DOCSLIB.ORG

Nowshahr, Northern Lran

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nowshahr, Northern Lran Anthropologieet Préhisloiru, 100, 1989,103-1ll Surnames and gene flow in Shahrestan Nowshahr, Northern lran Haideh MEHRAI and Eric SUNDERLAND Abstract Demographic data were collected to estimate the degree of biological kinship within and between the subdivisions of Shahrestan Nowshahr, using Lasker's (1977) isonymy model. The results indicate some degreeof surname localization within the dehestans and the contiguous regions. The applicability of the model to Iranian data was also assessed. Résumé Des données démographiques ont été récoltées dans le Shahrestan Nowshahr pour déceler le degré de prenté biologique, intra- et inter-subdiuisions, en utilisant le modèIe d'isonymie de Lasker (1977). Les résultats indiquent un certain degré de localisation des noms à I'intérieur des dehestanset dans les régions contiguës. Les auteurs s'interrogent sur l'application du modèle aus données iraniennes. INrNooUcTIoN lated for long periods of time due to its inaccessibil- ity and lack of good communications. Many of the Surnames became mandatory in Iran in 1925, spatially separated localities were inhabited by small when the Civil Registration Office was established. extended families, with marriages confined to the in- The CRO conducted a nationwide system of registra- dividual villages. However, many of these families in- tion whereby each inhabitant was issued an Identity termarried with contiguousfamilies and consequently Card. In conjunctionwith this, the adoption of a sur- formed a larger network of kinship. Behnam (1968) name was also required. definesone type of rural family structure a^sthe "ex- Before 1925 family names were limited to a mi- tended patricentral family", where related families nority. Sometraced their origin in the Prophet's line, are supervised by the extended parental family, and while others were a.scribedby kings in accordance inter-familial marriages are maintained. with their services. The Taifeh (a kinship group) re- Ancestral names have persisted in these areas, ferred to numerous tribes that originally inhabited but their frequency varies according to the size of the the rural regions of the country. They comprised a village, geographic location and the economic struc- network of relatives which originated a.s an a^ssem- ture. In some instancesdouble-surnames appear, in- blage of families linked by geographic proximity, or dicating the union of two families. In the present loyalty to a common chief (Behnam, lg70). Due to study, the samples from each village are too small isolation these families eventually intermarried, and for analysis, therefore names have been analysed at the kinship group was enlarged. 1'he Hezerfamil re- the dehestanlevel, which necessarilyreduces the sig- ferred to various hereditary families who numbered nificance of the extent of localization of names. Ad- one thousand. When surnames were adopted, the ditionally, it would be very difficult to observe dis- choice of name was based on various factors. Some tinct clines in surname flow between the dehestans, chosethe name of their village, while others followed becauseof the irregular distribution of the villages their trade, e.g. Khatat (scribe). The suffix "zadeh" within each dehestan. In general,surnames are not (born to) was added to some forenames,€.g. Hossein- very mobile due to the low mobility of the population "y" zadeh;others added the letter to the name, im- itself. plying belonging to, e.g. Rassouly. Sincethen, names One means of examining the degree of biologi- have been regularly transmitted from the male parent cal kinship within a population, or between its sub- to the child. Since birth registration is mandatory, a divisions, is to measure the occurrencesof common child takes the name of the father. Illegitimate chil- surnamesusing Lasker's(1977) isonymy model. The dren are usually not given a name unlessrequired by method of measuringgenetic lineagethrough isonymy either parent. The wife usually takes the name of her is useful in studies where information on kinship husband at marriage. based on pedigreesand genetic markers is not avail- A large part of the Caspian littoral remained iso. able. Surname transmissionresembles genetic inher- 104 Haideh Moxut and Eric SuNoeRl.nNn itance, and ca,n be analysed to indicate the origin of random (attributed to population size and surname genes, and to delineate breeding populations. Sur- distribution), and non-random (special proclivity to names ca.n become extinct, like