Reggiane OMI Presidenza, Segreteria E Amministrazione (1904-1994)

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Reggiane OMI Presidenza, Segreteria E Amministrazione (1904-1994) MINISTERO DEI BENI E DELLE ATTIVITÀ CULTURALI E DEL TURISMO SOPRINTENDENZA ARCHIVISTICA PER L’EMILIA ROMAGNA Reggiane OMI Presidenza, Segreteria e Amministrazione (1904-1994) Inventario parziale a cura di Anna Casotto, Davide Chieregatti, Valentina Andreotti (Cooperativa “Le pagine”) 2013 I La realizzazione dell’ inventario è stata finanziata dalla Soprintendenza archivistica per l’Emilia-Romagna, grazie ai fondi della quota dell’otto per mille dell’IRPEF devoluta a diretta gestione statale per l’anno 2010. Direzione scientifica Stefano Vitali e Ingrid Germani L’archivio è stato dichiarato di interesse storico particolarmente importante con provvedimento emanato il 20 aprile 2010 dalla Direzione regionale per i beni culturali e paesaggistici dell’Emilia- Romagna del Ministero dei beni e delle attività culturali e del turismo. La consistenza complessiva è di 3338 unità (fascc. 2431, regg. 460, mzz. 266, voll. 164, quadd. 8, opuscc. 8, bollettino 1) L’archivio è conservato presso POLO ARCHIVISTICO REGGIANO Chiostri di S. Domenico, Via Dante Alighieri 11, 42121 Reggio Emilia Tel. 0522 456125 Fax 0522 442668 Referente Massimo Storchi [email protected] II III Sommario Presentazione di S. Vitali e I. Germani p. VI Le Officine Reggiane di A. Casotto p. VIII Le vicende dell’archivio di I. Germani p. XX Nota metodologica p. XXVI Tavola delle abbreviazioni p. XXVIII Tavola degli acronimi p. XXIX Indice delle serie p. XXXVI Inventario pp. 1-473 IV V Presentazione Questo primo strumento di ricerca dell’ archivio storico d’impresa, le “Reggiane”, è definito nel titolo “inventario parziale”. Parziale non perché il contenuto delle 500 pagine di descrizione archivistica pecchi di incompletezza e imprecisione, anzi tutt’altro. Ci troviamo di fronte ad un lavoro estremamente analitico e svolto con passione da Anna Casotto, Davide Chieregatti e Valentina Andreotti, i tre giovani archivisti della Cooperativa Le Pagine di Ferrara alla quale nell’aprile 2012 la Soprintendenza archivistica per l’Emilia-Romagna ha affidato l’incarico della schedatura, ordinamento e descrizione inventariale della parte di archivio delle “Reggiane” depositato, dall’anno precedente, presso il Polo archivistico di Reggio Emilia. L’inventario è parziale perché quella descritta è porzione limitata, sebbene molto significativa ed importante, dell’intero archivio, che attualmente si trova suddiviso in più sedi. Solo dopo che esso sarà stato ricondotto ad unità potrà essere elaborato uno strumento di ricerca completo nel quale i vari nuclei potranno essere integrati all’interno di una unica e coerente struttura organica. Pur con questi limiti, questo inventario rende possibile ai ricercatori e a tutti gli interessati, la consultazione e lo studio di una fonte importantissima per la storia di una realtà industriale la cui rilevanza va ben oltre i confini della città di Reggio. Ciò costituisce un primo tangibile risultato di un’opera di recupero dell’archivio che ha visto nei quattro anni trascorsi la convergenza e l’impegno corale di numerose istituzioni ed organizzazioni pubbliche e private, coinvolte a vario titolo e in varia misura nel salvataggio di un bene culturale il cui valore non è solo locale ma nazionale e che ha seriamente rischiato di andare disperso o distrutto. Non poco è stato fatto, ma molto ancora resta da fare. In primo luogo è necessario che sia individuata una sede idonea nella quale l’archivio possa essere ricomposto e reso fruibile nella sua interezza. Occorre poi proseguire nell’attività di inventariazione, non solo per quanto concerne le serie non comprese in questo inventario, ma soprattutto per descrivere e ordinare l’imponente quantità di disegni tecnici, che non solo richiedono competenze specialistiche di alto livello ma che esigono anche trattamenti conservativi assai impegnativi sotto vari aspetti: restauro, contenitori adatti alle dimensioni spesso di grande formato, riproduzione fotografica digitale per favorirne la consultazione. Siamo certi che i risultati conseguiti non sono che un primo passo di un percorso che potrà essere completato in un futuro non lontano affinché la memoria delle Reggiane e di quanti vi hanno lavorato, continui ad essere un punto di riferimento per il futuro della città di Reggio e dell’intera comunità nazionale. Stefano Vitali – Ingrid Germani Soprintendenza archivistica per l’Emilia Romagna VI Molte sono le persone che hanno contribuito all’esito positivo della prima fase del progetto complessivo di recupero dell’archivio delle “Reggiane”. Tutti ci è gradito ricordare nei nostri ringraziamenti: - in primo luogo chi ha favorito l’acquisizione dei documenti, Luciano Fantuzzi patron delle “Reggiane” e Domenico Zambetti della Società Ligestra - per la parte progettuale il Comune di Reggio Emilia nelle persone di Graziano Delrio, Giovanni Catellani, Giordano Gasparini, Giovanni Guidotti, Eleonora Bronzoni; Istoreco e il Polo archivistico reggiano nelle persone di Mirco Carrattieri, Nando Rinaldi, Massimo Storchi, Michele Bellelli - per la prima ricognizione Brunella Argelli, Mirella Plazzi e Francesca Ricci di IBC - per il lavoro di ordinamento e inventariazione di questa prima parte dell’archivio, svolto con passione e competenza, gli archivisti Anna Casotto, Davide Chieregatti e Valentina Andreotti (Le Pagine scarl di Ferrara) - per le difficili operazioni di recupero le archiviste Franca Manzini (Ge.A.sas di Parma) e Cristina Gnudi (Blukappa srl di Biandrate-No), oltre ad Anna Casotto e Davide Chieregatti - per le analisi microbiologiche sullo stato di conservazione Giorgio Chiusa (Centro per la protezione dei Beni Culturali dagli Organismi Dannosi, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Piacenza) - per i primi restauri conservativi le restauratrici Caterina Manfredi e Lorenza Fenzi VII Le Officine Reggiane Profilo storico La Cassa di Risparmio di Reggio Emilia, nel gennaio del 1901, stanziò a fondo perduto la somma di L. 50.000 per la creazione di un’officina meccanica che occupasse almeno 50 dipendenti. L’Ingegnere Romano Righi accolse l’offerta e impiantò una fonderia con annessa officina meccanica, specializzandosi nella produzione di carri ferroviari. In seguito al crescente numero di ordinazioni, l’Ing. Righi si trovò costretto ad ampliare la base finanziaria della sua attività1. Il 1° dicembre 1904 fu costituita la società anonima “Officine Meccaniche Reggiane”, con rogito del notaio Enrico Vivi di Reggio Emilia2. Nel marzo 1913 l’azienda cambia la propria ragione sociale in “Officine Meccaniche Italiane Società Anonima” in seguito all’aumento di capitale sociale e all’assorbimento della SOFIA (Società Officine Ferroviarie Italiane Anonima). Allo scoppio del primo conflitto mondiale, le Reggiane indirizzarono la loro produzione verso le lavorazioni belliche, in particolar modo proiettili, affusti e loro parti, e ogive, raggiungendo il numero di 5000 operai impiegati nella produzione3. Nel 1918 le Reggiane ampliarono la loro capacità produttiva assorbendo il Proiettificio di Modena, il quale fu poi adibito, in seguito alla fine del conflitto, alla costruzione e riparazione del materiale mobile ferroviario4. Nel 1920 fu incorporata la S.A.M.L. (Società Anonima Meccanica Lombarda) di Monza, e conseguentemente iniziò la produzione di impianti e macchine per molini, silos, risifici, pastifici e laterizi. Nel corso degli anni ’20 l’azienda attraversò una fase di difficoltà e per consolidare la propria situazione finanziaria mise in atto, nel 1928, un piano di “concentramento” delle proprie attività A cura di Anna Casotto 1 S. Spreafico, Un’industria, una città, Il Mulino, Bologna, 1968, p. 11 2 Nell’atto costitutivo del 1904 all’art. I si legge che la Società aveva per oggetto “l’industria delle costruzioni meccaniche e metalliche in genere ed in ispecie la fabbricazione di materiale rotabile per ferrovie e tramvie”. A partire dal 1913 l’oggetto della società incluse anche le macchine agricole e dal 1920 anche le costruzioni elettriche in genere e la possibilità di “prendere o concedere partecipazione ed interessanze sotto qualunque forma in Società, imprese od affari consimili o sussidiari ed assumere qualsivoglia affare in cui trovino impiego i suoi prodotti”. 3 S. Spreafico, op. cit., p. 27 4 Ibidem, pp. 22-28 VIII produttive, cedendo lo stabilimento di Modena e chiudendo quello di Monza; in questo modo le attività produttive furono tutte concentrate negli stabilimenti di Reggio Emilia5. La crisi economica mondiale del ’29 non risparmiò l’azienda reggiana, che nel marzo del 1933 fu assistita in maniera consistente dal neo nato Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale che entrò in possesso del pacchetto azionario di maggioranza delle Reggiane6. Il periodo di controllo delle Reggiane da parte dell’IRI rappresentò solo una breve parentesi. A soli due anni di distanza il Conte Gianni Caproni rileva dall’IRI l’intero pacchetto azionario di maggioranza7. L’azienda in quell’occasione modifica la ragione sociale in “Reggiane” Officine Meccaniche Italiane Società Anonima in forma abbreviata “Reggiane”. Le Reggiane entrarono così nel complesso industriale rappresentato dal “Gruppo Caproni” che proiettò l’azienda in una fase di grande sviluppo, favorito dalla collaborazione tecnica con altri stabilimenti appartenenti al Gruppo Caproni, quali Isotta Fraschini, Fabbriche d’armi di Brescia, Officine Caproni-Taliedo, e le Officine Motori Carraro. In questo periodo furono organizzati due nuovi e importantissimi settori di produzione che avrebbero segnato la storia delle Reggiane: aeroplani e motori per
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