESCHUTES BASIN MAP NO.5 2. , . \ : \ t..' Upland Game ( u~land ...... :... ' .. Deschutes Basin's game resource includes twelve .species of birds and the silver-gray squirrel (Table 4). Table 4. Upland game resources, Deschutes Basin Pheasant Chukar Blue Grouse Valley Quail Mourning Dove Ruffed Grouse Mountain Quail Band-tailed Pigeon Sage Grouse Hungarian Partridge Sharp-tailed Grouse Silver-gray Merriam's Turkey Squirrel The variety of habitats utilized allows this group basin wide distributon. Agricultural lands generally contain more upland game than do forested or semi-desert areas. Pheasant, valley quail, Hungariannartridge, and mourning. dove are well distributed on or near agricultural lands. Turkey, mountain quail, blue and ruffed grouse, band tailed pigeon, and silver-gray squirrel inhabit forested areas. ·One of Oregon's major wild turkey populations .. occurs in Wasco County. Turlceys are also found in the eastern portion of the Ochoco Mountains and along the upper Metolius River. Blue and ruffed grouse are sparsely distributed throughout forested areas. Pigeons and silver- gray squirrels reside in forested areas of the Ivhite River system. . /. 1\ • \:, I Sage grouse, chukar, and mourning dove inhabit se~i-desert country. Sage grouse occur in the southeastern rortion of the basin which is typically sagebrush covered open expanses of relatively level land•. Chukar prefer steep, rocky ~.:. canyonswhera cheat grass is abundant. The Deschutes Canyon below Bend and eastside canyons below Madras have good popu~ations of this fine table bird. A small popu lation of sharp-tailed grouse live in the Crooked River National Grasslands northwest of Prineville. The density and distribution of game birds in the more arid regions are limited by iriadequate water supplies. Water developments expand areas used by game birds and more effectively distribute them within utilized areas • . ( ( Waterfow~ Ducks, geese, coots, and swans are present throughout the year. Areas of heaviest use during spring and fall migrations are Davis Lake, Crane Prairie and Wickiup Reservoirs, and the Columbia River. Streams, reservoirs, lakes, and ponds provide nesting habitat for several species of waterfowl. Mallards and Canada geese are the most common nesting species . .....,. .~ Waterfowl are probably the most water-dependent game I . resource in the basin. Therefore, they respond more directly to water manipulation than most game species. Irrigation reservoirs and stock ponds create habitat for waterfowl nesting, resting, and feeding. Since aquatic vegetation is an important waterfowl food item, shallow .< impoundments are most productive. Manipulating natural ( stream flows can also influence these migratory birds. ~ Dewatering or flooding stream channels severely reduces the quality of stream~side nesting cover. Large irrigation releases below Wickiup Reservoir put the Deschutes River to Bend in a "flood-stage" condition during the nesting season, which has eliminated or degraded much waterfowl habitat. Furbearers The Deschutes Basin has a wide variety of habitat types suitable for furbearing animals (Table 5). Some species have adapted to habitat which occurs throughout much of the basin, while suitable environment for other species is limited. Bobcat and coyote area widely distributed, but are most prevalent in semi-desert ~as at medium elevations. Pika, fisher, marten and volvernine are limited to forested areas; whereas the distribution of beaver, otter, and muskrat is governed primarily by water supp~ies. Forested areas near streams and lakes generally provide best furbearer habitat. _c: ,.. ,_. Table 5. Furbearer resources, Deschutes Basin Beaver Weasel 1/ Pika 1/ Otter Raccoon- Gray fox 1/ Mink Spotted skunk 1/ Red fox 1/ Muskrat Striped skunk !/ Coyote 1/ Marten Badger 1/ Bobcat I/ Fisher Wolverine .!/ Not legally classified as furbearers. cf1 Water manipulation has had harmful effects on water- dependent species. Extreme fluctuations in flow of the ...."",.-,- ".. ' .. Deschutes River between Wickiup Reservoir and Bend has reduced populations of beaver and muskrat.' Reservoirs such as Wickiup, Crane Prairie, Round Butte, and Pelton have inundated miles of productive furbearer habitat. Protection and wise use of the basin's water resources are important to these animals. Miscellaneous Wildlife Miscellaneous wildlife includes such animals as hawKs, owls, shore and water birds, song birds, rodents, and many others not classified as game or fur animals. Several species are I ( classified as rare or endangered and most are protected by the Game Commission. The osprey, a large fish-eating hawk, is particularly. important. Ospreys are found in greater numbers around Crane Prairie Reservoir than any other place in the ~est• .'--' The U. S. Forest Service, recognizing the importance of this area, has designated Crane Prairie as an osprey refuge. Miscellaneous wildlife species will receive more attention as the pUblic increases its demand for non-consumptive use of wildlife and further develops its awareness of, and concern for the environment. .