genes, depending on marry one's own cousin) components of inbreeding. name frequency, family size, and sex ratio (Dobson Lasker (1977) extended the method of isonymy from and Roberts, 1971). intracommunity inbreeding to inter-population rela- Communities with few surnames at high frequen- tionship, to show how it was possible to examine the cies indicate greater localization of genes, a,nd con- relative linkage of two or more populations by sur- "Coeffi- sequently high inbreeding coefficients. Estimates of name analysis. He introduced the concept of rates of inbreeding can be obtained through mar- cient of Relationship" by isonymy, as the proportion riages between persons of the same name. Crow and of individuals with common surnames within or be- Mange (1965) elaborated this idea, and examined the tween populations. Fig. 1 : Map of Iran and the administrative subdivisions of Shahrestan Nowshahr. :v;"$!!,,.,, i-:l-t',;*èù'-' ..-cÏ ! J Nowshalir / -:J'-ù..- t.. n--f'---.r"': AFGHANI S T AN - --1--;'- | R-lÀrrN^ ,1- r )-t r-(. ^('- PAKISTAN SAUDI ARABIA n :A\à" 5 10 15Km Caspian .tl 'o. Sea :g,nurï; ! a a, a ata KACHROSTAGH (t,, a I iil:, ÊI{e$aramte 'Hagsank,"J, ' .t '.,1' d'U/-Kts'N^>t ;?Éar-1eEH-.i >i t t ..'F vJf' , K|:l-tôlrR / u\ t j ? -_j_4î--:7i1. $:fi#*.ti:"4'!*o;;.h,. ru,..A.. .(.-aarj\l* ,'i ^.:;\ . .. ,T.-..*\rrr;ir_ 1. o o tiùr#- __., \) e. ra .*...,1..' io"$^arl H - \ .touo:.:-.': îS KU L' . ,KUHEsrm.t xo.rôun. I $ r\ 1J"-. ,i*r."tsuù 1 \ 7 r' I qr. S e-sxnh rq.. f"iBAKHSH Bakhshboundary . r loenesunDEHESTAN Dehestan boundary - - - Towns Towns 0 Villages. Surnames and gene flow in ShahrestanNowshahr 105 S:rUoY An,EA localizationexists, and to examine any clines in sur- name flow between every pair of dehestans. It was also Shahrestan Nowshahr (fiS. 1) is an adminis- considereduseful to assessthe possibility of ap- plying this technique trative subdivision (3695 sq km) of the Province of to an Iranian population. Mazandaran,situated in the North of lran, between The coefficient of relationship by isonymy is the southern shoresof the Caspian Sea and the Al- mathematically expressedas borz Ranges. Administratively, Iran is divided into ostans, shahrestans,bakhshes, dehestans (conglom- Ri - S;z)/2NtNz eratesof villages)and dehs (villages). The deh is the f{Sn smallest unit of habitation, urswell as the economic where ^9;1and unit of agriculture and consumption; it also consti- .9;2 are the respective frequenciesof the ith surname in the tutes a social unit composedmainly of related indi- males and femalesof the pop- ulation viduals. The great majority of the rural population (or in two populations), and N1 and N2 are the corresponding of the Caspian Littoral residesin these units. These sample sizes. The model is based on two assumptions villages are semi-continuous on the coast, and nucle- : unilineal descentof surname (polyphyletisnr or multiple ated in the highlands. The climate is subtropical in ancestral origin of sur- namescan violate the lowlands, and is one major causeof the summer the assumption),and that the ex- changeof surnames proportional and winter migration of the population. The moun- is to the flow of mi- grants, i.e. equal tainous topography and the abundanceof rivers have virilocal and uxorilocal migration. constituted major obstaclesto movemeut and contact The population under study has a system of pa- betweenthe villages. The construction of roads and trilineally descendingsurnames; furthermore, it has bridges, specifically the Chalous bridge have facili- been assumedthat surnamesare monophyletic. The tated communication between the settlements. The assumption of uniform migration of the sexes has inhabitants are mainly Mazandarani and Gilaki, in been consideredwith caution. In general,patrilocal- addition to the Khajevand and Lak Kurds who were ity appears to be more frequent, and more of the ge- resettled here around 200 years ago from north-west netic exchangeand intermarriagebetween the settle- Iran. Many of the local populations are culturally ments are basedon female migration. However, some homogeneousand retain strong kinship ties. factorsneed to be considered.Primarily, movementis The comparative demographic analysis of the extremely limited becauseof the geographicsetting, three existing censusreturns of ShahrestanNowshahr the communicationnetwork, the agricultural pattern (Mehrai, 1984) has revealedchanges in the composi- of subsistence,and also the proclivity to marry mem- tion of the population, and the trend conforms to bers of the same village. It is erroneousto generalize on pattern the demographicgeneralization of the tansition Pe- the of movement within each dehestan, riod. Differencesin family structure, migration pat- since it is determined by the structure of the distri- terns and population growth betweenthe urban and bution of the villages,the kinship structure,and its rural areas, have rural or urban nature. Another factor is the local cus- been attributed to socio-economic "khaneh-damad" changes,and urbanization in the last 40 years. tom of meaning house-groom;this is a situation when a man movesto a wife's residence at marriage. Touba(1972) statesthat matrilocal res- M.mpnTAL AND METHoDS idence also occurs dependingon the village and the economicstate of the bride's family. A final essential Data presented for this study were collected point is the traditional summer and winter migration through questionnaireforrns, from a total of 1,042 of the people,particularly the males who descendto households. The forms were distributed to schools the lowlandsin the winter in searchof work. and usu- throughout the region, to obtain a geographically ally migrate back to the mountains in the summer.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Life Science Journal Acta Zhengzhou University Overseas Edition Life Science Journal L I F E S C I E N C Marsland Press E J O U
    Volume 10, Number 1 (Cumulative No.32) Par t 1 March 25, 2013 ISSN:1097-8135 Volume 10, Number 1, Par t 1 March 25, 2013 ISSN:1097-8135 Life Science Journal Acta Zhengzhou University Overseas Edition Life Science Journal L i f e S c i e n c Marsland Press e J o u PO Box 180432 r n a Richmond Hill, New York 11418, USA l 2 0 1 3 Vo Website: http://www.lifesciencesite.com l u m e 1 0 , N Emails: u m b [email protected] e r 1 [email protected] , P a r t 1 I S Phone: (347) 321-7172 S N : 1 0 9 7 - 8 1 3 5 Cover design: CAO, Zhaolong Photograph: YANG, Yizhong; YOUNG, Mary ISSN 1097-8135 Website: http://www.lifesciencesite.com Copyright © 2013 Marsland Press / Zhengzhou University Emails: MARSLAND PRESS [email protected] Multidisciplinary Academic Journal Publisher [email protected] 9 771097 813002 Volume 10, Number 1, Par t 1 March 25, 2013 ISSN:1097-8135 Life Science Journal Website: http://www.lifesciencesite.com Emails: MARSLAND PRESS [email protected] Multidisciplinary Academic Journal Publisher [email protected] Life Science Journal ISSN: 1097-8135 http://www.lifesciencesite.com Life Science Journal - Acta Zhengzhou University Oversea Version ISSN: 1097-8135 Life Science Journal, the Acta Zhengzhou University Oversea Version, is an international journal with the purpose to enhance our natural and scientific knowledge dissemination in the world under the free publication principle. The journal is calling for papers from all who are associated with Zhengzhou University-home and abroad.
    [Show full text]
  • Afalleh: a Parthian Iron Foundry Site on Northern Slopes of Central Alborz
    Intl. J. Humanities (2015) Vol. 22 (2): (127-141) Afalleh: A Parthian Iron Foundry Site on Northern Slopes of Central Alborz Mohammad Ghamari Fatideh,1* Seyed Mehdi Mousavi Kouhpar 2 Received:2013/11/25 Accepted: 2015/3/16 Abstract The archaeological site of Afalleh is located in the north of Khachak village, in the intermountain plain of Kojour, in southern end of Nowshahr District, Mazandaran Province. Drawing on the available evidence, the site is dated to the Parthian period. Afalleh is clearly an archaeo- metallurgical center in the area, and by virtue of its relatively large size (more than 5 ha) might be one of the most significant and/or important archaeo- metallurgical sites of the Parthian period in the entire region. Large and dense scatters of slag and kiln wasters, especially in southern and western quadrants, hint at extensive and/or long-termed archaeo- metallurgical activities at the site. The surface slag could be divided into two groups of sponge and dense with a dark color near to black. Most slags are seen on southern part of the site. A stone building is partially exposed in western side of the site, where a dirt road has cut a part of the archaeological deposits. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses indicate that the slags are rich of fayalite and wustite, ferrous silicate and iron oxide minerals, respectively. Inside one of these slags a thick prill of iron is observed that has been largely replaced with secondary iron oxides. This observation indicates an indirect reduction of iron from its ore- producing carbonized iron (steel and cast iron)-and refers to its separation from silicate melt more probably outside of furnace.
    [Show full text]
  • An Audience-Based Approach in the Subtitling of Cultural Elements in Selected Iranian Films
    AN AUDIENCE-BASED APPROACH IN THE SUBTITLING OF CULTURAL ELEMENTS IN SELECTED IRANIAN FILMS MOHAMMAD SADEGH KENEVISI UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA 2017 AN AUDIENCE-BASED APPROACH IN THE SUBTITLING OF CULTURAL ELEMENTS IN SELECTED IRANIAN FILMS by MOHAMMAD SADEGH KENEVISI Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2017 To My Much-loved Father, Mother, Wife & Daughter ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Associate Professor Dr. Hasuria Che Omar, whose academic supports, encouragements and her invaluable counselling and advice helped me in the course of accomplishment of the present research. I am also indebted to Dr. Aniswal Abdol Ghani, whose critical viewpoint shaped my initial understanding of the required capabilities in doing a Ph.D. I would also like to especially thank my proposal examiner, Dr. Leelany Ayob, whose comments paved the way for finding the better path in carrying out the present study. My deepest thanks also extend to Dr. Ali Jalalian Daghigh whose support helped me carry out this research. I would also like to express my special gratitude to my beloved father and mother, whose patience, support and care supported me during these years of separation. Lastly, I would like to extend my warmest thanks to my much-loved wife and daughter whose presence and patience were incredibly compassionate for me and enabled me in carrying out this research. ii TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………
    [Show full text]
  • Zur Kenntnis Der Scirtidae Des Iran Mit Beschreibung Je Einer Neuen Art Aus Den Gattungen Cyphon PA Y K U L L , 1799
    ©www.senckenberg.de/; download www.contributions-to-entomology.org/ Beitr. Ent. Keltern ISSN 0005 - 805X 62(2012) 2 S .361 - 374 20.12.2012 Zur Kenntnis der Scirtidae des Iran mit Beschreibung je einer neuen Art aus den GattungenC yphon Pa y k u l l , 1799 und E lo d es La t r e il l e , 1796 (Coleoptera) (175. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Scirtidae) Mit 20 Figuren und 4 Tabellen B e r n h a r d K l a u s n it z e r Zusammenfassung Aus dem Iran werden zwei neue Arten beschrieben: Cyphonpareuoplus n. sp. und Elodes unicolor n. sp. Bisher sind aus diesem Land 16 Arten der Familie Scirtidae bekannt, von denen sieben bisher nur aus dem Iran nachgewiesen wurden, drei haben ein großes Areal, die übrigen sind kaspische, möglicherweise zum Teil auch syrische Faunenelemente. Summary Two new species are described from Iran: Cyphon pareuoplus n. sp. and Elodes unicolor n. sp. So far 16 species are known from this country, of which seven have until now only been found in Iran, three have a large range, and the others are Caspian or possibly in part Syrian faunal elements. 1. Einleitung Die Kenntnis der Scirtidenfauna des Iran ist nach wie vor sehr lückenhaft. Die Größe des Landes, die Vielfalt der Lebensräume und der Einfluss verschiedener Zentren der Paläarktis, wohl auch der Orientalischen und der Afrotropischen Region, lassen eine deutlich höhere Artenzahl als bisher bekannt erwarten. Bisher wurden im Iran 14 Arten aus 5 Gattungen nachgewiesen, zu denen jetzt zwei neue Arten hinzu kommen.
    [Show full text]
  • The Economic Geology of Iran Mineral Deposits and Natural Resources Springer Geology
    Springer Geology Mansour Ghorbani The Economic Geology of Iran Mineral Deposits and Natural Resources Springer Geology For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/10172 Mansour Ghorbani The Economic Geology of Iran Mineral Deposits and Natural Resources Mansour Ghorbani Faculty of Geoscience Shahid Beheshti University Tehran , Iran ISBN 978-94-007-5624-3 ISBN 978-94-007-5625-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-5625-0 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012951116 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Collembola of North Forests of Iran, List of Genera and Species
    Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering B 8 (2019) 139-146 doi:10.17265/2162-5263/2019.04.003 D DAVID PUBLISHING The Collembola of North Forests of Iran, List of Genera and Species Masoumeh Shayanmehr1 and Elliyeh Yahyapour2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Mazandaran 582, Iran Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Arak-Branch, Arak 38135/567, Iran Abstract: The Collembola fauna of Iran has received little attention and this applies in particular to the Hyrcanian forests in northern Iran. In this study, the list of Collembola from north forests of Iran, and collected information such as study site, until March 2019 are listed. At present, 107 species, belonging to 14 families and 51 genera are known from northern forests of Iran. Key words: Collembola, checklist, forest, Iran. 1. Introduction work on their fauna [6-22]. Here, authors provide an update to the list of Collembola from northern forests Hyrcanian forests are located in northern Iran and of Iran published from 2013 to 2019. Obviously, the mostly are composed of deciduous trees. The climate fauna of forests of Iran is unknown, this present study of south Caspian region is humid with most aims at contributing to close this gap of knowledge, precipitation occurring in autumn, winter and spring. concentrating the unique Hyrcanian forests and Soil and leaf litter in these forests are occupied by providing information on the fauna of Collembola in different soil-dwelling animals especially Collembola different soil layers and their seasonal variation.
    [Show full text]
  • 102 Political Prisoners of the Shah's Time Emphasize That Iraj Mesdaghi
    Petition - 20th round of signatures with "102" added signatures of political prisoners of the Shah's dictatorship 102 political prisoners of the Shah's time emphasize that Iraj Mesdaghi, the agent and infiltrator of the MOIS and protégé of Lajavardi the henchman of Evin prison, should be tried alongside the henchman Hamid Nouri Declaration of "1602" political prisoner about the absurd allegations of Iraj Mesdaghi "In line with the goals of the clerical regime’s Ministry of Intelligence and being its agent." 102 political prisoners of the Shah's era have emphasized that Iraj Mesdaghi, Who participated in the prosecutor's patrols to hunt the MEK members, and the protégé of Lajavardi, the henchman of Evin prison, is an MOIS agent and infiltrator and should be tried alongside the henchman Hamid Nouri. We are acquainted with the role and function of the infiltrators of Shah’s secret agents, the SAVAK (Such as Sirus Nahavandi, Massoud Batahi, and Behrouz Zofan) And according to the investigative reports of the Judiciary Committee of the National Council of Resistance On the eve of the trial of Hamid Nouri and the role of Iraj Mesdaghi We join the declaration of 1,500 of our brothers and sisters who have experienced the dungeons and torture chambers of the clerical regime. The mission of MOIS agent and infiltrator against democratic alternatives is Part of a long-standing project of religious dictatorship for massacre and destruction of The People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran as the main enemy of the Khomeini regime. 1 Declaration of 1500
    [Show full text]
  • New Data on the Spider Fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Aranei). Part VI Новые Данные По Фауне Пауков Иран
    Евразиатский энтомол. журнал 18(4): 233–243 © EUROASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL doi: 10.15298/euroasentj.18.4.01 JOURNAL, 2019 New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Aranei). Part VI Íîâûå äàííûå ïî ôàóíå ïàóêîâ Èðàíà (Arachnida: Aranei). ×àñòü VI A. Zamani*, A.V. Tanasevitch**, A.A. Nadolny***, S.L. Esyunin****, Yu.M. Marusik*****, ****** À. Çàìàíè*, À.Â. Òàíàñåâè÷**, À.À. Íàäîëüíûé***, Ñ.Ë. Åñþíèí****, Þ.Ì. Ìàðóñèê*****, ****** * Zoological Museum, Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014 Finland. E-mail: [email protected]. * Зоологический музей, Отделение биологии, Университет Турку, Турку FI-20014 Финляндия. ** A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 33, Moscow 119071 Russia. ** Институт проблем экологии и эволюции РАН им. А.Н. Северцова, Ленинский просп. 33. Москва 119071 Россия. *** Institute of Marine Biological Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimov Ave. 2, Sevastopol 299011 Россия. *** Институт биологии южных морей имени А.О. Ковалевского РАН, просп. Нахимова 2, Севастополь 299011 Россия. **** Perm State University, Bukireva Str. 15, Perm 614990 Russia. **** Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, ул. Букирева 15, Пермь 614990 Россия. ***** Institute for Biological Problems of the North RAS, Portovaya Str. 18, Magadan 685007 Russia. ***** Институт биологических проблем Севера ДВО РАН, ул. Портовая 18, Магадан 685007 Россия ****** Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa. ****** Университет Фри-Стейт, Отделение зоологии и энтомологии, Блюментфонтейн 9300 Южная Африка. Keywords: Araneae, Middle East, new records, Cyclosa sierrae, Runcinia tarabayevi, Pardosa jaikensis, Pardosa italica, Zoropsis lutea. Ключевые слова: Araneae, Ближний Восток, новые находки, Cyclosa sierrae, Runcinia tarabayevi, Pardosa jaikensis, Pardosa italica, Zoropsis lutea.
    [Show full text]
  • The Provisioning of Forest Ecosystem Services to Support Livelihood of Local Communities in Mountainous Area of Hyrcanian Region
    Women and Woods: The Provisioning of Forest Ecosystem Services Seite 95 138. Jahrgang (2021), Heft 2, S. 95-116 Women and Woods: The Provisioning of Forest Ecosystem Services to Support Livelihood of Local Communities in Mountainous Area of Hyrcanian Region Frauen und Wälder: Bereitstellung von Walddienstleistungen zur Unterstützung des Lebensunterhalts lokaler Gemeinschaften in Berggebieten in Hyrkanien Shakila Ghanbari1, Mohammad Avate Hemmat2*, Taghi Shamekhi3, Emilia Nercissians4 Keywords: Caspian region, Ecosystem services, Forest-dependent com- munity, Gender, Stacking theory Schlüsselbegri e: Kaspische Region, Ökosystem-Dienstleistungen, Waldabhän- gige Gemeinschaft, Geschlecht, Stacking Theorie Abstract Forest ecosystem services are necessary for rural communities’ livelihood and well- being. Forests provide various raw materials such as timber, fuelwood, and fodder and a signi cant share thereof is often handled by women. However, these issues have been barely addressed in the scienti c literature in Iran. The objectives of this paper are to illustrate the signi cance of raw material sourced from forests and the role of women in maintaining and improving rural households' livelihoods in moun- tainous villages of the Hyrcanian forests. A qualitative case study was conducted using interviews, focus group discussions, and eld observations. Our results indi- Graduated M.Sc. Student, Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Professor, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Associate Prof., Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran *Corresponding author: Mohammad Avate Hemmat, avate @ut.ac.ir Seite 96 Ghanbari, Hemmat, Shamekhi, Nercissians cate that households use forest raw materials for building construction, improving agricultural production, for generating energy, and as livestock fodder.
    [Show full text]
  • (Insecta, Coleoptera) from Iran
    Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 2017, 36(4): 259-277 259 New records of Geotrupidae and Scarabeidae dung beetles (Insecta, Coleoptera) from Iran O. Montreuil UMR 7179 MNHN/CNRS, MECADEV, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Entomologie, CP 50, 45 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris cedex 05. *Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract New locality data are given for eight species of Geotrupidae and 65 species and sub-species of Scarabaeidae dung beetles from Iran. The species Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) anatolicus Petrovitz, 1962, and Onitis alexis ssp. septentrionalis Balthasar, 1942, are recorded for the first time from Iran. Keywords: Geotrupini, Bolbelasmini, Lethrini, Coprini, Onitini, Sisyphini, Oniticellini, Onthophagini, Gymnopleurini, Iran. ﮔﺰارشﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮادهﻫﺎي Geotrupidae و Scarabeidae ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن اﯾﺮان (Insecta, Coleoptera) اوﻟﯿﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺮوي ﭼﮑﯿﺪه اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺸﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺸﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﻮﺳﮏ Geotrupidae و 65 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ و زﯾﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﻮﺳﮏ ﺳﺮﮔﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﺘﺎن Scarabaeidae در اﯾﺮان ذﮐﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ در ﻣﯿﺎن آنﻫﺎ دوﮔﻮﻧﮥ Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) anatolicus Petrovitz, 1962, and Onitis ,alexis ssp. septentrionalis Balthasar, 1942 ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر از ﮐﺸﻮر ﮔﺰارش ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. واژﮔﺎن ﮐﻠﯿﺪي: اﯾﺮان، ,Geotrupini, Bolbelasmini, Lethrini, Coprini, Onitini, Sisyphini, Oniticellini, Onthophagini Gymnopleurini Introduction their distribution limit to Iran (Montreuil, 2011, 2016). Three families of Coleoptera Lamellicornia are Iranian Coprini as they were redefined by Montreuil known to exploit all kinds of dung and feces: (1998) are represented by six species in four genera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiidae and Geotrupidae Synapsis Bates, 1868, Metacatharsius Montreuil, 1998, (Cambefort, 2001a; Cambefort & Hanski, 2001; Copris Müller, 1764, and Heliocopris Hope, 1837; Hanski, 2001). They are all worldwide groups showing Onitini by twelve species in three genera, Onitis different rate of diversification in different Fabricius, 1798, Cheironitis van Lansberge, 1875, and biogeographic areas (Cambefort, 2001b).
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of the Genus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in SW Asia
    Diversity of the genus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in SW Asia Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Dr. rer. nat. an der Fakultät Biologie/Chemie/Geowissenschaften der Universität Bayreuth Amir Hossein Pahlevani Aus dem Iran, Tehran Bayreuth, 2017 Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde von April 2012 bis Dezember 2016 am Lehrstuhl Pflanzensystematik der Universität Bayreuth unter Betreuung von Frau Prof. Dr. Sigrid Liede-Schumann und Herr Prof. Dr. Hossein Akhani angefertig. Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät für Biologie, Chemie und Geowissenschaften der Universität Bayreuth genehmigten Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.). Dissertation eingereicht am: 15.12.2016 Zulassung durch die Prüfungskommission: 11.01.2017 Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium: 20.03.2017 Amtierender Dekan: Prof. Dr. Stefan Schuster Prüfungsausschuss: Prof. Dr. Sigrid Liede-Schumann (Erstgutachter) PD Dr. Gregor Aas (Zweitgutachter) Prof. Dr. Gerhard Gebauer (Vorsitz) Prof. Dr. Carl Beierkuhnlein This dissertation is submitted as a ‘Cumulative Thesis’ that includes four publications: Three published and one submitted. List of Publications 1. Pahlevani AH, Akhani H, Liede-Schumann S. Diversity, endemism, distribution and conservation status of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in SW Asia. Submitted to the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. (Revision under review). 2. Pahlevani AH, Liede-Schumann S, Akhani H. 2015. Seed and capsule morphology of Iranian perennial species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) and its phylogenetic application. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 177: 335–377. 3. Pahlevani AH, Feulner M, Weig A, Liede-Schumann S. 2017. Molecular and morphological studies disentangle species complex in Euphorbia sect. Esula (Euphorbiaceae) from Iran, including two new species. Plant Systematics and Evolution 4. Pahlevani AH, Riina R.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of the Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control
    Thursday, July 1, 2010 Part III Department of the Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control 31 CFR Chapter V Alphabetical Listing of Blocked Persons, Blocked Vessels, Specially Designated Nationals, Specially Designated Terrorists, Specially Designated Global Terrorists, Foreign Terrorist Organizations, and Specially Designated Narcotics Traffickers; Final Rule VerDate Mar<15>2010 16:15 Jun 30, 2010 Jkt 220001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\01JYR2.SGM 01JYR2 mstockstill on DSKH9S0YB1PROD with RULES2 38212 Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 126 / Thursday, July 1, 2010 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY persons, blocked vessels, specially Register and the most recent version of designated nationals, specially the SDN List posted on OFAC’s Web site Office of Foreign Assets Control designated terrorists, specially for updated information on designations designated global terrorists, foreign and blocking actions before engaging in 31 CFR Chapter V terrorist organizations, and specially transactions that may be prohibited by designated narcotics traffickers whose the economic sanctions programs Alphabetical Listing of Blocked property and interests in property are administered by OFAC. Please note that Persons, Blocked Vessels, Specially blocked pursuant to the various some OFAC sanctions programs prohibit Designated Nationals, Specially economic sanctions programs transactions involving persons and Designated Terrorists, Specially administered by the Department of the vessels not identified on Appendix A to Designated Global Terrorists, Foreign Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets 31 CFR chapter V or other lists provided Terrorist Organizations, and Specially Control (‘‘OFAC’’). OFAC is hereby by OFAC. Designated Narcotics Traffickers amending and republishing Appendix A This amendment reflects the names of AGENCY: Office of Foreign Assets in its entirety to include or delete, as persons and vessels identified on Control, Treasury.
    [Show full text]