A DESCRIPTION OF MAIN CHARACTERS IN CHARLES DICKEN’S NOVEL OLIVER TWIST
A PROPOSAL
WRITTEN
BY
VIOLIN FLORENCY
REG. NO. 142202060
DIPLOMA – III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM
FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA
MEDAN
2017
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA It has been proved by
Supervisor,
Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum NIP. 19580517198503 1 003
Submitted to Faculty of Culture Study, University of North Sumatera in parial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English Study Program
Approved by :
Head of Diploma III English Study Program,
Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis M.Hum NIP. 19571002198601 2 003
Approved by the Diploma III English Study Program
Faculty of Culture Study, University of North Sumatera
As a paper for the Diploma (D-III) Examination
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the D-III Examination of the Diploma III English Study Program, Faculty of
Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara.
The examination is held on July 2017
Faculty of Culture Study, University of North Sumatera
Dean,
Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S
NIP. 19600805198703 1 001
Board of Examinors
No. Name Signature
1. Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum
2. Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I am Violin Florency, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Expect where reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no materials published else where or extrectedin whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for awarded another degree.
No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.
Signed :
Date : July, 2017
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
Name : VIOLIN FLORENCY
Title of Paper : A DESCRIPTION OF MAIN CHARACTERS IN
CHARLES DICKEN’S NOVEL OLIVER TWIST
Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya
Study Program : English
I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the librarian of the Diploma III English Study Program, Faculty of Culture
Studies, University of North Sumatera on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.
Signed :
Date : July, 2017
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK
Kertas karya ini berjudul “The Description of Main Characters in Charles Dickens Novel Oliver Twist”. Penulis tertarik dalam memilih judul ini karena karakter utama didalam novel ini digambarkan sebagai karakter yang kuat dan tangguh meskipun banyak melalui hal sulit. Antar karakter yang dihadirkan didalam novel ini memiliki keterkaitan yang kuat disebabkan juga oleh latar belakang kemiskinan dan kesenjangan social pada zaman revolusi Inggris tahun 1830-an. Menganalisa novel ini membuat kita tahu bagaimana kita harus bersyukur dengan kehidupan yang kita jalani pada masa sekarang ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu menjelaskan data dan jenis penelitian perpustakaan, yaitu dengan menggunakan buku-buku literatur. Dalam kertas karya ini penulis membaca dan menganalisis novel Oliver Twist, penulis membuat interpretasi dan kesimpulan tentang hal itu.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT
The paper is titled "The Description of Main Characters in Charles Dickens Novel Oliver Twist". The author is interested in choosing this title because the main character in the novel is described as a strong and tough character though many through difficult things. Between the characters presented in this novel has a strong linkage caused also by the background of poverty and social inequality in the era of the British revolution of the 1830s. Analyzing this novel makes us know how we should be grateful for the life we live in today. This research uses descriptive qualitative method, that is explaining data and type of library research, that is by using literature books. In this paper the authors read and analyze the novel Oliver Twist, the author makes interpretations and conclusions about it.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismillahirahmanirrahim,
First of all, I woukd like to thank and praise to Almighty God, Allah SWT for blessing and giving me health always, strength, and ease to accomplish this paper as one of the requirements to get Diploma III certificate from English Department
Faculty of Culture Science, University of North Sumatera.
Then, I would like to express a deep gratitude, love, and appreciation to :
Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S, as the Dean of Faculty of Sumatera Utara.
Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis M.Hum as the Head of English Diploma Study
Program , who has given me directions and attention in doing this paper.
Drs. Siamir Marulafau M.Humas my supervisor. Iam thankful for your valuable time in directing, teaching, and inspiring me to complete this paper.
All the lecturers in English Diploma. Thankyou for all knowledge and experience that you have given to me.
The greatest thanks are fully to both of my beloved parents, Arfiwim
Decroly and Hestinenny Hasdiyati. Thankyou for all your motivations, advice, prays, loves and continuously financial. Thank you to both of my brothers Alfabel
Bintang Radean, Devano Arfiken, my Ibu and Bapak H. Bakhtiar Ismail and
Hj. Yusdarni, my opa Januar, my atuk Sudirman Agus, my aunty and uncle
Indah Sabda, Diah Fariastika, Karentio, my sisters oky, dedek, cici who
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA always pray for me to support me everytime and your love too. And thanks to all of my family. Thanks for being kindness and I love you all, I will never forget whatever you do and every moments in me. Thanks to my second family in the while Adelina, Khairani Putri, Dini Ilma, and Ulfatun, for the time we fulfill together, and I love you.
Thanks to my “Expensive Chilli Group” full of shine since first semester until now Yana Novalin, Mita Anisya Hutasuhut, Naomi Simorangkir, Desy
Maya Sari, Dhearni Sipayung, Rara Maisura, Rani Situmorang and also for my beloved friends Yoan Utami Putri, and Putri Primadayani. With you all
Iam happy and being myself.
Thanks to my crazy and best friends I ever have Emelda Fitria, Atya
Nasmah, Widya Purnama, Novita Haryanti,and Nurhayani Prawitafor all of your support, attention, and love for me.
Thanks to all my dearest friends in English Diploma III 2014. Thanks for all the time we have filled together. I love you all and I will miss you all.
Finally, I do realize that this paper is still far from being perfect. Therefore
I welcome any constructive and suggestions toward this paper. Hopefully this paper can inspire and give knowledge for anyone in the future.