•.. ( FISH AND WILDLIFE VALUES Harvest The Deschutes Basin is known throughout the West for its excellent fishing and hunting, which annually generates about 1.400,000 man-days of recreation (Tables 6 and 8). Game Fish Steelhead and chinook salmon angling ~s limited to the Deschutes River below Pelton Dame Salmon and steelhead produced in the Deschutes Basin are also caught by sport anglers in the Columbia Rivere In addition, chinook salmon are taken in the oceane I -, i i ~~ . The Deschutes was Oregon's sixth ranked stream in steel head harvest during 1960-196ge Deschutes Basin anglers now expend slightly more effort for steelhead than for chinook (Table 6). Most angling pressure is located in the lower ten miles of the river with upstream angling located at Sherars Falls, near Madras, and in the Trout Creek area. Prior to construction of Round Butte and Pelton Dams, steelhead were caught upstream as far as i ' I Steelhead Falls. The most successful angling occurs in September, but steelhead are taken from early July through October (Fig. 26). [ .'~"\'" ( I r I ( ( . \ r· . i I Table 6. Estimated annual sport harvest, angler-days, and gross expenditures for angling, Deschutes Basin !/ (App. 7) ...... ;~ ..' .. Angler Gross Species Harvest days expenditures Anadromous 2/ Steelhead 6,850 15,000 $ 506,900 Chinook 5,500 14,000 407,000 Subtotal 12,350 29,000 913,900 Resident Salmonids 1,728,350 962,950 5,777,700 Warm water 143,850 51,650 309,900 Subtotal· 1,872,200 1,014,600 6,087,600 TOTAL 1,884,550 1,043,600 $ 7,001,500 !/ Estimates by Oregon Game Commission biologists. ~/ Additional harvest on Deschutes Basin occurs in. the Columbia Riv:er and Pacific Oceane· .~ 1...,• . i-·.. -'( (_.>\ I . • ./ Angling for chinook sa~on occurs primarily on the Sherars Falls ar's with only limited angling specifically for chinook in other areas. However, chinook ary harvested in late summer and fall by steelhead anglers. Best chinook salmon fishing coincides with the heavy migration periods (Fig. 27). Date show that approximately 14,000 angler- days are expended annually to harvest 5,500 chinook Chinook salmon support a significant Indian fishery in addition to the sport harvest. This fishery occurs entirely in the Sherars Falls area and includes an incidental catch of steelhead (Fig. 28). Resident salmonids, both native and hatchery-reared, , ,.. '\ - ~ . • T • I ----r ..• -. ( - -, .1 I '"1' -r - . "--:;' i-or ! . ---or - I .--,' , - -t . ~ ." .. ._--_.+ _...... ,; f I 1 t -"-1.. ~- I. +., - .....-.. ri I ·1 f Ir-' . i ! I ..! : ~ _. I { ...... o.r.- " " support considerably more angling pressure than anadrornous fish (Table 6, Fig. 29). The Game Commission annually releases over 4 million f~sh intn~P~phy~es Basin ·.··w (App. 10). ...,.. Angling opportunities are available throughout the year; however, most waters open in April or May and close on October 31. Approximately 85 percent of the angling occurs from May through August. Rainbow ~rout receive the heaviest angling pressure, but many waters contain several salmonid species and mixed bags are common (A9P. 8 and 9). Lakes and reservoirs above Bend, the Deschutes River / \ below Pelton Dam, and Crooked River below Prineville Reservoir are especially well known for their productive fisheries (Table 7). In addition, certain areas are famous for their ability to produce" large fish. Davis Lake and Crooked River below Prineville Reservoir produce large rainbow, with catches often including fish over 5 pounds. Large brown trout are occasionally taken from the Deschutes River above Bend, the Little Deschutes River, East and Suttle Lakes, and Wickiup Reservoir. Lake trout and Atlantic salmon obtain large size in waters they inhabit. , ~r.;:~ ., ;-,>;-f+ [T" l'-r~- ., _....., .. :.l.·.t· ....1- --- 'l ; ._.l.-.:. j ~.....J. . .••_ • -·-l -L+:};±'~'·~'~·~·:~· -., -,.- .;.. ., .... . ~.~ . P' ~ '., ~ .~ .'1: --,.;,' 'l.-i __ l ... -I '-' ',.,:J .~-_._+ -T .-r- " I ~: I .: .. ;; ; ~T ._., .."t.. t ~ " ~ -- ... --'r .~.; --; ..; .! ,...i T" .,-_.. J .. ,_. ',.. ~ ! ~.: I 1 ~ ... " '\ ",' Q '" -'- -t-. .' oj ...... ::,. - ~'" ~ I r-----.--- _ __ .. l .. _.. . : .~ , . /~ \. :'...... \ :. I \j I Table 7. Resident salmonids and popular fishing .waters, Deschutes Basin Species-Lakes and Reservoirs Streams I Rainbow trout Davis Lake, East Lake, Paulina Deschutes River below Peltin, Lake, Crane Prairie Res., Wickiup Metolius River, Deschutes River Res., Ochoco Res., pri·neyille Res 0 above Crane Prairie Res., Crooked River below Pr.ineville Res., Fall River ~ Rokanee Odell Lake,· Crescent Lake, Elk Lake, Suttle Lake, Pelton Res., Round Butte Res., Crane Prairie Res., Wickiup Res. Brook trout Most packin lakes, Big Lava Lake, Upper Little Deschutes River Sparks Lake, Cultus Lakes above Crane Prairie Res. Brown trout East Lake, Suttle Lake, Wickiup Little Deschutes River, Deschutes Res. . River above Bend, Lake Creek, Lower Crescent Creek ~ '" Atlanti9 salmon Hosmer Lake, Sparks Lake, Davis Lake, Elk Lake r; Lake trout Odell Lake, Crescent Lake Dolly Varden Metolius and Warm Springs River systems Golden trout cutthroat trout Hhitefish Fall River Whitefish, abundant in many lakes and streams, are considered trash fish by me.st Oregon anglers and are therefore under-utilized :",. ",. Limited distribution, private ownership of produ~tive ponds, and angler preference for salmonids are respon sible for the relatively samll contribution warm-water game fish make to the basin's total angling effort (Table 6) •. Bass and bullhead are the most commonly harvested species. Prineville Reservoir and. Huston Lakes are the most popular fishing waters. Significant numbers of salmon and steelhead produced in -.: the Deschutes Basin are commercially harvested in the Columbia River and Pacific Ocean. Chinook are harvested in the ocean by trolling, however the major harvest occurs in the Columbia with gillnets. Steelhead are caught in the Columbia River gillnet fishery. Wildlife Hunting generates expenditures of considerable time and money (Table 8). In addition, about $6,500 worth of 0 .. Table 8. Estimated annual harvest, hunter-days and gross expenditures for hunting, Deschutes Basin, 1970 (Al?P. 7) !