Olympic sportswear companies’ exploitation of Bangladeshi workers War on Want is a movement of people committed to global justice.
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PLAYFAIR 2012
War on Want is a member of the Playfair 2012 campaign, a UK coalition of trade unions and labour rights organisations fighting for the rights of workers making sportswear for the London 2012 Olympics. www.playfair2012.org.uk Preface 01
The Olympic Games are much more than minimum wage in Bangladesh, let alone a celebration of sporting achievement. As a living wage that would allow them to meet conceived by Pierre de Coubertin, founder their basic needs. Two thirds of the workers of the modern Olympics, the Games embody we spoke to work over 60 hours the highest ideals of our common humanity: a week producing goods for the sportswear fair play, decency and respect for all. The brands, again breaching Bangladeshi labour London 2012 Olympics have reaffirmed law. Many suffer abuse in the workplace, this spirit, and promised us a Games whose including sexual harassment and beatings. “lasting legacy” will be lived out for years to come. War on Want has long worked in partnership with garment workers in Bangladesh, For multinational sportswear companies, the supporting their struggles while mounting Olympics represent a unique opportunity to high-profile public campaigns for decency market their goods to worldwide audiences and respect in the supply chains of British and to associate their brands with the spirit retailers. Through organising in the workplace, of the Games. No other sporting event offers Bangladeshi trade unions like our partner the such a positive image of capitalist enterprise National Garment Workers’ Federation have in the service of a higher purpose. Yet behind won significant improvements in their pay and the gloss and glamour, many of these same conditions – including an 80% increase in the companies are failing to play fair with the minimum wage for the lowest paid garment very people who make their goods. workers in 2010. Yet there is still a long way to go. This report presents a detailed picture of the conditions faced by workers in No companies should be allowed to wrap Bangladesh, mostly women, who produce themselves in the Olympic flag unless they the sportswear sold by leading brands Adidas, guarantee basic rights to all their workers. Nike and Puma. All three companies have London 2012 is our opportunity to extend invested heavily in the Games: Adidas is the the Olympic spirit of fair play beyond the official sportswear partner of the London Games themselves, so that all those Olympics, while Nike is sponsor of a range producing goods for sportswear brands in of high profile teams including the USA and factories around the world can benefit, both athletes such as Mark Cavendish and Paula now and into the future. Now that would be Radcliffe. Puma’s logo is emblazoned across an Olympic legacy worth celebrating. the chest of the world’s fastest man, Usain Bolt.
Based on our face-to-face interviews with workers producing their sportswear, Adidas, Nike and Puma are failing to uphold the Olympic ideals of fair play and respect. Five John Hilary of the six factories covered by our research Executive Director do not even pay their workers the legal War on Want Olympic values, Olympian profits 02 s
r The Olympic Games are a celebration to campaigns against the widespread e k r exploitation and abuse of workers producing
o of human achievement, of fair play w
i and of respect. This concept of the goods for them. Yet all too little has changed h s
e for the nearly two million workers producing
d Olympics is deeply rooted – the a l goods for these three brands in some of the g Olympic charter states that it “seeks n
a world’s poorest countries. B
to create a way of life based on the f o
n joy of effort, the educational value o i t
a of good example, social responsibility t i o
l and respect for universal fundamental p
x 1 e ethical principles.” ’ s e i n a
p The modern Olympic Games are also much m
o more than a sporting event. They are a shared c
r
a global experience, with over four billion e w
s people expected to watch the London 2012 t
r 2 o Games on television. This enormous global Adidas has spent £100 million on the p s Olympics, securing its place as the only c audience attracts huge interest from i p official sportswear partner of London 2012. 3 m corporate sponsorship and advertising, a now y l
O inescapable aspect of the Olympics. These In return for its financial commitment, Adidas
m will clothe the 70,000 volunteers who help o companies aim not only to maximise the t t
o opportunity of enormous television run the Games and has the sole rights to b
e produce goods with the Olympic logo. Adidas h audiences for the Games, but to ensure that t
o hopes to achieve over £100 million in sales t
their brand is associated with the positive e
c from its Olympic clothing lines alone. More
a values and ideals of the Olympics.