Medan, July 2017
VIOLIN FLORENCY
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION………………………………………… i COPYRIGHT DECLARATION……………………………………… ii ABSTRAK……………………………………………………………… iii ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………….. v TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………… vii 1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of The Study ………………………………………… 1 1.2 Problem of The Study …………………………………………….. 4 1.3 Scope of The Study ……………………………………………….. 4 1.4 Objective of the Study ……………………………………………. 4 1.5 Significance of the Study …………………………………………. 4 1.6 Reason for Choosing Topic……………………………………….. 5 1.7 Method of the Study ……………………………………………… 5 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Literature……………………………………………………...... 6 2.2 Novel…………………………………………………………….. 7 2.3 Character………………………………………………………… 10 2.3.1 Round Character………………………………………………. 12 2.3.2 Flat Character…………………………………………………. 13
3. THE DESCRIPTION…………………………………………… 15
4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 24
4.1 Conslusion………………………………………………………. 24 4.2 Suggestion………………………………………………………. 24
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………….. 25 APPENDICES…………………………………………………………. 26 SUMMARY…………………………………………………………… 33
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1.Background of the Study
Suharianto (1982:4) says “Literature is the disclosure of life and life combined with the imagination and creation of the author from the support of experience and observation of life”. The imagination and creation is usually produced from feelings, emotions, ideas, and motivations from the author to produce a work of literature that can be entertaining or fun and useful for literary connoisseurs. Fun means giving a positive pleasure that can enrich spiritual, while useful is able to make humans more wise to the face of life.
Robert and Jacobs (1995:2) “Generally, literature may be classified into four categories or genres: (1) prose fiction, (2) poetry, (3) drama, and (4) nonfiction prose. Prose fiction or narrative fiction includes novel”.
Novel according to Scholes (1984:17) “Novel is a story related to real or fictional events that imagined writer through his observations of reality”. In the novel, an author can pour the life of the character in terms of physical, spiritual, and psychological in accordance with the wishes of the author.
There are two ways to analyze a literature, it is intrinsic and extrinsic elements.The intrinsic elements play a more powerful role to building the story in the novel than extrinsic elements. Intrinsic element is character, plot, theme, setting, point of view and some others. In this paper the author only focusses to discuss about the character, as we know character is an important element in the storyline of novel. It usually focus on one or few major characters who undergo
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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA a change of attitude or character as they interact with other characters in deal with problem as a series of events that passed.
Roberts (1985:131) says “Character is about who though not real people are drawn from life. In fiction, a character may be defined as a verbal representation of a human being. Through action, speech, descritption, and commentary, authors portray characters who are worth caring about, rooting for, and even loving, although there are also characters you may laugh at, dislike, or even hate.” It means the character is something that exist in human self as an instinct that can arise naturally both in fiction or in real life.
There are two types of characters, It is round and flat character. A round character is a figure character that undergoes changes and emotional developments or the degree of social status in a story.In contrast to the flat character that did not change anything from start to finish story.In this study, the author is interested in the round character because it is very influential in determining the storyline, as a protagonist or antagonist. Protagonist is the main character in a story that usually has a good character and as the center of attention of readers and this character has more similarities with real life . The opposite of the protagonist is the antagonist. An antagonist is often a criminal or anything else that is a conflict with the protagonist. Antagonists are usually bad and bad and often make negative values.
This paper describe about the main characters in Charles Dicken’s Novel
Oliver Twist. . This novel tells the story of an orphan boy named Oliver Twist who lived in England in the 1830’s. Through this novel, Dickens electing the
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA theme of poverty, social class, and the violence that occurred during the industrial revolution in England. The figure of Oliver twist lived in the mid of deterioration moral because the financial condition. So that, an innocent child feel the torture and bitterness felt by meeting with people who are greedy and rude. He was left in an orphanage, he never know who his parents. In there, Oliver often get rough treatment from the people around him. The suffering he experience during in the shelters made him want to find for a decent a real life.
Charles Dicken had many entered the evil character in this novel, but he did not forget to bring a soft hearted characters like Mr.Brownlow, Mrs. Mylie,
Nancy, Rose Maylie, even Mr. Grimwig that good but often are negative thinking.
I wonder what will become the country described by Dickens without their figure.
And many more the main characters that will be discussed in this paper.
The authoris interesting to discuss about the characters in this novel because I could find out a strong meaning which will be described in the character of the story‘s oliver twist. This novel shows a strong literary element and interrelated. Which there is a strong relation between each character and it is supported with a complex problem in the story. This is a reason why the writer chooses this title : “The Description of The Main Character in Charles
Dicken’s Novel Oliver Twist”.
In this study the authors use descriptive qualitative research methods.
Which Bogdan and Taylor (1975) says "Qualitative methodology as a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of written or oral words of people and behavior that can be observed." As in the above quote can be
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA concluded that the qualitative method of research Focusing on issues as they were at the time of the study. It is said to be descriptive because it aims to obtain an objective exposure.
1.2 Problem of the Study
Based on the background, the problem of the study may be recognized as follows :How are the main charactersportrayed of Charles Dicken’s Novel
Oliver Twist?
1.3 Scope of the Study
There are many characters in a novel Oliver Twist. To limit the analysis, the writer only focusses of some main characters who portrayed in Charles
Dicken’s Novel Oliver Twist.
1.4 Objective of the Study
The objective of this study is just to describe the main characters portrayed in
Charles Dicken’s novel Oliver Twist.
1.5 Significance of the Study
Analyzing the character in the novel oliver twist is expected to provide benefits for many people to enrich the science of literature, especially in analyzing the novel by understanding of the characters and can increase the appreciation of the literary works.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.6 Reason for Choosing the Topic
The author is interesting to discuss about the characters in this novel because I could find out a strong meaning which will be described in the character of the story‘s oliver twist. This novel shows a strong literary element and interrelated. Which there is a strong relation between each character and it is supported with a complex problem in the story.
