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⚳䩳冢ᷕ㔁做⣏⬠枛㦪⬠䲣䡑⢓䎕 枛㦪㔁做䳬䡑⢓婾㔯 ㊯⮶㔁㌰烉匲㓷ṩ⌂⢓ 彰化縣花壇鄉與大村鄉國小四年級學童 唱歌聲音、音樂性向與音樂學習經驗之相關研究 Correlations among Singing Voice, Musical Aptitude, and Musical Learning Experiences of Fourth Graders in Huatan Township & Dacun Township, Changhua County 䞼䨞䓇烉悕㳢㛹 㑘 ᷕ厗㮹⚳ᶨ䘦暞ℕ⸜ḅ㚰 謝 辭 三年多的碩士旅途即將寫下句點，這段時間遇上了好多貴人！ 首先最感恩、感謝的人當屬我的指導教授－莊敏仁博士，在老師多年的指導 與提攜，不僅在研究、課業或是待人處事上，老師以身作則，對音樂教育的專業 與熱誠更是作為我一生的榜樣，感謝在碩士班課程能夠成為老師的學生，滿滿的 感恩、感激與感謝！ 感謝我的口試委員，林小玉教授與黎文富教授，兩位教授在口試時給予我的 指導與肯定，並且提供我更進步的意見與建議，讓我的研究能更臻完整。感謝在 我研究中，擔任唱歌聲音測驗的評審張郁棻老師與劉郁宜老師，兩位老師在學校 繁忙之餘仍答應配合評分，真的很十分感謝。感謝廖培生會長，聽到我正在進行 研究，主動陪同我至各校一一拜訪。感謝花壇鄉與大村鄉內九所國小的校長、音 樂教師，因為有您們的合作，才能讓研究測驗進行的順利。 感謝修習課程時的最佳夥伴：季伶與佩君，一起在 201 教室學習知識，在我 低潮的時候給我打氣與鼓勵。我常常覺得，能在碩士班遇見你們真是太好了！感 謝香瑩學姐，在教育學程時一起修課給予我許多幫助。還有音樂教育組的學妹 們：雅宜、孟汎、湘慈、宛臻、竺吟、陳樺、曉薇。雖說是學妹，但大家都是我 未來的前輩們，很慶幸在音教組遇到這麼多和善的人。 感謝就讀期間系辦姐姐們的幫助：明珠姐、巧穎姐、宜臻姐、翊瑄姐。感謝 廣駿、香魚，在系辦協助事情的種種，累積了很多實務經驗。感謝立帆學弟，超 給力的戰友，我們共同在系辦完成了好多前無古人的事，相信你未來也是個非凡 的人！就讀期間遇到許多很棒的學弟妹：淳文、李柔、瘦寶、加敬、上鳳、斯 前、巍元；住宿時在 510 度過令人捧腹的時光，感謝孝華、Kay、沂宸、至勝、 倪平、梓諾。感謝 Rico 哥與貝貝姐，你們給予我好多鼓勵與建議。 就學中的鋼琴課是段美好時光，感謝黃惠華老師，我總是很珍惜每堂鋼琴 課，琴藝更進步以外，老師也給了我很多人生價值觀，感謝老師！此外三年中修 習了教育學程，感謝在母校實習時給我指導的峰維主任、馨方老師，過去曾經是 我小學導師的馨方老師，在實習時再度成為我的導師，實習中我學到許多在教育 現場的教學方式與規則，讓我更期許未來一定要成為好老師。 最後，感謝在任何時候總是支持我的家人們，就學期間所有的事，不論是值 得開心，或者是值得再改進的，都有你們鼓勵與扶持。感謝爸爸，我們家的經濟 支柱，這幾年辛苦您，請再堅持幾年，換我來為家庭付出；感謝媽媽，您總是自 豪我是您最大的成就，請好好疼惜自己，希望我能孝順您們好多好多年；感謝弟 弟與妹妹，不論我發生什麼事，你們總是站我這邊，容忍我暴躁時的情緒，我很 感激你們如此以我為榜樣，這都是讓我完成學位的最大動力。 除了知識的學習，這幾年我收穫最大的，就是處世圓滑的道理，三年多的碩 士旅途即將寫下句點，感謝這段時間遇上了好多貴人！ 彰化縣花壇鄉與大村鄉國小四年級學童唱歌聲音、音樂性向 與音樂學習經驗之相關研究 㐀天 㛔䞼䨞㖐⛐㍊妶彰化縣花壇鄉與大村鄉⚳⮷⚃⸜䳂⬠䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛ˣ枛㦪⿏⎹ 冯枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿ᷳ䚠斄⿏炻德忶㷔槿婧㞍㕡⺷炻ẍ匲㓷ṩ⌂⢓䶐墥ᷳˬ⃺䪍ⓙ㫴倚 枛㷔槿˭ˣ*RUGRQˬ枛㦪⿏⎹ᷕ䳂倥≃㷔槿˭ ,00$ ẍ⍲䞼䨞侭冒䶐ᷳˬ枛㦪⬠ 佺䴻槿婧㞍堐˭䁢䞼䨞ⶍ℟炻忚埴屯㕁ᷳ吸普ˤ䞼䨞⮵尉䁢⼘⊾䷋剙⡯悱冯⣏㛹 悱⚳⮷⚃⸜䳂⬠䪍炻ℙ妰Ṣ炷䓟䪍⎵炻⤛䪍⎵炸炻㇨⼿屯㕁ẍ㍷徘䴙妰 ˣ䌐䩳㧋㛔t㩊⭂ˣ䙖䇦㢖䧵ⶖ忚埴䴙妰↮㜸ˤ ὅ䄏䞼䨞䘤䎦炻㛔䞼䨞䳸婾⤪ᶳ烉 壹、⬠䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳烉ℐ橼䞼䨞㧋㛔⬠䪍ẍ低聲區ᶱ✳ˬ婒娙枛➇㫴ⓙ侭˭Ṣ㔠 䁢㚨⣂炻研究樣本䓟䪍冯研究樣本⤛䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛⸛⛯栆✳䘮䁢䫔ℕⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳ ˬᶵ䨑⭂⇅㛇枛➇㫴ⓙ侭˭ˤ 屛ˣ⬠䪍枛婧✳枛㦪⿏⎹烉研究樣本⬠䪍ᷳ枛婧✳枛㦪⿏⎹ẍ↮䁢⣂㔠炷炸 炻研究樣本䓟䪍冯研究樣本⤛䪍枛婧✳枛㦪⿏⎹㷔槿⸛⛯↮㔠䘮䁢↮ˤ ⍫ˣ⬠䪍枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿烉研究樣本⤛䪍⍫冯枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿䘬㭼ἳ檀㕤研究樣本䓟䪍 炻⍫冯㟉ℏ枛㦪⿏䣦⛀㗪攻⣂䁢ᶨ⸜ẍℏ炻ᶼẍ⮷㍸䏜䣦⛀ˣ䁷⃳渿渿䣦⛀ˣ昞䫃䣦 ⛀䁢⣂㔠ˤ 倮ˣ⬠䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛ˣ枛㦪⿏⎹冯枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿ᷳ䚠斄⿏烉⍫冯⎰ⓙ⛀ᷳ⬠䪍，其 唱歌倚枛栆✳冯枛婧✳枛㦪⿏⎹⏰栗叿檀⹎䚠斄炷ųľįĹĺ炸烊⍫冯⮷㍸䏜ˣℑ䧖 㦪☐ᷳ⬠䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳冯枛婧✳枛㦪⿏⎹均⏰栗叿ᷕ⹎䚠斄炷ųľįĵij烊ųľįĵĸ炸烊 ⬠䪍⛐ᶵ⎴㟉ℏ枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿⍫冯ね⼊ˣ⍫冯㗪攻冯枛婧✳枛㦪⿏⎹⏰栗叿ⶖ䔘ˤ 斄挝⫿烉⃺䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛ˣ枛㦪⿏⎹ˣ枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿ˣ⚳⮷枛㦪㔁⬠ L Correlations among Singing Voice, Musical Aptitude, and Musical Learning Experiences of Fourth Graders in Huatan Township & Dacun Township, Changhua County $EVWUDFW 7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVVWXG\ZDVWRLQYHVWLJDWHWKHFRUUHODWLRQVIRUIRXUJUDGHUV¶ VLQJLQJYRLFHPXVLFDSWLWXGHDQGPXVLFOHDUQLQJH[SHULHQFH at Huatan Township & Dacun Township, Changhua County in Taiwan7KHinstruments of this studyLQFOXGH ³&KLOGUHQ6LQJLQJ9RLFH0HDVXUH´ E\ &KXDQJ (2010)7RQDOWHVWIURP ³,QWHUPHGLDWH0HDVXUHRI0XVLF$SWLWXGHȿ E\*RUGRQ (1986) DQGȾ0XVLF /HDUQLQJ([SHULHQFH,ȿDself-design TXHVWLRQQDLUH E\WKHUHVHDUFKHU7KHVWXG\ VXEMHFWV (n=313)wereIURPVFKRROVat+XDWDQTownship DQG'DFXQTRZQVKLS 6WDWLVWLFDO PHWKRGVincludingGHVFULSWLYHVWDWLVWLFVLQGHSHQGHQWVDPSOHWWHVWRQHZD\$129$ %URZQ)RUV\WKHWHVW'XQQHWW¶V76SHDUPDQ¶VUKRFRHIILFLHQWZHUHXVHGWRDQDO\]H GDWD 7KHUHVXOWVDUHDVIROORZV &KLOGUHQ6LQJLQJ9RLFH烉7KHmajarityVLQJLQJYRLFHcategory of the samples is Category 3 Ⱦ6SHDNLQJ5DQJH6LQJHUȿ(21.41%). The average singing voice category of both boys and girls is Category 6 "Inconsistent Initial Range Singer". 0XVLF$SWLWXGH烉The gain score of VDPSOHsLQWKHWRQDOWHVW LV7KHDYHUDJHgain VFRUHRIERWKER\VDQGJLUOVLV LL 3.Music Learning Experience：The ratio of music learning experience of girls is higher than that of boys. The participation time of the samples mostly is one year. The ranking of popularity for samples attending music clubs is violin club, followed by ukulele club and ocarina club. 4.Correlations among the children singing voice, music aptitude and the music learning experiences：There is a high correlation (r=.89) between singing voice and music aptitude from samples who attended chorus club; There are moderate correlations between singing voice and music aptitude from samples who attended violin club (r=.42) and samples who took two different instrument lessons (r=.47). There are significant differences in music aptitude for samples who had different music learning situations and different music learning time in school. Keywords: Children singing voice, Music aptitude, Music learning experience, Music teaching in elementary schools iii 目次 摘要.................................................................................................................................i 目次...............................................................................................................................iv 表次...............................................................................................................................vi 圖次................................................................................................................................x 譜次...............................................................................................................................xi 第一章 緒論..................................................................................................................1 第一節 研究背景與動機......................................................................................1 第二節 研究目的與待答問題..............................................................................3 第三節 名詞釋義..................................................................................................5 第四節 研究範圍與限制......................................................................................6 第二章 文獻探討..........................................................................................................7 第一節 兒童唱歌聲音測驗相關研究..................................................................7 第二節 音樂性向之相關理論............................................................................22 第三節 音樂學習經驗之相關研究....................................................................31 第三章研究方法與步驟..............................................................................................41 第一節 研究設計................................................................................................41 第二節 研究場域與對象....................................................................................42 第三節 研究工具................................................................................................43 第四節 研究過程與步驟....................................................................................50 第五節 資料蒐集與分析....................................................................................53 第六節 研究倫理................................................................................................56 第七節 研究時程................................................................................................57 第四章 研究結果與分析............................................................................................59 第一節 樣本學童唱歌聲音類型分布情形........................................................59 第二節 樣本學童音調型音樂性向....................................................................66 第三節 樣本學童音樂學習經驗統計................................................................74 第四節 樣本學童唱歌聲音、音樂性向與音樂學習經驗之相關分析............80 第五章 結論與建議..................................................................................................127 第一節 結論......................................................................................................127 第二節 研究省思..............................................................................................130 第三節 建議......................................................................................................131 iv ⍫侫㔯䌣««««««««««««««««««««««««« ᶨˣᷕ㔯㚠䚖««««««««««««««««««««««««« Ḵˣ劙㔯㚠䚖««««««««««««««««««««««««« 旬抬 ˰旬抬ᶨ˱⃺䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛㷔槿䲨抬堐««««««««««««««« ˰旬抬Ḵ˱枛㦪⿏⎹㷔槿«««««««««««««««««««« ˰旬抬ᶱ˱⃺䪍枛㦪⿏⎹䲨抬堐««««««««««««««««« ˰旬抬⚃˱枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿⓷⌟«««««««««««««««««« ˰旬抬Ḽ˱㕥㷔⬠㟉⎴シ㚠««««««««««««««««««« ˰旬抬ℕ˱㕥㷔䎕䳂⮶ⷓ⎴シ㚠««««««««««««««««« Y 堐㫉 堐⃺䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛㷔槿慷堐 堐ẍˬ⃺䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛㷔槿˭䁢㷔槿ⶍ℟ᷳ叿ἄ冯⬠ỵ婾㔯䚠斄㔯䌣 堐⚳ℏ忶⍣⚃⸜䳂⬠䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳↮ⶫ 堐枛㦪⿏⎹䚠斄䞼䨞ᶨ奥堐 堐枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿䚠斄㔯䌣ᶨ奥堐 堐䞼䨞㧋㛔Ṣ㔠堐 堐枛㦪⿏⎹ᷕ䳂倥≃㷔槿枛婧㷔槿柴䚖 堐枛㦪⿏⎹ᷕ䳂倥≃㷔槿枛婧㷔槿柴䚖↮㜸 堐姽↮侭攻ᾉ⹎䴙妰慷 堐䞼䨞㧋㛔ẋ䡤䶐⇞ᶨ奥堐 堐䞼䨞㗪䦳堐 堐樣本⬠䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳䴙妰㐀天堐.... 堐樣本⬠䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳ᷳ↮ⶫ............ 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堐樣本䓟䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳冯㟉ℏ枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿⍫冯㗪攻ᷳ╖⚈⫸嬲䔘㔠↮㜸...........89 堐樣本䓟䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳冯㟉⢾枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿⍫冯㗪攻ᷳ╖⚈⫸嬲䔘㔠↮㜸..........89 堐樣本⤛䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳冯枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿⍫冯ね⼊ᷳ㍷徘⿏䴙妰.............. 堐樣本⤛䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳冯枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿⍫冯ね⼊ᷳ嬲䔘㔠⎴岒⿏侫槿.............. 堐樣本⤛䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳冯枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿⍫冯ね⼊ᷳ%URZQ)RUV\WKH㩊⭂............. 堐樣本⤛䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳冯枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿⍫冯ね⼊ᷳ'XQQHWW¶V7㩊⭂堐............. 堐樣本⤛䪍㟉ℏ枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿ᷳ㫉㔠↮惵堐............. 堐樣本⤛䪍㟉⢾枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿ᷳ㫉㔠↮惵堐............. 堐樣本⤛䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳冯㟉ℏ枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿⍫冯㗪攻ᷳ嬲䔘㔠⎴岒⿏侫槿........94 堐樣本⤛䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳冯㟉⢾枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿⍫冯㗪攻ᷳ嬲䔘㔠⎴岒⿏侫槿........94 堐樣本⤛䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳冯㟉ℏ枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿⍫冯㗪攻ᷳ%URZQ)RUV\WKH㩊⭂......95 堐樣本⤛䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳冯㟉⢾枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿⍫冯㗪攻╖⚈⫸嬲䔘㔠↮㜸........... 堐樣本⤛䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳冯㟉⢾枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿⍫冯㗪攻ᷳ屣暒䇦㚨⮷栗叿 ⶖ䔘㱽㩊⭂堐. 堐樣本⬠䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳冯枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿⍫冯ね⼊ᷳ㍷徘⿏䴙妰............ 堐樣本⬠䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳冯枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿⍫冯ね⼊ᷳ嬲䔘㔠⎴岒⿏侫槿............ 堐樣本⬠䪍ⓙ㫴倚枛栆✳冯枛㦪⬠佺䴻槿⍫冯ね⼊ᷳ╖⚈⫸嬲䔘㔠↮㜸...........
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  • Welcome to the Central Bank of China

    Welcome to the Central Bank of China

    401 INSURED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS 2021/3/31 39 Insured Domestic Banks 5 Sanchong City Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 62 Hengshan District Farmers' Association of Hsinchu County 1 Bank of Taiwan 14 BNP Paribas 6 Banciao City Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 63 Sinfong Township Farmers' Association of Hsinchu County 2 Land Bank of Taiwan 15 Standard Chartered Bank 7 Danshuei Township Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 64 Miaoli City Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 3 Taiwan Cooperative Bank 16 Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation 8 Shulin City Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 65 Jhunan Township Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 4 First Commercial Bank 17 Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank 9 Yingge Township Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 66 Tongsiao Township Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 5 Hua Nan Commercial Bank 18 UBS AG 10 Sansia Township Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 67 Yuanli Township Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 6 Chang Hwa Commercial Bank 19 ING BANK, N. V. 11 Sinjhuang City Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 68 Houlong Township Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 7 Citibank Taiwan 20 Australia and New Zealand Bank 12 Sijhih City Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 69 Jhuolan Township Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 8 The Shanghai Commercial & Savings Bank 21 Wells Fargo Bank 13 Tucheng City Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 70 Sihu Township Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 9 Taipei Fubon Commercial Bank 22 MUFG Bank 14
  • Welcome to the Central Bank of China

    Welcome to the Central Bank of China

    400 INSURED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS 2018/10/31 38 Insured Domestic Banks 5 Sanchong City Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 62 Hengshan District Farmers' Association of Hsinchu County 1 Bank of Taiwan 13 BNP Paribas 6 Banciao City Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 63 Sinfong Township Farmers' Association of Hsinchu County 2 Land Bank of Taiwan 14 Standard Chartered Bank 7 Danshuei Township Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 64 Miaoli City Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 3 Taiwan Cooperative Bank 15 Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation 8 Shulin City Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 65 Jhunan Township Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 4 First Commercial Bank 16 Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank 9 Yingge Township Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 66 Tongsiao Township Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 5 Hua Nan Commercial Bank 17 UBS AG 10 Sansia Township Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 67 Yuanli Township Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 6 Chang Hwa Commercial Bank 18 ING BANK, N. V. 11 Sinjhuang City Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 68 Houlong Township Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 7 Citibank Taiwan 19 Australia and New Zealand Bank 12 Sijhih City Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 69 Jhuolan Township Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 8 The Shanghai Commercial & Savings Bank 20 Wells Fargo Bank 13 Tucheng City Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 70 Sihu Township Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 9 Taipei Fubon Commercial Bank 21 MUFG Bank 14
  • Annual Important Performance

    Annual Important Performance

    Annual Important Performance Item Unit 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1.Capacity of Water Supply System M3/Day … … … … … … 2.Capacity of Water-Purification-Station M3/Day 1,552,559 1,802,000 2,439,390 2,731,112 2,921,834 3,187,036 3.Average Yield Per Day M3 1,176,321 1,265,741 1,332,205 1,513,115 1,791,415 1,996,937 4.Average Water Distributed Per Day M3 1,159,958 1,251,325 1,329,623 1,509,732 1,786,097 1,993,547 5.Average Water Sold Per Day M3 791,814 833,840 906,641 1,053,783 1,294,756 1,493,036 6.Yield M3 429,357,104 461,995,434 487,586,996 552,286,833 653,866,592 728,881,919 7.Distributed Water M3 423,384,502 456,733,547 486,641,970 551,052,131 651,925,230 727,644,563 8.Water Sold M3 289,012,366 304,351,457 331,830,538 384,630,881 472,585,950 544,957,993 9.Actual Meter-Readings M3 … … 325,943,007 366,487,228 447,447,054 508,369,477 10.Percentage of Water Sold ％ 68.26 66.64 68.19 69.80 72.49 74.89 11.Percentage of Actual Meter Readings ％ … … 66.98 66.51 68.63 69.87 12.Administrative Population Person 13,212,945 13,431,137 13,688,930 13,908,275 14,127,946 14,376,247 13.Designed Population Person 6,248,858 6,780,700 7,616,810 8,300,890 8,927,215 9,503,965 14.