R importantly, it hopes to use the boost to its For the London Games there are 25 official brand from the Olympics to overtake Nike corporate sponsors and another 28 official as the UK’s sportswear market leader corporate suppliers across industries as – increasing sales across all of its product diverse as food, cars, banking and electronics. lines. 4 In addition to the partnership with the However, the Olympic Games are of Games, Adidas is also the official sponsor of particular significance to the global Team GB and a range of high profile British sportswear industry, where sponsorship of athletes including David Beckham, expected the Games, individual teams or athletes is to play in the British football team, the 2009 worth hundreds of millions of pounds and is world champion heptathlete Jessica Ennis, vital to maintaining a company’s brand image. tennis player Andy Murray and the current women’s 400 metre Olympic gold medal While these companies all strive for the holder Christine Ohuruogu. profile and association with the positive values of the Olympic Games, in practice Adidas has more than 775,000 workers in the “respect for universal fundamental 1,200 factories across 65 countries making ethical principles” does not go much further its products. 5 Almost all of these jobs are than the companies’ public relations and outsourced, yet through its code of conduct advertising. It has been over a decade since and its relationships with its suppliers the the major sportswear brands signed up to company has enormous influence over their voluntary ‘codes of conduct’ in response working conditions, and ultimately their lives. 03 P h o t o :
F l i c k r ,
S h a w n
C a r p e n t e r
Nike is the world’s largest sportswear brand, Puma’s largest profile sponsorship deal is its holding nearly a third of the global market relationship with Usain Bolt, arguably the for athletic footwear, 6 with global sales in highest profile athlete taking part in the 2012 2010/11 totalling over £13 billion, earning Games as he defends his Olympic 100 metre the company over £1.3 billion in profit. 7 and 200 metre titles. Puma’s manufacturing is It secured its association with the Games outsourced to over 350 factories, a majority through the official sponsorship of a range of which are in developing economies, of high profile teams including the USA and involving around 300,000 workers. 9 athletes such as Mark Cavendish and Paula Radcliffe. This sponsorship aims to ensure the Nike ‘swoosh’ logo remains instantly recognisable throughout the world. Through its supply chains Nike influences the conditions of more than 800,000 employees in 700 factories across 45 countries. 8 Playing fair on pay? 04 s
r Bangladesh is the fourth largest e k r
o exporter of clothing in the world, w
i with garments accounting for nearly RAHIMA’S STORY h s
e 10
d 80% of the country’s export earnings.
a AGE: 21 l
g The reason so many multinational n a B
companies source clothing and
f SUPPLYING: ADIDAS o
n sportswear from Bangladesh is simple: o
i Rahima grew up in a village where her t
a it has the lowest minimum wage in t
i father drove a rickshaw van to earn a o
l Asia, guaranteeing some of the lowest p living, but his income was not enough x 11 e production costs in the world. While ’ to provide for the growing family. Rahima s e i low wages secure huge profits for the came to the capital when she was 16 n a
p global sportswear industry, the more in search of a job to contribute to the m o
c than three million workers in the family’s income. In 2007, she started work
r a
e Bangladesh clothing industry are left at a factory and soon after married a w
s rickshaw van driver and has one child. t with an income that is often less than r o
p the living wage. A living wage is s
c The factory requires her to work for i
p internationally recognised as one
m more than 12 hours a day, seven days a y
l that covers the cost of basic necessities
O week and so she cannot spend time with
m such as food, shelter, clothing, health
o her child. Working overtime is mandatory; t t and education. o her colleagues are beaten if they refuse b
e
h to work more hours. Sometimes the t
o
t Trade unions in Bangladesh have fought hard
factory does not pay the employees for e
c to secure fair wages and in 2010 achieved