1.7 Method of the Study
In writing this paper, the writer applied descriptive qualitative research methods. The primary data source is Oliver Twist novel and the secondary data source are books from the library and some resources. For the purpose of writing, the writer applies a library research because all the data are collected from the text of the books in the form of quotation. The writer is collecting some data and information that needed from the many resources. And then, reading and comprehending, making some notes and making the conclusion from the data.
Then, the writer can analyze this novel by having understood the story of this novel.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2. REVIEW AND RELATED OF LITERATURE
2.1. Literature
Etimologically the terms derives from Latin literature/litteratura, although some definitions include spoken or sung texts. Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction, and whether it is poetry or prose; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama; and works are often chategorized according to historical periods, or according to their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations.
Eagleton (1983:1) says “There have been various attempts to be define literature. You can define it as “imaginative” writing in the sense of fiction writing which is not really true. But even the briefest reflection on what people commonly include under the heading of literature suggests that this will do.”
Chapman (1982:67) says, “ Literature is generally accepted as a written realization of language. It is preserved and passed on trought writing, and personal encounter with it is most often trought has been written. A community without a high degree of literacy depends on oral transmission; mention has been of the mnemonic value of rithme and other formal devices in early poetry. Literature like the other arts, can give us new ways of looking at the world and finding significance which the daily use of language in its more common place way be one of anxiety. Certainly the approach to English literature not to be one anxiety comparatively little of it brings real difficulty in the sense of applying its language to our familiar word.
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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.2. Novel
The words novel comes from Italian, Novella. Novel is a long narrative prose that describe fictional characters and event in the form of a sequential story.
A novel is a literary work has been appreciated by many people because it aims to entertains and teaches. The genre has historical roots both in the fields of medieval and early modern romance and in the tradition of the novel. The latter, an Italian word used to describe short stories, supplied the present generic English term in 18th century. The first significant European novelist is Miguel de
Carvantes, author of Don Quixote, the first part of which published in 1605.
Novel is story about life as what many people like it. Novel is a form of literary works are most popular in the world. This literary form the most outstanding, due to extensive communication resources in society. A good novel is a novel make an entertainment to read for the sake of chill out, giving an important preoccupation on its readers to solve them.
The word novel comes from the Italian, Novella, which means the new staff that small. The novel developed in the region from other forms of narrative nonfiction, such as letters, biografhies, and history. But with a shift in society and development time, the novel is not the desired imagination.
Stanton (1965:2) states that popular novel is more readable and more easily enjoyed because its merely delivers entertainment straight from the action of the story is a told as well as any minor problems.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Novel is also as genre of fiction, and fiction may be defined as the art or craft of contriving, through the written word, representation of human life that instruct or divert or both.
Sumardjo (1998:29) says that novel as a story with the prose form in long shape, this long shape means the story including the complex plot, many character and various setting.
Shaw (1972:189)says a novel is lengthy fictitous narrative prose portraying character and presenting an organized series of events and settings. “It means that long or short of a work often used as a distinguishing feature between short stories and novels. Short stories usually range between 1.500 to 15.000 words, while novel about 70.000 sometimes 40.000 words. Characters and action representative of the real life of fast or present times. Novel and short story tell all events or problem that occur in human life.
Peck & Martin (1984:102) insist that a lot of novels have young people as a main characters, for it is often the young men fell themselves to be most at odds with convectional standards. You will have made considerable progress in understanding the particular novel you are reading if you can see how it sets certain individuals against society of their family.
Rees (1973:106) says that novel is a fictitious prose narrative of considerable length in which characters and acton representative of real life are portrayed in a plot of more or less complexity.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Sudjiman (1998:53) says that a novel is prose and fiction which stunning figure and showing a series of events and the background are composed and he also says that the novelas a work of imaginative reveals aspects of deep humanity and presented it subtly. The novel is not only as a means of entertainment, but also as a form art that study research establishments – in terms of life and values good or bad (morally) in this life and direct on the readers about the sublime character.
A novel is totally, a comprehensiveness that is artistic. As a totally, the novel has passages elements, most related to one another in close and mutually dependent. The elements of a novel builder who then collectively form a totality that-in addition to the formal elements of language. There are many more kinds.
The division of the element in question is the intrinsic and extrinsic elements.
Intristic Elements are the elements that build the literary work itself.
Elements are what because the literary present as a work of Martial Arts. Intristic elements of a novel element (directly) participate and build the story. Extrinsic elements are the elements that are beyond the works of Martial Arts, but indirectly affect the building or system of the organism’s Martial Arts. Extrinsic elements of a novel must be still seen as a something important.
Wellek & Warren (1956). As an intrinsic element, the element also comprisses a number of extrinsic element. The element in question (Wallek &
Warren 1956:75-135) among others, is the state of individual subjectivity authors who have attitudes , beliefs, and outlook on life all affect the work that he wrote.
In short, elements of the authors biographies will also determine the pattern works
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA it produces. Extrinsic element next is psychology, psychology of the author either in the form (which includes the process of creativity) psychology readers, as well as the application of psychological principles in the works. The division of the intrinstic elements of the structure works belonging traditional Martial Arts is the division based on the form and content elements-a dichotomous division of real people with little objection received.
Novel is a narrative text informing of prose with a long shape that including some figures and fiction event.
2.3. Character
The character is a way of thinking and behaving each individual to live and work, both within the family, communit, nation, and state. Which each an character able to make decision and ready to account any consequences of decision he made.
Saunders (1985:126) says “clarified that the characters are real and distinct traits exhibited by individuals, a number of attributes that can be observed in individuals.
A character or fictional characters is a person of narrative work of arts, such as novel, drama, television series, or film. In literature, characters guide readers through their stories, helping them to understand plots and theme. The types of character in the novel is flat characters and round characters. A characters
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA has strategic position to delivers the message, moral, or something that would be given to the reader.
