VOLUME 29, NUMBER 4 LEADERS 183 Rich in Human and Material
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Red Bengal's Rise and Fall
kheya bag RED BENGAL’S RISE AND FALL he ouster of West Bengal’s Communist government after 34 years in power is no less of a watershed for having been widely predicted. For more than a generation the Party had shaped the culture, economy and society of one of the most Tpopulous provinces in India—91 million strong—and won massive majorities in the state assembly in seven consecutive elections. West Bengal had also provided the bulk of the Communist Party of India– Marxist (cpm) deputies to India’s parliament, the Lok Sabha; in the mid-90s its Chief Minister, Jyoti Basu, had been spoken of as the pos- sible Prime Minister of a centre-left coalition. The cpm’s fall from power also therefore suggests a change in the equation of Indian politics at the national level. But this cannot simply be read as a shift to the right. West Bengal has seen a high degree of popular mobilization against the cpm’s Beijing-style land grabs over the past decade. Though her origins lie in the state’s deeply conservative Congress Party, the challenger Mamata Banerjee based her campaign on an appeal to those dispossessed and alienated by the cpm’s breakneck capitalist-development policies, not least the party’s notoriously brutal treatment of poor peasants at Singur and Nandigram, and was herself accused by the Communists of being soft on the Maoists. The changing of the guard at Writers’ Building, the seat of the state gov- ernment in Calcutta, therefore raises a series of questions. First, why West Bengal? That is, how is it that the cpm succeeded in establishing -
Land Acquisition and Compensation in Singur: What Really Happened?∗
Land Acquisition and Compensation in Singur: What Really Happened?∗ Maitreesh Ghatak,† Sandip Mitra,‡ Dilip Mookherjee§and Anusha Nath¶ March 29, 2012 Abstract This paper reports results of a household survey in Singur, West Bengal concerning compensation offered by the state government to owners of land acquired to make way for a car factory. While on average compensations offered were close to the reported market valuations of land, owners of high grade multi-cropped (Sona) lands were under- compensated, which balanced over-compensation of low grade mono-cropped (Sali) lands. This occurred owing to misclassification of most Sona land as Sali land in the official land records. Under-compensation relative to market values significantly raised the chance of compensation offers being rejected by owners. There is considerable ev- idence of the role of financial considerations in rejection decisions. Land acquisition significantly reduced incomes of owner cultivator and tenant households, despite their efforts to increase incomes from other sources. Agricultural workers were more adversely affected relative to non-agricultural workers, while the average impact on workers as a whole was insignificant. Adverse wealth effects associated with under-compensation significantly lowered household accumulation of consumer durables, while effects on other assets were not perceptible. Most households expressed preferences for non-cash forms of compensation, with diverse preferences across different forms of non-cash com- pensation depending on occupation and time preferences. ∗We are grateful to Mr. Atmaram Saraogi of International Centre, Kolkata for sharing with us relevant documents, and the International Growth Centre for financial support under Research Award RA-2009-11- 025 (RST-U145). -
State Chief Minister Andhra Pradesh Shri K. Rosaiah Arunachal Pradesh Shri Dorjee Khandu Assam Shri Tarun Gogoi Bihar Shri Nitish Kumar Chhattisgarh Dr
State Chief Minister Andhra Pradesh Shri K. Rosaiah Arunachal Pradesh Shri Dorjee Khandu Assam Shri Tarun Gogoi Bihar Shri Nitish Kumar Chhattisgarh Dr. Raman Singh Delhi Smt Sheila Dikshit Goa Shri Digambar Kamat Gujarat Shri Narendra Modi Haryana Shri Bhupinder Singh Hooda Himachal Pradesh Prof. Prem Kumar Dhumal Jammu and Kashmir Shri Omar Abdullah Jharkhand Shri Shibu Soren Karnataka Shri B. S. Yeddyurappa Kerala Shri V. S. Achuthanandan Madhya Pradesh Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan Maharashtra Shri Ashok Chavan Manipur Shri Okram Ibobi Singh Meghalaya Dr. Dethwelson Lapang Mizoram Shri Pu Lalthanhawla Nagaland Shri Neiphiu Rio Orissa Shri Naveen Patnaik Pondicherry Thiru. V. Vaithilingam Punjab Shri Parkash Singh Badal Rajasthan Shri Ashok Gehlot Sikkim Shri Pawan Chamling Tamil Nadu Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi Tripura Shri Manik Sarkar Uttar Pradesh Kumari Mayawati Uttarakhand Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal West Bengal Shri Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee Current Affairs – August 2010 • Nuclear liability bill passed Nuclear liability bill which was adopted by Rajya Sabha has now been approved by the process of Voice vote. The session of the Parliament lasted 48 hours extra than the scheduled time so that the legislation can be easily passed and approved. A total of 18 amendments were introduced in this bill by Lok Sabha before processing it further. Soon the bill was selected for a considerable hike in the liability of operator. This liability has now become 3 times then what it was in the past and now holds a value of rupees 1500 crore’s in total. By virtue of progression of this bill and significant increase in the liability many overseas companies have shown their interests in setting up reactors in India. -
Industrialisation in West Bengal?
