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Universal Social Protection in Latin America and the Caribbean: Selected Texts 2006-2019 Select pages of ECLAC Universal Social Protection in Latin America and the Caribbean Selected texts 2006-2019 Simone Cecchini (compiler) Thank you for your interest in this ECLAC publication ECLAC Publications Please register if you would like to receive information on our editorial products and activities. When you register, you may specify your particular areas of interest and you will gain access to our products in other formats. www.cepal.org/en/publications ublicaciones www.cepal.org/apps SELECT PAGES OF ECLAC Select Pages of ECLAC is an innovative editorial collection from the Commission, in keeping with the new ways of disseminating and reading publications in the digital era. The titles included in this electronic collection are compilations of texts on the latest topics that make up the Organization’s main areas of work. The full versions of the original articles can be accessed through the links in the publication and in the final section “Documents included in this compilation”. Alicia Bárcena Executive Secretary Mario Cimoli Deputy Executive Secretary Raúl García-Buchaca Deputy Executive Secretary for Management and Programme Analysis Ricardo Pérez Chief, Publications and Web Services Division The selected texts in this volume are taken from institutional documents of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, ECLAC (annual reports and meeting and session documents) and books or documents produced by the following authors and editors: Laís Abramo, Alberto Arenas, Carla Bronzo, Simone Cecchini, Nuria Cunill-Grau, Fernando Filgueira, Carlos Maldonado, Rodrigo Martínez, Beatriz Morales, Fabián Repetto, Nieves Rico, Claudia Robles, Cecilia Rossel, Ana Sojo, Andras Uthoff and Mario Velásquez. LC/M.2019/5 ISBN: 978-92-1-004735-7 (pdf version) Copyright © United Nations, january 2020 All rights reserved Digital publication of United Nations, Santiago S.19-01140 Applications for authorization to reproduce this work in whole or in part should be sent to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Publications and Web Services Division, [email protected]. Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and to inform ECLAC of such reproduction. Universal Social Protection in Latin America and the Caribbean Índice Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................................7 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................9 Chapter I Concepts: what do we understand by social protection? .............................................................................13 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................................................14 A. The social protection concept ..........................................................................................................................................................15 B. Social policy: protection, promotion and sectoral policies.............................................................................................17 C. Functions of a comprehensive social protection system ................................................................................................ 18 D. Axes of social protection integration .........................................................................................................................................20 E. Social protection: universal rights tailored to people’s differing needs .................................................................21 F. Social protection components and instruments ................................................................................................................... 22 Chapter II The historical trajectory of social protection and welfare regimes .......................................................29 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................................................30 A. Forms of social protection in welfare States............................................................................................................................31 B. Brief history of social protection in Latin America .............................................................................................................. 33 C. Welfare gaps: a classification of capacities, effort and limits ...................................................................................... 37 Chapter III Approaches, orientations and debates regarding social protection .....................................................49 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................................................50 A. The social welfare regime paradigm and the role of the State ....................................................................................51 B. The life cycle approach ........................................................................................................................................................................ 55 C. Essential elements of the rights-based approach .............................................................................................................. 57 D. The rights-based approach in development and social protection .........................................................................58 E. Social rights and litigation .................................................................................................................................................................. 63 F. Gender bias in social protection ......................................................................................................................................................66 G. Conditionalities and targeting .........................................................................................................................................................69 Chapter IV The contributory pillar .......................................................................................................................................................71 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 72 A. Institutional aspects of Latin America’s pension systems .............................................................................................. 73 B. New trends in pension system reforms in Latin America ................................................................................................80 C. Current debates in the region on the sustainability of pension systems .............................................................. 91 D. Social protection and health systems .........................................................................................................................................92 E. Health insurance ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 93 Chapter V The non-contributory pillar ............................................................................................................................................95 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................................................96 A. An overview of conditional cash transfer programmes in Latin America and the Caribbean .................. 97 B. Social pensions and labour inclusion ........................................................................................................................................103 C. Labour and productive inclusion programmes ....................................................................................................................111 Chapter VI Decent work and labor market regulation .......................................................................................................... 117 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 118 A. Decent work as a response to the challenges of poverty and exclusion ............................................................ 119 B. Labour market regulation and social protection: institutional challenges ........................................................122 ECLAC, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Chapter VII Care and social protection............................................................................................................................................ 131 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................................132
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