/ ~/ ....~...... Species Hunter- Gross group Harvest days expenditures Big game 11,075 226,336 $ 6,687,592 Small game 137,960 87,077 522,462 Waterfowl 32,787 37,687 301,496 TOTAL 181,822 351,100 $ 7,511,550 1/ Harvest data is not available for nongame wildlife species, bear, or cougar. ~/ Estimates by Oregon Game Co~ssion biologists. furbearers are trapped annually in the basin (Table 14). Deer hunting is most popular and pressure has steadily increased (Table ·9). The most popular hunting areas are located· in Ochoco, Deschutes, and Mt. Hood National Forests. Weather patterns signifi·cantly influence deer populations and hunting success. The best seasons follow mild winters,when deer survival is high. Weather during the season also affects hunter success. A preseason rain or snow followed by cool weather produces ideal hunting conditions. Hunting pressure on elk has gradually increased during the past few years (Table 10). Popular hunting areas include the Ochoco and Mt. Hood National Forests. The .' \G~l Table 9. Deer harvest, Deschutes Basin, 1964-1970 !/ /~ -; \ ,-,j (1I I \"y 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 Hunters 28,130 33,370 35,100 34,160 37,030 35,570 41,080 Hunter-days 138,850 164,930 172,750 157,510 176,230 177,520 218,510 Harvest 14,090 11,080 15,520 14,890 14,570 9,787 10,870 !/ Estimates based on annual hunter questionnaire data and Oregon Game Commiss~on~ biologists comments. ' ~/ Fewer ant1er1ess permits issued. V) _yj, ~/l ~ Table 10. Elk harvest, Deschutes Basin, 1964-1970 !/ 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 -1910 r Hunters ..J 591 520 869 570 587 629 950 Hunter-days not not 44703 3,086 2,739 3,708 7,400 available available Harvest ... 94 48 65 49 48 117 106 ~/ Estimates by Game Commission biologists (based on annual hunter questionnaire data). .\ ---. J I... ;J i Ochoco National Forest consistently produces the larger harvest. Antelope are hunted by permit in the southeastern part of the basin. Hunter success is generally high and several trophy animals have been taken (~able 11). Table 11. Antelope harvest, Deschutes Basin, 1966-1970 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 Hunters 99 129 131 132 200 Hunter-days 241 302 320 301 426 Harvest 56 72 71 70 99, 1/ Estimates by Oregon Game Commission biologist based on returns from antelope permit holders. I . ! ./"" j \ /' .,_ I t ,. ~ ~ 1 Bear are not common and only a few are harvested annually: mostly by deer hunters. However, some hunters use hounds and hunt specifically for these animals. Hunting pressure on upland game is increasing in the Deschtues Basin (Table 12). Most small game populations fluctuate annually with climatic conditions, and provide excellent hunting during years of good production. ChQ~ar, pheasant, valley quail, and mourning dove are the most heavily hunted species. .A ,,,'- ·-1 ~.t"~ - : I Table 12. Small game harvest, Deschutes Basin, 1966-1970 1/ \ .. ~ \ s~CIes 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 Pheasant Hunters 3,968 5,042 4,055 4,020 4,510 Hunter-days 14,788 21,933 16,300 15,820 18,320 Harvest 11,356 16,218 12,118 11,420 13,900 Quail Hunters 3,445 5,544 4,290 3,575 4,135 Hunter-days 14,674 24,691 20,850 17,653 23,953 Harvest 24,665 53,868 36,828 24,205 40,205 Chukar partridge Hunters 3,043 4,613 4,050 .4,430 6,220 Hunter-days 11,425 15,023 14,337 14,600 24,070 Harvest 17,043 18,025 17,120 24,000 43,440 Hungarian partridge ~ Hunters 572 1,176 770 953 1,472 Hunter-days 2,878 4,021 2,800 2,858 4,578 '", Harvest 1,267 2.,181 1,490 1,745 2,955 Grouse (Forest) Hunters 54 153 100 125 224 Hunter-days 89 437 203 237 382 Harvest 53 249 166 162 389 Sage grouse Hunters 600 No 220 700 1,340 Hunter~days 973 Season 396 1,390 2,400 Harvest 718 ~ 358 790 1,790 Mourning dove Hunters 2,186 2,283 2,710 3,174 3,264 Hunter-days 6,617 8,594 9,214 11,000 11,004 Harvest 26,804 25,233 31,132 43,530 33,046 . L.0 ; , '" i .r ."{ Table 12. (continued) / \0 Species 1966 1967 1968 1969 1971J Silver gray squirrel ~. Hunters 104 373 Data . 575 650 Hunter-days 265 1,190 not 2,115 2,370 Harvest 115 1,750 ~vailab1e 2,640 2,235 TOTALS Hunters 13,972 19,184 16,195 2/ 17,552 21,815 Hunter-days 51,709 75,889 64,100 65,673 87,077 Harvest 82,021 117,524 99,212 108,492 137,960 1/ Estimates by Oregon Game Commission biologists (based on annual hunter - questionnaire data). ~ ~/ Totals do not include data for silver gray squirrel in 1968e ~ .~ \ '. I " -1 : ./ Hunting pressure on waterfowl is only moderate (Table 13). The most popular hunting areas are grain fields near the ,'., Colwnbia River, farmlands around '~adras, Crooked' 'River, Davis Lake; Crane Prairie and Wickiup Reservoirs, and the Deschutes River above Bend. Table 13. Waterfowl harvest, Deschutes Basin, 1969-1970 !