a three consecutive months, and if during R significant minimum wage increases for this time a worker resigns they are not workers in the clothing and sportswear paid for that time at all. She says the industries. The lowest paid garment workers managers constantly verbally and physically gained an 80% increase, bringing their abuse the workers at the factory. minimum earnings to 3,000 Bangladeshi taka a month. Based on the standard not even meet the minimum wage. At the Bangladeshi working week the minimum factories supplying Adidas, the basic salary wage for garment workers is the equivalent of the lowest paid workers was just 2,290 of earning 94p a day. Even after this increase, taka a month on average, just 72p a day. wages still fall far below the living wage. The overall average basic salary for all the Adidas, Nike and Puma all publicly state workers was 3,775 taka a month, £1.18 a day. that their suppliers must pay any national minimum wage, but none have yet To put these wages in context, the average committed to implementing a living wage household we spoke to spent over 5,000 taka for their workers. 12 on food alone, nearly 2,000 taka on rent and a further 1,300 taka on healthcare, education and To assess the reality of workers’ pay, our transport every month. Most of the workers researchers visited six factories in Bangladesh lived in a single room with their families, sharing each supplying either Adidas, Nike or Puma. a kitchen and toilet with their neighbours. At five of the six factories we visited the basic salary for the lowest paid workers did Bangladeshi garment workers sew t-shirts at a factory in Dhaka
05 P h o t o :
A F P / G e t t y
I m a g e s
In a situation where their basic salary is so spectacular sponsorship packages for much lower than the cost of living, 30-40% Olympic athletes. Working for basic of all workers’ total pay was made up through pay without overtime, the workers overtime. Workers have little choice but to we spoke to would need to work for work exhausting and demanding overtime in 870 years to earn the £320,000 sponsorship order to make their total pay cover the cost package Adidas agreed with Jessica Ennis .13 of living. The average worker’s total pay This is dwarfed by the nearly 14,000 years including overtime was 5,600 taka; based on that they would have to work to earn the average weekly hours they worked, this Puma’s £5.1 million sponsorship package equates to just 16p an hour. with Usain Bolt .14 While the global sportswear brands are willing to pay The pay and conditions experienced by the a small fortune to the world’s top athletes workers producing goods for Adidas, Nike they remain unwilling to pay their workers and Puma stand in stark contrast to their a living wage. The daily marathon 06 s
r Low wages are not the only hardship e k r
o that workers in the sportswear industry w
i have to face each day. Excessive and SHAJEDA’S STORY h s e
d exhausting working hours are the
a AGE: 19 l
g industry standard, where employees n a B
in factories supplying Nike, Adidas
f SUPPLYING: NIKE o
n and Puma work hours that flout o
i Shajeda works as a sewing machine t
a Bangladeshi law and the sportswear t
i operator making jackets for Nike. She has o
l brands’ own codes of conduct. p been working in the clothing industry for x e
’ five years, having started work when she s e i Bangladeshi labour law clearly sets a was 14. There are seven people in her n a
p standard of a 48 hour working week, family and she works to support two of m o
c working eight hours a day, six days a week, her elderly relatives.
r a
e and a strict maximum of 60 hours a week w
s 15 The factory requires her to from 7am to t when overtime is included. Workers are r
o 16 4pm six days a week. But almost every day p also entitled to one full day off each week. s
c her floor manager bullies her and forces i
p In addition, Adidas, Nike and Puma all state
m her to work overtime, on average an y
l in their codes of conduct for suppliers that
O extra 12 hours each week.
m employees should not work more than 60 o t t hours a week including overtime, except in o b
e extraordinary circumstances, and that h
t “He uses the worst
o
t all workers must get at least one day off
e
c each week. a
R language you will Our research reveals a very different ever hear. Many picture. Two thirds of those we surveyed worked over 60 hours a week – in clear breach of Bangladeshi labour law and all workers have quit three companies’ policies. All the factories we visited that supply Adidas, Nike and Puma because of him. ” broke the law, illegally employing staff for Her basic salary is 2,500 taka a month, well over 60 hours a week. below the minimum wage, yet sometimes her overtime is unpaid. When it is paid she The low wages workers receive often mean earns just 20p an hour. Even with another that overtime is essential in order to be able two members of her family working they to provide for themselves and their families. struggle to cover the cost of housing, food At one factory supplying Puma nearly a third and healthcare. of the workers interviewed said they had done more than five night shifts in the previous month, often having to return to work the next morning. Paula Radcliffe running the New York City marathon
07