The Marxist, Vol. XXIII, 1, January to March, 2007 On Industrialisation in West Bengal? Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee I would like to discuss our overall outlook on the development of West Bengal’s economy after the formation of the Left front Government on the issues of agriculture, industry and services. Some differences have been expressed regarding our purpose and objectives. The controversy has been triggered off by those parties that are directly opposed to us—the BJP, the Congress, the Trinamul Congress. On the other side there are Naxalites and the SUCI and then there are some NGOs. The disagreement with us and opposition to our policy has varied in form and character. There is a tenor of opposition from within the Left Front itself. Thus, we really need to state clearly what we precisely aim to achieve. Some theoretical postulates and ideological positions have surfaced. The need is to state our position with precision. It is generally acknowledged that we have no ‘model’ in front of us to emulate and follow. It will indeed be a mistake to follow a specific model. We have closely observed and seen the changes in and the development of the Chinese economy and the Vietnamese economy. We are trying to ascertain facts there. In Latin America, a kind of new leftism has appeared and changes have occurred. We have gone through an interesting book called Dispatches from Latin America. We have gathered from the book the thoughts and ideas of the Brazilian president Lula, of the Venezuelan head of state Chavez, and of the Chilean Socialist Party. -
South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 13 | 0000 the Politics of Land, Consent, and Negotiation: Revisiting the Development-Di
South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal 13 | 2016 Land, Development and Security in South Asia The Politics of Land, Consent, and Negotiation: Revisiting the Development-Displacement Narratives from Singur in West Bengal Ritanjan Das Publisher Association pour la recherche sur l'Asie du Sud (ARAS) Electronic version URL: http://samaj.revues.org/4103 ISSN: 1960-6060 Electronic reference Ritanjan Das, « The Politics of Land, Consent, and Negotiation: Revisiting the Development- Displacement Narratives from Singur in West Bengal », South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal [Online], 13 | 2016, Online since 08 March 2016, connection on 22 November 2016. URL : http:// samaj.revues.org/4103 ; DOI : 10.4000/samaj.4103 This text was automatically generated on 22 novembre 2016. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. The Politics of Land, Consent, and Negotiation: Revisiting the Development-Di... 1 The Politics of Land, Consent, and Negotiation: Revisiting the Development-Displacement Narratives from Singur in West Bengal Ritanjan Das Introduction 1 With the triumph of capitalism in the post-Cold War era, most countries in the global South embarked on a path of ‘transition’, initiating economic reforms and attracting foreign investment according to the strictures of global capitalism (Steur & Das 2009). Particularly interesting amongst such ‘transition’ cases are countries that explicitly legitimise their rule in terms of communist ideals, the general alliance -
Communist Party of India (Marxist) - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Communist Party of India (Marxist) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist) Communist Party of India (Marxist) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (abbreviated CPI(M) or CPM ) is a communist party in India. The party Communist Party of India (Marxist) emerged from a split from the Communist Party of India in भारत की क,ुिन पाट" ( मा वादी ) 1964. The CPI(M) was formed at the Seventh Congress of the Communist Party of India held in Calcutta from October 31 to November 7, 1964. The strength of CPI(M) is concentrated in the states of Kerala, West Bengal and Tripura. As of 2015, CPI(M) is leading the state government in Tripura. It also leads the Left Front coalition of leftist parties. As of 2013, CPI(M) claimed to have 1,065,406 members. [5] Secretary-General Sitaram Yechury [1] CPI(M) is organised on the basis of democratic centralism, a principle conceived by Vladimir Lenin which entails Lok Sabha leader P. Karunakaran [2] democratic and open discussion on policy on the condition of Rajya Sabha leader Sitaram Yechury [3] unity in upholding the agreed upon policies. The highest Founded 7 November 1964 body of the party is the Politburo. Headquarters Gole Market, New Delhi, India Newspaper People's Democracy Contents Student wing Students Federation of India 1 History Youth wing Democratic Youth 1.1 Formation of CPI (M) Federation of India 1.2 Name Women's wing All India Democratic 1.3 Early years of CPI (M) Women's Association 1.4 Naxalbari -
Syncretic Socialism in Post-Colonial West Bengal: Mobilizing and Disciplining Women for a ‘Sustha’ Nation-State
Syncretic Socialism in Post-Colonial West Bengal: Mobilizing and Disciplining Women for a ‘Sustha’ Nation-State by Anisha Datta A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Sociology) The University of British Columbia (Vancouver) August 2009 © Anisha Datta, 2009 Abstract The discourse of equality, emancipation and dignity for women does not necessarily lead to the formation of an emancipated female subject, but often ends up supporting structures and practices against which the struggle was begun. The thesis develops this argument through a close reading of the textual discourse of the socialist women’s mass organization, the Paschim Banga Ganatantrik Mahilaa Samity (PBGMS). The PBGMS is the largest state unit of the All India Democratic Women’s Association (AIDWA), which in turn is affiliated with the Communist Party of India-Marxist (CPI-M), the largest communist party in India. While the PBGMS relentlessly fights for women’s rights in public life, an examination of its published materials suggests that its ultimate aim to create a sustha (normal) nation-state, a cohesive society and a happy family turn these rights into new shackles for women. In particular, through a close reading of its publications – including pedagogical booklets, editorials, essays, poems, travelogues and fictional narratives from the periodical Eksathe – the thesis explores how the PBGMS views women instrumentally as reproductive and socializing agents for the supply of future sources of productive labor and as productive beings to act as a reserve force of labor. While comparisons can be made with other countries in the socialist world, in particular China and the USSR, this thesis focuses on PBGMS textual discourse within the specific social and political history of India, in particular Bengal. -
Cyclone Aila and the Sundarbans: an Enquiry Into the Disaster and Politics of Aid and Relief
Cyclone Aila and the Sundarbans: An Enquiry into the Disaster and Politics of Aid and Relief Amites Mukhopadhyay 2009 December 2009 Published by: Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group GC-45, Sector - III, First Floor Salt Lake City Kolkata - 700 106 India Web: http://www.mcrg.ac.in Printed by: Timir Printing Works Pvt. Ltd. 43, Beniapukur Lane Kolkata - 700 014 This publication is part of a research work on the CRG Annual Winter Couirse on Forced Migration. The support of the UNHCR New Delhi, the Government of Finland and the Brookings Institution, Washinton DC is kindly acknowledged. 2 Cyclone Aila and the Sundarbans: An Enquiry into the Disaster and Politics of Aid and Relief Amites Mukhopadhyay Basanti Raptan, a resident of the southern part of Kusumpur 1 island in Gosaba Block of the Sundarbans, woke up to a morning that was different but not unusual in the Sundarbans. Since early morning, a thick cloud hung over the island and there was a strong wind blowing across the river. Basanti woke up early for her household chores little realising what the day had in store for her. She lived with her one and half year old daughter as her husband was away in Kolkata working as a construction labourer. While Basanti got up, her daughter was still asleep. As the day progressed the wind began to blow harder. Around eleven in the morning the wind suddenly changed into a violent storm. The mud wall and doors of her house started to tremble under its impact and Basanti could see from her courtyard that the storm made the coconut trees bend into halves. -
South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 13 | 2016 the Politics of Land, Consent, and Negotiation: Revisiting the Development-Di
South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal 13 | 2016 Land, Development and Security in South Asia (SAMAJ-EASAS) The Politics of Land, Consent, and Negotiation: Revisiting the Development-Displacement Narratives from Singur in West Bengal Ritanjan Das Publisher Association pour la recherche sur l'Asie du Sud (ARAS) Electronic version URL: http://samaj.revues.org/4103 DOI: 10.4000/samaj.4103 ISSN: 1960-6060 Electronic reference Ritanjan Das, « The Politics of Land, Consent, and Negotiation: Revisiting the Development- Displacement Narratives from Singur in West Bengal », South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal [Online], 13 | 2016, Online since 08 March 2016, connection on 11 June 2017. URL : http:// samaj.revues.org/4103 ; DOI : 10.4000/samaj.4103 This text was automatically generated on 11 June 2017. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. The Politics of Land, Consent, and Negotiation: Revisiting the Development-Di... 1 The Politics of Land, Consent, and Negotiation: Revisiting the Development-Displacement Narratives from Singur in West Bengal Ritanjan Das Introduction 1 With the triumph of capitalism in the post-Cold War era, most countries in the global South embarked on a path of ‘transition’, initiating economic reforms and attracting foreign investment according to the strictures of global capitalism (Steur & Das 2009). Particularly interesting amongst such ‘transition’ cases are countries that explicitly legitimise their rule in terms of communist -
Narratives of Peasant Resistance at Nandigram, West Bengal in 2007
‘The blessed land’: narratives of peasant resistance at Nandigram, West Bengal, in 2007 Adam McConnochie A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Victoria University of Wellington 2012 ii Abstract In early 2007, the West Bengal state government in India sought to acquire over 10,000 acres of cultivated rural land in Nandigram, East Midnapur. The government, the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI-M) led Left Front coalition, sought to acquire this land to allow the Indonesian industrialists, the Salim group, to construct a chemical hub. Land acquisition had been increasing in India since 2005, when the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Act was passed for the purpose of attracting investment from national and multinational corporations. Peasants in Nandigram were opposed to the acquisition of their land, and during 2007 successfully resisted the government attempts to do so. In response, the CPI-M sent party cadre to harass, rape and murder the peasantry, using their control of government to punish people in Nandigram. This thesis examines the events at Nandigram between June 2006 and May 2008 and investigates the narratives of peasant resistance that emerged in West Bengal. It focuses on three groups of West Bengal society: the peasants of Nandigram, the intellectuals and civil society of West Bengal, and the major political parties of West Bengal. Existing explanations of the events at Nandigram have focused on the role of intellectuals and civil society, and their views have dominated the literature. The existing historiography has argued that land acquisition policies and the subsequent resistance at Nandigram were an effect of neoliberal policies, policies that had been pursued by both the central and state governments in India since the 1990s. -
Select Bibliography
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY A Ballad of Singur: Progress with Human Dignity. (2008). Economic and Political Weekly, 43(43), 10-13. Retrieved July 16, 2015, from www.jstor.org/stable/40278091 Aajkal. (1 December;2003). The Front has not submitted any Bond, (that) there will be no Labour Movement:Shyamal. p. 1. Adhikari, A. (2011, January 23). https://www.businesstoday.in. Retrieved July 3, 2019, from Business Today: https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/cover-story/gujarat-is- indias-new-factory-hub/story/11918.html Amit Mitra, F. M. (September 15, 2015). We have a land bank of 1 lakh acres for industrial use: Amit Mitra. The Hindu Business Line. (R. Wadke, Interviewer) Pune: THG Publishing Pvt Ltd. Retrieved January 12, 2019, from https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/we-have-a-land-bank-of-1-lakh- acres-for-industrial-use-amit-mitra/article7656005.ece Amitendu, P., Bhattacharjee, S., & Debroy, B. (2012). Special Economic Zones in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ananda Bazar Patrika. (December 1,2,29,30, 2006). Kolkata: Ananda Bazar Patrika. Retrieved May 15, 2018 Ananda Bazar Patrika. (January 8, 2007). Kolkata: Ananda Bazar Patrika Ltd. Anandabazar Patrika. (2002, May 12). Exclusive Interview of Budhdhadev Bhattacharjee: On the Occasion of One-yearCompletion of the Sixth Left Front Government. "Sarasari Budhdha". Kolkata. Bandyopadhyay, D. (2000). Land Reform in West Bengal: Remembering Hare Krishna Konar and Benoy Chaudhury. Economic and Political Weekly, 35(21-22), 1795-97. Retrieved July 14, 2016, from https://www.jstor.org/stable/4409315 Bandyopadhyay, D. (2003). Land Reforms and Agriculture: The West Bengal Experience. Economic and Political Weekly, 38(9), 879-884. -
As One of the Landmark Environmental Notifications Ever Passed in the State, the West Bengal Government Promulgated the East
VOL.VI ISSUE III WEST BENGAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD DEC ’05 – JAN ’06, KOLKATA This newsletter may be viewed at http://www.wbpcb.gov.in/html/newslet.shtml Law to protect our fragile wetlands 2 As one of the landmark environmental notifications ever passed in the The Board bids farewell to state, the West Bengal Government promulgated the East Kolkata Wetlands previous Member Secretary 3 (Conservation and Management) Ordinance in November 2005 to safeguard the 12,500 hectares fragile wetlands located in the eastern fringes of the Environment Excellence Award 2005 4 city of Kolkata. For its enforcement, a 19-member ‘East Kolkata Wetlands Management Authority’ has been set up, which is aimed at the proper Measures taken to combat management and conservation of these wetlands. In addition, the state noise during Durga Puja 5 government is planning to set up a “Nature and Wetland Interpretation Centre” in the wetland zone to increase public awareness and conduct Actions against violators research. The East Kolkata wetlands, which are rich in bio-diversity was during Kali Puja/Diwali 5 recognised as an “international site of ecological importance” under the Ramsar Convention in 2002. WBPCB participates at the 19th Industrial India Trade Within the timeframe in question, another major happening that deserves Fair 6 special mention is the Environmental Excellence Award 2005: thanks to Restrictions on Noise the West Bengal Cleaner Production Centre, a collaborative effort of the Pollution during the West Bengal Pollution Control Board, Indian Chamber of Commerce and Secondary /Higher National Cleaner Production Centre, New Delhi. For the fourth consecutive Secondary Examinations 7 year, Shri Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, the Hon’ble Chief Minister, conferred the Environmental Excellence Award to acknowledge the industries and Rainwater Harvesting organisations who have moved on the pathway of ‘beyond environmental Systems installed in schools 7 compliance’.