/ 1969 1970 Hunters Ducks 3,747 4,018 Geese 1,925 2,269 TOTAL 5,672 6,287 Hunter-days Ducks' 25,602 25,856 Geese 10,735 11,831 TOTAL 36,337 37,687 Harvest Ducks 27,173 2'8,806 Geese 1,974 3,981 TOTAL 29,147 32,787 1/ Estimates by Oregon Game Commission biologists (based on annual hunter questionnaire data). Several species of furbearers are harvested in the basin. (Table 5). Annual revenue from furs ranges from $4,000 to $8,000 (Table 14). Beaver are the most valuable to trappers, accounting for about 58% of the total receipts. The pelts of otter and bobcat consistently receive highest nrices, while muskrats normally lead in numbers harvested. fl, I \ . '! I:' ,. •\ . ;,I' ,v Table 14. Fur harvest, Deschutes Basin, 1966-1967 to 1969-1970 1/ 2/ 3/ \ -- - 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69 1969-10 Species Catch Value Catch Value Catch Value Catch Value Beaver 402 $4,663.20 162 $2,154.60 "303 $4,578.33 346 $4,010.14 Otter 8 156.56 8 154.40 16 403.36 9 235.53 Mink 134 753.08 117 632.97 95 786.60 79 419.49 Huskrat 489 415.65 234 152.10 613 557.83 313 316.13 Raccoon 10 18.50 15 ' 30.15 75 293.25 58 177.48 Marten 27 163.89 24 143.52 4 33.32 10 66.10 Bobcat 59 526.28 69 1,002.57 63 1,084.23 123 1,814.25 ~ ~ Coyote 13 40.95 17 48.62 26 177.32 67 485.08 TOTAL VALUE $6,744.06 $4,324.05 $8,007.47 $7,565.00 1/ Based on returns from licensed trappers ~/ Excludes harvest by nonlicensed juvenile trappers and government trappers. ~/ Includes revenue from skunk, weasel, badger and fox. \ .' t ." significant hunting pressure occurs on miscellaneous ( wildlife. This hunting is not monitored, so no harvest .• "t:..' or use data are available. Jack rabbits receive the heaviest hunting pressure, however hunting for bobcat and coyote with the aid of predator calls is becoming more popular. Recreation and Esthetics The Deschutes Basin annually accommodates millions of days of outdoor recreation. Tourists, sportsmen and other users find this area one of the mos t appealing in Oregon.· ./ :< - In 1971, over 3.7 million day-visits occured in areas ( maintain~d by the Oregon Highway Department and U. S. '. Forest Service. Many visits are directly related to fis·h and wildlife and water-based recreation. Therefore, adequate stream flows which contribute significantly to the esthetic nature of the basin deserve protection (App. 5). REFERENCES I Mey Warren W., Monty_L. Montgomery, az:1d A11au.. B.o Lichens. 1967. 0 Lower Deschutes River, Oregon Discharge and the Fish Environment. Oregon State Game Commission. Calvin, Lyle D., and Thomas D. Burnett. 1966. Survey of Angling Efforts in Oregon in 1965. Depart ment of Statistics, Oregon State University. Geological Survey. 1958. Compilation of Records of Surface Waters of the Untied States through September 1950. Part 14. Pacific Slope Basins in Oregon and Lower Columbia River Basin. United Stated Government Printing Office. Geological Survey. Compilation of Records of Surface Waters of the United States, October 1950 to september 1960. Part 14. Pacific Slope Basins in Oregon and Lower Columbia River Basin. United States Government Printing Office. Geological Survey. 1966-68. Water Resources Data for Oregon. Part 1. Surface Water Records. Unites c States Department of the Interior. Oregon State Game Commission. 1965-1969. Fishery Division Annual Reports. Oregon State Game Commission. 1965~1969. Game Division Annual Reports. Oregon State Game Commission. 1965-1969. 0 Stocking of Trout and Salmon by Watershed (mimeo). Oregon State Game Commission. 1964. Revised Lake Catalog (mimeo). Oregon State Game Commission. 1960-1969. Salmon and Stee1head Catch Data (mimeo). Oregon State Game Commission. 1969. Oregon Game Management Unit Map. Phillips, Robert w. 1969. Effects of Unusually low Discharge from Pelton Regulating Reservoir, Deschutes River, on Fish and Other Aquatic organisms. Oregon State Game Commission, Basin Investigations Section. Special Report No.1. Smith, Lloyd. 1961. Deschutes Basin Desirable Minimum Flow Survey, 1959-60 Part II. Oregon Stc1te Game Commission (unpublished). Warm Springs Indian Reservation. 1967. Water Resource Inventory and Water Management Plan for the Warm Springs Indian Reservation. p" ",/ · ~ , ,I " ~:;4 .'. t .'. ) f ..' .' t<.···J./ j;.,dj'':'" ", ".. App_ ..ix 1. Recommended minimum flows for fish 'life-,' Deschu. • Basin 1/ . '-..--"-.-. . s~eam' Location Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.· May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec: DeschutesR•. Pelton Dam to mouth . ~Oo -7\~ p.(X) -:' ~ r-=- 300 • ~ Bend to Round Butte Res. 200 ·200 200 200 200 200 200 . 200 200 200 200 200, ; ...... - -t'o S P~;"(1 k'iV~.r .1< L. Deschutes R. to Behd 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 ( 400 400 400 400 400-': .1' :5 pI- "'!J. R. -ro.7r>e,.J ' _ (..60 . 0'( Wicki'Qp Dam to Little . ------,.------_. DeschutesR. . 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 O~ • ~( Crane Prairie Dam to 1 Wickiup Reservoir 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 ~o 80 80 80. • tll( At USGS Gage 14-0500 40 40 60 60 60 40 40 40 60 60 60 60 Buck Hollow Cr. At mouth 25 35 35 35 35 2S 12 4 4 4 4 4 White R. Below Gate Cr. 60 60/100 145 145 145 100 60 60 60 60 60 60 • Above Klip Cr. -_,28 28/50 . 76 76 76 50 28 28 28 28 28 28 'rygh Cr. Below Badger Cr. 12 . 12/40 62 62 62 40 12 12 12 12 12 12 • Below Jordan Cr. 8: 8/20 33 33 33 20 8 8 8 8 8 8 Above Jordan Cr. 2. 2/10 15 15 .15 10 2 2 2 2 2 2 Badger Cr. Below Little Badger Cr. 12 12/50 70 '70 ( 70 . 50 12 12 12 12 12 12 " Above Little Badger Cr. 5 5/15 25 25 25 15 5 5 5 5 5 5 Little. Badger Cr. Mouth 1 1/8 12 12 12 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 Jordon Cr. Mouth 3 . 3/12 19 19 19 12 3 3 3~ 3 3 3 3 '. Threemile Cr. Mouth 3 • 3/14 20 20 20 '14 3 3 3 3 3 4 Gate Cr. Below South Fk. Gate Cr. 4: 4/12 19 19 19 12 4 4 4 4 4 ..... 6 6 6 6 6 Crane Cr. '" Below Forest Cr. 6' 6/12 15 15 15 12 6 2 2 Forest Cr. Mouth 2 2/8 12 12 12 8 2 2 2 2 12 12 12 12 . Clear Cr. Above Frog Cr. 12 12/20 32 32 32 20 12 12 5 5 5 Frog Cr. Mouth 5 5/10 15 15 15 10 5 5 5 12 12 12 12 12 Bakeoven Cr.' Below Salt Cr. 20 . 30 30 30 30 20 12 67 67/25 25 2S 2S 25 2~ D" Trout Cr. Below Antelope Cr. 25 67/73 73 73 73 • 13 13 13 13 ~,,- .. . Belew Clover cr. 13 32/48 48 48 48 32 32/13 13 ,j. ,.. ~. _....' .,.". I.. .I." .• L. ,r-'\, Appendix 1. (continued) Str~am Location Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. West Fk. Mill Cr.· Below Harvey Cr. 2 2/8. 14 14 14 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 East Fk. Mill Cr. Below Belknap Cr. 3 3/8 12 12 12 8 3 3 3 3 3 3 Mar;~s Cr. Below Wildcat cr. 6 6/35 43 43 43 35 6 6 6 6 6 6 wol~ Cr. Below Sheep Cr. 2 2/6 9 9 9 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 canyon Cr. Below Hedqepath Cr. 2 2/6 8 8 8 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 Bear Cr~, Below Little Bear Cr. 3 3/10 IS IS . 15 10 3 3 3 3 3 3 Horse ,lieaven Cr. Below Horse Heaven Res. 2 2/8 12 12 12 8 2 2 2 2 ·2 2 Pine Cr. Below Bailey Res. 1 1/4 6 6· 6 -« ·1 i 1 1 1 1 Lost Cr. Below Spring Cr. 2 2/7 10 10 10 7 2 2 2 2 2 2 N. Fk. Crooked R. Below Deep ~. 25 25/70 90 90 90 70 25 25 25 25 25 25 " n Below Rickey Cr. 20 20/55 75 75 75 55 20 20 20 20 20 20 Below Lookout Cr. 5 5/12 16 16 16 12 5 5 5 5 5 5 10 Deep ~r. Below Crazy Cr. 10 10/35 47 47 47 35 10 10 10 10 10 Peterson Cr. Above Peterson Cr. Res. 4 4 6 6 6 4. 1 1 1/4 6 4 4 Allen Cr. Above Allen Cr. Res. 6 6 9 9 9 6 2 2 2/6 9 9 9 Johnson Cr. Below Polie Cr. 4 4 6 6 6 4. 1 1 1/4 6 4 4 Brush Cr. Mouth 4 4 6 6 6 4 1 1 1/4 6 4 4 2 2/8 12 8 8 ROWAfd Cr. Below West Fk. Howard Cr. 8 8 12 12 12 8 2 11 8 8 Lookout Cr. Above Juncle Cr. 8 8 11 11 11 8 2 2 2/8 2 2 2 Gray Cr. Below Lytle Cr•. 2 2/7 10 10 10 7 2 2 2 4 4 4 ! Crooked~. 4 4/15 21 21 21 15 4 4 4 i South Fk. Below Twelvemile Cr. ,i 15 15 15 15 , Beaver Cr. Below Wolf Cr. 15 15/35. 50 50 50 35 15 15 5 5 5 5 5 5 Wolf Cr. Below Miles Cr. 5 5/20 29 29 29 20 2 2 2 2 2 2 Sugar Cr. stream inile 3.5 2 2/3 5 5 5 3 4 \ <& <& 4 4 4 N. fk. Beaver Cr. Below powell Cr. 4 4/15 20 20 20 15 20. 15 3 3 3 3 3 3 S. f'k. Beaver Cr. Below Rock Cr. 3 3/i5 20 20 10 10 10/~0 30 -20 20 ;0/\ SqUAW Cr. Below USGS Gage 14-0750 20 10 10 10 10 10 rAA~ 1/ , I _0 II ~.\ .. -,\ .~00'4 ;L. .... '.' _.. ' - .. .' - Appendix'1. (continued) . StrellIli Location JAn.teb. MAr. Apr.' MaY June Jaly Aug. Sept. Oct. NoV. Dec: Ray Cr. Belov Wilson Cr. 10 15 15 15 15 10 3 3 3 3 3 3 Ant~lope Cr. Below Cold Camp Cr. 20 30 30 30 30 20 5, 5 5 5 5 5 Willo.., Cr. Below Coon Cr. 1 l~ 8 a ,5 1 1 1 l' 11 1 vAetolius R. v Below Canyon Cr. -;)~ 150 150 200 200 200 150 150 ISO/200 200 200 200 200;t/to.1;, Below Lake Cr. ~\ . 70 70 110 110 110 70 70 70/110 110 110 110 110 11:[. M~, '. Fly ,Cr. Below Prairie Farm Cr~~ 10 10/35 56 56 56 ' 35 10 10 10 10. 10 10 " Jeffe,rson Cr. Below Parker Cr. 40 40 60 60 60 40 40 40/.60 60 60 40 40 ) t" Candle' Cr. , Below C,abot Cr. 30 30 SO SO 5~ 30 30 30/50 50 50 30 30 OJ:: J\bbot Cr. Mouth 8 8 12 12 12 8 8 8/12 12 12 12 12 .k CAnyon Cr. BeloW Roaring Cr. 30 30 SO 50 50 30 30 30/50 50 50 50 50 ;VA f Jack Cr. Stream mile 3.0 20 20 30 30 30 20 20 20/30 30 30 30 30 II",-t· Spring Cr. Mouth 50, 50 70 70 70 50 50 50/70 70 ' 70 70 70 !l..+ Lake Cr. Below Suttle Lake 30 30 SO SO 50 30 30 30 SO 50 50 50 itt-I. J...J.I~ t (J;- fll" ...·if'.. :u. Link Cr. Below Blue Lake 30 30 50 50;-, 50 30 30 30 50 50 ' 50 50 11~-f Crooked R. Below Prineville Dam 75 75/150 255 255 255 150 75 75 75 75 75 75 50 50 " Pel~ N. Fk. Crooked R. 50 50/75 113 113 113 75 50 50 SO SO Below S. Fk. Crooked R. 20 20/50 70 70 70 SO 20 20 20 20 20 20 McKay Cr. Below Allen Cr. 6 6/25 39 39 39 25 6 6 6 6 6 6 Below Little McKay Cr. 4 4/20 31 31 31 20 , '4 4 4 4 4 4 " ", Allen Cr. Below Beque Cr. 2 . 2/12 19 19 19 12 2 2 2 2 2 2 Little McKay Cr. Mouth 2 2/8 14 14 14 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 ~10 10 Ochoco Cr. Below Ochoco Dam 10 10/25' 35 35 35 25 10 10 10 10 10 " " Below Marks Cr. 10 10/25 38 38 38 25 10 10 10 10 10 Below Canyon Cr. 6 6/18 25 25 25 ,18 6 6 6 6 6 6 Above Canyon Cr. 3 3/5 8 ,8 8 5 3 3 3 3. 3 3 8 8/25' 35 35 35 25 8 8 B 8 a B Mill Cr. Below West Fk. Mill Cr. J.,. ,. 't~h ~".~. ~ ~;"Y'i'" ~.~-.~:~"~:',.. ~ .,' , .,_..-'" ,.. ",-- ""'.' _ ".... , B .... ------1 ,~- ...~.--~, .' -;--> ..• ~ ~. ~ '. 0~i. ;1 Appendix 1. (continued) ~ .. Indian Ford Cr. Below Glaze Meadow 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3/4 6 4 4 "r:. Tuma10 Cr. Below S. Fk. Tuma10 Cr. 35 35 47 47 47 '5 10 10 10/35 47 35 35 ~c. #prinq R. O~Mouth 30 . " 30 30 30' . 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 N..7 Little Deschutes R. .~8e1ow Crescent Cr. l~O 1~8 2~O 200 200 150 100 100 100 100 200 200 80' II " C{(. River mile 72.0 40 40 60 60 60 45 35 35 35 35 60 . 60 .J'I • • ·o~ Below Hemlock Cr• 25 25 34 34 34 25 25 25 25 34 34 34 .20 Crescent Cr. Below Crescent Lk. 55 ' 55 ./75 75 75 55 30 30 30 30 75 75 3-0 Big Marsh Cr. Below Refrigerator Cr. 40 40 59 59 59 40 25 25 25 59 59 59 >0' Refrigerator Cr. Mouth 3 3 5 5 5 3 1 1 1 1/3 5 5 t/...t Whi tetish Cr. Below Summit Cr. 20 20 30 30 30 20 5 5/20 30 30 30 30 IV•.:f S\1I!1IlIit Cr. Below Summit R. 8 8 11 11 11 8 2 2 2/8 11 8 8 ;1.