bindex.qxd 2/28/05 2:45 PM Page 297

Index

AAC (Advanced Audio Codec), 88 artist rights, 5, 108–109, 112–114, 147–149, Abbott, Tony, 185–186, 187, 188, 191 207–208, 212, 232, 262 ABC, 164 ASCAP, 249 Academy of Motion Picture Arts and AT&T Labs, 53–54 Sciences, 60 Atari, 251 Adams, Richard, 123 Atlantic Records, 72 Adams, Scott, 83 ATRAC format, 124 Adams, Thomas, 97–98 Attaway, Fritz, 74, 233 Adler, Warren, 104, 107, 108 Au,Wagner James, 244–245 Adobe Systems, 143–144, 246 Audio Home Recording Act, 187 adult entertainment, 93, 157–160 avatars, 243, 244–245, 249 advertising, 83, 176, 177 Aerosmith, 204, 210 BabyCenter (Web site), 82 Aho, Bill, 104 BadBlue, 223 Aimster, 171 Baez, Joan, 190 Akimbo, 161 Balogh, Stephen, 26, 30, 116 Alaska Airlines, 91 Barlow, John Perry, 39–40, 42 Albini, Steve, 194 BayTSP, 222 Allbritton, Christopher, 81 BBC, 83, 164, 180–181 Alliance for Digital Progress, 261 BearShare, 221, 223 AllYourTV.com, 120 Beatles, 211 Alperovich, Adrian, 61–62, 115 Beato, Greg, 12 Alsop, Stewart, 170, 174, 182, 197–198 Bender, Walter, 80 Altman, Robert, 104 beneaththecobweb, 52–58 Amazon.com, 82, 133, 202 Ben Folds Five, 195 American Library Association, 234, 261 Benkler, Yochai, 38 America Online (AOL), 45, 201, 222–223, Bennett, Vicki, 148 228 Berkman Center for Internet & Society, 38 Anderson, Chris, 3 Berman, Joe, 188 Anderson, PameCOPYRIGHTEDla, 159 BestBuy, MATERIAL 206 Anderson, Ross, 238 Betamax, 8, 10, 165 Anti-DMCA.org, 261 Betamax case, 110, 144, 177 APIC Worldwide, 159 Beth, Cora (violinist), 148 Apple, 26–27, 43, 69–70, 84, 88, 119, 189, BigChampagne, 49 197–198, 202, 209, 213, 218, 239 big media, 2, 4, 11, 12, 265–266 Apprentice, The (TV show), 234 convergence, 27–28, 236 Archos, 26, 117 copy protection, 116-118, 123-125, 144, Armstrong, Edwin, 110 228, 235-236. See also copyright Artemis Records, 72 Edge TV concerns, 173–184 artistic license, 21, 109 industry consolidation, 26, 30 artist-on-demand services, 201–202 open media and, 260

297 bindex.qxd 2/28/05 2:45 PM Page 298

298 ❘ INDEX

big media (continued) sales of, 96, 196, 198, 209 personal broadcasting and, 154, 155–157 celestial media jukebox, 5, 21, 42, 43, 44, personal media vs., 13–14, 19–21, 71–79 173 public policy and, 29–32 music and, 198, 199, 206, 218 trusted computing and, 237 cellphones, 12, 27 See also Hollywood; music; recording censorship, 108–109, 224–227 industry Center for Democracy and Technology, 40, BitTorrent, 45–46, 223 261 Bjork, 210 Center for Digital Storytelling, 67–69, 85 Blair Witch Project, The (film), 84, 96 Center for Internet and Society, 35 Bleszinski, Cliff, 252 Centropy, 56, 57 blogs, 3, 80–82, 95, 153 certification, 116 Blubster, 223, 224, 232 Chernin, Peter, 29, 32 BMG Music, 72, 200, 204 Cherry Lane Digital, 205 Books, Rodney, 182 Chervokas, Jason, 171 borrowing, 15–16, 19, 20, 21, 36 China Airlines, 60 Bowie, David, 207, 210 Christian Copyright Licensing Interna- Bowman, Shayne, 78 tional, 131 Boyle, James, 261 Christian Music Trade Association, 194 Braxton, Toni, 194 Cinea, 117–118 British Sky Broadcasting, 180 CinemaNow, 99 broadband, 160, 162, 165, 171, 181, 184, Circuit City, 90, 118 259–260 Clark, Gene, 190 broadcast flag, 59, 176, 180, 215, 233–235 Clarke, Ian, 224–228, 229, 230 broadcast networks, 155–156, 175 Clarke, Richard A., 145 Brown, Glenn Otis, 147 Clayman, Gregory L., 157–160 Brown, John Seely, 266 Clayton, David, 101–102, 105, 106, 107, Brown, Sheldon, 16–17, 20 108, 109 Bull, Michael, 198 Clean Flicks, 105 Burger, James M., 24, 123, 180, 194–195 clearing rights, 69, 248 Bush, George W., 81, 112, 137, 141, 233 ClearPlay, 102, 104, 105 BuyMusic.com, 202 Clinton, Bill, 139 cloaking devices, 223 cable television, 112, 120, 155–156, 160, CNN, 49, 156 161, 164, 165, 170, 173, 174, 177, 208 codecs, 88–94 Cablevision, 120 Codename: Gatling (mod), 251 Cahn, Sammy, 207 Cohen, Bram, 223 Caltech, 32, 60 Cohen, Lyor, 206 Cam Jam technology, 117–118 collaborative filtering systems, 173, 176, Campaign Desk (blog), 81 188 Campaign for Digital Rights, 261 Collins, Judy, 190 Canter, Marc, 13 Columbia Pictures, 165 Capitol Records, 188, 200 Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment, Carpenter, Karen and Richard, 113 61, 73, 176 CBS, 81, 83, 164 Comcast, 177 CD-DVD hybrids, 219 Command and Conquer Generals (game), CDs, 96–97, 188, 193, 206, 213 251 burning of, 144, 190, 199 commentaries, do-it-yourself, 76, 78 demise of, 219 Committee for Economic Development, digital music vs., 187, 188, 202 80, 262 encrypted, 140, 213, 215 community publishing projects, 80 bindex.qxd 2/28/05 2:45 PM Page 299

INDEX ❘ 299

compression technology, 87–97, 156, 165 online games and, 248–249 compulsory (statutory) licenses, 208–209, personal media and, 37, 68–69, 70, 263 71–78, 85, 96 computers, 13, 17–18, 79, 133, 266 “substantial similarity” and, 10 convergence and, 236 violation investigation, 59 digital filmmaking and, 69–70, 71 Copyright Act (1976), 74, 77, 123, 138, 144 “kill switches” for, 261 Counter-Strike (game), 250 music recording and, 84, 189 Crawford, Susan, 262 personal networks, 134 Creative Commons, 35, 147–149, 190, 210, recording television on, 119–120 248–249, 265 trusted computing, 26, 32, 140, 233, creative control, 104–106, 109 236–240 creative culture. See personal media Congress, U.S., 73, 139, 149–150, 174, 194 creativity, 13, 34–37, 187 copyright law and, 30, 32, 34–35, 36, 138, Cringely, Robert X., 238 144 Crosby, David, 190 digital media law and, 30, 32, 260–261 Cuban, Mark, 180 digital rights affirmation, 263 culture war, 3, 16 high-tech sector and, 26, 133 cut-and-paste culture, 15, 36 MPAA and, 77, 235 Cutter, Chris and Katie, 129 music licensing and, 109, 208 CyberChef, 222 Napster hearings, 190 cyberlaw, 35–36 Webcasting royalties and, 214 Constitution, U.S., 34, 143, 227 dance clubs, 2, 14–15, 16, 114 consumer electronics industry, 23, 26, Danger Mouse (Brian Burton), 211 31–32, 91, 115–116, 122 Darknet, 44–46, 125, 149, 184, 240–241 consumer rights, 26, 115, 116, 262 definition of, 45 Consumers Union, 40, 261 encrypted file sharing and, 223–230, 232, Content Scramble System, 121 233 convergence, 27–28, 160, 236 as equalizing force, 264 copy controls. See encryption mash-ups and, 210, 212 copy protection, 36–37, 39, 114, 116–118, as metaphor, 3 123–125, 142, 144, 228, 235–236 music file sharing and, 191, 222, 223–224 copyright, 2, 4, 9, 33–41, 44, 227 underground media and, 44, 46, 47–62, adult entertainment sites and, 159 122, 241 artistic expression and, 113–114 video compression technology and, broadcast flag and, 233–235 96–97 censorship and, 226 darknets, 45–46, 132 criminalization and, 127–150, 261, 263 definitions of, 2–3, 45 current legislative initiatives and, Dawson, Rhett, 31–32 261–262 Daytonabeach-live (Internet TV show), Edge TV and, 173, 174, 177, 183, 184 152–153 extensions of, 30, 32, 34–35, 265 decryption programs, 128, 129 fair use and, 4, 26, 68, 70, 73–78, 111, DeCSS (software), 136, 137 117, 123, 128, 138, 139–141, 143, Dell, 26, 236 144–145, 168, 216, 233, 263 Designer, 103 Hollywood concerns about, 30, 31, 32, desktop publishing, 79 35, 72–74, 96, 111, 121, 139, 149, Diamond Multimedia, 26, 110–111, 197 168–169, 262 Diebold Election Systems, 141, 226 infringement on, 33–34, 78 DiFranco, Ani, 197 license customization, 147–149 Digital Clubhouses, 70 Machinima and, 248 DigitalConsumer.org, 40, 111, 261 bindex.qxd 2/28/05 2:45 PM Page 300

300 ❘ INDEX

digital culture, 1–18, 150, 261, 266 Doom9, 122, 131 convergence and, 27–28, 160, 236 Dozier, Lamont, 195 public policy and, 3, 29–32 DreamWorks, 9, 89 sensible policies for, 5, 20, 21, 262–265 Dube, Bryan, 252 threats to, 2, 19, 114 Dust to Dust (documentary), 154–155 youth creativity and, 5–13, 71 DVD Copy Control Association, 23, 24 See also personal media DVD Decrypt, 128 Digital Future Coalition, 142–143, 149–150 DVD jukeboxes, 121 digital identity, 231 DVD Movie Writer, 28 digital locks, 29, 44, 45, 123, 137, 213 DVDs, 11–12, 16, 54, 61, 89, 98–99, 140 Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 39, backing up of, 122 139–145, 150, 226, 227 copy protection and, 116–117 hardware mods and, 252, 253 interactive, 101–102, 103 Hollywood and, 30, 32 licensing standards, 70, 115–116 Internet radio programs and, 201 region coding and, 23–24, 25, 106, 253 movie mash-ups and, 212 ripping software, 78, 141, 144 overhaul of, 263 seamless branching, 107 tech companies and, 29 video compression and, 88, 97 violation of, 111, 122, 123, 128, 129, 132, DVDTracks.com, 76 136, 137, 139–145 Dye, Morris, 187 Webcasting royalties and, 214 Dying to Tell the Story (documentary), digital movie clubs, 71 171–172 digital rights, 2, 25, 28–29, 35–42, 99, 111, 116–120, 133, 135, 144–145, 149, 234, Earthstation5, 229 261, 263 Eastman, Marlene, 72 digital rights management, 111, 115, 118, Easton, Steve, 159 125, 182, 210, 213, 228 eBay, 202, 246 digital shoplifting, 266 Ebert, Roger, 76, 84, 90, 104 Digital Speech Project, 261 eBook Reader, 143, 144 digital storytelling, 67–73 e-books, 114, 140, 143 digital television, 116, 119–120, 122–123, Edge TV, 2, 169–184 179–180, 181, 233, 235, 262 eDonkey, 56, 213, 221 digital vaults, 55, 116 Edwards, Bob, 188 digital video recorders (DVRs). See per- Eisner, Michael, 32 sonal video recorders ElcomSoft, 143–144 Directors Guild of America, 104, 105 Eldred, Eric, 29, 33 DirecTV, 88, 176 Eldred v. Ashcroft, 33 Discovery Communications, 169 Electronic Arts, 246, 251, 252 Disney Channel, 190–191 Electronic Frontier Foundation, 40, 113, distributed TV. See file-serve television 138, 208, 234, 261 DivX (Digital Video Express), 89–90, 97, El Gato Software, 119 118 Ellsberg, Daniel, 142 DivX (format), 90–93, 97, 156, 230, 252 EMI, 72, 204, 211 DivXNetworks, 87, 90–93 Eminem, 195 DivX ;-) (pirate code), 89 eMusic, 201 DNA (musical group), 210 encryption, 25, 29, 37, 111, 115, 136, 168, Doctorow,Cory, 142 213 (Doh!) Software, 142 file-sharing networks and, 223–230, 232, Doherty, Richard, 108, 121, 123 233 Dolby Labs, 88 Eno, Brian, 197 Doom (game), 250 Epic Games, 247, 251–252 bindex.qxd 2/28/05 2:45 PM Page 301

INDEX ❘ 301

Epinions (Web site), 82 Forsythe, Tom, 113 ESPN, 156, 164 4C industry group, 133 EyeTV, 119 Fox, 75, 76, 89, 155, 169, 177, 248 Frank, Andrew, 230 FactCheck.org (blog), 81 Frankel, Justin, 222–223, 228 fair use. See under copyright free culture movement, 29, 30, 38, 40, 147 Family Shield, 105 Freeculture.org, 261 fan fiction, 15, 21, 84–85, 149 Freenet, 45, 224–228, 230, 232 FanFiction.net, 85 Fanning, Shawn, 192, 204 Gabriel, Ann, 215 fansubs, 130 Gabriel, Peter, 197 Fark (Web site), 83 Gaines, Philip, 75–77, 78 FasTrack, 223 games, 78, 164, 243–255 FBI, 59, 142, 143 licensing, 247–248, 249, 250 Federal Communications Commission, 32, piracy of, 253–254 59, 110, 119–120, 168–169, 176, Gamespy.com, 252 179–180, 186, 215–216, 233, 234, 235 GarageBand (software), 84, 189 Feingold, Benjamin S., 61, 62, 73, 99, 106 GarageBand.com, 197 Feinstein, Diane, 32–33 Gates, Bill, 134, 239 file-serve television, 169–174 Gateway, 26, 236 file sharing, 1, 2, 32–33, 40, 114, 130, 132, Geffen, David, 206 221–241 Geffen Records, 204–205 encrypted, 223–230, 232, 233 Gibson, Bob, 189, 190 misuses of, 5, 21 Gigabit or Bust Initiative, 259–260 movie underground and, 49, 50, 53–54, Gillmor, Dan, 78–79, 85 55, 59, 61, 96, 97 Gilmore, John, 123–124 music. See under music Glaser, Rob, 62 films, 149 GlaxoSmithKline, 232 digital, 69–73 Glickman, Dan, 30, 59 digital distribution of, 32, 49, 62–63, 64 Global Positioning System (GPS), 24 do-it-yourself commentaries, 76, 78 Gnutella, 222–223, 228, 230 filtering technology, 103–109 Godwin, Mike, 192, 236 independent, 84 Gomes, Lee, 89 Machinima, 247–248 Grateful Dead, 96 rating system, 31, 102–103 Greenhall, Jordan, 88–96 video compression and, 87–92, 97 Greenlee, Rob, 82 See also Hollywood; movie underground Greenstein, Seth, 125, 234 filtering technology, 103–109 Grey Album (mash-up album), 211–212 Finding Nemo (film), 98 Griffin, Jim, 109, 204–206, 207, 208, 209, Fiorina, Carly, 28 219, 265 Firefly (TV show), 75, 76–77 Grimmelmann, James, 264 Firefly: A Special Feature (documentary), Grokster, 45–46, 222, 223 75–76, 77 Groove Networks, 229 first sale doctrine, 144 Gross, Terry, 216 fishWrap (online publication), 80 Gruttend, Kiok, 68 5C industry group, 120, 125, 133 Guenther, Morgan, 179 Flirt4Free (Web site), 158 Gupta, Raghav, 214 folk music, 2, 189–190 Guthrie, Woodie, 138 Forest, Bliss, 64–65 Forest, Bruce, 47–53, 55–58, 60–65, 96, 98, Half-Life (game), 250–251 224, 229, 241, 253 Half-Life 2 (game), 251, 254 bindex.qxd 2/28/05 2:45 PM Page 302

302 ❘ INDEX

Halperin, John, 148 Hulk, The (film), 47–48 hardware mods, 252–253, 254, 255 Hunt, Brad, 236 Hatch, Orrin, 261 HBO, 130, 156, 164, 171, 178 Ian, Janis, 196 HDNet, 180 IBM, 32, 139, 236, 260 Hendricks, John S., 164–165, 170, 174, 175 id Software, 247, 250, 252 Henley, Don, 193, 195 iDVD software, 70 Hennessy, Carly, 218 IGE, 246 Hewlett-Packard, 26, 28, 142, 228, 232, 236 “Illegal Art” exhibit, 112–113, 147 high-capacity audio discs, 219 iMesh, 56, 186 High Definition Content Protection, 124 immersive Internet, 258–259 high-definition television (HDTV), iMovie, 26, 84, 154 122–123, 179, 180, 259 Imus, Don, 216 Highfield, Ashley, 164, 180–182, 183 Independent Media Center, 83 high-speed Internet. See broadband INDUCE Act, 29 high-tech industry, 23, 24–28, 115–116, Infogrames, 251 133–135 innovation, 4, 35, 92, 109, 112, 118–119, HiWatts, the, 63–64 121, 137, 145, 169, 241, 264 Hollevoet, David, 214 instant messaging, 45, 266 Hollywood, 1, 3, 5, 11, 12, 23–26, 89, 260 Integrated Media Systems Center, 257–258, copy protection technology, 116–118, 259 123–125, 144, 235–236 Intel, 29, 124, 132–133, 134, 135, 236 copyright protection, 36, 139, 149, intellectual property, 11, 20, 36, 41, 226, 235–236, 262 227, 230–231, 245, 262. See also definition of, 30 copyright DVD region coding, 23–24, 25, 106 Intellectual Property Task Force, 260 immersive Internet and, 258 Interactive Digital Software Association, interactive media and, 159–160 253 licensing standards and, 115–116 interactive media, 5, 12–13, 14, 101–102, movie filtering and, 104–107, 109 259 movie rating system, 31, 102–103 filtering technology, 103–109 movie underground and, 48–49, 122 Hollywood and, 159–160 opposition to VCRs, 110 online games, 243–249 personal media and, 72–74, 79 youth expectations for, 16–22 piracy concerns, 25, 30, 31–33, 49, 58–62, interactive television, 159–160, 180–181, 96, 97–99, 122, 179–180, 184, 233–236, 259 241, 255 Internet, 2, 14, 15, 17–22, 258–260 political lobbying, 29–30, 240, 260, 261 broadcast flag technology and, 234 public policy and, 29–32 competing visions of, 40–41, 264 unauthorized film use and, 2, 15, 19–20 convergence and, 160 video compression technology, 92, 93, copyright and, 35–40 95–96 cyberlaw and, 35–36 home entertainment, 26, 61, 96, 114, 135 illegal downloading from, 129–132 convergence and, 27, 236 immersive, 258–259 copyright concerns and, 121 online games, 243–249 immersive Internet and, 258–259 personal broadcasting and, 151–162 space shifting and, 168 piracy concerns and, 25, 52, 58–62, 133, video codecs and, 93 135–136 home networks, 134–135 radio program restrictions, 201 Home Recording Rights Coalition, 261 Internet2, 258 Horovitz, Jed, 146–147 Internet Archive, 40, 113 Hosler, Mark, 212 Internet Relay Chat, 45, 48, 55, 89 bindex.qxd 2/28/05 2:45 PM Page 303

INDEX ❘ 303

Internet TV, 151–154 Lee, Tommy, 159 Intervideo, 121 Leeson, David, 154–155 iPod, 16, 26–27, 28, 88, 197–198 Lessig, Lawrence, 29, 33, 34–38, 39, 46, 147, Ishikawa, Mark, 224 149, 212, 260 iTunes, 26, 43, 88, 197, 198, 209, 217, 218 Levy, Bruno, 15, 16, 20 Levy, Steven, 118 Jackson, Michael, 211 libraries, 42, 45, 114 Jackson, Peter, 107 licensing, 41, 43, 44 Jameson, Jenna, 158, 159 standards, 70, 115–116, 133 Jaszi, Peter, 142–143, 149 See also under games; under music Jay-Z, 211 Lieberfarb, Warren, 43, 62, 107, 155–157, Jenkins, Henry, 13, 16–19, 21, 28 159, 161, 175, 180, 267 Jenner, Peter, 217 Limbaugh, Rush, 216 Jim Henson Co., 93 LimeWire, 223 Jobs, Steve, 74–75, 119, 134, 198 Limp Bizkit, 195 Johansen, Jon Lech, 137 Linden Lab, 243–248 Johnson, Lyndon B., 29 Linux, 239, 252 Jones, Don, 68 Live365 (music portal), 214 Jun Group, 63 Lo, Patrick, 121 Justice Department, U.S., 227, 260 Lofgren, Zoe, 235 JXL (disc jockey), 210 Longhorn, 236, 238–239 Look, Howard, 169, 172, 173 Kabir, Ras, 229 Lord of the Rings (film), 76, 96 Kahle, Brewster, 40, 42 Love,Courtney, 194, 204 Kalanick, Travis, 224 Lubliner, Roni, 72 Karlsson, Lukas, 167 Lucas, George, 77, 78 Kazaa, 45–46, 56, 74, 114, 186, 190–192, Lucasfilm, 10, 78, 147 210, 221, 223 Lydon, Christopher, 82 Kellner, Jamie, 176 Lynn, Roger, 189 Kelly, Kevin, 188 Kenswil, Larry, 43 Ma,Moses, 71, 84 Kerry, John, 137 MacBand (online community), 84 Keys, Phillip, 214 Machinima, 247–248 Knowles, Harry, 8, 9, 10 MacJams (online community), 84 konspire2b, 161 Macrovision, 74, 98, 120 Kost, Rob, 138, 139 Madonna, 195 Koster, Raph, 255 Majidimehr, Amir, 111 Kraus, Joe, 3, 25, 111, 112, 115, 120, Malcolm, John G., 58–59 139–140, 234 Manferdelli, John, 239 Kressley, Carson, 120–121 Mann, Aimee, 197 Kryptonite bike locks, 82 Marconi, Guglielmo, 110 Kuro5hin (Web site), 83 Mario Brothers (video game), 248 Marshall, Joshua, 81 LaCour, Victor, 257–259 Martin, Kevin, 63 Laderman, John Alex, 142 Martinelli, Stephanie, 72–73 La Macchia, Brian, 237 Mashin’ of the Christ, The (movie mash- Lamb, Jayson, 8–11 up), 212 Lambert, Joe, 67–68, 69, 71–72, 74, 85 mash-ups, 209–212, 234 Lanier, Jaron, 264 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32, Le,Minh, 250–251 80, 213, 237 League, Tim, 9 Matrix, The (film), 18, 20, 98, 103 Leanza, Cheryl, 216 Mattel, 113 bindex.qxd 2/28/05 2:45 PM Page 304

304 ❘ INDEX

Mawlawi, Mazen, 147 compression technology, 88 Mayer, John, 96 copy protection, 124, 142 MCA Records, 218 digital distribution of, 49, 63–64, McCullagh, Declan, 145 185–202 McDermitt, Matt, 84 fair use, 21, 73, 216 McGuinn, Roger, 2, 189–190, 191, 194 file sharing, 186, 189–196, 207, 208, 212, McLuhan, Marshall, 113 213, 219, 221–224, 240 Media Access Project, 261 licensing, 109, 113–114, 174, 208–209, Media Center PC, 120 210, 212, 249 MediaDefender, 222 mash-ups, 209–212 Message, The (Sherman), 113 online games, 249 Metafilter (Web site), 83 online stores, 43, 88, 111, 190, 193, 197, Metallica, 195 198, 202, 206, 209, 213, 218 Meyers, Mike, 166 personal media, 71–72, 84 MGM, 30, 72, 112, 177, 178 piracy, 65, 97, 187, 192, 198, 213, 222 Microsoft, 26, 32, 45, 46, 89, 93, 97, 115, podcasting, 82, 219 120, 125, 133, 154, 155, 161, 222, streaming, 200–202, 214, 240 236–239, 240, 251–254, 259 subscription services, 201, 206, 240 Microsoft Office, 64, 118 See also recording industry Microsoft Reader, 143 Musicmatch, 197, 198–202, 209, 217 Miller, Diana, 103, 109 Musicmatch Jukebox, 185, 190, 199 Miller, Ernest, 77–78 MusicNet, 201 Minidisc.org, 124 Mutchler, Colin, 148 MiniDisc recorders, 124 Mystro TV, 177 Miyagawa, Shigeru, 14 Moby, 195 Nader, Ralph, 172 mods, 250–255 Napster, 48, 136, 138, 150, 190–193, 197, Moore, Michael, 146 201, 202, 218, 221, 222, 230, 232, 240, “moral imperative” campaign, 31, 37, 59 241 Morita, Akio, 165 Nast, Thomas, 34 Morpheus, 191, 223 National Football League, 168–169, 170 Motion Picture Association of America, National Public Radio, 83 29–32, 58–60, 73–74, 77, 146–147, NBC, 107, 164, 169, 176 168–169, 235, 261 Negativland, 112, 212 MoveOn, 83 Nemechek, Victor, 119 Movie Archive, 42 Netflix, 56–57, 92 Movielink, 49, 87, 99 Neumann, Ulrich, 259 MovieMask (software), 103 New Directions for News, 78 movies. See films; Hollywood News in the Future, 80 movie underground, 1, 21, 47–62, 64–65, New World News (blog), 244–245 96, 122, 241 New Yorkers for Fair Use, 261 MP3 technology, 88, 110–111, 112, 124, NFL Films, 136 140, 144, 185, 197, 205, 219, 230 niche programming, 155, 165 MPEG-2, 88, 90 Night of the Living Dead (film), 148 MSN TV, 154 Nike, 210 MTV, 178 >NIL (French programmer), 25 MTV News Unfiltered (TV show), 83 Ninja (movie underground figure), 53, 55, Mudd, Dennis, 199, 200, 202, 218 56, 57 Mullen, Nina, 67 Nintendo, 253 Multimedia CD, 115 No Electronic Theft Act, 30 Murray,Chris, 43–44, 99, 233–234 Nokia, 27, 205 music, 149 Nvidia, 251 bindex.qxd 2/28/05 2:45 PM Page 305

INDEX ❘ 305

O’Connor, Sandra Day, 110 video compression and, 95–97 Odetta, 190 personal video recorders (PVRs), 94, 114, Office of Technology Assessment, 138–139 116, 118, 120, 144, 157, 161, 165–169, Ohlweiler, Bob, 199 175–182 OhmyNews (Web site), 83–84 Pesce, Mark, 161, 162 Ondrejka, Cory, 243–244, 245, 247, 248–249 Petricone, Michael, 121–122 169time.com, 123 Phantom Edit, The (Star Wars version), 78 online games, 243–249, 250 Philips Electronics, 26, 91, 115 online music stores. See under music Pho group, 204, 205, 206, 207 Onosko, Tim, 116, 120, 183 photocopiers, 110, 112 open media. See personal media Pinnacle, 26 open source software, 145, 161, 239 Pioneer, 124 Oppenheim, Matt, 224 Pioneer Region Free DVD Firmware site, O’Reilly, Tim, 83, 196, 264 25 Orion Pictures, 177 piracy, 1, 2, 5, 45, 111, 125, 232 Overpeer, 222 commercial, 57, 58–59 owner override, 238 Congress and, 133, 135–137, 261 Ozzie, Ray, 229 digital rights and, 25, 28 Edge TV and, 173, 184 Paramount, 30, 72, 155, 176, 177 of games, 253–254 Parres, John, 204 industry initiatives against, 26, 32, Parsons, Richard, 32 233–236 participatory culture, 2, 13, 18–19, 21–22, innovative business models and, 45, 79, 95, 119, 137, 260, 262, 263 62–64, 264 participatory journalism, 78–79, 80 movie underground and, 47–62, 64–65, Patrick, John, 260 122 Pax, Salam, 81 of music, 65, 97, 187, 192, 198, 213, 222 pay-per-use model, 41, 140, 143 student conduct codes on, 31 pay-per-view, 62, 89–90, 114, 120, 170 use distinctions, 21 PBS, 171 See also under Hollywood peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, 33, 56, 59, Pixar, 32, 169 156, 181, 232, 233, 240, 261 plagiarism, 21 music file sharing and, 84, 114, 192, 194, Playboy, 158, 159 197, 208, 212, 221–224 Playstation, 93, 252–253 Penn State University, 240, 241 Playstation 2, 61, 97, 252–254 Penthouse, 158 podcasting, 82, 219 permissions, 33, 34, 74, 248 Pogue, David, 166 personal broadcasting, 151–162 Pollack, Jordan B., 41–43, 46 personal ID certificates, 231 Poopli (Web site), 179 personal media, 4, 5, 7–22, 67–85, 181, 260, Porter, Cole, 207–208 262 Powell, Michael, 166, 175 big media vs., 2, 13–14, 19–20, 71–79 Prelinger, Richard, 113, 148 blogs, 3, 80–82, 95 Prelinger Film Archives, 148 convergence and, 27–28 Presley, Elvis, 210 copyright and, 37, 68–69, 70, 71–78, 85, Prince, 197 96 Principle Solutions, 105 digital storytelling, 67–73 privacy rights, 180 home networks, 134–135 Protectfairuse.org, 261 immersive Internet and, 259 Proud Family, The (cartoon), 190–191 networks, 134 public domain, 34, 143, 148, 265 personalized news systems, 80 Public Enemy, 114, 195 piracy concerns and, 25 Public Knowledge, 40, 99, 234, 261 bindex.qxd 2/28/05 2:45 PM Page 306

306 ❘ INDEX

publishing, 110, 114, 139 Rev. John, 127–132, 141, 148 Publius (underground network), 223 Reynolds, Glenn, 261 Rhapsody, 201, 202, 209 Quake (game), 78, 247, 250, 252 Rheingold, Howard, 40 Qwest Communications, 42 Richmond Organization, 138 right-of-publicity laws, 74 radio, 218–219 Ringewald, Erich, 187, 188 compulsory licenses, 208 Rio (MP3 player), 110–111, 197 digital, 215–216 ripping software, 78, 141, 144 FM band, 110 Robertson, Michael, 204 Internet. See Webcasting Rojas, Peter, 210–211 low wattage stations, 186 Rosedale, Philip, 246, 247 monolithic station ownership, 193 Rosen, Hilary, 73, 204 podcasting, 82, 219 Rosenbaum, Steven, 83 satellite, 188, 190 Rosenberg, Scott, 265 Raiders of the Lost Ark, The (film ), 2, 7 Rota, Jerome (Gej), 89, 90–91 Raiders: The Adaptation (film re-creation), Roth, Eli, 9 7–11, 12, 19 Route66live.com, 152 Ramsay, Mike, 161, 167–169, 170, 173, 174, Rundgren, Todd, 197 182, 184 Run DMC, 210 Randall, Karen, 44, 196–197 Rutkowski, Ken,82 Raven (Harold Kionka), 151–153, 154, 155, 165 Saffo, Paul, 79 RealNetworks, 93, 201 sampling, 15, 21, 114, 263 recording industry, 3, 5, 36, 40, 50–51, 142, Samsung, 91 260, 262 San Francisco Museum of Modern Artists analog- to digital-age transition, 203–219 Gallery, 112 digital music distribution, 43, 63, 139, Sanyo, 105 192–202 satellite radio, 188, 190 fair use and, 73, 216 satellite television providers, 160, 177 file-sharing suits, 221–222, 228, 231, 233 Saving Private Ryan (film), 103 licensing rights, 113–114 Scalia, Antonin, 35 mash-ups, 210–212 Scarface (game pirate), 254 Napster and, 48, 150, 192–193, 197, 222 Schiller, Phil, 198 opposition to MP3 technology, 110–111, Sciullo, Mike, 191, 192 205 Scorsese, Martin, 104 personal media, 72 Scott, Ridley, 108 royalty underpayment, 194 Scour (search engine), 224 Webcasting royalties, 152, 186, 214–215 screen cams, 54 Recording Industry Association of America “screeners,”54, 60 (RIAA), 50–51, 142, 192, 195, 201, 214, seamless branching, 107 215–216, 221–222, 224, 228, 231, 233, Searls, Doc, 40–41 245 Second Life (online game), 244–249 region coding, 23–24, 25, 106, 253 Seeger, Pete, 190 Rein, Lisa, 153–154 Setos, Andrew, 44, 234 Reiner, Rob, 104 set-top boxes, 123 release groups, 50, 51, 53–58, 254 Shakira, 195 remixing, 20, 210, 212, 263 Shapiro, Gary, 216 Remote Media Immersion, 258 share culture, 21, 231 renewability, 116–117 Sherman, Cary, 192, 216, 219 ReplayTV, 111, 121, 165, 172, 176, 177–179, Sherman, Jason, 113 182 Shing, Honda, 121 bindex.qxd 2/28/05 2:45 PM Page 307

INDEX ❘ 307

Shirky, Clay, 22, 188, 206–207, 222, 232, SunnComm, 142 233, 240 Supreme Court, U.S., 33, 34, 109, 110, 124, Showtime, 178 177 Siemens, 232 syndication, 174–175 Sierra Entertainment, 251 silicon radio, 135 Talking Heads, 193 SilverStringers (online newspaper), 80 Taplin, Jonathan, 184 Simpsons, The (TV show), 20, 129, 174, 208 Target, 206 Sims, The (game), 244, 246, 250 Tarnation (documentary), 84 Singer, Mitch, 117 Tarzan (underground network), 223 Sirius satellite radio, 188 teleconferencing, 259 60 Minutes (TV show), 81 telesyncs, 54 Sixteen Nine Time, 122–123 television, 15, 17, 18, 110, 155–156, 160, Skylarov, Dmitry, 143 260, 262 Slashdot.org (Web site), 83 broadcast flag technology, 233–235 “small-worlds networks,”232–233 broadcast networks, 155–156, 175 Smashing Pumpkins, 195 Edge TV, 2, 169–184 Snapple Beverage Group, 63 filtering technology, 107 SnapStream Media, 119 high-definition, 122–123, 179, 180, 259 sneakernet, 46, 96 interactive, 159–160, 180–181, 259 Snopes.com, 82–83 personal broadcasting, 155–156 Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (film), personal video recorders and, 94, 114, 106 118, 120, 161, 165–169, 175, 176 Soderbergh, Steven, 104, 105 syndication, 174–175 Sohn, Gigi, 140, 192 V-chip technology, 31, 136 song-on-demand services, 202 See also cable television; digital Sonicblue, 26, 111, 121, 172, 177–179, 182 television Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Television Archive, 42 Act, 30, 32, 34, 113 Ternes, Dan, 251 Sony, 26, 30, 70, 89, 93, 110, 112, 115, 123, There Inc., 245 124, 144, 165, 236, 253, 254 They Might Be Giants, 195 Sony Music, 72, 204, 212, 222 This Land (Internet video), 137–138 Sony Online Entertainment, 246 Thompson, Kyra, 171–172 Sony Pictures, 165 321 Studios, 121, 122 Soto, Pablo, 224 time shifting, 94, 123, 144, 157, 164, space shifting, 2, 168 165–166, 177 Spice, 158 “time stretching” software, 121 Spielberg, Steven, 8, 9, 10, 19, 104, 107, 108 Time Warner, 120, 176, 177 Spiridellis, Gregg and Evan, 138 Time Warner Interactive, 245 Standard Film Trust, 161 TiVo, 16, 88, 94, 112, 161, 163, 165, Starbucks, 248 166–170, 173, 176, 177, 179, 182, 219 Star Wars films, 49, 78, 95, 98 TiVoToGo, 168–169 homemade versions of, 15, 147 Tony Radio (FM station), 186 Starz Ticket, 99 Toontown (online virtual world), 32 State Department, U.S., 225 topsites, 55 Steiner, Stephan, 122 Toshiba, 115 Steriogram, 188 Transportation Security Administration, Stern, Howard, 188 145 streaming Trilogy Studios, 102–103, 104, 106, 107, music, 200–202, 214, 240 108 video, 87–88, 93, 124, 152, 153 Tru64 Unix, 142 Strompolos, Chris, 7–11, 12 TrueMajority, 234 bindex.qxd 2/28/05 2:45 PM Page 308

308 ❘ INDEX

trusted computing, 26, 32, 140, 233, Wainwright, Loudon, III, 195 236–240 Walker, Leslie, 183 Trusted Computing Group, 236 Walkman, 112, 124 TuneYard (Web site), 84 Wal-Mart, 61, 105, 108, 202, 206 TVGuardian technology, 105, 108 Walt Disney Co., 30, 32, 72–73, 89, 106, TVG Vision, 105, 108 110, 146, 149, 155, 161, 169, 176, 178, Twelve Monkeys (film), 248 259 Twentieth Century-Fox, 30, 72 warez sites, 59, 230 2600 (magazine), 144 Warner, Josh, 206 2manydjs (mash-up duo), 210 Warner Bros., 30, 72, 89, 176 Warner Home Video, 115 Ultima Online (online game), 246, 247, 249 Warner Music, 72, 204 “Undead Art” project, 148 Waste (underground network), 223, Universal Music, 72, 204, 205, 213 228–229, 232 Universal Studios, 24, 30, 47, 72, 89, 110, watermarking, 29, 47, 136, 219, 235 144, 169, 176, 177 Watson, Tom, 171 Unreal (game), 78, 247, 251 Wayner, Peter, 145 Usenet, 45, 55, 129–130 Webcasting, 152, 186, 188, 197, 201, 214–215, 219 Vaidhyanathan, Siva, 77 Webjay.org, 218 Vaio Pocket VGF-AP1, 124 weblogs. See blogs Valenti, Jack, 29–31, 32–33, 37, 39, 49, 58, Ween, 197 59–60, 73, 76, 77, 92, 98, 110, 121, 122, Weinberger, David, 144 131, 137, 230, 235, 236, 241 Weinstein, Lauren, 231–232 Valve Software, 250, 251 Weymouth, Tina, 193 vaudeville, 110 Whiteside, Donald S., 25, 29, 132–137, 141, VCDquality.com, 184 147 VCD Vault, 56 Wikipedia, 83 V-chip, 31, 136 Willful Infringement (film), 146–147 VCRs, 98, 110, 112, 115, 120, 156, 165, 177 Willis, Chris, 78 Vega, Suzanne, 210, 211 Wilson, Ruby, 68 Viacom, 169, 176 Windolf, Jim, 8, 10 Victor Talking Machine Co., 267 Wintel, 139 videobloggers, 82 wireless technology, 135, 186, 259–260 video compression, 87–97, 156, 165 Wolcott, James, 81 video games, 18, 19, 106, 248, 254–255 Wolfe, Andy, 172, 175, 178 video on demand, 91, 164, 165, 170, 259 Worlds Inc., 245 Video Pipeline, 146 Wozniak, Steve, 123 video streaming, 87–88, 93, 124, 152, 153 Vilhan, Allan, 148–149 Xbox, 252, 253, 254 virtual private networks, 54, 234 XM satellite radio, 188 virtual worlds, 32, 244–249 Vivendi Universal, 205, 218 Yahoo, 45, 202 Vivendi Universal Games, 251 Yalen, Alex, 230–231 Vivid, 158 Your Choice TV, 164 VJs (video jockeys), 2, 14–15 Yudkovitz, Martin J., 174 Voice of America, 225 von Lohmann, Fred, 113–125, 141–142, Zala, Eric, 7–11 144, 235, 253 Zala, Kurt, 8 VS Media, 157–159 Zennström, Niklas, 223 Zittrain, Jonathan, 138 Wacker, Watts, 1 ZPoc, 222