DOCSLIB.ORG

United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,719,762 B2 Langenbeck (45) Date of Patent: Aug

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,719,762 B2 Langenbeck (45) Date of Patent: Aug USO097 19762B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,719,762 B2 Langenbeck (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 1, 2017 (54) CARTRIDGES AND BULLETS 5,058,503 A * 10/1991 Adams, III ............. F42B 30/08 102,439 (71) Applicant: Keith A. Langenbeck, Keller, TX (US) 5,092.246 A * 3/1992 Huerta .................... F4. 5,239.928 A * 8, 1993 Ricci ....................... F42B 5,067 (72) Inventor: Keith A. Langenbeck, Keller, TX (US) 4- - - CC 102,430 5,275,110 A * 1/1994 Flatau ..................... F42B 3Of O2 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 102,503 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 5,796,031 A * 8/1998 Sigler ....................... F42B 7/O2 U.S.C. 154(b) bV 118 davs. 102,438 (b) by ayS 6,070,532 A * 6/2000 Halverson ............... F42B 3Of O2 102.5O1 (21) Appl. No.: 14/676,792 6,105,506 A * 8/2000 Gangale .................. F42B 10, 26 102,439 (22) Filed: Apr. 1, 2015 7,278.358 B2 * 10/2007 Huffman ................. F42B 12/40 102,439 (65) Prior Publication Data 7,302,891 B1* 12/2007 Adams .................... F42B 5,025 102,439 US 2016/0290774 A1 Oct. 6, 2016 7,380,502 B2 * 6/2008 Emary .................... F42B 1234 (51) Int. Cl 102,506 F42B IOMO (2006.01) (Continued)Continued F42B (2/00 (2006.01) Primary Examiner — Samir Abdosh F42B 30/00 (2006.01) (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Lyman Moulton, Esq. F42B 30/02 (2006.01) F42B 5/02 (2006.01) (57) ABSTRACT (52) U.S. Cl. An improved bullet disclosed includes a blend radius dis CPC .............. F42B 30/02 (2013.01); F42B 5/025 posed between a first tangent thereof intersecting a shank of (2013.01) the bullet and a second tangent thereof intersecting one of a (58) Field of Classification Search cone ogive and a boattail ogive of the bullet. The bullet also CPC ................................... F42B 30/02; F42B 5/02 includes at least one dimple formed into a base of the bullet USPC .......................................................... 1 O2/439 adjacent the boattail ogive, a curved segment joining the See application file for complete search history. dimpled base and the boattail cone and a truncated cone ogive with a meplat end and a shank end, the truncated cone (56) References Cited ogive adapted to produce less drag and friction in air than a secant or a tangent ogive. The improved bullet extends an U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS effective flight range and a Coanda effect there around 4,517,897 A * 5/1985 Kneubuhl .............. B21K1102,439 (025 cartridgeE. adaptedI tle to receiveand theis 1mproved on the bullett in 1s neckeE. 4,517,898 A * 5/1985 Davis ...................... F42B 5,025 down and shortened for a COAL (cartridge overall length) 102,514 nominally the same as conventional cartridges. 4,708,063 A * 11/1987 Ladriere ................. F42B 30.02 102,516 14 Claims, 9 Drawing Sheets 95 132O 1305 300 1332 US 9,719,762 B2 Page 2 (56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 7,455,015 B2 * 1 1/2008 Krstic ..................... F42B 12.74 102,439 2007, OOOO404 A1* 1/2007 Eberhart ................. F42B 12.78 102,516 2011/0088537 A1* 4, 2011 Eberhart ................. F42B 12.74 86/55 2011/0107937 A1* 5/2011 Thompson .............. F42B 12.74 102,517 2011 O252997 A1* 10, 2011 Hoffman ................. F42B 12/06 102,439 2014/0230680 A1* 8, 2014 Meller .................... F42B 12/34 102,439 * cited by examiner U.S. Patent Aug. 1, 2017 Sheet 