+ Hemlock Cr. Below Sp:l:'!ce Cr. 10 10 10 8. 8 8 8 8 8 15 15 15 1/'/ Spruce Cr. Below Rabbit Cr. 5 5 5 2 2 2 2 2 2/5 8 8 8 \f.! Basin Cr. Stream mile 3.0 7 7 7 3 3 3 3 3 3/7 10 10 10 ,,/.1 100 /kZz'". D~~ .r- .~ Indian Cr. 70 .70 100 100 100 70 50 50 50 100 100 ~. Browns Cr. Mouth 15 15 25 25 25 15 15 15 25 25 25 25 /16i: . jf'" Quinn R. Mouth 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 f: 20 20 /'v1Jt: jJ- Cu1tus Cr. Below Cu1 tus Lake 20 20 32 32 32 20 5 5 5/20 32 20 20 5 70 /v/tt: ~ Cultus R. USGS Gage 114-0505 50 50. 50 50 50 50 50 50 70 70 70 15.:'" yh5 30 30 30 20 15 15 15 30 30 20 /-br Snow Cr. rl-Mouth < '". 72 72 72 72 &t ~Odell Cr. Below Odell Lake 50 50 72 72 72 50 35 35 31 31 Trapper Cr. Mouth 20 20 31 31 31 20 20 20 31 31 35. 35 ~ouinn Cr. Mouth 20 20 20 12 ·12 12 12 12 12/20 35 31 31 20 6 6 6 6 6 6/20 31 )YSoda Cr. Mouth 20 20 46 46 35 35 20 20 20 20 20 20/35 46 ~all Cr. Mouth 35 ... ~-=_J -" '." .. --:..... . 1 > # ....~ , 4or" ~..~ ., ~ :: ' _...... •., Appendix 1. St~eam Location Jan. Feb. MAr. Apr. MAy .June July _Au~_ ~e!lt. Oct.' Nov. Dec. :~Goose Cr. Mouth 7 7 7 4 4 4 4/7 10 10 10 . " " Three Cr. Below Snow Cr. 7 7' 10 10 10 7 ." 2 2 2/7 10 7 1 !I Flows are expressed in cubic feet psr se~ond. The recommended flows should arrive at the point of recommendation and continue to the mouth of the stream or to the next point for Which a different flow is recommended. stream flows recommended in Appendix 1 are designed for game fish production and are not necessarily adequate for wildlife, especially waterfowl and furbearers. Neither would they necessarily be recommended below future impoundments. ...... / ~ .,. , .. ,; . ] .----. j' r Appetndix 2. StreM Location Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. ~Q.t. Oct. ~ov. Dec.' • tf~~ ~~ DeschutesR. Peiton Dam t01llOuth " " Bend to Round Butte Res. 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 " " L. Deschutes R. to Bend 500 500 500 .50i:1 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ,I ;.- Wickiup Dam to Little 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 / " " / Deschutes R. " " Crane Prairie Dam to 130 130 1;!0 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 Wickiup Reservoir " Ii At USGS Gage 14-0500 60 60 100 100 100 60 60 60 100 100 100 100 BuekHa110w Cr. At mouth 35 60 60 60 60 35 25 25 25 25 25 25 White :Et •. . Below Gate Cr. 100 100/145 180 180 180 145 100 100 100 100 100 100 " " Above Klip Cr. 50 50/76 105 105 105 76 50 50 50 50 50 50 Tygh Cr. Below Badger Cr. 40 40/60 95 95 95 60 40 40 40 40 40 40 " .. Below Jordon Cr• . 22 22/33 48 48 48 33 22 22 22 22 22 22 .. " Above Jordon Cr. 10 10/15 25 25 25 15 10 10 10 10 10 10 45 45 45 45 45 '-5>Badger Cr. Below Little Badger Cr. 45 45/70 87 87 87 70 45 i .. Above Little Badger Cr • 17 17/25 34 34 34 25 17 17 17 17 ~ 17 17 8 '8 8 8 L. Badger Cr. Mouth 8 8/12 20 20 20 12 8 8 13 13 13 13 13 Jordon Cr. Mouth 13 13/19 32 32 32 19 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 Threemile Cr. (wlttrtL~) Mouth 13 13/20 25 25 ,.25 20 19 13 13 13 13 13 13 Gate Cr. Below S. Fk. Gate Cr. 13 13/19 30 30 30 15 10 10 10 10 10 10 Crane Cr. Below Forest Cr. 10 10/15 20 20 20 20 12 8 8 8 '8 8 8 Forest Cr. Mouth 8 8/12 20 20 36 32 21 21 21 21 21 21 Clear Cr. Above Frog Cr. 21 21/32 36 36 25 15 10 10 10 10 10 10 Frog Cr. Mouth 1010/15 25· 25 20 20 20 40 40 40 40 30 20 20 20 20 Bakeoven Cr. Below Salt Cr. , 33 33 33 67/105 105 105 105 67 67/33 33 33 33 , Trout Cr. Below Antelope Cr. 40 40/17 17 17 17 17 17 Below Clover Cr. '17 40/60. 60 60 60 10 10 25 25 25 15 10 10 10 10 Hay Cr. Below Wilson Cr ~ 15 25 20 50 50" 50 30 20 20 20 20 20 Antelope Cr. Below Cold Camp Cr. 30 50 ~ "'~""·"":""'-·r."·;" ' :~~')~-..".,..,. , "f . .. :~, .f . Ap~ ~ix 2; (continued) ...... , ...... ~. '-' " ...._.' .• Streem . Location Jan. reb. JoIar. Apr.' May June JUly Aug. sept: Oct. Nov. Dec.' WillOW Cr. . . Below Coon cr.· 5 5/8 11 13 13 8 5 5 5 5 5 5, MetoUu8 R. Below Canyon Cr. 200 200 335 335 335 200 200 200/335 335 c 335 335 335 .. . Below take Cr. 110 110 185 185 185 110 110 110/185 185 ~85 185 185 ~*~ Fly Cr. Below Prairie Farm Cr. 38 38/56 72 72 72 56 38 38 38 38 38 38 Jefferson Cr. Below Parker Cr. 60 60 100 100 100 60 60 60/100 100 100 60 60 Candle Cr. Below Cabot Cr. 50 50 83 83 83 50 50 50/83 83 83 50 50 Abbot Cr. Mouth 12 12 14 1414 12 12 12/14 14 14 14 1~ Canyon Cr. Below Roaring Cr. 50 50 83 83 83 50 50 50/83 83 83 83 83 Jack Cr. Below StreAJII mile 3.0 30 30 50 50 50 30 30 30/50 50 50 50 50 Spring Cr. Mouth 70 70 117 117 117 70 70 70/117 117 117 117 117 Lake Cr. Below Suttle LJc. 50 50 84 84 84 50 50 50 84 84 84 8~ Link Cr. Below BlueLk. 5050 84 84 84 50 50 50 84 ~ 84 84 84 Crooked R. Below Prineville Dam 170 170/255 335 335 335 255 170 170 170 t 170 170 170 n .. Below N.Fk. Crooked R. 75 75/113 190 180 180 113 75 75 75 75 75 75 :~ • n Below S.Fk. Crooked R. 47 47/70 117 117 117 70 47 47 47 47 47 47 McKay Cr. Below Allen Cr. 26 26/39 50 50 50 39 26 26 26 26 26 26 .. . Below Little McKay Cr. 21 21/31 37 37 37 31 21 21 21 21 21 21· Allen Cr. Below Bogue cr. 13 13/19 32 32 32 . 19 13 13 13 13 13 13 Little McKay Cr. Mouth 9 9/14 29 29 29 14 9 9 9 9 9 9 Ochoco Cr. -', Below Ochoco Dam 23 23/35 45 45 45 35 23 23 23 23 23 23 .. .. Below Marks Cr. 25 25/38 52 52 52 38 25 25 25 25 25 25 .. Below Canyon Cr • 17 17/25 35 35 35 25 17 17 17; 17 17 17 .. Above Canyon Cr. 5 5/8 16 16 16 8 5 5 5 5 5 5 23 23 Mill Cr. Below W. Fk. Mill Cr. 23 23/35 45 45 45 35 23 23 23 23 1-2 8 8 8 8 8 8 w.n. Mill Cr. Below Harvey Cr. 8 8/12 20 20 20 .:...... -1 .. 8 E•. Fk. Mill Cr. Below Kelknap Cr. 8 8/12 25 25 25 12 8 8 8 8 8 29 29 C~. 29 29/43 54 54 54 43 29 29 . 29 ·29 Muks Cr. Below Wi,ldcat ~ .... ~ " ,. . ~ ... ~r .•~ .~ ., ,. '·:1 ''I. tk'~/;', 1·?",·..~t.~i 't'l .:~ Appl .X 2. (eontinued) .~ " Location Jan. Feb. Mar~ Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. - Oct.' Nov. Dec. Tuma10 Cr. Below S. Fk. TUma10 Cr. 47 47 82 82 82 47 32 32 32/47 87 47 47 SpriO'1 R. Mouth SO SO 50 50 SO SO 50 SO 50 SO 50 50 . Little Deschutes R. Below Crescent Cr. 200 . 200 240 240 240 200 135 135 135 135 240 240 R· n • River inile 72.0 60 60 75 75 75 60 40 40 40 40 7S 75 • R • Below Hemlock Cr • 34 34 68 68 68 34 34 34 34 68 68 ~8 Crescent Cr. Below Crescent Uk. 75 75 125 125 125 75 SO SO SO SO 12S 125 40 40·' 40 78 78 78· Bi'1 Marsh Cr. Below Refri'1erator Cr. 59 59 78 78 78 59 . ." Refrigerator cr. Mouth 5 5 888 5 3 3 . 3;, 3/5 8 -8 Whitefish Cr. Below Summit Cr. 30 30 50 50 50 30 20 20/30 50 '50 50 50 swnmit Cr. Below Summit Uk. 11 11 14. 14 14 11 7 7 " 7/11 14 11 11 Hemlock Cr. Below Spriee Cr. 15 15 15 10" 10 10 10 10 10 25 25 25 Spruce Cr. Below Rabbit Cr. 8 8 855 5 5 5 5/8 13 13 13 10 10 10 7 7 7 7 7 "7/10" 17 17 17 "1....'t Basin Cr. Stream mile 3.0 -:jJ"; ..~ ~ Fall R. Below-Indian Cr. 100 100 170 170 170 100 70 70 70 170 170 170 (\ft- Browns Cr. Mouth 25 25 32 32 32 25 2S 25 32 32 32 32 Quinn R. Mouth 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 CU1tus Cr. Below eultus Uk. 32 32 50 SO 50 32 21 21 21/32 SO 32 32 Cultus R. USGS Ga'1e 14-0505 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 117 r1l7 117 117 ? 50 Snow Cr. Mouth 30 30 so so so 30 20 20 20 50 50 -. " 82 82 Odell Cr. Below Odell Lk. 70 70 85 85 85 70 SO 50 82 82 43 43 Trapper Cr. Mouth 30 30 43 43 43 30 30 30 43 43 58 58 Quinn Cr. Mouth 35 35 35 23 23 23 23 23 23/35 58 20/30 38 38 38 Soda Cr. Mouth 30 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 30 30/46 65 65 65 Fall Cr. Mouth 46 ,46 46 30 30 30 30 7 7 7/10 15 15 15 Goose Cr. Mouth 10 10 10 7 7 7 " .' " ~ ' .. ~ 'I I ",t' "~;~ ~I ~~~~<~~~;l ,it"..' ...... l ..~. h! ..: ,.:~ '-Appendix 2. "(continued) 'Strecm Location ~_~~Peb_.__l!ar~ Apr. MM~ne JUly Au.cLo.- ~ept. Oct. Nov. Dec.' Wolf Cr. Below Sheep Cr. 6 6/9 14 14 14 9" 6 6 6 6 6 6 Canyon Cr. Below Hedgepath Cr. 5 5/8 15 15 15 8 5 5 5 ~ 5 5 Bear Cr. Below Little Bear Cr. 10 10/1S 25 25 25 18 10 10 10 10, 10 10 Horse Heaven Cr. Below Bailey Res. 8 8/12 20 20 20 12 8 8 8 8 8 8 ,~ Pine Cr. Below Bailey Res. ~ 4/6 10 10 10 6 4 4 "4 4. 4 4 , Lost Cr. Below Spring Cr. 7 7/10 17 17 17 10 7 7 7 7 7 7 N.Fk. Crooked R. Below Deep Cr. 60 60/90 150 150 150 90 6,0 60 60 60 60 60 ...... Below Hickey Cr. 50 50/75 125 125 125 75 50 50 50 50 50 50 .. .. Below Lookout: Cr. 11 11/25 48 43 48 25 11 11 11 11 11 11 Deep Cr. Below Crazy Cr. 31 31/60 113 113 113 60 31 31 31 31 31 31. Peterson Cr. 1\bove Peterson Cr. Res. 6 . 6 10 10 10 6 4 4 4/6 10 6 6 Allen Cr. Above Allen Cr. Res. 9 9 15 15 15 9 6 6 6/9 15 15 15 Johnson Cr. Below Polie Cr. 6 6 10 10 10 6 4 4 4/6 10 6 6 Brush Cr. Mouth 6 6 11 H' 11 6 4 4 4/6 11 6 6 .( Howard Cr. Below W. Fk. Howard Cr. 12 12 20 20· 20 12 8 8 8/12 20:; 12 12 Lookout Cr. Above Jungle Cr. 11 11 22 2~ 22 11 7 7 7/11 22 11 11 Gray Cr. Below Lytle Cr. 7 7/10 17 17 17 10 7 7 7 7 7 7 S. Fk. Crooked R. Below Twelvernile Cr. 14 14/21 31 31. 31 2r 14 14 14 14. 14 14 Beaver Cr. BelCJW Wolf Cr. 34 34/50 84 84 84 50 34 34 34 34 34 34 Wolf Cr. Below Miles Cr. 19 19/29 45 45 45 29 19 1919 19 19 19 3 3 Sugar Cr. Stream mile 3.5 3 3/5 8 B 8 5 3 3 3 3 13 13 13 N. Fk. Beaver Cr. Below powell Cr. 13 13/20 33 33 33 20 13 13 13 13 13 13 S. Fk. Beaver Cr. Below Rock Cr. 13 13/20 33 33 33 20 13 13 13 50 30 30 Squaw Cr. Below USGS Gage 14-0750 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20/30 .. .. Below Camp Polk 33 33 50 50 50 33 33 33 33 33t 33 33 10 6 6· Indian Ford Cr•. Below Glaze Meadow 6 4 4 4 .. 4 .. " 4/6 ~. /' '('" ., ) "(ll' (~J bl "If::, .~) .lWr! ~'i~; ~ ~ ,.V-6-..Je,J (vi PS . .,:.. : . .... .., ' Appendix 2. .(continued) Stream Location Jan.. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Three Cr. Below Snow Cr. 10 10 17 17 17 10 7 7 7/10 17 10 10 !/ Flows are expressed in cubic feet per second. The recommended flows 8ho~ld arrive at the point of recommendatiqn and continue to the mouth of the stream or to the next point for which a different flow is recommended •. Stream flows recommended in Appendix 2 are designed for game fish production ~nd are not necessarily adequate for wildlife, especially waterfowl and forbearers. Neither would they necessarily be recommended below future impoundments. . ~ I < • '" ... "."" , '"'' ... ~ ... i ./;rr~:r.~' '\ OJ . . , I ) Appendix 2. (continued) Temp. 0p. Flow Stream Location Date Time Water Air cra Sugar Cr. River Mile 4 4-16-69 10.30 AM 41 7.4 5-14-69 11100 AM 50 - ;3.6 7-31-69 12:40 PM 60 -68 ~.O* 8-27-69 11.55 AM 53 68 1.9 10-2-69 10:10 AM 48 - ~.8 10-23-69 12,45 PM 49 - 2.5 11-26-69 10:20 AM 40 - 2.3 South Fork Beaver Mouth 4-16-69 9.30 AM 44 - 69 Cr. 5~14-69 10100 AM 50 - 30 6-18-69 11.55 AM 64 - 4.6 7-31-69 12.05 PM 64 85 1.4* 8-27-69 11.35 AM 60 70 1.8 10-2-69 9:40 AM 50 - 0.7 10-23-69 1:10 PM 52 - 1.1 11-26-69 10~00 AM 36 1.6 w - .;:: North Fork Beaver River Mile 2 4-16-69 9:00 AM 40 - pI Cr. 4-25-69 9:~5 AM 41 38 ~8 5-14-69 9:30 AM 54 - 17 5-27-69 4:00 PM 65 - 4.4 6-18-69 11140 A~l 70 - 0.6 7-31-69 12:15 PM 70 86 O~2* , 8-27-69 11:25 AM 60 69 0.2 10-2-69 9130 AM 48 - 0.3 10-23-69 1:00 PM 51 - 0.3 Squaw Cr. River Mile 17 3-31-69 12:30 PM - - 20 4-15-69 11120 AM . 56 - 7.7 5-26-69 3140 PM 53 - 25 7-28-69 3:05 PM 70 - 6.1 8-27~69 1:35 PM 63 70 6.9 10-1-69 3155 PM 52 55 i4 10-24-69 10,15 AM 42 48 .35 11-26-69 8:40 AM 34 28 48 lJ " Appendix 2. (continued) Temp. of. Flow Streem Location Date Time Water Air cf's Little Deschute3 R. Below Hemlock Cr. 8-25-69 2:30 PM 56 81 36 {cont.} 9-11-69 11.00 AM 50 76 46 9-30-69 1a15 PM 47 47 )3 10-22-69 3:40 PM 44 -- 41 11-24-69 2: 20 Plol 3i -- )2 8-26-70 1:10 PM 55 -- ~4 Paulina Cr. River Mile 5 5-13;.69 11.00 AM 49 -- 8.0 5-27... 69. 9.30 AM 41 IS 6-18-69 5.10 PH 71 84-- 15 6-27-69 ·9:00 AM 43 45 24 7-1-69 5:30 PM 68 -- 18 7-10-69 4:30 PM 73 -- 12 7-23-69 9:10 AM 56 66 13 8-25-69 3:50 PM 66 . 80 14 9-30-69 :h20 PH 48 52 4.0 u 0::; 10-22-69 5:20 PM 50 -- 6.1 11-24-69 4:15 PM -- -- Dry Crescent Cr. River Mile 4 6-18-69 4:15 PM 70 82 107 6-27-69 10:00 AM 53 46 .\08 7-2-69 8:10 AM 60 -... l35 7-11-69 9:05 AM 62 -- 150* 9-,30-69 2:35 PH 53 50 10J 10-22-69 4,40 PH 50 -- 84 11-24-69 3:20 PM 36 -- 37 3-24-70 11:,30 AM 4,3 52 124 4-21-70 10:,30 AM -- -- 110* 5-5-70 3:00 PM 58 64 108 6-2-70 4:00 PM -- 110* 6-2)-70 1:)0 PM --67 84 181 8-26-70 2:15 PM 6) 320 Crescent Cr.. Below Crescent Lake 6-18-69 10:)0 AM 59 -- 2.0* 7:"11-69 1,10 PM 65 -- 90 7-23-69 11:50 AM 66 84 .t.57 7-29-69 11:55 AM 69 -- f53 I. _.J \.,.,.-' J '\ I, I I " Appendix 2. (continued) Temp. DF. Flow Stream Location Date Time Water Air CIS Whitefish Cr. Mouth 6-18-69 10:55 AM 47 74 6) 6-21-69 1:)0 PM 41 52 43 1-2-69 11:00 AM 50 - j2 7-11-69 11: 55 At-I 54 - 13 7-29-69 12:05 P:'I 52 - 2.0· 8-25-69 12:50 PM 54 14 0.3 9-30-69 12105 PM 46 46 0.2* 10-22-69 1150 PM ,46 - 0.3* 11-24-69 1110 PM 35 0.5 , - , Summit Cr. River Mile 1 ' 6-18-69 11155 AM 58 16 i'6 6-21-69 1,45 PM 50 - IS 7-2-69 11125 AM 60 - 14 7-11-69 12:05 PM 60 - 4.7 7-29-69 12:15 PM 58 - 0.4* 8-25-69 1:35 PM -- Dry 9-30-69 12120 PM -- 45 D,ry ~ 0 10-22-69 2:00 PH -- -- Dry 11-24-69 ,IllS PM -- -- Dry Hemlock Cr. Below Spruee Cr. 5-13-69 1:20 PM -- 80· 6-18-69 2:30 PM --52 80 40 1-29-69 2;30 PM 59 - 1'8 8-25-69 2:20 PM 55 80 li2 -9-30-69 1:20 PM 41 50 1~2 10-2'2-69 3:30 PM 43 - 9.5 11-24-69 2115 PM 35 - 1.1 Spruce Cr. River Mile 2 6-21-69 12:00 NOON 45 50 1.0 7-29-69 2145 PM 55 - ).1 8-25-69 2:10 PM 52 82 3.3 9-)0-69 1;30 PM 41 52 1.6 10-22-69 ):15 PM 41 - 2.5 11-24-69 2:00 PM 34 - 1.4 --- 1'"",-1 ." --..; l"," I"",j . ../ ") ,.. Appendix 2. Recanmended Optimum Flows for' Fish ·Ufe.·'Deschutes Bilsin y -. '. Strell1'll . _ LclcatJ.oJl . _ ._..1~ F~. Mar. Apr. May_iTune o!~ _~Uq. sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.' • ~.1 Deschutes R. Pelton Dam to mouth (. • .. Bend to Round Butte Res. 250 . 250 250 . 250 250, 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 • " L. Deschutes R. to Bend 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 I. ;.. .. " Wickiup Dam to Little 400 . 400 '400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 / Desehutes·R. . " " Crane prairie Dam to. 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 . 130 Wickiup Reservoir " At USGS Gage 14-0500 60 60 100 100 100 60 60 60 100 100 100 100 Buck Hallow Cr. At mouth 35 60 60 60 60 35 2S 25 25 25 25 25 White i\. Below Gate Cr. 100 100/145 180 ·180 180 145 100 100 100 100 100 100 .. " Above lUi? Cr. SO 50/76 105 105 105 76 50 50 50 50 50 50 Tygh Cr. Below Badger Cr. 40 40/60 95 95 95 60 40 40 40 40 40 40 .. Below Jordon Cr. 22 22/33 48 48 48 33 22 22 22 22 ~ 22 22 .. .. Above Jordon Cr. 10 10/15 25 25 25 15 10 10 10 10 10 10 -yBadger Cr. Below Little Badger Cr. 45 45/70 87 87. 87 70 45 45 45 45 45 45 .. .. Above Little Badger Cr • 17 17/25 34 34 34 25 17 17 17 17 17 17 L. Badger Cr. Mouth a 8/12 20 20 20 12 8 S S 8 ·8 8 Jordon Cr. Mouth 13 13/19 32 32 32 19 13 13 13 13 13 13 Threemile Cr. (wtt, fit f.) Mouth 13 13/20 25 25 ~25 20 13 13 13 13 13 13 Gate Cr. Below s. Fk. Gate Cr. 13 13119 30 30 30 19 13 13 13 13 13 13 Crane Cr. Below Forest Cr. 10 10/15 20 20 20 15 10 10 10 10 10 10 , 8 Forest Cr. Mouth 8 8/12 20 20 20 12 8 8 8 8 8 21 Clear Cr. 1\bove Frog Cr. 21 21/32 36 36 36 32 21 21 21 21 21 10 Frog Cr. Mouth 10 10/15 25 25 25 15 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 Bakeoven Cr. Below Salt Cr. 20 4~ 40 40 40 30 20 20 20 33 33 Trout· Cr. Below Antelope Cr. 33 67/105 105 105 105 67 67/33 33 33 33 .. Below Clover Cr • 17 40/60 60 60 60 40 40/17 17 17 17 17 17 10 . 10 10 10 10 10 Hay Cr. Below Wilson Cr. 15 25 25 25 25 15 20 Antelope Cr. Below Cold Camp Cr. 30 50 50 50 50 30 20 20 20 20 20 \ , )-~ , . ... r: ' Appendix .' , 2 • (continued) Temp. of. Flow Stre~m Location Date Time Water Air ef'e Odell Lake Trapper Cr. 100 yds. above 6-27-69 2:)0 PM 46 64 , - 'A mouth 7-2-69 1,00 PM 46 55 7-11-69 3110 PM 50 - 45 7-23-69 1:05PM 46 -86 36 7-29-69 11:20 AM 41 - )8 8-15-69 2:00 PM 47 - 31 8-25-69 11:)0 AM 40 58 34 9-11-69 2:00 PM 4) 78 38 . 9-)0-69 101)5 AM 40 .50 44 10-22-69 12115.PM )8 - 29 B-26-6.2__ 11:45 AM 42 - 30 * Estimated rlow. ~ \.n '-;' -' \. ...~: