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Bestand Und Identität Der Human-Teratologischen Präparate

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Bestand Und Identität Der Human-Teratologischen Präparate Aus dem Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie an der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg (Direktor: Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Dr. agr. Bernd Fischer) Bestand und Identität der human-teratologischen Präparate in den Meckel’schen Sammlungen unter besonderer Berücksich- tigung des wissenschaftlichen Werkes von Johann Friedrich Meckel dem Jüngeren (1781-1833) Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Medizin (Dr. med.) vorgelegt der Medizinischen Fakultät der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg von Ulf Rudyard Klunker geboren am 16.05.1976 in Halle/Saale Betreuer: Prof. Dr. sc. med. Rüdiger Schultka Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. R. Schultka 2. Prof. Dr. J. Neumann 3. Prof. Dr. J. Fanghänel (Greifswald) 07.01.2003 25.06.2003 urn:nbn:de:gbv:3-000005185 [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=nbn%3Ade%3Agbv%3A3-000005185] Referat und bibliographische Beschreibung Johann Friedrich Meckel der Jüngere (1781-1833) ist das berühmteste Mitglied der Anatomendynastie Meckel. Bekannt sind vor allem Begriffe wie Meckel’sches Divertikel (1809), Meckel’scher Knorpel (1820) und Meckel-Syndrom (1822). Einen Großteil seiner wissen- schaftlichen Arbeit richtete Meckel d. J. auf die Erforschung von menschlichen und tierischen Missbildungen. Er wird als Begründer der modernen Teratologie angesehen. Als Forschungs- grundlage diente Meckel d. J. der Präparatefundus seiner privaten anatomischen Sammlungen, die er aus dem Familienerbe übernahm und bis zu seinem Tode auf etwa 12.000 Exemplare ausbaute. Zu dieser Zeit gliederten sich die Sammlungen in einen human-anatomischen, einen vergleichend-anatomischen und einen pathologisch-anatomischen Bereich. Dieser umfasste einzigartige Präparate von menschlichen und tierischen Missbildungen, aber auch Präparate von Frakturen, Hernien und Tumoren. Der heutige human-teratologische Sammlungsbestand des Institutes für Anatomie und Zellbiologie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg ist aus dem pathologisch-anatomischen Teil der Meckel’schen Sammlungen hervorgegangen. Zahlreiche widrige Umstände in der Nach-Meckel-Zeit führten dazu, dass viele Präparate verloren gingen und sich die Zusammensetzung des Bestandes veränderte. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Analyse des heutigen human-teratologischen Sammlungsbestandes. Arbeitsgrundlage stellte eine neu durchgeführte Bestandsaufnahme und Katalogisierung der Präparate dar. In weiteren Arbeitsschritten wurde gezielt nach originalen Forschungspräparaten von J. F. Meckel d. J. und seinen Schülern gefahndet. Ausgewählte Präparate wurden morphologisch nachuntersucht und neu befundet. Zum Einsatz kamen dabei auch moderne Untersuchungsverfahren. Die Zielstellung bestand u. a. darin, die verschiedenen Krankheitsbilder zu klassifizieren und den Bestand neu zu systematisieren. In den ersten Abschnitten der Arbeit wird auf die verwendeten Quellen sowie die Ver- fahrensweise zur Identifizierung und Nachuntersuchung der Präparate eingegangen. Im Hauptteil werden 54 ausgewählte Präparate, vor allem wesentliche Forschungspräparate von Meckel d. J. und seinen Schülern, beschrieben. Abschließend werden einige wesentliche Ge- sichtspunkte zur Missbildungslehre von J. F. Meckel d. J. erläutert. Der heutige human-teratologische Sammlungsbestand des Institutes für Anatomie und Zell- biologie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg beherbergt unschätzbar wertvolle Präparate, die die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen von Johann Friedrich Meckel d. J. (1781- 1833), dem Begründer der modernen Teratologie, dokumentieren. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll an diese Leistungen erinnern und zugleich anmahnen, die ehemaligen Meckel’schen Sammlungen als bedeutendes Kulturerbe dauerhaft wissenschaftlich zu betreuen, zu pflegen und zu erhalten. Klunker, Rudyard: Bestand und Identität der human-teratologischen Präparate in den Meckel’schen Sammlungen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des wissenschaftlichen Werkes von Johann Friedrich Meckel dem Jüngeren (1781-1833). Halle, Univ., Med. Fak., Diss., 132 Seiten, 2003 Inhalt 1. Einleitung und Zielstellung..................................................................................S. 1 2. Methoden und Material.......................................................................................S. 2 2.1 Inventarisierung des human-teratologischen Sammlungsbestandes........ ......... S. 2 2.2 Morphologische Zuordnung der Präparate......................................................... S. 3 2.3 Verfahrensweise zu Suche und Identifikation originaler Forschungspräparate aus der Meckel-Ära anhand des Quellenstudiums.......... ................................... S. 4 2.4 Historische Kataloge...........................................................................................S. 5 2.4.1 Katalog von Gustav Wilhelm Münter (1835)....................................................... S. 5 2.4.2 Katalog von Eduard d’Alton (1841).................................................................... S. 6 2.4.3 Accessionskatalog von Alfred Wilhelm Volkmann und Max Schultze (1857)..... S. 7 2.4.4 „Index“ von Eduard d’Alton (1853)............................................................……… S. 8 2.4.5 Katalog von Henrik Carl Bang Bendz (1834)...................................................... S. 8 3. Zum heutigen human-teratologischen Sammlungsbestand................................ S. 9 3.1 Besondere Probleme, die bei der Inventarisierung und der Analyse des human- teratologischen Sammlungsbestandes auftraten................................................ S. 10 3.2 Zuordnung nachweisbarer Präparate................................................................. S. 11 3.3 Präparate zur Dissertation von Johann Friedrich Meckel d. J. (1802)................ S. 12 3.4 Präparate zum Meckel’schen Divertikel (Meckel 1809)...................................... S. 15 3.4.1 Zur „Kloakbildung”...............................................................................................S. 20 3.4.2 Präparate zur Dissertation von Carl Thamm (1799)........................................... S. 21 3.5 Präparate zur „Hemicephalie“.............................................................................S. 22 3.5.1 Quelle: „Handbuch der pathologischen Anatomie“ (Meckel 1812)...................... S. 23 3.5.2 Quelle: „Deutsches Archiv für die Physiologie“ (Meckel 1822); Präparate zum Meckel-Syndrom.................................................................................................S. 25 3.5.3 Das Meckel-Syndrom in der Nach-Meckel-Zeit.................................................. S. 31 3.5.4 Pathologie und Genetik des Meckel-Syndroms.................................................. S. 32 3.5.5 Quelle: „Anatomisch-physiologische Beobachtungen und Untersuchungen“ (Meckel 1822).....................................................................................................S. 33 3.5.6 Quelle: „Descriptio monstrorum nonnullorum cum corollariis anatomico- physiologicis” (Meckel 1826).......……………………………………….................. S. 34 3.5.7 Dissertation von Anton Friedrich Hohl (1827)..................................................... S. 39 3.5.8 Quelle: „Geschichte eines Microcephalen; seine Geburt, äußere Beschaffenheit und Erhaltung am Leben durch 70 ½ Stunde“ (Hohl 1828)........ S. 43 3.5.9 Quelle: „Die Doppelbildungen und angebornen Geschwülste der Kreuzbein- gegend in anatomischer und klinischer Beziehung“ (Braune 1862) ................... S. 47 3.5.10 „Hemicephalie”……………………………………………………………..............… S. 50 3.6 Präparate zur „Rachitis congenita“ (Meckel 1822).............................................. S. 54 3.6.1 Kurze Übersicht zur Geschichte der Rachitis……………………………………... S. 59 3.6.2 „Rachitis congenita“................................................................................…….....S. 60 3.6.3 Genese der Rachitis……………………………………………………….............… S. 61 3.6.4 Zu den Fortschritten bei der Erforschung der „Rachitis congenita“ – Klassifi- zierung verschiedener Krankheitsbilder.............................................................. S. 62 3.6.5 Osteogenesis imperfecta....................................................................................S. 63 3.6.6 Achondroplasie bzw. Chondrodystrophie............................................................ S. 63 3.7 Präparate zu „Verschmelzungsbildungen“ (Meckel 1826).................................. S. 64 3.7.1 Zur „Sirenenbildung“...........................................................................................S. 65 3.7.2 Zur „Cyclopenbildung“.........................................................................................S. 72 3.8 Teratologische Präparate, die Schüler von J. F. Meckel d. J. für ihre Disser- tationen herangezogen haben............................................................................S. 73 3.9 Präparate zur Dissertation von Maximilian Theodor Niemeyer (1833)............... S. 73 3.10 Zur Harnblasen- und Symphysenspalte.............................................................. S. 77 3.10.1 Präparate zur Dissertation von Friedrich Ludwig Krahmer (1833)...................... S. 77 3.10.2 Präparate zur Dissertation von Friedrich Wilhelm Ruecker (1832)..................... S. 79 3.11 Präparate zur Dissertation von Carl Mueller (1831)............................................ S. 81 4. Entstehung und Zusammensetzung des human-teratologischen Sammlungsbestandes.........................................................................................S. 83 4.1 Beurteilung der Häufigkeit der in den
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