1 of 9 US 9,719,762 B2 Shank Tangent Shank Tangent - U.S. Patent Aug. 1, 2017 Sheet 2 of 9 US 9,719,762 B2 Turbulences Cavitation a t\ON Air FOW 4 - as v, 1—1-Air Flow -O - (- Air FOW A v N. - 2 Air FOW FIG. 4 U.S. Patent Aug. 1, 2017 Sheet 3 of 9 US 9,719,762 B2 OO --- - s 32O 1120 OS 1300 13321305 N. \ A : 100/1410 1st 335 O50 s ) w - s X 1330 77--------- N \ is 1122 --.......:* " 322 ? \ 1124 1822 24 \ u 1200 FIG. 5 U.S. Patent Sheet 4 of 9 US 9,719,762 B2 FIG. 6 U.S. Patent Aug. 1, 2017 Sheet 5 Of 9 US 9,719,762 B2 40 420 - 430– 30- 320- 330 44. s 34 as 490 400 35C 355 33. ) 30 i83 395 610 - 620 - 630 50- 520 - 530 84; r - s Saii 83 ) 600 SS 590 SO ...Y - 695 595 52s 555 810- 820 - 830 710- 720- 730– s rt % 84O . faiC 85) 855. 890 ) 800 750 755 79 OO 795 Prior Art FIG. 7 U.S. Patent Aug. 1, 2017 Sheet 6 of 9 US 9,719,762 B2 A 1630 : : “c-. A : r. s' SO5 I YY --- : % | Ogive s Cross Section : : 8. w FIG. 8 U.S. Patent Aug. 1, 2017 Sheet 7 Of 9 US 9,719,762 B2 744 7 42 al ---------- -- ---. Yr Y --r-, - a ra. --a ----- Yrs Y-- rea ^s. Y A 1733: rease. ... ... --- Ogive 2. s s CrOSS Section ... al rr... Y----- ^*k- a'- Sr. --- 7. --- Y--. sm r X. vs.-rm wr 3 s S : w FIG. 9 U.S. Patent Aug. 1, 2017 Sheet 8 of 9 US 9,719,762 B2 2510 - 2520 - 2530 - 2590 2500 * y - 2595 - 2525 2555 2910 - 2920 - 2930 - r --- 2940 --- ^2990) --- 2900 2995 – 2925 2955 FIG. 10 U.S. Patent Aug. 1, 2017 Sheet 9 Of 9 US 9,719,762 B2 US 9,719,762 B2 1. 2 CARTRIDGES AND BULLETS to 0.312 inches, weigh from 80 to 110 grains and have ballistic coefficients of around 0.100 to 0.150. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Common 30 caliber bullets for rifles have a diameter from 0.303 to 0.311 inches, weigh from 110 to 220 grains and The field of aerodynamic design for projectiles, aircraft, have ballistic coefficients of around 0.250 to 0.450. The rockets and the like is extensive. The physical size of small lower the ballistic coefficient, the quicker the bullet loses caliber bullets/projectiles presents challenges not encoun Velocity and useful range. Nose profile or shape, ratio of tered in aircraft wing, ballistic missile, artillery shell or bullet length to diameter, shape of the end of the projectile aircraft delivered bomb design. For small caliber weapons and other design aspects significantly affect the ballistic like handguns, shotguns, rifles and machine guns, perfor 10 coefficient. Typically handgun bullets are larger in diameter mance enhancements have for decades been incremental at than rifle bullets. The 30 caliber cartridges best illustrate the best. performance variations between handgun and rifle bullets of The search for improved performance in handgun car the same nominal diameter. tridges with better bullet external balistics and terminal 15 The Tokarev handgun cartridge from the Soviet Union, effects continues unabated. It is not uncommon for Law also known as the 7.62x25 mm, commonly has a bullet Enforcement organizations to have issued 9 mm Luger/ diameter of 0.309 inches, bullet length of 0.52 inches for a Parabellum (9x19 mm) semi-automatic duty pistols in the 90 grain weight, case diameter of 0.387 inches, cartridge 1990s only to change to 40 Smith & Wesson caliber (10x22 overall length of 1.34 inches, muzzle velocity of 1400-1700 mm) in the 2000s and now are reverting back to the 9 mm feet per second from a 4.5 inch barrel, ballistic coefficient of Luger. The reasons for changing back to the 9 mm from the 0.142 and an effective range to 50 meters+/-. The well 40 S&W include: known rifle cartridge .308Winchester, also known as 7.62x advances in 9 mm bullet design, 51 mm NATO, commonly has a bullet diameter of 0.308 increased muzzle energy in +P loadings, inches, bullet length of 1.15 inches for a 165 grain weight, reduced recoil versus 40 S&W, 357 SIG and 45 ACP 25 case diameter of 0.470 inches, cartridge overall length of longer service life of the weapon, 2.81 inches, muzzle velocity of 2600-2800 feet per second quicker and more accurate follow up shots due to reduced from a 20 inch barrel, ballistic coefficient of 0.450 and an recoil, effective range of 800 meters+/-. lower cost ammunition and others. Trying to use lighter weight rifle bullets in a pistol Another distinct advantage of the 9 mm Luger is its 30 application like the Tokarev results in functional compro Smaller case diameter, which results in greater magazine mises or are simply unworkable. Properly seating a tapered capacity versus similar sized pistols chambered in 40 S&W nose, longer bullet can extend the cartridge overall length (based on the 10 mm Auto case dimensions), 357 SIG beyond the physical constraints of the magazine and the (Schweizerische Industrie-Gesellschaft, also based on the 10 breech or cannibalize case capacity for the propellant needed mm Auto case dimensions), 10 mm Auto, 38 Super (semi 35 to move the bullet at desired velocities. rimmed case) and 45 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol) pistols. Recent reports from the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investiga SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION tion) affirm that the terminal effects and wound damage for modern 9 mm Luger cartridges/bullets versus 40 S&W and An improved pistol bullet disclosed includes a blend 45 ACP are essentially the same. 40 radius disposed between a first tangent thereof intersecting The 9 mm Luger is considered to be the most popular a shank of the bullet and a second tangent thereof intersect centerfire pistol cartridge in the world. The 9 mm Luger, aka ing one of a cone ogive and a boattail ogive of the bullet.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Initial-Statement-Reasons-11-17.Pdf
    INITIAL STATEMENT OF REASONS PROBLEM STATEMENT Penal Code (PC) section 30515 specifies characteristics that identify a firearm as an assault weapon. Section 5471 of title 11, division 5, California Code of Regulations (CCR) further defines terms used in PC section 30515 to describe those characteristics, for the purpose of the requirement to register with the Department of Justice (DOJ) a new class of assault weapons by stating assault weapons that do not have a fixed magazine, as defined in PC section 30515, including those weapons with an ammunition feeding device that can be readily removed from the firearm with the use of a tool, as provided in PC section 30900(b)(1). Section 5471 defines forty-four terms used in the identification of assault weapons pursuant to PC section 30515 or otherwise used in the section 5471 definitions themselves. Aside from the registration definitions set forth in section 5471, there currently are no definitions of the terms used in PC section 30515 to identify a firearm as an assault weapon. BENEFITS The proposed regulation will apply the definitions of terms in CCR section 5471 to the identification of assault weapons pursuant to PC section 30515, without limitation to context of the new registration process. This regulation will provide detailed, concrete information regarding firearms that constitute assault weapons. The proposed regulation will promote efficiency within the DOJ, as well as provide uniform guidance to the public, the judiciary, district attorney’s offices, and law enforcement agencies throughout California. PURPOSE AND NECESSITY PC section 30515 contains specific characteristic definitions of assault weapons.
    [Show full text]
  • Regulation Governing Firearm Cartridges and Archery Equipment
    CHAPTER 32 REGULATION GOVERNING FIREARM CARTRIDGES AND ARCHERY EQUIPMENT Section 1. Authority. This regulation is promulgated by authority of Wyoming Statutes § 23-1-302, § 23-2-104, § 23-3-110 and § 23-3-111. Section 2. Regulation. The Commission hereby adopts the following regulation governing firearm cartridges and archery equipment for the taking of big or trophy game animals and game birds. Section 3. Definition. In addition to the definitions set forth in Title 23 of the Wyoming Statutes, the Commission also adopts the following definitions for the purpose of this chapter: (a) “Archery Equipment” means crossbows, longbows, recurve bows, compound bows, arrows and bolts. (b) “Expanding Point Bullet” means any bullet designed by its manufacturer to create a wound channel larger than the bullet’s diameter. (c) “Smart Firearm” means any firearm equipped with a computerized targeting system that marks a target, calculates a firing solution and automatically discharges the firearm at a point calculated to most likely hit the marked target. (d) “Trackable Arrow Technology” means any technology or device that allows for a hunting arrow to be tracked or more readily located while in the field. This includes, but is not necessarily limited to, lighted arrow nocks, GPS devices inserted into an arrow shaft or Bluetooth arrow nocks, which facilitate locating a hunting arrow once it is shot from a bow. Section 4. Firearms, muzzle-loaders and cartridges that are legal for the taking of big or trophy game animals. (a) For the taking of bighorn sheep,
    [Show full text]
  • Short-Barreled Rifle
    U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives Office of the Director Washington, DC 20226 26 U.S.C. 5845(a)(3): DEFINITIONS (FIREARM ) 26 U.S.C. 5845(a)(4): DEFINITIONS (FIREARM) 26 U.S.C. 5845(c): DEFINITIONS (RIFLE) 27 CFR 479.11: DEFINITIONS (RIFLE) 27 CFR 479.11: DEFINITIONS (PISTOL) A firearm, as defined by the National Firearms Act (NFA), 26 U.S.C. 5845(a)(3), is made when unassembled parts are placed in close proximity in such a way that they: (a) serve no useful purpose other than to make a rifle having a barrel or barrels of less than 16 inches in length; or (b) convert a complete weapon into such an NFA firearm. A firearm, as defined by 26 U.S.C. 5845(a)(3) and (a)(4), is not made when parts within a kit that were originally designed to be configured as both a pistol and a rifle are assembled or re-assembled in a configuration not regulated under the NFA (e.g., as a pistol, or a rifle with a barrel or barrels of 16 inches or more in length). A firearm, as defined by 26 U.S.C. 5845(a)(3) and (a)(4), is not made when a pistol is attached to a part or parts designed to convert the pistol into a rifle with a barrel or barrels of 16 inches or more in length, and the parts are later unassembled in a configuration not regulated under the NFA (e.g., as a pistol).
    [Show full text]
  • BCI Firearms Methods Manual
    Ohio BCI Laboratory LM-Firearms Methods Issuing Authority: Laboratory Director Effective Date 08/28/2020 Revision 18 Page 1 of 54 Firearms Methods Manual Table of Contents 1 Procedure for the Examination of Firearms ............................................................... 4 1.1 Safety Considerations ......................................................................................... 4 1.2 Safe Firearm Handling......................................................................................... 4 1.2.1 Pre-firing safety examinations........................................................................ 5 1.2.2 Test Firing and Evidence Examination ............................................................ 5 1.3 Examination Documentation.............................................................................. 6 1.4 Physical Examinations......................................................................................... 7 1.4.1 Foreign Material.............................................................................................. 7 1.4.2 Barrel & Overall Length Measurement........................................................... 7 1.4.3 Rusted Firearms ............................................................................................ 10 1.4.4 Firearm Malfunction Examination................................................................ 10 1.4.5 Bore/Chamber Casting.................................................................................. 12 1.5 References .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 223 Remington 1 .223 Remington
    .223 Remington 1 .223 Remington .223 Remington A variety of .223 Remington cartridges and a .308 Winchester (right) for comparison. Bullets in .223 cartridges (left to right): Montana Gold 55 grain Full Metal Jacket, Sierra 55 grain Spitzer Boat Tail, Nosler/Winchester 55 grain Combined Technology, Hornady 60 grain V-MAX, Barnes 62 grain Tipped Triple-Shock X, Nosler 69 grain Hollow Point Boat Tail, Swift 75 grain Scirocco II. Type Rifle/varmint Place of origin United States Production history Designer Remington Arms Designed 1964 Variants .223 Ackley Improved, 5.56×45mm NATO Specifications Parent case .222 Remington Case type Rimless, bottleneck Bullet diameter .224 in (5.7 mm) Neck diameter .253 in (6.4 mm) Shoulder diameter .354 in (9.0 mm) Base diameter .376 in (9.6 mm) Rim diameter .378 in (9.6 mm) Rim thickness .045 in (1.1 mm) Case length 1.76 in (45 mm) Overall length 2.26 in (57 mm) Rifling twist 1 in 12 inch (military style rifles use 1:7 to 1:10 to stabilize longer bullets) Primer type Small rifle Maximum pressure 55,000 psi (380 MPa) Ballistic performance Bullet weight/type Velocity Energy 36 gr (2 g) JHP 3,750 ft/s (1,140 m/s) 1,124 ft·lbf (1,524 J) 55 gr (4 g) Nosler ballistic tip 3,240 ft/s (990 m/s) 1,282 ft·lbf (1,738 J) 60 gr (4 g) Nosler partition 3,160 ft/s (960 m/s) 1,330 ft·lbf (1,800 J) 69 gr (4 g) BTHP 2,950 ft/s (900 m/s) 1,333 ft·lbf (1,807 J) .223 Remington 2 77 gr (5 g) BTHP 2,750 ft/s (840 m/s) 1,293 ft·lbf (1,753 J) Test barrel length: 24 inches (61 cm) [] Source(s): Federal Cartridge The .223 Remington is a cartridge with almost the same external dimensions as the 5.56×45mm NATO military cartridge.
    [Show full text]
  • Paperjsm2008 V4 4
    Statistical Methods for Determining Optimal Rifle Cartridge Dimensions Steven Matthew Andersona, Shahar Boneh, Nels Grevstad Department of Mathematics, Metropolitan State College of Denver, Denver, CO 80217-3362 aAlso a statistician at Qwest Communication, Denver, CO, 80202 Abstract We have designed and carried out a statistical study to determine the optimal cartridge dimensions for a Savage 10FLP law enforcement grade rifle. Optimal performance is defined as minimal group diameter. A full factorial block design with two main factors and one blocking factor was used. The two main factors were bullet seating depth and powder charge. The experimental units were individual shots taken from a bench-rest position and fired into separate targets. Additionally, thirteen covariates describing various cartridge dimensions were recorded. The data analysis includes ANOVA and ANCOVA. We will describe the experiment, the analysis, and some results. Key Words: Ammunition, Marksmanship, Rifle, Factorial Design, ANOVA, ANCOVA 1. Introduction When a rifle cartridge is discharged, the bullet is accelerated down the bore of the barrel by pressure caused by the combustion of the explosive propellant contained in the cartridge. As the bullet is traveling down the barrel of a modern rifle it is spun by groves in the bore known as rifling. This acceleration and rotation of the mass causes a three dimensional vibration along the length of the barrel which reminds one of a corkscrew. Thus, depending on the last vibration node, the muzzle of the barrel travels in a cone, whose axis was the axis of the barrel before the ignition of the powder. This subsequent motion of the rifle barrel causes the initial direction of the shot to lie in a cone about the desired point of impact (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2. What Are “Firearms” Under the Nfa?
    CHAPTER 2. WHAT ARE “FIREARMS” UNDER THE NFA? Section 2.1 Types of NFA firearms The NFA defines the specific types of firearms subject to the provisions of the Act. These definitions describe the function, design, configuration and/or dimensions that weapons must have to be NFA firearms. In addition to describing the weapon, some definitions (machinegun, rifle, shotgun, any other weapon) state that the firearm described also includes a weapon that can be readily restored to fire. A firearm that can be readily restored to fire is a firearm that in its present condition is incapable of expelling a projectile by the action of an explosive (or, in the case of a machinegun, will not in its present condition shoot automatically) but which can be restored to a functional condition by the replacement of missing or defective component parts. Please be aware that case law is not specific but courts have held that the “readily restorable” test is satisfied where a firearm can be made capable of renewed automatic operation, even if it requires some degree of skill and the use of tools and parts. 2.1.1 Shotgun A shotgun is a firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder and designed to use the energy of the explosive in a fixed shotgun shell to fire through a smooth bore either a number of projectiles or a single projectile for each pull of the trigger.10 A shotgun subject to the NFA has a barrel or barrels of less than 18 inches in length. | 15 inches _ | The ATF procedure for measuring barrel length is to measure from the closed bolt (or breech-face) to the furthermost end of the barrel or permanently attached muzzle device.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Procedure for Firearm Examination (Dated 5/1/2018)
    Deviation Request Form (DRF) Version 3 North Carolina State Crime Laboratory Effective Date: 12/19/2014 Deviation Request Form (DRF) Directions: The Initiator will complete Sections A through C. Additional continuation pages can be included if necessary. Initiator Date A. Requested deviation applies to (Technical Procedure include specific section): B. Requested deviation: . C. Necessity for the deviation: . D. Technical review and Authorization (to be completed by the Quality Manager and/or Technical Leader) Comments(to include merits and impacts): Approved Yes No Duration .. Signature Date .. E. Quality Assurance Authorization (to be completed by the Quality Manager, Forensic Scientist Manager or designee) Acceptable within general QA guidelines and good laboratory practice? Yes No Significant negative impact to Crime Laboratory Quality System? Yes No Restrictions/limitations: Authorized Rejected Signature .. Date ... Form approved for use by: Page 1 of 1 DRF to Technical Procedure for Firearm Examination (dated 5/1/2018) 5.4.3 Barrel and Overall Length Measurements 5.4.3.1 Barrel Length measured using the DMD-48 As received, the barrel of the K-1 rifle has been altered. The barrel length of K-1 is 14.25 inches, +/- 0.11 inches with a coverage probability of 99.73%. 5.4.3.2 Barrel Length measured using a Hott-Rod™ As received, the barrel of the K-1 rifle has been altered. The barrel length of K-1 is 14 ¼ inches, +/- 5/32 inch with a coverage probability of 99.73%. 5.4.3.3 Overall Length measured using the DMD-48 As received, the stock of the K-1 shotgun has been altered.
    [Show full text]
  • Assault Weapon Identification Guide Was Last Updated in 2001, and Does Not Contain the Most Up-To-Date Assault Weapon Identification Information
    California Attorney General Assault Weapons Identification Guide as listed or described in Penal Code Sections 12276, 12276.1, and 12276.5 (Includes selected recent legislation) 3rd EDITION - November 2001 Please note: This Assault Weapon Identification Guide was last updated in 2001, and does not contain the most up-to-date assault weapon identification information. The Assault Weapon Identification Guide is currently under revision. State of California Office of the Attorney General Sacramento, California The purpose of this guide is to assist peace officers, firearms dealers, and the general public in the identification of assault weapons and to promote the better understanding of some of the more significant recently enacted legislation. This booklet may be reproduced without permission for noncommercial purposes, downloaded from the Firearms Division website at www.ag.ca.gov/firearms/awguide/, or purchased from the Firearms Division for $2 per copy at the address below. Department of Justice Firearms Division - AW Guide P.O. Box 820200 Sacramento, California 94203-0200 Questions or requests for assistance may be directed to: Telephone: (916) 227-3703 Fax: (916) 227-3744 Training for law enforcement agencies and firearms dealers on the subject of assault weapons or any matter concerning firearms or firearm law enforcement may be scheduled by calling (916) 263-0815. INTRODUCTION For the purposes of this guide, assault weapons are divided into three categories. These are: Category 1 - Penal Code section 12276 subdivisions (a), (b), (c) (Roberti Roos Assault Weapons Control Act of 1989); Category 2 - Penal Code section 12276 subdivisions (e) and (f) (Kasler v. Lockyer, AK and AR-15 series assault weapons); and Category 3 - Penal Code section 12276.1 (SB 23 - generic characteristic assault weapons).
    [Show full text]
  • Vihtavuori Reloading Guide 2021 USA
    FOR CENTERFIRE CARTRIDGES THE POWER OF ACCURACY R E L O A D For almost a hundred years, Vihtavuori powders have formed the heart of many of the world’s most renowned cartridges. Reloaders know they can trust in Vihtavuori powder’s performance VIHTAVUORI RELOAD APP - YOUR MOBILE GUIDE TO RELOADING and uniform high quality – cartridge after cartridge – to create a perfect product for successful Every keen reloader needs a guide to check and save reloading data. The free of shooting. When choosing Vihtavuori powders you know your ammo is up to the task, even in the charge Vihtavuori Reload app helps you with reloading process and keeps track of your toughest conditions. reloading recipes, both online and offline. Use the app to print out your load recipes to your email and create ammo loads for as many firearms and calibers you want. Manufacturing propellants entirely in-house ensures their high quality. All Vihtavuori powders With Vihtavuori Reload you also have easy access to all the latest, safe Vihtavuori are made using nitro-cellulose produced by linters at our own plant. Premium quality Vihtavuori Reloading Data as well as other Vihtavuori information. powders deliver consistently flawless firing performance – for you this means reliable reloading and ammunition you demand. This app is all you need to load your own ammo! Each stage of the production process is subject to stringent quality control by the Vihtavuori experts to ensure that each production lot has the exact ballistic performance required. Each and every batch produced is inspected by comparing them to selected reference batches.