Abraham (1981:20) says, “Character is the person who is performed in a narrative prose or drama, and it is interpreted by the readers which has quality of moral and the certain tendency such as expression in conversation and what he done in action. “It means that a character with the personal quality is related to the reader interprets the character by seeing his action and conversation.
Dorland (1968:126) says character is the real and different nature shown by individual, a number of attributes that can be observed by the individual.
Gulo (1982:29) says notes the character is a personality in terms of ethical or moral standpoint, for example a person’s honesty, usually having to do with the properties that are relatively fixed.
Karl (1976:238) says that the characterkis of interest for the personal reason that we want to see how other people live, how they make a decision and react to responsibility, how they pursue their goal. We measure ourselves by them.
Think of characters in stories and novels as real people, and then your imagination go.” It means characters in novel can give affect the reader and give positive or negative impacts.
Furqonul (1987:51) says that the characters in a good novel are interesting, intriguing, consistent, convincing, complex and realistic. If the author has created a particularly vivid or individualistic characters, then we, as readers, will find that
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA the character interesting regardless of whether or not we symphatize with him or her. It means that the characters is one part which very important in a story.
Character make the story become real and interesting.
Foster says, there are two basic types of characters “round character” and “flat character”
1. Round Characteris that they recognized, change with, or adjust to
circumstances. The round characters are usually the main figure in a story,
profit from experience and undergoes a change or alternation, which may be
shown in an action or actions, the realization of new strength and therefore
the affirmation of previous decision, the acceptance of a new condition, or the
discovery of unrecognized truths. Round characters is a major character in a
fiction of work who encounters conflict and is changed by it. Round characters
tend to be more fully developed and described than flat, or static, characters. If
you think of the characters you most love in fiction, they probably seem as
real to you as people you know in real life. This is a good sign that they are
round characters. A writer employs a number of tools or elements to develop
of character, making him or her round, including description and dialogue. A
character’s responses to conflict and his or her internal dialogue are also
revelatory.
The round character usually plays a major role in a story. Round
characters are often called the hero or the heroine. Many main characters are
anything about her heroic and however it is preferable to use the more neutral
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA word protagonist. The protagonist is the central of the action, moves against
an antagonist, and exhibits ability to adapt to new circumstances.
2. Flat Characters, in contrast, do not grow. They remain the same because they
may be stupid or insensitive or lacking in knowledge or insight. They end
where they begin and are static, not dynamic. But the flat characters are not
therefore worthless, for they usually highlight the development of the round
characters. Sometimes, the flat characters are prominent in certain types of
literature, such as cowboy, police, detective stories, where the focus is less on
character than the performance. They must be strong, tough, and clever
enough to perform recurring tasks like solving a crime, overcoming a villain,
or finding a treasure. The term stock character refers to characters in these
repeating situations.
Flat characters is a minor character in a fiction of work who does not
undergo substantial change or growth in the course of a story. Also referred to
as “two dimensional characters” or “static characters,” flat characters play a
supporting role to the main character, who has a rule should be round. To the
degree that the stocks characters have many common traits =, they are
representative of their class, or group.
Characterizing / characterizing the main actor is the depiction of the
character / personality of the main actor. Lutters (2006: 81) divides the
characters / roles by their nature in the following three ways.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1. Protagonist
The role of the protagonist is the role that must represent the positive things in the needs of the story. This role usually tends to be a figure that is hurt, good, and suffering so it will cause sympathy for the audience. The role of the protagonist is usually a central figure, the figure that determines the motion of the scene.
2. Antagonist
The role of the antagonist is the opposite of the role of the protagonist.
This role is a role that must represent negative things in the needs of the story.
This role usually tends to be a figure that hurt the protagonist. He is an evil character that will generate hatred or antipasti audience.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3. DESCRIPTION
There are many aspects in a novel. Character is the one of important aspects in a novel. Abrams (1981:14) defines that the character is an actor or actrees who has role in a story or presented in dramatic or narrative work, who is interpreted by the readers as being endowed with moral and dispositional qualities that are expressed in what they say (dialogue) and what they do (action). As the first step, the writer will describe the main character in a novel Oliver Twist.
Oliver has a big role in developing the story. And supported by other main characters.
In this story I found some characters that are described as protagonist or antagonist character :
3.1. Protagonist
Protagonist is the central character of the story that has good behavior. in the novel oliver twist we can find and describe the protagonist character. The writer chooses the main characters Oliver Twist, Mr. Brownlow, Mrs. Maylie,
Rose Maylie, Mr. Losberne, and Nancy.
3.1.1. Oliver Twist.
Oliver is young, honest, plain, good hearted and good behavior. But often mistreated-orphan who is raised in workhouse, and finds himself indentured to an undertaker, living with thieves, and eventually taken in by the kind Mr. Brownlow
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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA and Mrs. Maylie. His generosity of spirit is total, and even when faced with serious maltreatment, he never loses his sense of morality or kindness.
He is an honest boy, but he was accused of stealing when he did not do it :
“It wasn’t me indeed, sir. Indeed, Indeed, it was two other boys” said Oliver, clasping his hands passionately, and looking round: “they are somewhere”
Oliver is good behavior. Oliver was told to return the book and pay the money to the bookseller, oliver did it, and he did’nt cheat mr.brownlow.
“Yes, do let me take them, if you please sir” said Oliver. “Ill run all the way. I won’t be ten minutes sir” said Oliver eagerly. Having buttoned up the bank-note ib his jacket pocket and placed the books carefully under his arm, he made respectful bow, and left the room.”
Oliver was told to steal in a house, but he didn’t want and pray for God that he better die than robbing . He is so kind boy.