In many cases however, overtime is War on Want’s previous research has shown compulsory. If workers refuse to work the impacts of these excessive hours on overtime after a full working day, they are workers in the clothing industry. 17 Workers often marked as absent and have their face an increased risk of accidents due to pay for the whole day deducted. In one of exhaustion when working night shifts, and are the factories supplying Adidas workers concerned about long periods of separation reported their overtime being unpaid. from their children and families, a particular Many of the workers we spoke to said that concern for breastfeeding mothers. The they are only informed that overtime is burden of long hours falls especially hard required at the end of their normal working on women workers, who make up the vast day, disrupting their home and personal lives. majority of the Bangladeshi clothing industry and carry out unpaid domestic work which has to be completed before and after exhausting days in the clothing factories. P h o t o :
F l i c k r ,
B a r r y
Y a n o w i t z Women hit hardest 08 s
r Of the more than three million e k r
o employees working in the 5,000 w
i garment factories in Bangladesh, SHUMI’S STORY h s e
d 85% are women. Many of the impacts
a AGE: 35 l
g of exploitation within the clothing n a B
industry, such as long hours, hit women
f SUPPLYING: NIKE o
n harder than men, given the entrenched o
i “In November I asked my manager if I t
a cultural norms in which women are t
i could leave work early because I was o
l responsible for domestic work as well p feeling ill. My manager refused to let me go x e as taking care for their families. The ’ and sent me to the factory doctor who s e i codes of conduct for Adidas, Nike and only gave me paracetamol. Finally he let me n a
p Puma do not require their suppliers go, but only allowed me two days leave. m o
c to provide maternity leave or respect
r
a “When I returned to work I was still
e childcare responsibilities, only calling w
s exhausted and fell asleep at my sewing t on their suppliers not to actively r
o machine. My manager slapped the table p discriminate against women. s
c with a bang to startle me, I woke up i p
m shocked and terrified and began to cry. He y
l Given this lack of attention by the
O shouted at me and told me to take a week
m sportswear brands, it is little surprise that
o off without pay. On coming back to the t t their supplier factories do not respect their o factory I was made to stand by the b
e workers’ rights to maternity leave. By law h managers table for five hours as a t
o
t all Bangladeshi women are entitled to 16
punishment, then returned to work e
c weeks’ maternity leave on full pay for their
a without being allowed to eat.” R first two children, once they have been employed for six months. 18 Almost all of the workers we spoke to were confused about Day care facilities are vital to ensuring that their rights; some believed maternity leave children can remain with their families, as low was always unpaid. Of those who had recently wages mean that both parents usually have to had babies, some had received only two work to provide for their family’s needs. months’ pay, some three months’ and one Every factory that employs more than 40 just reported being given ‘leave’. women is required by law to provide suitable P h o t o :
T a r i f
R a h m a n A garment worker washing dishes at her home in Dhaka
09 P h o t o :
T a r i f
R a h m a n
day care facilities, 19 over a quarter we spoke Some of the female workers also reported to said that the facilities were not usable. that the cloth worn over their clothes to This frequently means that children have to cover the top of their chests, known as a be sent to stay with their grandparents, dupatta, is often pulled away or pulled down denying workers the opportunity to raise by their supervisors, in order to make them their own children. work better at their sewing machines. This act is humiliating for women in Bangladesh, where Sexual harassment and discrimination are also the dupatta has long been a cultural symbol widespread within the factories we visited. of modesty. Many of the women we interviewed said that they had been threatened not to speak Such routine abuse, harassment and out or report any sexual harassment or discrimination of women workers producing discrimination in the factories. In spite of goods is the hidden injustice of Adidas’, these threats, one in 10 of the female Nike’s and Puma’s global supply chains. workers we spoke to told us she had either been forced to, or threatened with being made to, undress in the workplace. Another one in 10 reported they had experienced other forms of sexual harassment at work. 1
Race to the bottom Olympic sportswear companies’ exploitation of Bangladeshi workers 0 D
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STATE OF REPRESSION The Bangladeshi clothing industry has long been characterised by strong worker-led protests and resistance to exploitation, abuse and unsafe conditions. In a situation where Bangladeshi garment factories routinely fail to meet legal minimum standards on pay, working hours and conditions, worker organising is vital to securing their legal rights.
In reality workers’ protests at garment factories have often been met with police brutality. Between January and June 2011, 430 workers were injured, largely by batons and rubber bullets, during five separate protests across the garment industry. 21 Campaigners and trade unionists have also suffered heavy-handed crackdowns from the state, with independent organisations closed down by the government and their officials charged with inciting worker unrest, beaten in police custody and threatened with being killed. 22
AMBIA’S STORY VIOLENCE AND ABUSE AGE: 28 It is a fundamental human right that all workers should be able to live and work free from SUPPLYING: NIKE verbal and physical abuse. Adidas, Nike and Puma all require that workers should be “A few months ago I was unable to treated with dignity and respect. We found fulfil my daily target. The floor manager little dignity or respect for workers producing yelled at me, swearing at me in front goods in Bangladesh. of my colleagues. I fought back for being addressed in such a rude manner and this Of those we spoke to, nearly one in three had reaction spurred my manager to keep been verbally abused by their managers, one in scolding me. four had been pushed while at work, one in five publicly humiliated and one in ten kicked He made me stand on the table or beaten. Some of the workers we spoke to to humiliate me and removed reported having been denied access to toilets me from the work station. and several reported having been locked in the toilets as a punishment by their managers. “One day I felt very ill and asked for sick leave. For the three days that I was at At one factory producing jackets for Puma, home, my manager deducted these days’ more than half the workers we spoke to had pay. Now, after a long fight with the been beaten, kicked, slapped or pushed by management, I finally got transferred to their managers. One in three had had their another floor. All the workers are terrified hair pulled, been publicly humiliated or of him. He threatens them, makes the forbidden from going to the toilet as a cleaners insult the workers and makes the punishment. At another making Adidas baseball supervisors push the girls offensively.” caps two in five had been pushed by their managers and the same number threatened with being sent to jail. An end to sweatshops 12 s
r The exploitation and abuse of that working conditions remain so poor. e k r
o workers that underpin the profits of Furthermore, while global sportswear w
i global brands like Adidas, Nike and companies like Adidas and Nike sit on its h s e
d Puma are based on their outsourcing board, the workers whose lives they are a l
g of production to suppliers in poorer aiming to improve and the trade unions n a B
countries. This allows them to pass who represent them have no place in the f o
n on risks to their suppliers and, more organisation’s governance. The abuse of o i t
a fundamentally, it often allows them workers documented in this report raises t i o
l to escape legal accountability for the question of whether such corporate- p x e their actions. dominated initiatives exist only to present ’ s e
i the appearance of concern and accountability n a
p As the sportswear brands do not own the rather than deliver any meaningful m o
c factories, they do not have the same legal improvements in working conditions.
r a
e responsibilities for their workers, or for w s
t the management’s actions. In addition, by Pressure by campaigners on the global r o
p outsourcing production to countries with sportswear companies can force them to s
c i
p low wages and weak labour laws, improve their behaviour. However, to ensure m y
l multinational companies can gain access to that companies have to respect workers’ O
m the cheapest possible workforce. Without a rights they must be held accountable for o t t legal responsibility to respect these workers’ the impacts of their actions throughout o b
e human rights, the drive to maximise profits their global supply chains to independent, h t
o
t inevitably leads to suppliers being squeezed transparent and effective regulators, not
e
c to increase production and drive down costs, just their shareholders. a R forcing down workers’ pay and conditions. One of the most important ways of In response to campaigning during the holding corporations to account is to 1990s against exploitation within the ensure that those affected by violations industry, the major clothing and sportswear of their human rights have access to justice. companies adopted codes of conduct for There are huge barriers for people outside their suppliers. This report shows that in the UK to accessing justice through the practice these voluntary codes have done courts, such as the excessive costs of any little to change the situation in the factories legal action. To ensure that they can access themselves. The result has been that justice a new institution is needed to hold companies can deflect criticism and defend companies to account for their actions, their brand image, with little effort put into without these barriers. practical implementation. War on Want is calling for the UK In addition to their codes of conduct Adidas, government to introduce a Commission Nike and Puma are all members of the Fair on Business, Human Rights and the Labor Association, an initiative founded in Environment. It would have the powers 1999 with the stated intention of improving to investigate and settle complaints made working conditions around the world. by or on behalf of those affected by UK However, the association has no sanctions companies’ operations in other countries, and on its member companies, only working with give them access to redress. The UN special them to support and verify “corrective action representative on business and human plans”. Without real teeth, such as the rights, John Ruggie, has also called for the power to fine companies, it is little wonder introduction of new national mechanisms to 13
provide redress for companies’ human rights minimum wage in 2010, and secured abuses in other countries. improvements from factories such as providing workers with official documents For the workers in the global sportswear and regular payment of wages. Through industry, it will be by organising that they solidarity and partnerships with workers’ can secure real improvements in pay and organisations in countries producing conditions. In Bangladesh, War on Want goods for the UK high street, we can is proud to work with the National Garment help to ensure that the workers themselves Workers’ Federation, which has successfully can secure their dignity, rights and better campaigned for an 80% increase in the lives for themselves.
BOYCOTT? War on Want is not calling on consumers to boycott brands or retailers that use exploitative sweatshop labour, as this could lead to job losses for the very workers we are aiming to support. Bangladeshi workers do not want the companies to be boycotted, but to change their practices. So instead we call on the public to take political action to change the system that allows ongoing exploitation, rather than just changing their shopping habits. P h o t o :
C a r m e n
K l a m m e r Take action 14 s
r 1. Demand Adidas, Nike and Puma Write to your MP and ask them to: e k r
o treat Bangladeshi workers with respect • Write to Kenneth Clarke, Secretary of w
i Adidas, Nike and Puma will gain enormous h
s State for Justice, calling for the introduction e
d commercial benefit from the added publicity
a of a Commission on Business, Human Rights l
g and association with the values of the n and the Environment to hold corporations a B
Olympics. At the same time their profits are f to account. o
n made by exploiting cheap labour in countries o i
t • Join the All Party Parliamentary Group
a like Bangladesh. t i
o on International Corporate Responsibility: l p x
e Business, Human Rights and the Write to the CEOs of Adidas, Nike and ’ s
e Environment. i Puma demanding that they take concrete n a
p steps to ensure: m You can find your MP’s contact details at o c
r • Factories they source from in Bangladesh
a www.theyworkforyou.com and find out more e
w pay their workers a basic salary of at least about the proposals for a new commission s t r the living wage. o at www.corporate-responsibility.org p s
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y compulsory overtime. l O
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e Herbert Hainer, CEO Adidas justice for workers across the world. c a
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War on Want Other relevant charities e R If you are already a member of War on Want, please pass this on to a friend so that they can join our fight against poverty. Thank you How this research was conducted The findings in this report are based on interviews with 65 garment workers in six factories supplying goods for Adidas, Nike and Puma. All six factories were listed on Adidas, Nike and Puma’s current public supplier lists; at the time of publication of this report, Puma claimed to have made a mistake in including one of the factories featured in this report in its supplier list, stating that it no longer sources goods from that supplier. The interviews were conducted between October 2011 and January 2012 by War on Want partners the National Garment Workers’ Federation and the Alternative Movement for Resources and Freedom Society.
The interviews were conducted outside of working hours in a safe space where the workers could discuss the issues raised. All workers were assured that their involvement in the research would remain confidential. As a result all the names mentioned in this report have been changed to protect the workers’ identities.
Notes 1 International Olympic Committee (2011) 12 Adidas’ 2009, Nike’s 2010 and Puma’s 2009 codes Olympic Charter. International Olympic Committee of conduct are available on their company websites. 2 London 2012 (2011) London 2012 Ceremonies on 13 Miller, A. (2011) Rich pickings as Ennis strikes Gold track to showcase the UK to the world. London 2012. with endorsement deals. Daily Mail . 5 December. 4 December. 14 Ibid. 3 Hall, J. (2011) London 2012 Olympics: Adidas 15 Bangladesh Labour Act (2006) Clause 102. aims to beat Nike into second place at Games. 16 Ibid. Clause 103. Daily Telegraph. 29 May. 17 War on Want (2011) Stitched Up: Women workers in 4 Ibid. the Bangladeshi garment sector. War on Want. p. 6-7 5 UNCTAD (2011) World Investment Report 2011. 18 Bangladesh Labour Act (2006) Clause 46. UNCTAD. p. 116. 19 Ibid. Clause 94. 6 Ibid. p. 116. 20 Play Fair (2008) Clearing the Hurdles: Steps to 7 Nike, Inc (2011) Financial results for fiscal year ended Improving Wages and Working Conditions in the 31 May 2011 . Nike. Global Sportswear Industry. p. 24-25 8 UNCTAD (2011) p. 116. 21 International Trade Union Confederation (2011) 9 Ibid. p. 149. Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union Rights 2011. 10 World Trade Organisation (2011) International ITUC. p.123-126. Trade Statistics 2011. World Trade Organisation. 22 Ibid. p.130. and Bangladesh Board of Investment (2012) Garments and Textiles . Available at http://boi.gov.bd/ key-sectors/garments-a-textiles . Accessed 31 January 2012. 11 International Labour Office (2010) Global Wage Report 2010/11: Wage policies in times of crisis. International Labour Organisation. Geneva. p. 118. Published: March 2012 War on Want War on Want fights poverty in developing countries Research by Khorshed Alam of the in partnership and solidarity with people affected by Alternative Movement for Resources globalisation. We campaign for human rights, especially and Freedom Society. workers’ rights, and against the root causes of global poverty, inequality and injustice. Written by Murray Worthy Cover picture: © Yang Lei C/Xinhua Press/Corbis War on Want 44-48 Shepherdess Walk Design by www.wave.coop London N1 7JP United Kingdom War on Want is grateful for the financial support of Battersea & Wandsworth Trades Union Council Tel: +44 (0)20 7324 5040 and the Glastonbury Festival. Fax: +44 (0)20 7324 5041 Email: [email protected] www.waronwant.org
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