    [Show full text]
  • Half-Cocked: the Regulatory Framework of Short-Barrel Firearms Introduction
    HALF‐COCKED: THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF SHORT‐BARREL FIREARMS INTRODUCTION ............................................................ 493 I. HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL FIREARMS ACT OF 1934 ........................................................................ 496 II. CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES TO THE NFA .... 501 A. The First Prong of the Ninth Circuit’s Second Amendment Scrutiny Test .............. 505 B. Second Prong of the Test for Second Amendment Scrutiny .................................... 508 1. Intermediate Scrutiny ............................. 509 2. Strict Scrutiny .......................................... 514 III. INFIRMITIES IN THE NFA REGULATORY REGIME 518 A. Auer Deference and the ATF’s Regulation of Vertical Fore‐Grips ................................... 520 B. Chevron Deference and the ATF’s Regulation of Vertical Fore‐Grips ............... 524 C. Further Complications from the ATF’s Fore‐Grip Regulation Regime ...................... 526 D. The Sig Sauer Brace Controversy ................ 528 IV. CONCLUSION ......................................................... 536 INTRODUCTION John Doe is a responsible citizen who desires to purchase his first firearm. After entering a federally‐licensed gun store, an AR‐ 15 catches John’s eye.1 This popular firearm, a semiautomatic ver‐ 1. This Note will focus on the AR‐15 as it is the easiest and most prominent ex‐ ample of a firearm having both rifle and pistol variants. Other firearms, including so‐called “assault weapons,” have pistol variants with varying degrees of inter‐ changeability. The AK‐47 style of rifle, which is typically converted from a saiga or other firearm, has pistol variants available such as the Arsenal, Inc., SAM‐7K Pistol or the Century Arms Zastava PAP M92. See Arsenal Inc SAM7k‐02 SAM‐7k Pistol 7.62x39mm 10.5in 30rd Black, TOMBSTONE TACTICAL, https://www.tombstonetactical.com/catalog/arsenal/sam7k‐02‐sam‐7k‐pistol‐ 7.62x39mm‐10.5in‐30rd‐black/ [https://perma.cc/385V‐43P7] (last visited Apr.
    [Show full text]
  • California Firearms Laws 2007 CALIFORNIA FIREARMS LAWS
    California Firearms Laws 2007 California Department of Justice Edmund G. Brown Jr. Attorney General http://www.ag.ca.gov/ California Firearms Laws 2007 CALIFORNIA FIREARMS LAWS TABLE OF CONTENTS ADDENDUM - SUMMARY OF NEW LAWS . .1 DEFINITIONS . 4 Firearms . .. .4 Handguns . .. .4 Exceptions . .4 1. PROHIBITED FIREARMS, AMMUNITION, AND RELATED DEVICES short-barreled shotgun . .5 short-barreled rifle . .5 camouflaging firearm container . 5 cane gun . .. .5 wallet gun . .5 undetectable firearm . .. 6 flechette dart . 6 zip gun . .. .6 unconventional pistol . .6 multiburst trigger activator . .6 bullet containing or carrying an explosive agent . 6 dirk or dagger . .. .6 nunchaku . .6 metal knuckle . .. .6 hard plastic knuckles . .6 ballistic knife . .7 shuriken . .. .7 belt buckle knife . .. 7 lipstick case knife . 7 cane sword . .. .7 shobi-zue . .7 leaded cane . .7 air gauge knife . .7 writing pen knife . .7 metal military practice hand grenade or metal replica hand grenade . ..7 large capacity magazine . 7 Exceptions . 7 Machineguns . 8 Assault Weapons . 8 Exceptions . 15 California Firearms Laws 2007 i Armor-Piercing Bullets . 17 Larger Caliber Weapons and Tracer Ammunition . 17 Firearm Silencers . 18 Sniperscopes . 18 Boobytraps . .. 18 Flamethrowers . .18 2. PERSONS INELIGIBLE TO POSSESS FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION Persons Convicted of Felonies or Other Specified Crimes . 19 Persons Convicted of Misdemeanor Violations of Specified Offenses . 20 Persons Prohibited From Possession, Purchase of Firearms As a Condition of Probation . ........22 Persons Subject to a Protective Order . 22 Persons Subject to a Temporary Restraining Order . 22 Persons Subject to Juvenile Court Law . 24 Mental Patients . 25 Justifiable Possession of a Firearm by Certain Prohibited Classes . 26 Personal Firearms Eligibility Check .
    [Show full text]