“Oh! For God’s sake let me go! Cried Oliver “let me run away and die in the fields. I will never come near London; never, never! Oh! Pray have mercy on me, and do not make me steal. For the love of all the bright Angels that rest in Heaven, have mercy upon me!”
Oliver comes to see the fagin in the cell even though oliver often gets persecution and is taught to steal by fagin, but Oliver is still being nice.
“Yes, yes,” returned Oliver. “let me say a prayer. Do! Let me say one prayer. Say only one, upon your knees, with me, and we will talk till morning”
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.1.2. Mr. Brownlow.
Mr. Brownlow is a very respectable-looking elderly gentleman. He takes a liking to Oliver even after suspecting him of stealing his handkerchief, and takes him in, doing everything he can to help him.
“Poor boy! Poor boy!” said Mr. Brownlow, brending over him. “call a coach, somebody, pray, Directly! Mr. Brownlow saw his young charge carefully and comfortably deposited; and here, he was tended with a kindness and solicitude that knew no bounds.
He love Oliver very much and very trusting too:
“my dear child”said the old gentleman, moved by the warmth of Oliver’s sudden apeeal; “you need not be afraid of my deserting you, unless you give me cause” “I hope not” rejoined tho old gentleman. “I don’t think you ever will. I have been deceived, before, the objects whom I have endeavoured to benefit; but I feel strongly disposed to trust you , nevertheless; and I am more interested in your behalf than I can well account for, even to myself.”
3.1.3. Mrs. Maylie
Mrs. Maylie is an older lady who despite her age is very dignified and stately. She is the owner of the mansion that sikes and crackit attempt to rob, the adopted aunt of Rose Maylie. In her kindness, she takes Oliver in.
Mrs. Maylie was asked by Rose to not punish Oliver for trying to steal;
“My dear love,” said the elder lady. As she folded the weeping girl to her bosom, “do you think I would harm a hair of his head?
“Oh no!” replied Rose, eagerly.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA “No, surely”said the old lady; my days are drawing to their close: and may mercy be shown to me as I show it to others! What can I do to save him, sir?”
3.1.4. Rose Maylie
Rose is Mrs. Maylie’s niece, a beautiful seventeen year old woman, who is both intelligent and perfectly kind. Rose is the sweetest, loveliest, and self- sacrificing.
Rose pleading to mrs. Maylie not to punish Oliver twist for trying to steal a mansion in their mansion, the rose pityed the child and felt the pain’s Oliver;
“but can you—oh!can you really believe that this delicate boy has been the voluntary associate of the worst outcasts of society?” said Rose “think how young he is; think that he may never have known as mother’s love, or the comfort of a home, or the comfort of a home; that ill-usage and blows, or the want to bread, may have driven him to herd with men who have forced him to guilt. Aunt, dear Aunt, for mercy’s sake, think of this, before you let drag this sick child to a prison, wich in any case must be the grave of all his chances of amandement. Oh! As you love me, and kknow that I have never felt the parents in your goodness and affection, but that I might have been equally helpless and unprotected with this poor child, have pity uponhim before it is so late!
3.1.5 Mr. Losberne
Mr. Losberne is the doctor who tends to Oliver after the shooting, an eccentric, kind, hearty and fat gentleman, who often acts without forethought, but is universally liked.
He agrees to help the ladies try to protect Oliver.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA “ I think if you give me a full and unlimited commission to bully giles and that a little boy, Brittles, I can manage it. Giles is faithful fellow and an old servant, I know; but you can make it up to him in thousand ways, and reward him for being such a good shot besides. You don’t object that?”
“Unless there is some other way of preserving the child” replied Mrs. Maylie.
“There is no other,” said the doctor. “No other, take my word for it.”
3.1.6 Nancy
Nancy is a young woman and prostitute raised into that profession by
Fagin. Nancy eventually betrays Fagin and Sikes to save Oliver, but she will not leave them, and pays her life for this decision.
Nancy feels sorry for Oliver, she does not want to have the same fate as herself being a stuffed toy by Fagin and Sikes but she can’t do It.;
“If there's anything else I can do to help you with it, but I can not do anything about it”
He protects Oliver from the attack of his bull's eye dog;
“Keep back the dog Bill!” cried Nancy, springing before the door, and closing it, as the Jew and his two pupils darted out in persuit. “Keep back the Dog! He’ll tear the boy to pieces.”
3.2. Antagonist Characters
The antagonist is the characters that represents the opposition against which the protagonist must contend. In other words, the antagonist is an obstacle that the protagonist must overcome. The writer chooses Fagin, Bill Sikes, Dodger
Artful as the Antagonist Character.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.2.1. Fagin
Fagin is a very oldman, with a villainous-looking and repulsive face, Fagin as the leader of a gang of boy thieves, and a very greedy and vicious man. It is
Fagin who tries to turn Oliver into a thief, and who bertrays Nancy to Sikes, leading to her death.
Fagin used the children to be a thief for him;
“Aha!” said the Jew. Shrugging up his shoulders, and distorting every
feature with a hideous grin. “Clever dogs! Clever dogs! Staunch to the
last!never told the old parson where they were. Never poached upon old
Fagin! And why should they? It wouldn’t have loosened the knot, or kept
the drop up, a minute longer. No, no, no! fine fellows! Fine fellows!”
He's a rough man:
He closed the lid of the box with a lot of cras; and laying his hand on a knife which was on the table, started furiously up. He trembled very much though; for even in his terror, Oliver could see that the knife quivered in the air.
“What is that?” said the Jew. “ What do you watch me for? Why are you awake what have you seen? Speak up boy! Quick—quick! For your life.”
Fagin incited sikes to kill nancy because nancy has betrayed them;
“Do you hear me?” cried the Jew, his eyes flashing with rage. “Suppose he did all this, what then?”
“What then!” replied Sikes; with a tremendous oath. “If he was left alive till I came, I’d grind his skull under the iron heel of my boot into as many grains as there are hairs upon his head.” “What if I
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA did it!” cried Fagin almost in a yell. “ I, that knows so much, and could hang so many besides myself!
3.2.2. Bill Sikes
A stoutly-built man in his thirties. Bill is a vicious housebreaker and thief who often works with Fagin, and is involved with Nancy. He often mistreats, and eventually kills her.
He told Oliver to come in and steal a house and threaten him if Oliver would not do that. He is a rude man;
“Hush!” cried the man, “it won’t answer here. Say another word, and I’ll do your business myself with a crack on the head. That makes no noise, and is quite as certain, and more genteel.”
He does not allow nancy to go out of the house;
“Cut my limbs off one by one!’ cried Sikes, seizing her roughly by the arm, if I don’t think the gal’s stark raving mad. Get up.” Sikes looked on, for a minute, watching is opportunity, and suddenly pinioning her hands dragged ger, struggling And wrestling with him by the way, into a small room adjoining, where he sat himself on bench, and thrusting her into a chair, held her down by force.she struggled and implored by turns until twelve oclock had struck, and then wearied and exhausted, ceased to contest the point any further. With a caution, backed by many oaths, to make no more efforts to go out that night, sikes left her to recover at leisure and rejoined Fagin.”
Bill Sikes kill nancy;
“Let it be,’ said Sikes, thrusting his hand before her. “ That’s
enough light for wot I’ve got to do.’ The robber sat regarding her,
for a few second, with dilated nostrils and heaving breast; and
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA then, grasping her by the head and throat, dragged her into the
middle of the room, and looking once towards the door, placed his
heavy hand upon her mouth”
3.2.3 Dodger Artful
Dodger is common looking enough but with the airs and manners of a man, although he is about Oliver’s age. He is Fagin best pickpocket, and it is he who finds Oliver and leads him to London and to Fagin’s place.
Dodger taught Oliver how to steal:
“What’s the matter?’ demanded Oliver.
‘Hush!” replied the dodger. “Do you see that old cove at the book- stall?”
“ The old gentleman over the way?” said Oliver. “Yes, I see him”
“ He will do,” said the Dodger. “A prime plant”
Dodger spies on nancy and tells the secret of nancy to the fagin;
“I can see her face well” whispered Noah. “ She is looking down, and the candle is behind her.
“Stay there,” whispered Fagin.
He signed to Barney, who withdrew. In an Instant, the lad entered the room adjoining and under pretence of snuffing the candle , moved it in the required position, and speaking to the girl, cause her to raise her face.
“I see her now!” cried the spy.
“Plainly?
“I should know her among a thousand”
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
4.1.Conclusion
Having read and analyzed the novel from the beginning up to this end, I come to conclude that this novel showed many evil and cruel characters resulting from the harsh and difficult life of the British revolution of the 1830s. But the main character Oliver twist remains a good boy no matter how hard life he lives, thanks to the support and touch of the soft people around him like Mr. Brownlow,
Mrs. Maylie, and Rose Maylie.
Oliver finally felt a worthy life after the many sufferings he had suffered and the bad guys who had been persecuting him finally got a vengeance.
4.2. Suggestion
It is very interested and usefull to analyze the main characters portrayed in
Charles Dicken’s novel Oliver Twist. In this paper tries to give some suggestion as follows :
1. To analyze the main characters who portrayed in this novel is expected to
provide learning for all of us in understanding and grateful for life because life
is actually difficult it depends on how we deal with it.
2. This graduating paper can be a reference for those people who want to do
further research of main characters portrayed in other novel and significance
to continued it.
3. Lastly, the writer fully realizes that this study is still far from being perfect;
therefore any constructive criticism will be highly appreciated.
23
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BIBLIOGRAPHY
Burhan, Nurgiyantoro. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi Karya. Yogyakkarta : Gadjah
Mada University Press.
Dickens, Charles. 2000. Oliver Twist. London : Wordsworth Editions
Dickens, Charles. 2000.Oliver Twist. Yogyakarta : Bentang Pustaka
E.M. Fosters.1927. Aspects of the Novel. New York : Marinor Books Publisher
Peck, John, Martin. 1984. Literary Terms and Criticism. London : Macmillan
Education Ltd.
Rees. 1973. English Literature. London : Macmillan.
Robert, Edgar and Jacob, Henry. Literature. New Jersey : Prentice Hall.
Semi, Atar. 1993. Metode Penelitian Sastra. Bandung : Angkasa.
Stanton, Robert. 1965. An Introduction to Fiction. New York : Holt, Rinehort, and
Wisher Publisher.
Suhariyanto,S. 1982. Dasar-Dasar Teori Sastra. Surakarta : Widyaduta.
Taylor, Richard. 1981. Understanding the Elements of Literature. London : The
Macmillan Pres Ltd.
William Kenney. 1933. How to Analyze Fiction. New York : Monarch Press.
Wellek, Werren.1976. Teory of Literature. Britain: Penguin Books.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA APPENDICES
BIOGRAPHY OF CHARLES DICKEN
Charles Dickens was born February 7, 1812, in Portsea, on the south coast of England, while his father was stationed nearby at Portsmouth. Although the Dickens family was from the lower middle class, it tried to maintain an air of respectability. The father, John Dickens, was a clerk in the navy pay office. He was a man of some ability and he did advance in the service, but his tastes for living beyond his means eventually led to disaster.
In 1814, John Dickens was transferred to London for a tour of duty of unknown duration. By 1817, the family was established in Chatham, near the naval dockyard, marking the beginning of the happy years of Charles's childhood. His recollections of early life were centered in Kent. Later in his life, he spoke of himself as coming from that region. One of Charles's fancies was to own Gad's Hill Place, a stately old dwelling near Rochester.
When Dickens was forty-four years old, he was able to afford to purchase the property; it became his permanent residence for the rest of his life.
Young Charles received his first schooling at home from his mother. He later attended regular schools in Chatham. He soon began reading his father's small collection of literary classics. The youngster also revealed early signs of genius, which John Dickens delighted in showing off. Having his father's approval encouraged Charles to work at his studies.
The pleasant times came to an end in 1822, when John Dickens was ordered back to London. The elder Dickens's fondness for luxuries beyond his means had caught up with him. He was in debt beyond the point where his creditors would
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA cut him slack. Mrs. Dickens tried to help by starting up a school, but this only drew the family deeper into debt.
To lessen the strain, Charles, then twelve years old, was put to work in a shoe- polish factory at low wages. Two weeks later,, his father was sent to a debtors' prison, where Mrs. Dickens and their four smallest children joined him. During that difficult time, young Charles had only irregular relations with his family.
The next four or five months were a painful ordeal. In addition to degrading labor, Charles endured the indignities of insufficient food, shabby quarters, and the association of rough companions. It was a humiliating trial that left an indelible impression on the proud and sensitive boy. In later years, he never spoke of this episode, except in the pages of David Copperfield. It is likely that this introduction to poverty was instrumental in shaping his life. Dickens became distinguished by furious energy, determination to succeed, and an inflexible will.
After John Dickens had been in prison for about three months, his aged mother died. The inheritance he received was large enough to pay his more pressing debts and allow his release from debtor's prison. An additional result of this inheritance was that Charles was taken out of his job at the shoe-polish factory a few weeks later and sent back to school. He spent the next two and a half years in an academy, completing all of the formal education he was ever going to get.
In the spring of 1827, Charles Dickens, then a youth of fifteen, entered a lawyer's office. While applying himself to the law, he managed in his free time to master shorthand. About a year and a half later, the energetic young man felt ready to try a more promising occupation. He became a freelance court reporter, and for the next three years, the future novelist was brought into close contact with grim realities of life as it was played out in the courts. His work was seasonal and irregular, giving him time to read in the British Museum.
In March 1832, Dickens became a journalist. After serving on two newspapers and gaining experience as a parliamentary reporter, in 1834 he joined the staff of the prominent Morning Chronicle, where he got d the reputation for being one of the fastest and most accurate reporters in London. In addition to his metropolitan activities, his assignments took him all over England, mainly to cover political events. With this exposure to the prevailing realities of political life, in Parliament and around the nation, Dickens's apprenticeship was receiving its finishing touches.
In the meantime, drawing upon the abundance of material he'd seen in twenty-one years, Dickens had begun to compose sketches of London life. The first of these was published unsigned in the Monthly Magazine of December 1833. In August 1834, the signature "Boz" made its first appearance, and Dickens's anonymity gradually evaporated.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The energetic Dickens produced numerous sketches while continuing his newspaper career. The records of the reporter's keen observations that were preserved in the vivid pieces later found their way into a number of celebrated novels. Finally, on the author's twenty-fourth birthday, February 7, 1836, Sketches by Boz, Illustrative of Everyday Life and Everyday People was published in book form. A second series came out later, and the complete edition was issued in 1839.
The following month saw an even more significant literary event: the first number of The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club was offered to the public. Instead of being first serialized or released in its entirety, the work came out in individual numbers that were sold separately from March 1836 to November 1837. Only 400 copies were printed of the first installment, and the initial reception was inauspicious. But later sales rose spectacularly and printings reached 40,000.
The success of the Sketches by Boz had sharpened Dickens's confidence in the future and sufficiently improved his income to allow him to consider marriage. On April 2, 1836, two days after the first of the Pickwick Papers went on sale, Dickens and Catherine Hogarth were married. The bride was the oldest daughter of George Hogarth, the editor of the Evening Chronicle, an affiliate of the newspaper for which Dickens wrote. The couple had ten children, but after twenty-two years the marriage ended in dissension and separation.
When the success of the Pickwick Papers was assured, the star reporter resigned from the Morning Chronicle, but within a few months he became editor of a new periodical, Bentley's Miscellany. The February 1837 issue began the serialization of Oliver Twist, or, the Parish Boy's Progress by Boz, even though the busy editor was still at work on the Pickwick Papers. Before Oliver Twist had all appeared, several numbers of Dickens's next novel, Nicholas Nickleby (1838-39), had been printed. Oliver Twist was completed in September 1838 and was issued in book form before the end of the year, although serial publication ran until March 1839.
Dickens gave up the editorship of Bentley's Miscellany after two years, but his astounding literary productivity went on with few intermissions until the day of his death. His many books followed one another at regular intervals: The Old Curiosity Shop (1840-41), Barnaby Rudge (1841), American Notes (1842), Martin Chuzzlewit (1843-44), Dombey and Son (1846-48), David Copperfield (1849- 50), Bleak House (1852-53), Hard Times (1854), Little Dorrit (1855-57), A Tale of Two Cities (1859), Great Expectations (1860-61), Our Mutual Friend (1864- 65), and The Mystery of Edwin Drood (1870 — unfinished).
Besides his output of books, Dickens's other literary pursuits were impressive. Among his best-known short stories are A Christmas Carol and The Cricket on the Hearth. He wrote miscellaneous sketches, travel accounts, articles, and dramatic pieces. In 1850, he assumed the editorship of Household Words, and from 1859 until the end of his life, he edited the successor of that periodical, All the Year Round.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Dickens's non-literary activity alone would have taxed the stamina of an ordinary person. He had a boundless zest for life; everything that he did was undertaken with energy and speed. He enjoyed an active social life and was a prolific letter writer. Many relatives and his own numerous family commanded much of his attention — and material assistance. Some of his time was taken by his interest in organized charity. His travels took him to the continent and twice to America. There were several changes of residence, including sojourns in Italy, Switzerland, and France. In spite of all this, Dickens managed to keep up a strenuous exercise program, including horseback riding and brisk walks of up to twelve or fourteen miles.
While still a child, Dickens developed an enduring attachment for the theater. At one time in his youth, Dickens made an attempt to become a professional actor. As an adult, he delighted in arranging amateur performances, at various times writing plays, managing productions, or acting.
His dramatic interests later found expression in the famous readings from his own works. These started with a benefit in 1853, and professional appearances began in 1858. Dickens's second trip to America in 1867-68 was a reading tour that proved to be highly profitable. He threw himself into the oral interpretation of his works, sparing neither himself nor his audiences. After presenting the murder of Nancy from Oliver Twist, Dickens commonly had to leave the stage for a rest before proceeding. The swooning of females in the audience was a regular feature of these occasions.
Beginning with his early successes, Dickens's literary career was an unbroken triumphal procession. His popularity grew enormously and everywhere he came to be regarded with almost reverence. His cosmopolitan reading public grew to epic numbers , and every addition to his writing was awaited with wild expectation. Dickens was universally beloved as probably no other living writer has ever been.
On June 8, 1870, Charles Dickens, working on the manuscript of his last book, The Mystery of Edwin Drood, wrote longer than was his usual practice. At dinner time he collapsed and sank into a coma; he died in the evening of the following day. The news of Dickens's death was carried on a shock wave of grief to remote regions of the earth. As his body was interred in Westminster Abbey, the whole world mourned.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA SUMMARY
Oliver is an orphan boy who lived in England in the 1830’s. His mom dead right after giving birth to him, and he is sent to the parochial orphanage, where he and the other orphans are treated terribly and fed very little. When he turns nine, he is sent to the workhouse, where again he and the others are treated badly and practically starved. The other boys, unable to stand their hunger any longer, decide to draw straws to choose who will have to go up and ask for more food.
Oliver loses. On the appointed day, after finishing his first serving of gruel, he goes up and asks for more. Mr. Bumble, the beadle, and the board are outraged, and decide they must get rid of Oliver, apprenticing him to the parochial undertaker, Mr. Sowerberry. It is not great there either, and after an attack on his mother’s memory, Oliver runs away.Oliver walks towards London. When he is close, he is so weak he can barely continue, and he meets another boy named Jack
Dawkins, or the artful Dodger. The Dodger tells Oliver he can come with him to a place where a gentleman will give him a place to sleep and food, for no rent.
Oliver follows, and the Dodger takes him to an apartment in London where he meets Fagin, the aforementioned gentleman, and Oliver is offered a place to stay.
Oliver eventually learns that Fagin’s boys are all pickpockets and thieves, but not until he is wrongfully accused of their crime of stealing an old gentleman’s handkerchief. He is arrested, but the bookseller comes just in time to the court and says that he saw that Oliver did not do it. The gentleman whose handkerchief was taken, Mr. Brownlow, feels bad for Oliver, and takes him in.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Oliver is very happy with Mr. Brownlow, but Fagin and his co- conspirators are not happy to have lost Oliver, who may give away their hiding place. So one day, when Mr. Brownlow entrusts Oliver to return some books to the bookseller for him, Nancy spots Oliver, and kidnaps him, taking him back to
Fagin.Oliver is forced to go on a house-breaking excursion with the intimidating
Bill Sikes. At gun point Oliver enters the house, with the plan to wake those within, but before he can, he is shot by one of the servants. Sikes and his partner escape, leaving Oliver in a ditch. The next morning Oliver makes it back to the house, where the kind owner, Mrs. Maylie, and her beautiful niece Rose, decide to protect him from the police and nurse him back to health.
Oliver slowly recovers, and is extremely happy and grateful to be with such kind and generous people, who in turn are ecstatic to find that Oliver is such a good- natured boy. When he is well enough, they take him to see Mr. Brownlow,but they find his house empty—he has moved to the West Indies. Meanwhile, Fagin and his mysterious partner Monks have not given up on finding Oliver, and one day Oliver wakens from a nightmare to find them staring at him through his window. He raises the alarm, but they escape.Nancy, overhearing Fagin and
Monks, decides that she must go to Rose Maylie to tell her what she knows. She does so, telling Rose that Monks is Oliver’s half-brother, who has been trying to destroy Oliver so that he can keep his whole inheritance, but that she will not betray Fagin or Sikes. Rose tells Mr. Brownlow, who tells Oliver’s other caretakers, and they decide that they must meet Nancy again to find out how to find Monks.They meet her on London Bridge at a prearranged time, but Fagin has
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA become suspicious, and has sent his new boy, Noah Claypole, to spy on Nancy.
Nancy tells Rose and Mr. Brownlow how to find Monks, but still refuses to betray
Fagin and Sikes, or to go with them. Noah reports everything to Fagin, who tells
Sikes, knowing full well that Sikes will kill Nancy. He does. Mr. Brownlow has in the mean time found Monks, who finally admits everything that he has done, and the true case of Oliver’s birth.Sikes is on the run, but all of London is in an uproar, and he eventually hangs himself accidentally in falling off a roof, while trying to escape from the mob surrounding him. Fagin is arrested and tried, and, after a visit from Oliver, is executed. Oliver, Mr. Brownlow, and the Maylies end up living in peace and comfort in a small village in the English countryside.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA